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Journal articles on the topic 'Economic relations with Germany'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 29 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Tlemissova, Zh, and A. Mamyrbekov. "Cultural relations of Kazakhstan and Germany: the case of the German diaspora (1991-2020)." Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Historical Sciences. Philosophy. Religion Series 140, no. 3 (2022): 106–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2022-140-106-121.

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Since independence, the Republic of Kazakhstan has been pursuing a multi-vector policy with Western countries. The main directions are aimed at politics, economics, and the cultural and humanitarian sphere. Our country has established relations with Western countries, including Germany. Bilateral cooperation is a priority and enhances mutually beneficial partnerships between the two states. Economic relations and political integration as an impulse of the new time are a model for all states of the modern world. In addition, the strategic partnership between Kazakhstan and Germany is constantly

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Aksenov, I. "Russia — Germany: trends in economic relations." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2007-05.

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The article discusses current and prospective directions of development of Russian-German trade and economic relations. The article defines the specifics of interaction between Russia and Germany in the framework of environmental problems and safe waste disposal. The article reflects the peculiarities of the organization of investment partnership as a separate type of economic cooperation between countries. The prospects of relations between Russia and Germany in the field of training and retraining of personnel are revealed.

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Kakhorova, Zabarjad. "RELATIONS BETWEEN UZBEKISTAN AND GERMANY: STAGES OF FORMATION OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS." International Journal Of History And Political Sciences 4, no. 1 (2024): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijhps/volume04issue01-06.

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Of particular importance are the relations of the Republic of Uzbekistan with countries of the world, diplomatic relations, economic and investment cooperation, relations between countries in the cultural and humanitarian spheres. The Republic of Uzbekistan and the Federal Republic of Germany have one of the most important and complex bilateral relations. Coordination and intensive implementation of the programs of cooperation of the Republic of Uzbekistan with the Federal Republic of Germany in political,economic, scientific and technical and cultural spheres, formation of a mutually benefici

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Malik, Hasan Yaser. "Contextualising Germen Involvement in CPEC through Wakhan Corridor and Gwadar Port as an Diplo-Economic Opportunity." Economics, Law and Policy 2, no. 1 (2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/elp.v2n1p73.

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<em>Since seventh, eighteenth, nineteenth century Germany is maintaining diplomatic relations with China, Afghanistan and five Central Asian Republics respectively in Asian Region. Main facets of German interests in Asian Region have been diplomatic, economic and social development. Germans as a nation have always proved their worth by successfully dealing the challenges and rising to the status of a strong nation. Presently Germany is the biggest European economic power and is asserting to enhance it’s economic and diplomatic relations in Indo-Pacific and Asian Region. Apart from establ

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Sinambela, Stivani Ismawira. "Bilateral Relations Through Conflict And Cooperation: German’s Dilemma Over Russia." Jurnal PIR : Power in International Relations 7, no. 1 (2022): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22303/pir.7.1.2022.70-82.

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<p>Since the outbreak of the Ukraine crisis and the implementation of the EU sanctions regime against Russia, Germany took up a leading role in the coordination of the EU’s Russia policy. This policy shift appeared to be a drastic departure from the traditional German <em>Ostpolitik</em> paradigm. Central to this analysis is the concept of geo-economics, which can be broadly defined as the “geostrategic use of economic power”. This article aims to examine how geo-economics influences Germany’s leadership of the EU’s Russia policy, with a particular focus on the study of Germa

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Golik, Katarzyna. "W trójkącie współzależności. Relacje gospodarcze Polski z Niemcami i Chinami oraz ich znaczenie polityczne." Rocznik Polsko-Niemiecki, no. 29 (September 14, 2021): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/rpn.2021.29.06.

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In the following text I will analyse the selected aspects of economic relations between Poland, Germany and China. I am going to compare elements of discourse with political actions and, above all, with economic realities. Clearly in economic terms, Chinese direction is not an alternative to Germany for Poland, but it may become a necessity in terms of diversification of international economic relations. Particularly in the context of forthcoming electromobility revolution, the crisis could affect the German automobile industry, spilling over into other sectors related to Poland’s export. In t

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Bruzzi Curi, Luiz Felipe, Danilo Barolo Martins De Lima, and Vinícius Bivar Marra Pereira. "GERMAN ECONOMIC STRATEGIES FOR BRAZIL: AUTARKY AND EXTENDED ECONOMIC SPACE IN THE 1930s." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 37, no. 3 (2019): 479–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610919000119.

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ABSTRACTThis paper addresses the relationship between the development of the concepts of autarky and «economy of the extended space» in the German-speaking world and the framing of economic relations between Germany and Brazil in the 1930s. According to this «autarkic» way of conceiving economics, in order to thrive, an economy has to be autonomous regarding its supply of necessary inputs. Proposals presented in the Annual Reports transmitted to the German Foreign Office by German diplomatic representatives in Brazil encouraged, for example, the negotiation of bilateral trade agreements and th

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Jeong, Daehoon, and Thomas Eichert Thomas Eichert. "Research Trends of Korean-German Relation History since 2001." Korean Society For German History 56 (August 30, 2024): 5–64. https://doi.org/10.17995/kjgs.2024.8.56.5.

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This paper reviews the trends in the study of Korean-German relations published in Korean, German, and English since 2001. Since Joseon and Germany established diplomatic relations in 1883, Korean-German relations have continued for 140 years. In particular, after World War II, both countries formed a bond of sympathy by sharing the experience of forced division. This led to the early start of the study of Korean-German relations. If we limit ourselves to the year 2001, there are approximately 120 studies in Korean on Korean-German relations. Of these, about 80 are in German and English. This

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9

Forsberg, Tuomas. "Economic Incentives, Ideas, and the End of the Cold War: Gorbachev and German Unification." Journal of Cold War Studies 7, no. 2 (2005): 142–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/1520397053630556.

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Focusing on Gorbachev and German unification, this article shows how the effectiveness of economic aid depends on ideas decision-makers hold about economics and identity. German economic statecraft worked in securing Gorbachev's support for German unification solely because of a specific set of ideas that animated Soviet decision-makers during that period. The weakness of the Soviet economy made economic assistance from Germany attractive, but Gorbachev did not bargain hard over the amount of aid because he thought it would ruin an anticipated close partnership with Germany in the future. The

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10

Ulatowski, Rafał. "Außenpolitik Deutschlands aus der Perspektive der Geo-Ökonomie." Przegląd Europejski, no. 4-2014 (March 22, 2015): 132–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/1641-2478pe.4.14.4.

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The aim of this paper is to assess how far the German foreign policy follows the principles of the theory of geo-economy. The paper has the following structure. First, the theory of geo-economy will be presented. Second, the characteristics of three debates relating to the German foreign policy will be pointed out. Third, German policy during the Euro crisis will be analysed. Fourth, the development of the relations between Germany and the new powers will be assessed. This paper supports the thesis that geo-economic strategy is beneficial for Germany.

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11

Kuzmina, V. M., and M. A. Parkhomchuk. "Russian-German Economic Relations in the Context of the Deepening Political Confrontation Between the Russian Federation and the European Union." Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Series: Economics. Sociology. Management 12, no. 2 (2022): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1552-2022-12-2-10-21.

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Relevance. Today, Russian-German economic relations, on the one hand, are developing in the context of Russia ‒ EU relations, and on the other hand, between the Russian Federation and Germany, but they are weighed down by the influence of political factors. The traditional areas of economic cooperation received their first cracks due to the introduction of sanctions in 2014, but the “fourth” package of sanctions in March 2022 from the EU, which was successfully joined by the Scholz government, disrupted the world economic ties between countries that had been established for decades.The purpose

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12

BERNARDINI, GIOVANNI. "Principled Pragmatism: The Eastern Committee of German Economy and West German–Chinese relations during the early Cold War, 1949–1958." Modern Asian Studies 51, no. 1 (2016): 78–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x16000329.

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AbstractThis article focuses on the interplay between the political authorities and economic actors in the Federal Republic of Germany in the process of establishing relations with the People's Republic of China after 1949. Within this framework, the article will assess the role played by the Ost-Ausschuss der Deutschen Wirtschaft (Eastern Committee of German Economy), a semi-official organization recognized by the West German government. Both the ability of German economic actors and China's urgent need for economic contact with the West caused German-Chinese trade relations to circumvent the

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Al-Shanaq, Abdul Majeed Zaid. "King Hussein and Federal Germany." Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences 51, no. 6 (2024): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/hum.v51i6.9806.

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Objectives: The study aimed to clarify the role that King Hussein played after assuming his constitutional powers on May 2, 1953 AD, which focused on the interest in economic development, of which education and vocational education were the most prominent factors, which contributed to the establishment of diplomatic relations with the Federal Republic of Germany. In the same context, the study aimed to clarify the economic factors, financial weakness, and the lack of availability of raw materials necessary for industry and energy materials such as oil, gas, and coal. The study aimed to clarify

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Volkova, T. P. "“German issue” in Kazakhstan-German relations at the beginning of the 1990s." Herald of Omsk University. Series: Historical studies 9, no. 2 (34) (2022): 220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2312-1300.2022.9(2).220-229.

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In the article based on new archive data from Republic of Kazakhstan Ministry of Foreign Affairs fund the factor of German diaspora in regards of Kazakhstan-German relations' establishment and development is considered.“German Issue” is considered as ethnical Germans' requirement to revive their national identity and to restore unfairly destroyed statehood. For this purpose, Germans' public organizations were established, e.g. “Wiedergeburt” (“Revival”). The failure to resolve the “German Issue” led since the late 1980s to Germans' massive migration from the USSR and later from post-Soviet cou

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Klimiuk, Zbigniew. "Stosunki gospodarcze i handlowe ZSRR – Niemcy w latach 1918–1940 (część 2)." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 9, no. 2 (2019): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.2999.

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The author analyzes in his paper the economic and trade relations between Germany and the Soviet Union in the period of 1918–1944. During this period trade relations with Germany constituted a continuation of relations between Tsarist Russia and Germany before World War I. The German-Soviet Economic Agreement of October 12, 1925, formed special conditions for the mutual trade relations between the two countries. In addition to the normal exchange of goods, German exports to the Soviet Union were based, from the very beginning, on a system negotiated by the Soviet Trade Mission in Berlin under

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Sugonyaev, Р. M. "Pragmatism and Ideology in Russian-German Energy Relations." Russia & World: Sc. Dialogue, no. 3 (September 19, 2024): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.53658/rw2024-4-3(13)-47-60.

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For a long time, cooperation between Russia and Germany in the energy sector was based on bilateral interests and economic pragmatism, but recently in its relations with Russia the Federal Republic of Germany has been demonstrating ideologisation and loss of sovereignty in the important sphere of energy supply. This article investigated the history of bilateral energy relations, their characteristics, the political consequences of their disruption, and the results of the German energy policy. The results of the study include quantitative data on the volume of energy co-operation between the tw

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Waddington, Keir. "“We Don't Want Any German Sausages Here!” Food, Fear, and the German Nation in Victorian and Edwardian Britain." Journal of British Studies 52, no. 4 (2013): 1017–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2013.178.

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AbstractThis essay brings together aspects of the history of science, food, and culture, and applies them to the study of Anglo-German relations and perceptions by examining how between 1850 and 1914 the German sausage was used as a metaphor for the German nation. The essay shows how the concerns that became attached to German sausages not only provide a way of understanding Britain's interaction with Germany but also reveal further dimensions to popular anti-German sentiment. Alarm about what went into German sausages formed part of a growing strand of popular opposition to Germany, which dre

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18

Lakishyk, Dmytro. "German Question in the Foreign Policy Strategy of the USA in the Second Half of the 1940s – 1980s." European Historical Studies, no. 16 (2020): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2020.16.6.

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The article examines US policy towards West Germany after World War II, covering a historical span from the second half of the 1940s to the 1980s. It was US policy in Europe, and in West Germany in particular, that determined the dynamics and nature of US-German relations that arose on a long-term basis after the formation of Germany in September 1949. One of the peculiarities of US-German relations was the fact that both partners found themselves embroiled in a rapidly escalating international situation after 1945. The Cold War, which broke out after the seemingly inviolable Potsdam Accords,

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Zabarjad, Kakhorova. "RELATIONS BETWEEN UZBEKISTAN AND GERMANY: RESULTS AND OPPORTUNITIES." American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 5, no. 11 (2023): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume05issue11-08.

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This article reflects the political relations of Uzbekistan and Germany between the two countries, economic investment cooperation, friendship relations. The relevance of the article is also significant in that it reveals the results and further prospects of mutual agreements between the two countries. This article covers cooperation between our countries: trade and economic, investment and technological. Of particular importance is this article on the analysis of work on effective cooperation in such areas as security, human rights protection, Environmental Protection, science and education,

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Kirilina, E. Yu. "Foreign Policy of Germany towards Kazakhstan." EURASIAN INTEGRATION: economics, law, politics 18, no. 2 (2024): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2073-2929-2024-02-189-197.

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After the collapse of the Soviet Union, a large number of newly formed states appeared on the geopolitical map of the world, some of which are located in Central Asia. As one of the largest and most influential countries in Europe, Germany sought to establish strong economic, political and cultural ties with these countries. The author pays attention to the stages of development of bilateral relations from the early 90s to the present.Aim. The aim of this study is to identify key aspects of German foreign policy in the region, focusing on relations with Kazakhstan.Tasks. Study the main stages

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Veselov, Yuriy Aleksandrovich. "Analysis of evolution of the attitude of the Federal Republic of Germany towards the Russian Federation within the framework of the establishment of German national identity after the German reunification." Международные отношения, no. 1 (January 2022): 16–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0641.2022.1.33611.

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This article examines the relevant topic of Germany-Russia relations. The goal is set to analyze the German perception of these relations through the prism of specific German national identity. The key task lies in studying the German identity and its reflection in foreign policy of the Federal Republic of Germany with regards to the Russian Federation. The author believes that German identity is a crucial factor in the formation of foreign policy course alongside the establishment of advantageous business ties. The article covers the main characteristics and problems of German national identi

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Basovskaya, Elena. "The Influence of Anti-Russian Sanctions on World Economic Relations Between Germany and the United States." Scientific Research and Development. Economics 12, no. 3 (2024): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9111-2024-12-3-27-29.

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This paper assesses the impact of anti-Russian sanctions on global economic relations between the United States and Germany by changes in the relationship between the economic growth rates of the United States and Germany and the economic growth rates of the countries of the modern world. The correlations between economic growth rates are assessed for the periods before and after the introduction of most anti-Russian sanctions, for 2005–2012, and for 20142022. The results obtained from assessing the closeness of world economic ties indicate that anti-Russian sanctions imposed by the United Sta

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Belov, Vladislav. "THE NEW GOVERNMENT OF GERMANY AND GERMAN-RUSSIAN RELATIONS." Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS 25, no. 1 (2022): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran120226778.

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On December 8, 2021, the new coalition government of Germany began its work, an important area of the country’s foreign policy development is relations with Russia, Germany’s leading partner in the post-Soviet space. In many ways, they determine the parameters of cooperation between the European Union and the Russian Federation and its partners. The SPD, Union 90 / Greens, FDP, during difficult negotiations, agreed on common approaches to cooperation with Russia, which eventually united the value, economic, civil and political «Russian» denominators of the three party election programs. At the

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Simonazzi, A., A. Ginzburg, and G. Nocella. "Economic relations between Germany and southern Europe." Cambridge Journal of Economics 37, no. 3 (2013): 653–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/bet010.

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Petrosyan, D. V. ,. "FOREIGN POLICY ATTITUDES OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY IN THE POSTBIPOLAR WORLD." Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Historical science 7 (73), no. 3 (2021): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1741-2021-7-3-87-98.

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The Contemporary Federal Republic of Germany is the leader of the European Union, on which the development of the European Union and European-transatlantic relations largely depends. The Federal Republic of Germany determines the main content and direction of the EU policy towards the Russian Federation. Russian-German relations have a significant impact on the solution of many world problems. The unification of two states at the end of the 20th century – the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic — became one of the greatest and most significant events in the history o

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Klimiuk, Zbigniew. "Stosunki gospodarcze i handlowe ZSRR – Niemcy w latach 1918–1940 (część 1)." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 9, no. 1 (2018): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.3364.

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The author analyzes in his paper the economic and trade relations between Germanyand the Soviet Union in the period of 1918–1944. During this period trade relations withGermany constituted a continuation of relations between Tsarist Russia and Germany beforeWorld War I. The German-Soviet Economic Agreement of October 12, 1925, formed specialconditions for the mutual trade relations between the two countries. In addition to the normalexchange of goods, German exports to the Soviet Union were based from the very beginningon a system negotiated by the Soviet Trade Mission to Berlin under which th

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Lichtenstein, Nelson. "Why No Corporatism in the United States? American Versus German Models of Industrial Relations in the Early Postwar Era." Labor 22, no. 1 (2025): 36–52. https://doi.org/10.1215/15476715-11521334.

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Abstract Today, industrial relations in the United States and Germany operate along strikingly divergent patterns, but in the early postwar years they had much in common. Indeed, the United States emulated Germany. That might seem an exceedingly strange proposition, because Germany was just emerging from utter destruction and the United States and Britain were occupying powers in the late 1940s. Moreover, the American economy then seemed a productive wonder, a model for others to follow. Within that economic colossus was a powerful trade union movement whose membership had risen fivefold in ju

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Petzina, Dietmar. "The Economic Dimension of the East–West Conflict and the Role of Germany." Contemporary European History 3, no. 2 (1994): 203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777300000771.

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A survey of the economic problems in East–West relations during the era of the Cold War is of particular interest from the German perspective. First, no other Western industrial country played a comparable role in the economic relations with East European countries; and secondly, East–West trade, especially the economic contacts with the German Democratic Republic (GDR), became an outstanding feature of German Ostpolitik under the conditions of the divided country. It appears to be an acceptable proposition to say that this form of West Germany economic and trade policy was the equivalent of t

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Pavlica, Branko. "Migrations from Yugoslavia to Germany: Migrants, emigrants, refugees and asylum-seekers." Medjunarodni problemi 57, no. 1-2 (2005): 121–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp0502121p.

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Migrations from Yugoslavia to Germany have a long tradition. There have been various economic and social causes, and in some periods even political ones for that phenomenon. Taking into consideration the historical aspect and also the contemporary migration flows, the dynamics of migrations of the Yugoslav population to Germany has the following stages in its development. The first stage had begun in late XIX century and ended with the World War I. Although the overseas migration flows prevailed, yet the German agriculture and its mine industry attracted a part of the Yugoslav population. Betw

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Leonov, E. S. "The Origin of German-American Relations as a Partnership of Unequal Parties." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 6(45) (December 28, 2015): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-6-45-15-22.

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Abstract: Despite the high technological effectiveness of today’s German economy which serves as the «engine» of Europe and the core of the European integration processes, Germany, however, possesses a limited foreign policy leverage in the modern international relations. Gradual restriction of the sovereignty of Germany began during the post-war period due to the strengthening of the European track of U.S. foreign policy. For instance, at this stage Washington takes the responsibility on restoration of the German economic welfare, filling of legal vacuum in West Germany and also initiates cul

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Savina, Zoya. "Germany’s Political and Economic Interests in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges." Uchenie zapiski Instituta Afriki RAN 61, no. 4 (2022): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31132/2412-5717-2022-61-4-60-69.

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Today, Africa occupies an important place in Germany’s foreign policy agenda. Africa is a resource-rich continent, and many African countries are rapidly developing economies. In this regard, Germany is actively seeking to increase economic relations with Africa. Special attention is paid to assisting African countries in solving the problems of poverty, in the development of production, as well as the fight against the coronavirus pandemic. The article is devoted to the economic direction of German-African policy at the present stage. The author attempts to give an overview of current trends

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Bulatov, Gasan Islamovich, Khamid Abdalla Bashir, and Mokhammed Khalil' Khussian. "Problems and prospects of evolution of the relations between Germany and Turkey." Конфликтология / nota bene, no. 3 (March 2021): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0617.2021.3.36887.

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This article analyzes the concerns and prospects for the development of relations between Turkey and Germany based on the historical method and event study. The relevance of this topic lies in the fact that at the in the context of transition of the global political system from bilateral to multilateral model of world political landscape, Turkey&rsquo;s political interests are focused on becoming one of the dominants in the Caucasus-Black Sea-Mediterranean region. The article discusses the complicated relations between Germany and Turkey. Special attention is given to the domestic politica

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Bulatov, Gasan Islamovich, Khamid Abdalla Bashir, and Mokhammed Khalil' Khussian. "Problems and prospects of evolution of the relations between Germany and Turkey." Конфликтология / nota bene, no. 4 (April 2021): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0617.2021.4.36887.

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This article analyzes the concerns and prospects for the development of relations between Turkey and Germany based on the historical method and event study. The relevance of this topic lies in the fact that at the in the context of transition of the global political system from bilateral to multilateral model of world political landscape, Turkey&rsquo;s political interests are focused on becoming one of the dominants in the Caucasus-Black Sea-Mediterranean region. The article discusses the complicated relations between Germany and Turkey. Special attention is given to the domestic politica

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Bitkova, T. G. "Germany and Romania: historical, political and economic aspects of interaction." Urgent Problems of Europe, no. 2 (2022): 235–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/ape/2022.02.13.

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Political and economic aspects of relations between Romania and Germany in the XXI century considered in the context of historical retrospective, including from the perspective of the dramatic events of the XX century. Brief information about the history of the emergence of the German community on the territory of Romania, its important role in the cultural and economic development of the regions of residence is presented. The latter contributes to the creation of a special atmosphere of today’s bilateral contacts, behind which is the policy of the Federal Republic of Germany to keep the Germa

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Güçlü, Yücel. "Turkey's Relations with Germany from the Conclusion of the Montreux Straits Convention up to the Outbreak of the Second World War." Belleten 66, no. 245 (2002): 123–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2002.123.

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Although most frequent mention must be made of the political relations, the special emphasis in the article lays on the economic cooperation between Turkey and Germany. For commercial and financial factors played a key role in shaping the Turkish-German relations in the second half of the 1930s. Turkey came to view the dominant German grip over its economy with much anxiety and looked to other powers to assist it in breaking the Reichsmark shackle. In the political field, the dynamics of Turkish-German relations often led Germany to seek a formal relationship which Turkey, for reasons of its o

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Toganova, N. V. "Sanctions: Business as Usual? (Example of Russian-German Relations)." MIR (Modernization. Innovation. Research) 9, no. 4 (2019): 596–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.18184/2079-4665.2018.9.4.596-606.

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Purpose:the purpose of the article was to analyze the influence of sanctions on economic relations of Russia and Germany (on firm level and on foreign direct investments), to find out how far the changes influenced the innovation potential of Russia in the long term and also the role of political relations in the economic context.Methods:the methodological base of the research is based on general scientific methods: scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis, generalization, system-structural analysis.Results:the author analyzes the approaches towards quantifying the sanctions influence on

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Ratmanov, P. E., та Yu V. Kirik. "Представительство народного комиссариата здравоохранения рс фср в германии (1921–1929 гг.) в контексте международных связей советской россии". Dalʹnevostočnyj medicinskij žurnal, № 4 (30 грудня 2019): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35177/1994-5191-2019-4-41-46.

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The paper is devoted to the activities of the Representative Office of the People's Commissariat of Health of the RSFSR in Germany during the period of active economic, scientific and technical cooperation in the 1920s. The large-scale cooperation between Soviet Russia and Germany in healthcare actually began only after the 1922 Rapallo Agreement and the significant improvement in bilateral relations. The representative office of the People's Commissariat of Health of the RSFSR in Germany published articles on health issues in the USSR in German press, promoted bilateral cooperation in social

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Karnups, Viesturs Pauls. "Latvia and Hitler’s Germany: Economic Relations 1933–1940." Humanities and Social Sciences Latvia 26, no. 2 (2018): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/hssl.26.2.2.

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Ibragimov, Farkhad Elshan Ogli. "Development of Iranian-German Relations in 2010-2020 (Problems and Prospects)." Вопросы безопасности, no. 4 (April 2022): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7543.2022.4.39069.

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The subject of the study is Iranian-German relations in 2010-2020. The object of the research is the development of relations between Iran and Germany. The author of the work examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the history of the development of relations between Iran and Germany, the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, which directly affects Iran's relations with the world community, in particular with the European Union. Particular attention is paid to the role of Germany as a strategic partner of Iran. Germany has traditionally been seen as Iran's closest partner in Europe, altho

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Belov, Vladislav. "Reaction of Germany to the special military operation of Russia on the territory of Ukraine." Analytical papers of the Institute of Europe RAS, no. 1 (2022): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/analytics1820225662.

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The government, political and economic establishment of Germany, as well as all sectors of society, reacted extremely negatively to Russia's recognition of LPR and DPR and subsequent special military operation on the territory of Ukraine. Germany has become a key player in development and adoption of EU's sanction packages against Russia. The author analyzes the most important decisions of the German cabinet of ministers, actions of interest groups and their consequences for German- Russian relations.

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Reichel, Ernst. "Deepening of Partnership between Germany and Ukraine." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XIX (2018): 416–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2018-27.

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The article delineates the strengthening of the partnership between Germany and Ukraine. Germany was among the first countries to recognise independence of Ukraine. Nowadays, it is one of its key partners and friends. After gaining independence, a lot of programs and agreements were developed in Ukraine to enhance bilateral relations. After the Revolution of Dignity, Germany considerably broadened its obligations in the field of technical and financial cooperation. Within the cooperative framework, Germany focuses its attention on three paramount areas: 1) stable economic growth; 2) democracy,

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Мордовченков, Н. В., Г. А. Тихомиров, and В. М. Поляков. "German-Chinese foreign economic convergence: innovation and infrastructure aspect." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 12(137) (May 3, 2022): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2021.137.12.041.

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Статья посвящена анализу внешнеэкономических взаимоотношений Германии и Китая, в частности экономической интеграции двух противоположных социально-политических систем. Процесс интеграции основан на решении применительно к концепции конвергенции инфраструктурных проблем, обеспечивающих инновационное развитие. Оценивается инвестиционная активность. Инфраструктурная конвергенция позволила вовлечь инновационные технологии в процесс взаимовыгодного сближения разных систем. Концепция конвергенции, рассмотренная на примере экономических взаимоотношений Германии и Китая, позволяет судить о положительн

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Simon, György. "Germany and the European economy." Medjunarodni problemi 63, no. 1 (2011): 52–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp1101052s.

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Germany has traditionally been the powerhouse of the European economy and integration. In this article, an attempt is made to put its economic development in a European context by comparing it with the achievements of the total group of more developed members of the European Union, the EU-15, prior to the current global crisis. The author applies both the methods of statistical analysis and models of mathematical economics to show the combined influence of growth mechanism regularities, economic policy and international economic relations on the long-term development of the German and European

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Müller-Jentsch, Walther. "Seven decades of industrial relations in Germany." Employee Relations 40, no. 4 (2018): 634–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-01-2017-0016.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reconstruct the development of industrial relations (IR) in Germany since the end of the Second World War and discusses the current challenges posed by economic globalisation und European integration. Design/methodology/approach Combining a political economy, identifying Germany as a coordinated market economy (social market economy), and actor-centred historical institutionalism approach, outlining the formation and strategies of the main social actors within a particular institutional setting, the paper draws on the broad range of research on IR in Ger

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Kravchenko, Valeriy, and Iryna Stasiukevych. "DYNAMICS OF UKRAINIAN-GERMAN RELATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF CHANGES IN GERMAN POLITICS." Strategic Panorama, no. 1-2 (December 15, 2019): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.53679/2616-9460.1-2.2019.03.

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The article analyzes the current foreign policy of Germany and how it is influenced by domestic political developments as well as changes in the international arena. Germany, as a key player in Europe, remains declaratively consistent in its support for Ukraine and condemnation of Russian revisionism. However, a deeper analysis of the geopolitical and domestic position of Germany demonstrates certain risks to the stability of Ukraine-Germany relations.Attention is given to the dependence of Ukraine-Germany relations of Russia-Germany relations. Traditionally active economic ties between Berlin

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Lak, Martijn. "“A Chinese Wall along our Eastern Border” – Allied Occupation Policy in Germany and its Consequences for Dutch-German Trade Relations, 1945-1949." Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 59, no. 1 (2018): 215–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2018-0009.

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Abstract After the unconditional surrender of the Third Reich in May 1945, Germany no longer existed as a sovereign, independent nation. It was occupied by the four Allied powers: France, Great Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union. When it came to the postwar European recovery, the biggest obstacle was that the economy in Germany, the dominant continental economic power before the Second World War, was at an almost complete standstill. This not only had severe consequences for Germany itself, but also had strong economic repercussions for surrounding countries, especially the Nether

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Kotov, A. "Foreign Economic Policy of Germany: African Vector." World Economy and International Relations 68, no. 12 (2024): 72–79. https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2024-68-12-72-79.

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German industry often views African continent as the last, and largely untapped, potential market for economic growth. The country has an extensive system of measures to support foreign economic contacts with Africa, but the share of German exports to the continent is only 2%. This article examines Germany’s practical steps to “dynamically expand” its economic presence in Africa. To realize this goal, Germany, as one of the world leaders in industrial development and renewable energy sources, can make one of its actions efforts to advocate and support African governments in the transition to c

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Թովմասյան, Մարտին. "Հայոց ցեղասպանության վերաբերյալ դիսկուրսը Գերմանիայի ներքաղաքական շրջանակներում (1999-2015 թթ.)". Bulletin of Yerevan University D: International Relations and Political Sciences 12, № 1 (34) (2021): 3–15. https://doi.org/10.46991/bysu:d/2021.12.1.003.

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The article is dedicated to the study of the issue of the recognition of the Armenian Genocide in the German domestic political agenda. The article focuses on the discussions in the German legislature, as it is the most active German political body to discuss the issue of recognizing of Armenian Genocide and condemning genocides. The importance of the topic is further emphasized by the fact that Germany was an ally of Turkey during World War I, so the question arises as to whether Germany does not share the guilt of the crime committed by its ally. We believe that this is one of the possible r

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Chapin, Wesley D. "The Turkish Diaspora in Germany." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 5, no. 2 (1996): 275–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.5.2.275.

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At the beginning of 1995, nearly two million Turkish nationals were living in Germany. While this represents only about 2.5% of the total population, the Turkish minority significantly influences German politics. As the single largest group of “foreigners” living in Germany, the Turkish population is a prime target of rightwing violence. Questions regarding Turkish rights to residency, work permits, and citizenship are controversial domestic political issues and their presence affects international relations between Germany and Turkey. This article examines the Turkish diaspora in Germany and

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Meister, S. "Germany and Russia: Delimitated Partners." World Economy and International Relations, no. 7 (2013): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2013-7-22-28.

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The estrangement is surging up in relations between Germany and Russia. Expectations of the "Partnership for Modernization" in Berlin are deceived. For the German part, it seems most important to reform the Russian political system through economic cooperation, whereas, in contrast, Russia is interested in economic partnership itself and in investment promotion. The lack of the legal regulation, and the growing state influence on economy in Russia hedge the economic partnership. Berlin has no concept of ways to affect the reform process in Russia. The renewal of the policy line towards Russia

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