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1

Hristova, Anna H., and William C. Koller. "Early Parkinson??s Disease." Drugs & Aging 17, no. 3 (2000): 165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002512-200017030-00002.

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Alonso, Ma Elisa, Enrique Otero, Rosalinda D'Regules, and Hector Hugo Figueroa. "Parkinson's Disease: A Genetic Study." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 13, no. 3 (1986): 248–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100036362.

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ABSTRACT:A sample of 122 patients with Parkinson's Disease was studied for the purpose of investigating if the frequency of relatives affected with Parkinson in this group was higher than in a control group and to see if the genetic load was more important in some of the subtypes of Parkinson described by Barbeau and Pourcher (1982).7 In our 122 patients, we found that 1.7% were post-encephalic parkinsonian, 12.3% were symptomatic cases and 86% of the idiopathic variety. There were 16.1% early onset patients in the idiopathic group and among these we found 23.5% with a positive family history
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3

Devi, G. Naga Rama, and V. Rama Raju. "Significancy of human motor tasks during dual gate execution for uncovering Parkinson disease early." IP Indian Journal of Neurosciences 10, no. 3 (2024): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijn.2024.034.

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Parkinson’s, i.e., Parkinson diseased (PD) patients appear beyond decreased gait execution during motor dual cognitive task tests. Yet, the impact of motor cognition task difficulty in early detection of PD has not been seen scientifically. the purpose is to detect the PD very early during the gait implementation of motor`s dual-tsks. Twenty-five advanced idiopathic Parkinson`s also fourteen healthy controls recruited in this study. As per the neuroscientist, all must complete a composite motor-task with and without 3 distinct mental-tasks. Based on spatiotemporal gait parameters plus joint-ki
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4

Chhaya Baghel, Babita Dash, and Harsha Gupta. "Effect of Shashti Shali Pinda Swedan and Sahchar Tail Matra Basti in the management of Young Onset of Parkinson Disorder (YOPD) - A Case Report." Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences 8, no. 6 (2023): 258–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21760/jaims.8.6.41.

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The young onset Parkinson disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by both motor and non motor features. The diseases affect families and caregivers through its progressive degenerative effect on mobility and the muscle control.[1] The main difference between young onset of Parkinson disorder (YOPD)and the late onset of Parkinson disorder (LOPD) is genetic etiology and clinical symptoms e.g., dystonia and levodopa induced per dyskinesia are common in YOPD. YOPD person carrying a greater social economic burden compared to late onset of Parkinson disease due to age factor
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5

Karceski, S. "Early Parkinson disease and depression." Neurology 69, no. 4 (2007): E2—E3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000277528.52407.c0.

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6

Zesiewicz, Theresa A., Yarema Bezchlibnyk, Nicolas Dohse, and Shaila D. Ghanekar. "Management of Early Parkinson Disease." Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 36, no. 1 (2020): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2019.09.001.

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7

Goel, Manav, Ananda Kumar S, P. Jyotheeswari, Sangeetha R, and Sarojini Balakrishnan. "Early Detection of Parkinson Disease using Voice Data." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 11s (2023): 580–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i11s.8188.

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Parkinson’s disease affects over 10 million people worldwide, with approximately 20 percent of patients not being diagnosed. Clinical diagnosis is expensive because there are no specific tests or bio-markers, and it can take days to diagnose because it is based on a comprehensive evaluation of the individual’s symptoms. Existing research either predicts a Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale rating, uses other key Parkinsonian features to diagnose an individual, such as tapping, gait, and tremor, or focuses on different audio features. In this paper, we are focusing on using the voice aspect
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8

Nasution, Amalia Noor Zafira, Aldy S. Rambe, and Haflin Soraya Hutagalung. "Relation between Parkinson's Disease Severity and Cognitive Function with Monstreal Cognitive Assessment Indonesia." Journal of Society Medicine 2, no. 9 (2023): 296–301. https://doi.org/10.47353/jsocmed.v2i9.86.

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Introduction: Parkinson disease is a wide-spectrum disease that can be accompanied by motor and non-motor symptoms. Non-motor symtoms can occurred before the existance of motoric symptoms until the terimal stage of the disease, where cognitive disturbance is one of the non-motor symptoms that can decrease patient’s quality of life and increase patient’s disability. Therefore, early detection of the cognitive function is important for patients with parkinson disease. The aim of this study was to find the association between the severity of Parkinson’s disease and cognitive disturbance using the
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9

Parashos, Sotirios A., Sheng Luo, Kevin M. Biglan, et al. "Measuring Disease Progression in Early Parkinson Disease." JAMA Neurology 71, no. 6 (2014): 710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.391.

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10

Leupold, Dieter, Lukasz Szyc, Goran Stankovic, et al. "Melanin and Neuromelanin Fluorescence Studies Focusing on Parkinson’s Disease and Its Inherent Risk for Melanoma." Cells 8, no. 6 (2019): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8060592.

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Parkinson’s disease is associated with an increased risk of melanoma (and vice versa). Several hypotheses underline this link, such as pathways affecting both melanin and neuromelanin. For the first time, the fluorescence of melanin and neuromelanin is selectively accessible using a new method of nonlinear spectroscopy, based on a stepwise two-photon excitation. Cutaneous pigmentation and postmortem neuromelanin of Parkinson patients were characterized by fluorescence spectra and compared with controls. Spectral differences could not be documented, implying that there is neither a Parkinson fi
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11

Tassone, Annalisa, Maria Meringolo, Giulia Ponterio, Paola Bonsi, Tommaso Schirinzi, and Giuseppina Martella. "Mitochondrial Bioenergy in Neurodegenerative Disease: Huntington and Parkinson." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 8 (2023): 7221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087221.

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Strong evidence suggests a correlation between degeneration and mitochondrial deficiency. Typical cases of degeneration can be observed in physiological phenomena (i.e., ageing) as well as in neurological neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. All these pathologies have the dyshomeostasis of mitochondrial bioenergy as a common denominator. Neurodegenerative diseases show bioenergetic imbalances in their pathogenesis or progression. Huntington’s chorea and Parkinson’s disease are both neurodegenerative diseases, but while Huntington’s disease is genetic and progressive with early manifestation
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12

Ms.Vaishali, Dattatray Waje, and S. A. Bhavsar Dr. "EARLY PARKINSON'S DISEASE IDENTIFICATION FROM BRAIN MRI IMAGES USING DEEP LEARNING." Journal of the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda 59, no. 1 (I) (2025): 383–92. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15237774.

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ABSTRACTAlzheimer's disease (PD), which significantly impacts The calibre of life for millions ofelderly adults has become a major disorder that affects the brain and spinal cord globally..Effective therapy and oversight of PD rely going early detection and precise diagnosis. However,diagnosing PD has been challenging due to its similarities with other neurological disorders,leading to a 25% rate of faulty manual diagnoses.Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain has demonstrated significant promise inidentifying and diagnosing Parkinson's disease. This research suggests utilizing neural
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13

Mantri, Sneha, Michelle E. Fullard, John E. Duda, and James F. Morley. "Physical Activity in Early Parkinson Disease." Journal of Parkinson's Disease 8, no. 1 (2018): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jpd-171218.

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14

Di Paola, Rocco, and Ryan J. Uitti. "Early Detection of Parkinson??s Disease." Drugs & Aging 9, no. 3 (1996): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002512-199609030-00002.

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15

Navada, Megha, Deepshikha Mishra, Saloni Parkar, Parag Patil, and Chaitanya Jage. "Early Stage Detection of Parkinson Disease." ITM Web of Conferences 40 (2021): 03050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20214003050.

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Parkinson’s disease is a chronic neurodegenerative condition that demonstrate the progressive loss of the ability to correlate movements mainly occurs in the elderly. For the purpose of monitoring tremors in Parkinson’s disease, a system has to be designed and developed. For coordination of movements, people with Parkinson’s, deprive of a chemical called dopamine which behaves as the messenger between the brain parts and the nervous system .Detecting Parkinson’s disease is a very arduous task as there is no evidence currently present to do this. Therefore, the main intention of our work is the
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16

Stump, Elizabeth. "Early Parkinson Disease Skin Patch Approved." Neurology Today 7, no. 11 (2007): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nt.0000280854.32841.3c.

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17

Hunter, Douglas A. "Coenzyme Q10 in Early Parkinson Disease." Archives of Neurology 60, no. 8 (2003): 1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.60.8.1170-a.

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18

SUCIU, Victorița, Laura CARAVIA, Irina PETRUȘCĂ, Renee POPOVICI, Andra PINTILIE, and Sebastian DIACONESCU. "PARKINSON’S DISEASE (PD) / ATYPICAL PARKINSONIAN SYNDROMES. CLINICAL AND THERAPEUTIC CARACTHERISTICS." Romanian Journal of Medical Rehabilitation Physical Medicine and Balneoclimatology 1, no. 3 (2025): 212–15. https://doi.org/10.59277/rjmrpmb.2024.3.12.

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other neurologic conditions are now the leading cause of health loss and disability around the world, affecting nearly half of the world's population. Affecting about 1% of population older than 60 years, the PD is among common neurologic disorders, which causes progressive disability that can only be slowed, but not cured, by treatment. Once patients display symptoms like rigidity, bradykinesia, or tremor it's most probably too late for neuroprotective therapy because 70% of the dopaminergic neurons are already dead. With early preclinical diagnosis, we should be
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19

M, Sakshi, Dr Sankhya N. Nayak, Skanda G N, Shreyas R. Adiga, and Pavana R. "A Review on Detection of Parkinsons Disease Using ML Algorithms." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 3 (2023): 696–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.49497.

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Abstract: Parkinson disease prediction is an area of active research in healthcare and machine learning. Even though Parkinson's disease is not well-known worldwide, its negative impacts are detrimental and should be seriously considered. Furthermore, because individuals are so immersed in their busy lives, they frequently disregard the early signs of this condition, which could worsen as it progresses. There are many techniques for Parkinson disease prediction. In this paper we are going to discuss some of the possible technical solutions proposed by researchers
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20

Sokolov, Alexey V., Irina V. Miliukhina, Yury P. Belsky, Nataly V. Belska, and Vadim B. Vasilyev. "Potential role of lactoferrin in early diagnostics and treatment of Parkinson disease." Medical academic journal 20, no. 1 (2020): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/maj33848.

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Incidence of Parkinson disease progressively grows with increasing age and percentage of elderly people in the global population. Clear understanding of the causes of dopaminergic neurons death in Substantia nigra and Parkinson disease pathogenesis are currently absent, not speaking of an efficient therapy. However, an early diagnosis of dopaminergic neurons degeneration and prescription of dopamine replacement therapy significantly slow down the rate of symptoms progression. An increased concentration of iron in Substantia nigra of Parkinson disease patients has been shown in several studies.
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21

Karceski, Steven. "Does deep brain stimulation help early or mild Parkinson disease?About Parkinson disease." Neurology 91, no. 5 (2018): e495-e497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000005918.

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22

Selcuk, Gocmen, Demir Goksemin, Unal Ayse, Altug Filiz, and Cavlak Ugur. "Treatment strategies for patients with advanced stage parkinson’s dısease." International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports 3, no. 4 (2018): 144–50. https://doi.org/10.5455/IJMRCR.advanced-stage-parkinson-disease-treatment.

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting multiple systems and mainly related to dopaminergic deficiency in the substantia nigra resulting in bradykinesia, rigidity and rest tremor. Pharmacological treatments are very successful in the early stages of the disease, but side effects and motor complications are the main problems as the disease reaches to advanced stage. In advanced PD patients, the most disabling complication of long term L-dopa treatment is the unpredictable swings between "on" state with L-dopa induced dyskinesias and "off" state. We will re
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23

Fanciulli, Alessandra, Georg Goebel, Giulia Lazzeri, et al. "Early distinction of Parkinson‐variant multiple system atrophy from Parkinson's disease." Movement Disorders 34, no. 3 (2019): 440–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.27635.

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24

Zheng, X., Z. Zhao, and L. Zhao. "Investigating the Effect of an Anti-Inflammatory Drug in Determining NURR1 Expression and Thus Exploring the Progression of Parkinson's Disease." Physiological Research, no. 1/2024 (March 6, 2024): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33549/physiolres.935168.

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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the most widely used drugs for Parkinson’s disease (PD), of which ibuprofen shows positive effects in suppressing symptoms; however, the associated risk needs to be addressed in different pathological stages. Initially, we developed an initial and advanced stage of the Parkinson disease mouse model by intraperitoneal injection of MPTP (20 mg/kg; 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine) for 10 and 20 days, respectively. Subsequently, ibuprofen treatment was administered for 2 months, and a pole test, rotarod test, histology, immunohistochemistry, a
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25

Jager, D. H. J. "Early oral symptoms of Parkinson’s disease." Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Tandheelkunde 126, no. 07/08 (2019): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5177/ntvt.2019.07/08.19033.

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26

&NA;. "Pergolide effective in early Parkinson??s disease." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1209 (1999): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199912090-00034.

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27

&NA;. "Pramipexole effective in early Parkinson??s disease." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1096 (1997): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199710960-00013.

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&NA;. "Ropinirole helps in early Parkinson??s disease." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1109 (1997): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199711090-00040.

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29

&NA;. "Pramipexole helps in early Parkinson??s disease." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1005 (1995): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199510050-00017.

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30

Bjornestad, Anders, Ole-Bjorn Tysnes, Jan Petter Larsen, and Guido Alves. "Loss of independence in early Parkinson disease." Neurology 87, no. 15 (2016): 1599–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000003213.

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31

Fedorova, Tatyana D., Louise B. Seidelin, Karoline Knudsen, et al. "Decreased intestinal acetylcholinesterase in early Parkinson disease." Neurology 88, no. 8 (2017): 775–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000003633.

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Objective:To investigate systemic levels of acetylcholinesterase in early Parkinson disease (PD) with 11C-donepezil PET, a potential marker of parasympathetic innervation.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study with 19 patients with early-stage PD (disease duration 1.5 ± 0.6 years) and 16 age-matched controls who had clinical assessments, olfaction tests, and 11C-donepezil PET to measure acetylcholinesterase density in peripheral organs.Results:The patients with PD showed significantly reduced 11C-donepezil uptake in the small intestine (−14%, p = 0.018), colon (−22%, p < 0.001), and kidne
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32

Bowman, Gene L. "Biomarkers for early detection of Parkinson disease." Neurology 89, no. 14 (2017): 1432–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000004383.

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33

Bohnen, N. I., and R. L. Albin. "Cholinergic denervation occurs early in Parkinson disease." Neurology 73, no. 4 (2009): 256–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181b0bd3d.

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34

Stephenson, J. "Mutation Linked to Early-Onset Parkinson Disease." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 288, no. 22 (2002): 2813—b—2813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.22.2813-b.

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35

Stephenson, Joan. "Mutation Linked to Early-Onset Parkinson Disease." JAMA 288, no. 22 (2002): 2813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.22.2813-jwm20012-3-1.

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36

Berg, Daniela, Grace F. Crotty, Jessi L. Keavney, Michael A. Schwarzschild, Tanya Simuni, and Caroline Tanner. "Path to Parkinson Disease Prevention." Neurology 99, no. 7 Supplement 1 (2022): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000200793.

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Tremendous progress in our understanding of the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of the prodromal phase of Parkinson disease (PD) offers a unique opportunity to start therapeutic interventions as early as possible to slow or even stop the progression to clinically manifest motor PD. A Parkinson's Prevention Conference, “Planning for Prevention of Parkinson's: A trial design symposium and workshop” was convened to discuss all issues that need to be addressed before the launch of the first PD prevention study. In this review, we summarize the major opportunities and challenges in desi
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37

Safonova, N. Y. "Genetic aspects of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease." V.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY, no. 4-1 (December 9, 2019): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31363/2313-7053-2019-4-1-86-87.

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Non-motor symptoms are common in Parkinson`s disease and reflect the multisystem nature of the disorder. Parkinson’s disease is highly heterogeneous in early clinical features and later outcomes. This makes classifying genetic subgroups of PD relevant to clinical research and practice, particularly if they are prognostically relevant. Non-motor sypmptoms may be detrimental to patients’ functional status and sense of well-being.
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38

Wasim, Bagwan1* Shivam Kumbhar2 Aaqueeb Shaikh3 Nilesh Shinde4 Ayaj Pathan5 Sohan Kotsulwar6 Sayyed Khaled7 Mansuri Toshib8 Adnan Siddiqui9. "A Review on Treatment of Parkinson`S Disease." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 1 (2025): 2306–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14752422.

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Parkinson’s disease is indeed a complex and progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by both motor and non-motor symptoms. Management focuses primarily on palliative care, aiming to enhance quality of life over the course of the disease, which can span several decades. Device-assisted therapies, such as deep brain stimulation, apomorphine pumps, and levodopa gel intestinal infusion, have revolutionized the treatment of advanced Parkinson's disease. These interventions can help manage motor fluctuations and improve overall function. Non-motor symptoms, including neuropsychiatr
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39

Wasim, Bagwan Nilesh Shinde* Sohan Kotsulwar. "A Review on Treatment of Parkinson`S Disease." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 4 (2025): 3356–65. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15307778.

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Parkinson’s disease is indeed a complex and progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by both motor and non-motor symptoms. Management focuses primarily on palliative care, aiming to enhance quality of life over the course of the disease, which can span several decades. Device-assisted therapies, such as deep brain stimulation, apomorphine pumps, and levodopa gel intestinal infusion, have revolutionized the treatment of advanced Parkinson's disease. These interventions can help manage motor fluctuations and improve overall function. Non-motor symptoms, including neuropsychiatr
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40

Schuepbach, W. M. Michael, Lisa Tonder, Alfons Schnitzler, et al. "Quality of life predicts outcome of deep brain stimulation in early Parkinson disease." Neurology 92, no. 10 (2019): e1109-e1120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000007037.

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ObjectiveTo investigate predictors for improvement of disease-specific quality of life (QOL) after deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) for Parkinson disease (PD) with early motor complications.MethodsWe performed a secondary analysis of data from the previously published EARLYSTIM study, a prospective randomized trial comparing STN-DBS (n = 124) to best medical treatment (n = 127) after 2 years follow-up with disease-specific QOL (39-item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire summary index [PDQ-39-SI]) as the primary endpoint. Linear regression analyses of the baseline ch
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Iannaccone, S., C. Cerami, M. Alessio, et al. "In vivo microglia activation in very early dementia with Lewy bodies, comparison with Parkinson's disease." Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 19, no. 1 (2012): 47–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2012.07.002.

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Background: Reactive microgliosis, hallmark of neuroinflammation, may contribute to neuronal degeneration, as shown in several neurodegenerative diseases. We in vivo evaluated microglia activation in early dementia with Lewy bodies, still not reported, and compared with early Parkinson’s disease, to assess possible differential pathological patterns. Methods: We measured the [11C]-PK11195 binding potentials with Positron Emission Tomography, using a simplified reference tissue model, as marker of microglia activation, and cerebral spinal fluid protein carbonylati
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Paulino, Clarissa Evelyn Bandeira, Hilton Justino Da Silva, and Zulina Souza de Lira. "Dificuldade na fala como preditora do declínio cognitivo na Doença de Parkinson." Revista Neurociências 28 (August 19, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.34024/rnc.2020.v28.10506.

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No presente trabalho, apresentamos uma descrição crítica do artigo científico a seguir: Polychronis S, niccolini F, Pagano G, Yousaf T, Politis M. Speech difficulties in early de novo patients with Parkinson's disease. Parkinson Rel Dis 2019;64:256-61. Os autores relatam uma associação entre o déficit do neurotransmissor dopamina e a dificuldade na fala como preditora da progressão e do declínio cognitivo na Doença de Parkinson, avaliados por meio da neuroimagem e escalas de sintomas clínicos. Com base nos achados desse estudo, discutimos acerca de como essas questões podem influenciar na aten
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43

Tohanean, Nicoleta, and Lacramioara Perju Dumbrava. "Olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson’ disease diagnosis." Romanian Journal of Neurology 11, no. 3 (2012): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjn.2012.3.2.

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Parkinson’s disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder of unknown cause and with inevitably progressive character. The disease has a long preclinical period-premotor phase when the nonmotor symptoms are in the first plan and when is the time which neuroprotective therapy should start. One important biomarker for the premotor phase of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease is olfactory dysfunction. This deficit is frequent, significant, small-changes once motor features are evident and it is independent of motor and cognitive status and medication use. Smell loss affects all areas of olfaction and
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44

Bertucci Filho, Délcio, Hélio A. G. Teive, and Lineu C. Werneck. "Early-onset Parkinson's disease and depression." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 65, no. 1 (2007): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2007000100003.

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Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) in whom symptoms start before the age of 45 years (EOPD) present different clinical characteristics from those with the late-onset form of the disease. The incidence of depression is believed to be greater in patients with EOPD than with the late-onset form of the disease, although there is no risk factor or marker for depression in patients with PD. We studied 45 patients with EOPD to define the frequency of depression and to identify possible differences between the groups with and without depression. Depression was diagnosed in 16 (35.5%) of the patien
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45

Bäckström, David, Gabriel Granåsen, Magdalena Eriksson Domellöf, et al. "Early predictors of mortality in parkinsonism and Parkinson disease." Neurology 91, no. 22 (2018): e2045-e2056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000006576.

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ObjectiveTo examine mortality and associated risk factors, including possible effects of mild cognitive impairment, imaging, and CSF abnormalities, in a community-based population with incident parkinsonism and Parkinson disease.MethodsOne hundred eighty-two patients with new-onset, idiopathic parkinsonism were diagnosed from January 2004 through April 2009, in a catchment area of 142,000 inhabitants in Sweden. Patients were comprehensively investigated according to a multimodal research protocol and followed prospectively for up to 13.5 years. A total of 109 patients died. Mortality rates in
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46

Lokman, Kiran. "LUMBAR SPINAL STENOSIS FUSION SURGERY IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE: A CASE REPORT." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES OF NORTHERN LIGHTS 2, no. 2 (2022): 31–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7477618.

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Parkinson's disease is a nervous system disorder that progressively affects and impairs movement. Spinal stenosis is more common in these patients due to spinal deformities and motor movement disorders. In addition, osteoporosis is more common in Parkinson's disease than in the general population. Lumbar decompression and fusion surgery is a frequently used surgical technique in lumbar degenerative spine diseases. In this case, it is aimed to present early spinal instability due to osteoporosis and posture after spinal fusion surgery in Parkinson's disease.
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Nizami Huseyn, Elcin. "DEEP LEARNING METHOD FOR EARLY PROGNOSIS OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE ACUTENESS." NATURE AND SCIENCE 02, no. 03 (2020): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2707-1146/03/7-12.

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Generally, Parkinson’s disease (PD) in medicine is a long-term neurodegenerative and progressive disorder. In some brain parts, as the dopamine generating neurons die or they are damaged. Then people begin to have difficulty in walking, writing, speaking or making other basic missions Some of the indications of the disease worsen over time and thus result in increased acuteness of Parkinson's disease. We have proposed a methodology for the prognosis of Parkinson’s disease acuteness. In this scientific article, we used deep neural networks in UCI's Parkinson's telemonitoring voice dataset patie
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Pagano, Gennaro, Sotirios Polychronis, Heather Wilson, et al. "Diabetes mellitus and Parkinson disease." Neurology 90, no. 19 (2018): e1654-e1662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000005475.

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ObjectiveTo investigate whether diabetes mellitus is associated with Parkinson-like pathology in people without Parkinson disease and to evaluate the effect of diabetes mellitus on markers of Parkinson pathology and clinical progression in drug-naive patients with early-stage Parkinson disease.MethodsWe compared 25 patients with Parkinson disease and diabetes mellitus to 25 without diabetes mellitus, and 14 patients with diabetes mellitus and no Parkinson disease to 14 healthy controls (people with no diabetes mellitus or Parkinson disease). The clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was conf
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Schelosky, L., Th Benke, and W. Poewe. "Lack of Selective Vulnerability to Anticholinergic Induced Cognitive Impairment in Early Parkinson’s Disease." Behavioural Neurology 4, no. 2 (1991): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1991/659139.

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Thirteen patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease of recent onset (mean age 63·2 years) and a group of 10 young healthy volunteers (mean age 26·1 years) underwent a series of neuropsychological tests for assessment of memory, learning ability and mental processing speed before and during treatment with trihexyphenidyl. Retesting after anticholinergic exposure (mean of 2 weeks for patients and 1 week for controls) revealed in young healthy controls the same pattern and magnitude of decline in memory function as in Parkinson patients. Non-demented subjects with Parkinson's disease of recent
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Mollenhauer, Brit, Chelsea J. Caspell-Garcia, Christopher S. Coffey, et al. "Longitudinal CSF biomarkers in patients with early Parkinson disease and healthy controls." Neurology 89, no. 19 (2017): 1959–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000004609.

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Objective:To analyze longitudinal levels of CSF biomarkers in drug-naive patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and healthy controls (HC), examine the extent to which these biomarker changes relate to clinical measures of PD, and identify what may influence them.Methods:CSF α-synuclein (α-syn), total and phosphorylated tau (t- and p-tau), and β-amyloid 1–42 (Aβ42) were measured at baseline and 6 and 12 months in 173 patients with PD and 112 matched HC in the international multicenter Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative. Baseline clinical and demographic variables, PD medications, neuroimag
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