Relevant bibliographies by topics / Economic policy response

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Economic policy response'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 2 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Economic policy response"

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Shukla, Rashmi. "Economic Crisis and Policy Response." IIMS Journal of Management Science 7, no. 1 (2016): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-173x.2016.00003.8.

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EICHENGREEN, BARRY. "Economic History and Economic Policy." Journal of Economic History 72, no. 2 (2012): 289–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050712000034.

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“The lessons of history” were widely invoked in 2008/09 as analysts and policymakers sought to make sense of the global financial crisis. Specifically, analogies with the early stages of the Great Depression of the 1930s were widely drawn. Building on work in cognitive science and literature on foreign policy making, this article seeks to account for the influence of this particular historical analogy and asks how it shaped both perceptions and the economic policy response. It asks how historical scholarship might be better organized to inform the process of economic policymaking. It concludes
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Doraisami, Anita. "Economic crisis and policy response in Malaysia: the role of the new economic policy." Asian-Pacific Economic Literature 26, no. 2 (2012): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8411.2012.01348.x.

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Агакишиев, З. И. "Economic policy response to the pandemic situation and assessment of economic regulation policy in Azerbaijan." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 2(127) (April 11, 2021): 76–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2021.127.2.011.

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Мы являемся свидетелями глобального кризиса в области здравоохранения, в отли чие от любого кризиса прошлого века, который распространяется на человеческие страдания и влия ет на повседневную жизнь людей. Мы можем откровенно сказать, что это гораздо больше, чем отме ченный кризис здравоохранения. Это экономический, гуманитарный и расширенный социальный кризис. Как правило, смягчение условий финансирования повышает спрос, побуждая фирмы брать кредиты и инвестировать, а домохозяйства -увеличивать будущий доход и потреблять больше. В неспокойные времена меры денежно-кредитной политики также устра
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Sen, Sedef, and Colin M. Barry. "Economic globalization and the economic policy positions of parties." Party Politics 26, no. 2 (2018): 154–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354068818761179.

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Does economic globalization influence the economic policy positions adopted by political parties in democratic countries? In this article, we identify multiple pathways through which market integration might induce ideological change among both left and right parties. Utilizing data from 51 countries between 1970 and 2014, we evaluate the degree to which leftist and rightist economic ideologies, respectively, are present in parties’ platforms. We find that traditionally leftist positions are increasingly adopted by parties on both the right and the left in response to globalization. The eviden
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Morda, Pavel. "Economic policy response to internal and external shocks." Český finanční a účetní časopis 2020, no. 1 (2020): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.cfuc.543.

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Balcilar, Mehmet, Rangan Gupta, and Charl Jooste. "South Africa’s economic response to monetary policy uncertainty." Journal of Economic Studies 44, no. 2 (2017): 282–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-07-2015-0131.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the evolution of monetary policy uncertainty and its impact on the South African economy. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a sign restricted SVAR with an endogenous feedback of stochastic volatility to evaluate the sign and size of uncertainty shocks. The authors use a nonlinear DSGE model to gain deeper insights about the transmission mechanism of monetary policy uncertainty. Findings The authors show that monetary policy volatility is high and constant. Both inflation and interest rates decline in response to uncertainty. Output reboun
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Ulyukaev, A. "Challenges of Russian economic development and government economic policy." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 6 (June 20, 2016): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2016-6-36-44.

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The article analyzes the problems faced by the Russian economy, and response by the government economic policy. The author considers measures to address four key tasks that will maximize long-term economic growth: the reduction of direct and transaction costs, creation of conditions for the transformation of savings into investments, fostering investment activity through the mechanisms of state support, as well as the removal of demand constraints.
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Fox, Ashley, and Heeun Kim. "HIV policy legacies, pandemic preparedness and policy effort to address COVID-19." PLOS Global Public Health 3, no. 6 (2023): e0001767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001767.

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That the world was unprepared for a major infectious disease outbreak is now readily apparent to all credible observers. However, some countries were more prepared than others and we have seen a variety of responses to COVID-19 emerge across nations. While recognizing that the sources of variation in country responses to COVID-19 are many and varied, in this study we seek to examine how policy legacies from national responses to HIV have influenced countries’ responses to COVID-19. The aim of this study was to examine whether countries with a more conducive HIV policy environment were better p
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Jahan-Parvar, Mohammad R., Yuriy Kitsul, Jamil Rahman, and Beth Anne Wilson. "Foreign economic policy uncertainty and U.S. equity returns." International Finance Discussion Paper, no. 1401 (December 2024): 1–40. https://doi.org/10.17016/ifdp.2024.1401.

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We document that foreign economic policy uncertainty (EPUF) has significant incremental predictive power for excess U.S. stock returns in the presence of domestic EPU, both in aggregate and for returns of portfolios constructed on firm characteristics, for 6 to 12-months-ahead horizons. We find that EPUF shocks primarily transmit to equity prices through cash flow news rather than the discount rate news channel. We examine whether responses of select macro-financial variables to an adverse EPUF shock are consistent with this transmission mechanism. Corporate investment outlays, payouts, and ag
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Economic policy response"

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Nsanzabaganwa, Monique. "Uncertainty and private sector response to economic development policy in post-genocide Rwanda." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71932.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research explored factors underlying successful implementation of development policy. It applied new institutional economic analysis to policy-making processes viewed from the theory, methodology and practice perspectives. Two important results came out of the analysis. Firstly, policy performance depends on private actors’ optimization processes that may or may not end up in conflict with the policy prescriptions. This constitutes a major source of uncertainty. Secondly, getting the policy content right is a necessary
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Pena, Ricardo. "Jumping Between Extremes: Economic Policy and Popular Response in Venezuela." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1453.

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Venezuela experienced one of the most dramatic political transformations of the twentieth century. After initially developing a system of representative democracy hailed among the most resilient in the Western Hemisphere in the 1950s, the country endured wave after wave of economic turmoil until, in 1998, Hugo Chávez was elected to the office of the Venezuelan presidency, fundamentally altering the governmental structure of the country and contributing to the desperate economic conditions Venezuela finds itself in today. This thesis attempts to explain the societal factors that led to Chávez’s
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Shyu, Mina A. "China’s Policy Response to the 2008 Financial Crisis: Analysis and Evaluation." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1304965822.

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Antonakakis, Nikolaos, Ioannis Chatziantoniou, and George Filis. "Dynamic Spillovers of Oil Price Shocks and Economic Policy Uncertainty." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2014. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4082/1/wp166.pdf.

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This study examines the dynamic relationship between changes in oil prices and the economic policy uncertainty index for a sample of both net oil-exporting and net oil-importing countries over the period 1997:01-2013:06. To achieve that, we extend the Diebold and Yilmaz (2009, 2012) dynamic spillover index using structural decomposition. The results reveal that economic policy uncertainty (oil price shocks) responds negatively to aggregate demand oil price shocks (economic policy uncertainty shocks). Furthermore, during the Great Recession of 2007-2009, total spillovers increase considerably
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Heinisch, Reinhard. "Response to an experiment: the Sandinista model of socialism and the US policy towards it." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45795.

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<p>The current policy of the Reagan administration is designed to overthrow the Sandinist system in Nicaragua. The Nicaraguan revolution has produced a fascinating model of Socialism, in which the Sandinistas are trying to combine elements of pragmatic Marxism, Catholic humanism and revolutionary nationalism. In the first three years after the revolution, the Sandinist government was fairly successful and the country made enormous social and political progress. In 1983 Nicaragua entered a severe systemic crisis, which has been aggravated by the economic and military policy of the Reagan admin
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Gray, James Katon. "The Groundnut Market in Senegal: Examination of Price and Policy Changes." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28143.

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The Government of Senegal is attempting to liberalize the groundnut market. In the past, this market was highly regulated with government-set producer prices, groundnut oil processing mills owned by parastatals, and requirements that all groundnuts be sold to these quasi-governmental organizations. In recent years, these rules are being relaxed, and farmers are allowed to sell groundnuts on the open market. However, farmers continue to sell most of their groundnuts, as before, to the mills. This study attempts to shed light on the effects of this market liberalization. First, an attempt is ma
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Nguyen, Thi Thanh Hai. "Understanding human rights and corporate responsibility: Vietnam's response to global pressure." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12689.

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This study examines the status of corporate human rights responsibility as an emerging concern in Vietnam. The introduction of Doi Moi policy in 1986 has enhanced Vietnam’s economic development and integration into the global economy. On the one hand, the increased foreign investment and corporate activity that resulted from the transition of a closed and planned economy to a market-based system have improved human rights in Vietnam, particularly economic and social rights. On the other hand, the boom in business activity has significantly increased the risk and incidence of human rights viola
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Hallam, Adrienne Louise, and n/a. "Globalisation, Human Genomic Research and the Shaping of Health: An Australian Perspective." Griffith University. School of Science, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040812.114745.

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This thesis examines one of the premier "big science" projects of the contemporary era - the globalised genetic mapping and sequencing initiative known as the Human Genome Project (HGP), and how Australia has responded to it. The study focuses on the relationship between the HGP, the biomedical model of health, and globalisation. It seeks to examine the ways in which the HGP shapes ways of thinking about health; the influence globalisation has on this process; and the implications of this for smaller nations such as Australia. Adopting a critical perspective grounded in political economy, t
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Ricci, E. C. "THE ECONOMIC AND CO2 MITIGATION POTENTIAL OF THE INNOVATION OF THE POWER NETWORK.A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF SUPER-GRIDS AND SMART-GRIDS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/171115.

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Current power systems have remained qualitatively similar to how the were in the last century, especially with respect to the interaction with the end-users. Though present global challenges are putting pressure and questioning their architecture. The increasing demand for electricity - that has become an essential commodity, fundamental for all activities of today's lifestyle - coupled with the concerns about climate change and the need to improve the quality and reliability of the provision urge a modernization of the network. A modernization that needs: to be low carbon, to be reliability a
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McCoy, Elaine. "Economic crisis and state autonomy : a comparative study of the policy responses of the United States, Britain and Australia, 1967-1982 /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm1311.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Politics, 1987.<br>18 col. transparencies with accompanying notes in v. 2 endpocket, 1 - in leaf 170 (v. 1) pocket. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 538-579).
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Books on the topic "Economic policy response"

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Neary, J. Peter. External shocks, policy response and economic performance. London School of Economics,Centre for Economic Performance, 1994.

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Roy, Lachlan S. Dollar depreciation: Economic effects and policy response. Nova Science Publisher's, 2011.

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Neary, J. Peter. External shocks, policy response and economic performance. University College Dublin, Department of Political Economy, 1993.

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Amalesh, Banerjee, and Arunachalam R, eds. Indian economic reform and response of states. Kanishka Publishers, Distributors, 2007.

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Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad., ed. Corporate response to economic reforms in India. Indian Institute of Management, 1999.

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B, Unger, and Waarden Frans van 1950-, eds. Convergence or diversity?: Internationalization and economic policy response. Avebury, 1995.

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Alberta. Premier's Council on Science and Technology. Response to Toward 2000 together. Premier's Council on Science and Technology, 1992.

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Alberta. Premier's Council on Science and Technology., ed. Response to toward 2000 together. Alberta Premier's Council on Science and Technology, 1992.

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Institute of Policy Studies (Islāmābād, Pakistan), ed. Pakistan's economic challenges and the government response. Institute of Policy Studies, 1992.

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Florangel, Rosario-Braid, ed. Development issues: Constitutional response. National Book Store, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Economic policy response"

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Schild, Joachim, and Dirk H. Schmidt. "The European response." In EU and US Foreign Economic Policy Responses to China. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003283904-4.

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Schild, Joachim, and Dirk H. Schmidt. "The US response." In EU and US Foreign Economic Policy Responses to China. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003283904-5.

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Iversen, Tor. "Clinical Response Of Salaried Consultants To Economic Incentives." In Developments in Health Economics and Public Policy. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5681-7_7.

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Adams, David, Lynne Russell, and Clare Taylor-Russell. "The Response of Land Use Policy to Economic Restructuring." In Land for Industrial Development. Taylor & Francis, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203857700-5.

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Byttebier, Koen. "Initial (State) Response to Covid-19." In Economic and Financial Law & Policy – Shifting Insights & Values. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92901-5_2.

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Goldmann, Matthias. "Human rights and democracy in economic policy reform: the European COVID-19 response under scrutiny." In Human Rights and Economic Policy Reform. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003174912-3.

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Aref, Ahmed. "Social Justice Under COVID-19: A Comparative Study of Health and Socioeconomic Policy Responses in the Arab Mashreq and the Arab Gulf." In Gulf Studies. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7796-1_7.

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AbstractThis chapter provides a critical overview on the patterns of health and socioeconomic policy responses in the Arab Mashreq and the GCC countries, from a social justice perspective. The social stratification and inheriting inequality in the Arab Mashreq affected the policy response, by favoring the economic support to big businesses, and depriving the poor from accessing quality health care, which shaped a class-based recovery. However, this disparity in the GCC policy responses in the health sector did not exist, since high-quality health care was provided to all. Moreover, the economi
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Andreosso-O’Callaghan, Bernadette. "The Covid-19 Monetary and Fiscal Response in the Euro-Area and the EU." In Economic Policy and the Covid-19 Crisis. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003153603-5.

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Mohl, Philipp. "Impact on Regional Economic Growth II: A Dose-Response Approach." In Empirical Evidence on the Macroeconomic Effects of EU Cohesion Policy. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-13852-3_4.

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Byttebier, Koen. "Monetary Response to and Financial Implications of Covid-19." In Economic and Financial Law & Policy – Shifting Insights & Values. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92901-5_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Economic policy response"

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Chen, Jince, Yuanyuan Li, Chengmai Zhang, and Yufei Ye. "Policy Response After the Great Financial Crisis." In 2022 7th International Conference on Financial Innovation and Economic Development (ICFIED 2022). Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.220307.454.

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Syarifuddin, Ferry. "The Exchange Rate Volatility in Indonesia and Policy Response." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00886.

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High fluctuation of exchange rate in short horizon is obviously making economic activity more risky as uncertainty rises. Moreover, volatile exchange rates also make commodity prices, interest rates and a host of other variables more volatile as well. Although changes in long-run exchange rates tend to undergo relatively gradual shifts, in the shorter horizon, the exchange rate might be very volatile. Then there should be a systematic and measured policy to mitigate the foreign exchange fluctuations and to minimize the fluctuations as well as to drive it to its fundamental value. In this part,
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Csápai, Ádám. "Analyzing the Interactions of Monetary and Fiscal Policy in a Small Open Economy Using a DSGE Model." In EDAMBA 2021 : 24th International Scientific Conference for Doctoral Students and Post-Doctoral Scholars. University of Economics in Bratislava, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53465/edamba.2021.9788022549301.63-72.

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The principal aim of this paper is to estimate a small open economy dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with monetary and fiscal policy and analyze the interaction of these policies in Hungary. In the paper we present the model in a log-linearized form. We combine both calibration and Bayesian estimation to obtain parameter values of the model. We find that the model is suitable for impulse response analysis, so we estimate the impulse response functions of the model. We examine how five endogenous variables – namely output, inflation, the nominal interest rate, government spen
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Tolstel, Marina, Rustam Yalmaev, and Maxim Pridachuk. "The Financial Policy of Outstripping Growth under Conditions of Russian Regions' Social and Economic Developmentrs Asymmetry." In International Scientific Conference "Competitive, Sustainable and Secure Development of the Regional Economy: Response to Global Challenges" (CSSDRE 2018). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/cssdre-18.2018.139.

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Meng, Yingying, and Dasong Deng. "Effective Coordination and Response Measures of Public Economic Policy under the Financial Crisis in China." In 2010 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2010.5577582.

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Bishev, Gligor, Aleksandar Stojkov, and Fatmir Besimi. "FISCAL POLICIES IN PANDEMIC TIMES: EUROPEAN EXPERIENCES." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2021.0007.

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The pandemic recession was fundamentally different from ordinary recessions, and thus required a different policy response. We review the empirical literature on fiscal consolidation and fiscal multipliers. Then, we assess the impact of fiscal policies on the pace of recovery and public debt sustainability. A premature or a strong fiscal consolidation might result in lower rates of economic growth and elevated public debt as a share of GDP. We critically analyze different adjustment paths across Europe and offer policy-relevant recommendations. The issue is particularly relevant for countries
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Leković, Miljan, and Sonja Milutinović. "TOURISM POLICY CHALLENGES AMID COVID-19." In The Sixth International Scientific Conference - TOURISM CHALLENGES AMID COVID-19, Thematic Proceedings. FACULTY OF HOTEL MANAGEMENT AND TOURISM IN VRNJAČKA BANJA UNIVERSITY OF KRAGUJEVAC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52370/tisc21382ml.

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The COVID-19 pandemic devastated tourist turnover and caused a crisis of unprecedented proportions in the tourism economy. The strong impact of the pandemic on the tourism sector requires even stronger response of tourism policy, whose primary task is to mitigate the negative effects of the pandemic and, firstly, to propose measures to support the current tourism sector, and then measures aimed at recovering this activity and increasing its flexibility and resistance to future challenges. In this regard, the aim of the paper is to emphasize the importance of effective and responsible tourism p
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Černohorská, Liběna, Jana Janderová, and Veronika Procházková. "Monetary Policy Before and After the Financial Crisis and Its Economic and Legislative Impacts – Case of The Czech Republic." In 2nd International Conference on Business, Management and Finance. Acavent, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/2nd.icbmf.2019.11.775.

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The article analyses monetary policy response to the world financial crisis and focuses more closely on the monetary policy of the Czech National Bank (CNB) at this time. Until 2007, the implementation of monetary policy in OECD countries was perceived very positively. However, the financial crisis has clearly shown that the world’s financial markets are highly interconnected, and this can have a major impact on individual national economies. Therefore, the monetary policy strategy has changed from a policy based on the so-called flexible inflation targeting. Ensuring price stability is emphas
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Luo, Yining. "The Response of Chinese Private Education Organizations to the “Double Reduction” Policy: Evidence from New Oriental and TAL." In 2022 7th International Conference on Financial Innovation and Economic Development (ICFIED 2022). Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.220307.228.

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Venn, Ruth. "“Unsustainable pressure”: A critical discourse analysis of the UK ‘anti-obesity’ policy response ‘Better Health’ during the COVID-19 pandemic." In 10th Annual International Weight Stigma Conference. Weight Stigma Conference, 2024. https://doi.org/10.31076/2024.p15.

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This analysis forms part of an ongoing PhD research project that is a critical response to ‘anti-obesity’ policy in England. It examines how neoliberal ‘obesity’ policies may intentionally curate and propagate weight stigma to distract citizens from an array of socio-economic causes of ill health. In the UK larger bodied individuals are subjected to portrayal as an ‘economic burden’, and a drain on NHS resources. To understand the impact that UK obesity policy has on the health and wellbeing of citizens from differing intersectional positions of inequality, weight stigma is re-conceptualised a
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Reports on the topic "Economic policy response"

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Majeed, Omer, Jonathan Hambur, and Robert Breunig. Do Monetary Policy and Economic Conditions Impact Innovation? Evidence from Australian Administrative Data. Reserve Bank of Australia, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rdp2024-01.

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Recent papers have argued that monetary policy and economic conditions can influence the amount of innovative activity in the economy, and therefore productivity and living standards in the future. This paper examines whether this is the case for Australia, a small open economy that tends to import innovation from overseas. We find that contractionary (expansionary) monetary policy reduces (increases) aggregate research and development (R&amp;D) spending, and that lower (higher) R&amp;D spending reduces (increases) future productivity. However, using firm-level data and a broader survey measur
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Diakonova, Marina, Corinna Ghirelli, and Juan Quiñónez. Economic Policy Uncertainty in Central America and the Dominican Republic. Banco de España, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/37524.

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The advent of Big Data and computational tools has transformed macroeconomic analysis, introducing real-time, high-frequency text-based indicators such as the economic policy uncertainty (EPU) index pioneered by Baker et al. (2016). However, constructing the EPU index for developing economies remains a challenge, mostly due to limited press coverage. Our study focuses on the Central American region, comprising Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama and the Dominican Republic (CAPADR). We construct country-specific EPU indices using a combination of local and regional s
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Ahmed, Saira, Vaqar Ahmed, Marjorie Alain, and Karine Gatellier. Improving the Fiscal Policy Response to Covid-19 in Pakistan. Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/core.2022.003.

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The Covid-19 pandemic and related restrictions have had profound socioeconomic impacts worldwide. Governments have been faced with responding urgently to mitigate such effects, especially for the most vulnerable. Covid-19 Responses for Equity (CORE) partner Partnership for Economic Policy (PEP) – a Southernled organisation which believes that evidence produced from an in-country perspective, by empowered and engaged local researchers and policymakers, results in better policy choices – has been working closely with policymakers in Pakistan to assess the Covid-19 impacts and the effectiveness o
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Clayton, Khamal, and David Rosenblatt. Searching for a Safe Harbor: Fiscal Policy Responses in Small Island Developing States. Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012868.

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Over the last two decades, there has been a growing empirical literature to test whether governments fiscal policies systematically respond to changes in the level of debt-to-GDP. Most research has focused on advanced and emerging economies and has overlooked developing countries, especially small island developing states (SIDS). While Caribbean fiscal reaction functions have been estimated in the literature, this paper fills a gap by broadly including all SIDS in the analysis. We find that weak fiscal sustainability has been maintained, but mostly due to the more recent period of the analysis
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Baldwin, Katherine, Brian R. Williams, Christopher Sichko, et al. U.S. agricultural policy review, 2022. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2023.8134363.ers.

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This is the 2022 edition of the annual series documenting developments in U.S. agricultural policies, with a focus on policies related to production agriculture, agrofood value chains, and food and nutrition assistance. Developments related to production agriculture include temporary assistance programs in response to extreme weather and the continuing effects of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic; changes to standing farm programs, including commodity programs, conservation programs, credit programs, and crop insurance; the development of new programs, including the Partnerships for Climate-
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Crafts, Nicholas, Emma Duchini, Roland Rathelot, et al. Economic challenges and success in the post-COVID era: A CAGE Policy Report. Edited by Mirko Draca. CAGE Research Centre, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/978-1-911675-01-3.

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In 2008 there was an expectation of major reform to social and economic structures following the financial crisis. The European Union (EU) referendum of 2016, and the UK’s subsequent exit from the EU in 2020, was also signalled as a turning point that would bring about epochal change. Now, in the waning of the coronavirus pandemic, we are experiencing a similar rhetoric. There is widespread agreement that the pandemic will usher in big changes for the economy and society, with the potential for major policy reform. But what will be the long-term impacts of the pandemic on the UK economy? Is th
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Bordo, Michael D., and Edward S. Prescott. Federal Reserve Structure, Economic Ideas, and Banking Policy During the "Quiet Period" in Banking. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202501.

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We evaluate the decentralized structure of the Federal Reserve System as a mechanism for generating and processing new ideas on banking policy in the 1950s and 1960s. We document that demand for research and analysis was driven by banking industry developments and legal changes that required the Federal Reserve and other banking regulatory agencies to develop guidelines for bank mergers. In response to these developments, the Board and the Reserve Banks hired industrial organization economists and young economists out of graduate school who brought in the leading theory of industrial organizat
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Durand-Lasserve, Olivier, and Fatih Karanfil. Fiscal Policy in Oil and Gas-Exporting Economies: Good Times, Bad Times and Ugly Times. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2023-dp11.

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Revenues from oil and gas exports represent an important source of government budgets in some emerging countries. At the same time, these revenues fluctuate considerably due to changing global economic conditions and energy prices. Economic theory prescribes that governments should try to stabilize their economies by saving windfall oil and gas revenues and spending them in periods of price downturns. However, oil- and gas-exporting countries often run procyclical policies, that is, they increase spending during windfall periods and reduce it in the event of a shortfall, which may result in se
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Venables, Anthony J. Regional Disparities in Regional Blocs: Theory and Policy. Inter-American Development Bank, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011146.

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The objectives of this paper are to explore the forces that may create disparities within a regional bloc and to assess their implications for policy. The thesis we will argue is that it is quite possible for regional integration to create disparities. Indeed, we expect it to encourage differences in the economic structures of countries, and should not be surprised if these are sometimes also associated with difference in factor prices and income levels. However, the policy response to such integration induced disparities is, loosely stated, more integration. This paper was prepared for the In
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Montiel, Peter J., and Eduardo Fernández-Arias. Crisis Response in Latin America: Is the "Rainy Day" at Hand? Inter-American Development Bank, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010915.

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This paper examines the countercyclical policy options available to Latin American countries in the face of the current global economic crisis, concluding that most of the major countries in the region appear to possess the fiscal space (as measured by credible fiscal sustainability and debt headroom) to run prudent countercyclical fiscal deficits. Those countries should undertake a constrained fiscal expansion focused on productive public spending and financed by rainy day fundslarge stocks of foreign exchange reserves that they have accumulated during recent yearsrather than by market borrow
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