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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Discounting Techniques

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Academic literature on the topic 'Discounting Techniques'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Discounting Techniques"

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Maas, William, Kevin Bahr, and Sean Carey. "Maximizing IRA Returns Using FLP/LLC Discounting Techniques." Journal of Finance Issues 8, no. 2 (2010): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.58886/jfi.v8i2.2333.

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The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the potential investment benefits of holding real estate inside an IRA and utilizing Family Limited Partnership (FLP) or family Limited Liability Company (LLC) discounting techniques. Statutory authority, administrative authority, and judicial authority was researched to support the conclusion that an IRA may own real estate and the Individual Retirement Account (IRA) value may be discounted for tax and minimum required distribution (MRD) purposes by using properly structured techniques.

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Artikis, T., D. Jerwood, and A. Voudouri. "Analytical and simulation techniques for discounting binomial random sums." Mathematical and Computer Modelling 16, no. 3 (1992): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0895-7177(92)90045-m.

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Chávez, Melisa E., Elena Villalobos, José L. Baroja, and Arturo Bouzas. "Hierarchical Bayesian modeling of intertemporal choice." Judgment and Decision Making 12, no. 1 (2017): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500005210.

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AbstractThere is a growing interest in studying individual differences in choices that involve trading off reward amount and delay to delivery because such choices have been linked to involvement in risky behaviors, such as substance abuse. The most ubiquitous proposal in psychology is to model these choices assuming delayed rewards lose value following a hyperbolic function, which has one free parameter, named discounting rate. Consequently, a fundamental issue is the estimation of this parameter. The traditional approach estimates each individual’s discounting rate separately, which discards

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Naudé, Gideon P., Sean B. Dolan, Justin C. Strickland, Meredith S. Berry, David J. Cox, and Matthew W. Johnson. "The Influence of Episodic Future Thinking and Graphic Warning Labels on Delay Discounting and Cigarette Demand." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (2021): 12637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312637.

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Delay discounting and operant demand are two behavioral economic constructs that tend to covary, by degree, with cigarette smoking status. Given historically robust associations between adverse health outcomes of smoking, a strong preference for immediate reinforcement (measured with delay discounting), and excessive motivation to smoke cigarettes (measured with operant demand), researchers have made numerous attempts to attenuate the extent to which behaviors corresponding to these constructs acutely appear in smokers. One approach is episodic future thinking, which can reportedly increase th

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H., R. Ganesha, S. Aithal P., and Kirubadevi P. "Short-Term Discounting Frameworks: Insights from Multiple Experiments." International Journal of Case Studies in Business, IT, and Education (IJCSBE) 4, no. 1 (2020): 8–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3762872.

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Ever since the online retailing format has emerged in India, consumers now have wider options available for them to buy a product at a discounted price and notably, as online stores in India are following the product discounting as one of the key drivers for consumer acquisition, consumers’ perspective towards discount at brick-and-mortar store has changed. This change in consumers’ perspective has put the majority of brick-and-mortar retailers in India into a quandary and they are losing out their market share slowly to online retailers. In this research which is based on recommen

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H., R. Ganesha, S. Aithal P., and Kirubadevi P. "Long-Term Discounting Frameworks: Insights from Multiple Experiments." International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social Sciences (IJMTS) 5, no. 1 (2020): 84–100. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3762939.

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Ever since the online retailing format has emerged in India, consumers now have wider options available for them to buy a product at a discounted price and notably, as online stores in India are following the product discounting as one of the key drivers for consumer acquisition, consumers’ perspective towards discount at brick-and-mortar store has changed. This change in consumers’ perspective has put the majority of brick-and-mortar retailers in India into a quandary and they are losing out their market share slowly to online retailers. In this research which is based on recommen

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Paseda, Oluseun. "A Review of Capital Budgeting Techniques." Issues in Social Science 8, no. 2 (2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/iss.v8i2.18034.

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Perhaps the single most important decision faced by management is the selection of investment projects that maximize the present value of shareholders’ wealth. This paper is a review of the literature on capital budgeting procedures. Analytic techniques such as Net present value (NPV), Internal rate of return (IRR), Payback, Discounted Payback, Time-adjusted discounting, Accounting Rate of Return, Profitability Index and Modified IRR are reviewed here. Additional supplementary techniques, when some complexities relating to risk and uncertainty are involved, are also discussed. Results of field

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Fanani, Achmad. "Donald Trump’s grammar: How to trivialize facts on coronavirus." Englisia: Journal of Language, Education, and Humanities 9, no. 2 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/ej.v9i2.11742.

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This current research reveals how President Trump grammatically constructed his clauses to trivialize the coronavirus (COVID-19). This research uses a discourse analysis approach with a qualitative design. The research data are President Trump’s trivializing clauses (192 main clauses) taken from his speeches, press interviews, remarks, and tweets from January 2020 to June 2020. Hallidayan SFL and Straker’s technique of trivialization are used as the basis of analysis. The result shows that most of the trivializing clauses are declarative while the others are interrogative and imperative. It is

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Adams, Jan Niklas, Cameron Pitsch, Tobias Brockhoff, and Wil M. P. van der Aalst. "An Experimental Evaluation of Process Concept Drift Detection." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 16, no. 8 (2023): 1856–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3594512.3594517.

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Process mining provides techniques to learn models from event data. These models can be descriptive (e.g., Petri nets) or predictive (e.g., neural networks). The learned models offer operational support to process owners by conformance checking, process enhancement, or predictive monitoring. However, processes are frequently subject to significant changes, making the learned models outdated and less valuable over time. To tackle this problem, Process Concept Drift (PCD) detection techniques are employed. By identifying when the process changes occur, one can replace learned models by relearnin

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Naranjo-Campos, Francisco J., Juan G. Victores, and Carlos Balaguer. "Expert-Trajectory-Based Features for Apprenticeship Learning via Inverse Reinforcement Learning for Robotic Manipulation." Applied Sciences 14, no. 23 (2024): 11131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app142311131.

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This paper explores the application of Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) in robotics, focusing on inferring reward functions from expert demonstrations of robot arm manipulation tasks. By leveraging IRL, we aim to develop efficient and adaptable techniques for learning robust solutions to complex tasks in continuous state spaces. Our approach combines Apprenticeship Learning via IRL with Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), expert-trajectory-based features, and the application of a reverse discount. The feature space is constructed by sampling expert trajectories to capture essential task ch

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Books on the topic "Discounting Techniques"

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R, Steinkrauss Kurt, and Massachusetts Continuing Legal Education, Inc. (1982- ), eds. GRATs, QPRTs, FLPs & and other discounting techniques. MCLE, 2007.

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R, Portney Paul, and Weyant John P, eds. Discounting and intergenerational equity. Resources for the Future, 1999.

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L, Pechet Deborah, and Massachusetts Continuing Legal Education, Inc. (1982- ), eds. GRATs, QPRTs, and other discounting techniques: How to incorporate sophisticated estate planning techniques into your practice. MCLE, 1996.

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Quinan, Deborah Pechet. GRATs, QPRTs and other discounting techniques: How to incorporate cutting-edge estate planning techniques into your practice. MCLE, 2004.

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Weyant, John P., and Paul R. Portney. Discounting and Intergenerational Equity. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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Discounting and Intergenerational Equity. Routledge, 2013.

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Nagrodsky-Scott, Nicholeen, Nicholeen Nagrodsky-Scott, Nicholeen Nagrodsky-Scott, and Nicholeen Nagrodsky-Scott. DISCOUNTED but Loved Journaling Workbook: A Journey to Find Strategies and Perspectives for Professional and Personal Growth by Overcoming Discounting and Engaging with Being Loved. Nagrodsky-Scott Specialties, 2020.

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Olsen, Jan Abel. Economic evaluation and priority setting: an overview. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794837.003.0017.

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This chapter provides an overview of the methodologies that come under the umbrella term of economic evaluation in healthcare. Economic evaluations seek to identify, measure, value, and compare alternative programmes. A taxonomy is developed to distinguish economic evaluation techniques depending on whether benefits have been measured in money terms or not, and whether benefits are based on preferences or not. When benefits are measured in money terms, it is referred to as a cost–benefit analysis (CBA). If benefits are measured in health terms, some sort of cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is

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Book chapters on the topic "Discounting Techniques"

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Reghai, Adil. "Discounting and General Value Adjustment Techniques." In Quantitative Finance. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137414502_8.

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Guo, Junfei, Juan Liu, Xianlong Chen, Qi Han, and Kunxiao Zhou. "Tunable Discounting Mechanisms for Language Modeling." In Intelligence Science and Big Data Engineering. Big Data and Machine Learning Techniques. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23862-3_58.

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Browne, Fiona, David Bell, Weiru Liu, et al. "Application of Evidence Theory and Discounting Techniques to Aerospace Design." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31718-7_56.

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Webb, Geoffrey I., and Mark Kuzmycz. "Evaluation of Data Aging: A Technique for Discounting Old Data during Student Modeling." In Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-68716-5_44.

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Jamrozik, Wojciech. "Importance Discounting as a Technique of Expert Knowledge Incorporation into Diagnostic Decision-Making Process." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39881-0_14.

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Milenković, Miloš, Libor Švadlenka, Nebojša Bojović, and Vlastimil Melichar. "Railway Investment Appraisal Techniques." In Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0084-1.ch004.

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Railway transport involves the expenditure of resources on a combination of investment in capital items (e.g. stations, tracks, equipment) and/or in operations (e.g. subsidies). Concerning the fact that there are limited amounts of resources, it is necessary to maximize the returns obtained from the investments of those resources. The best way to do this is to ensure that the resources will be allocated on those projects that maximize their return. Railway appraisals therefore represent a way of thinking about all the costs and benefits of different railway related spending projects in a syste

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Niels, Gunnar, Helen Jenkins, and James Kavanagh. "Quantification of Damages." In Economics for Competition Lawyers, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198717652.003.0009.

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Abstract This chapter deals with the economics of quantifying damages. A growing number of damages actions are brought before national courts by victims of cartels and other competition law infringements. The chapter sets out conceptual frameworks for estimating the harm from cartels (mainly the cartel overcharge) and exclusionary practices (lost profit). It presents a classification of approaches that can be used to quantify damages: cross-sectional comparisons; time-series comparisons; difference-in-differences comparisons; financial-analysis-based approaches; and market-structure-based appr

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Drummond, Michael E., Mark J. Sculpher, George W. Torrance, Bernie J. O’Brien, and Greg L. Stoddart. "Cost analysis." In Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198529446.003.0004.

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Abstract The analysis of the comparative costs of alternative treatments or health care programmes is common to all forms of economic evaluation and therefore most of the methodological issues discussed in this chapter are likely to be of relevance to all analyses. Although many of the issues surrounding costing are context specific and the analyst’s options are often limited by the availability of data, it is possible to give some general guidance. Three particularly thorny issues, the treatment of overhead costs (techniques for allocating shared overhead costs to individual projects), the al

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Resch, Stephen, and Logan Brenzel. "Data analysis." In Handbook of Applied Health Economics in Vaccines. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192896087.003.0011.

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Abstract Immunization program costs are generally derived from a detailed analysis of inputs, multiplied by unit prices, and adjusted for whether inputs are shared with other health services. This chapter presents a range of methods for generating robust estimates of immunization costs. Approaches for annualizing and discounting of the value of inputs that have a useful life longer than a year are also discussed in the chapter. Many costing studies collect information from a sample of sites, and approaches for aggregating costs to the national level are explored in this chapter. Techniques for

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Revesz, Richard l., and Michael A. Livermore. "Fallacy 5: People Always Want to Put Off Bad Things." In Retaking Rationality. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195368574.003.011.

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Abstract The next two chapters should be considered a pair, in that they both address the issue of discounting in cost-benefit analysis. Discounting is a technique that marks down future dollars to translate them into present dollars. It assumes that because people prefer immediate gratification, a dollar today is worth more than a dollar next year (even correcting for inflation). This assumption under-girds the sentiment, “I’d gladly pay you Tuesday for a hamburger today.”

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Conference papers on the topic "Discounting Techniques"

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Mittelmann, Munyque, Aniello Murano, and Laurent Perrussel. "Discounting in Strategy Logic." In Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-23}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/26.

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Discounting is an important dimension in multi-agent systems as long as we want to reason about strategies and time. It is a key aspect in economics as it captures the intuition that the far-away future is not as important as the near future. Traditional verification techniques allow to check whether there is a winning strategy for a group of agents but they do not take into account the fact that satisfying a goal sooner is different from satisfying it after a long wait. In this paper, we augment Strategy Logic with future discounting over a set of discounted functions D, denoted SL[D]. We con

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Browne, Fiona, Yan Jin, David Bell, et al. "Information fusion and discounting techniques for decision support in Aerospace." In 2012 10th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indin.2012.6300924.

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Choudhary, Manish Kumar, Gaurav Mahanti, Yogesh Rana, Sai Venkata Garimella, Arfan Ali, and Lin Li. "Integrated Modelling and Performance Reviews Helps to Unlock New Opportunities in a 40-year-old Mature Field Under Waterflood." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21473-ms.

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Abstract Field X is one of largest oil fields in Brunei producing since 1970's. The field consists of a large faulted anticlinal structure of shallow marine Miocene sediments. The field has over 500 compartments and is produced under waterflood since 1980's through 400+ conduits over 50 platforms. A comprehensive review of water injection performance was attempted in 2019 to assess remaining oil and identify infill opportunities. Large uncertainties in reservoir properties, connectivity and fluid contacts required that data across multiple disciplines is integrated to identify new opportunitie

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Tabiei, Ala, and Ivelin Ivanov. "Computational Micro-Mechanical Model of Composite and Flexible Woven Fabric With Fiber Reorientation." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/ad-23779.

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Abstract This work presents a computational material model of flexible woven fabric for finite element impact analysis and simulation. The model is implemented in the nonlinear dynamic explicit finite element code LSDYNA. The material model derivation utilizes the micro-mechanical approach and the homogenization technique usually used in composite material models. The model accounts for reorientation of the yarns and the fabric architecture. The behavior of the flexible fabric material is achieved by discounting the shear moduli of the material in free state, which allows the simulation of the

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