Relevant bibliographies by topics / Effect of a higher level

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Effect of a higher level'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 May 2022
Last updated: 30 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Effect of a higher level"

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Scarola, V. W., Kwon Park, and J. K. Jain. "Excitonic collapse of higher Landau level fractional quantum Hall effect." Physical Review B 62, no. 24 (2000): R16259—R16262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.62.r16259.

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Wang, Dayong, Guozhu Jia, Chunting Liu, Hengshan Zong, and Wei He. "The effect of replenishment policy on bullwhip effect considering the higher-level shipments." Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering 35, no. 8 (2018): 558–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21681015.2018.1534757.

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Qaisar, Abbas. "Digital Literacy Effect on the Academic Performance of Students at Higher Education Level in Pakistan." Global Social Sciences Review 4, no. 1 (2019): 108–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4361971.

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The purpose of current study was to explore the effect of digital literacy on academic performance of the students at higher education level. The study was mixed method and data were gathered with a questionnaire and semistructured interviews. The validity and reliability of the scales were ensured through experts' opinion, pilot testing and Croanbach Alpha score. The population comprised the students of M.S/M.Phil and Ph.D. A sample of 800 students was selected randomly from 10 Universities. The statistical tests like mean, standard deviation and correlation were used. Results revealed th
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Qaisar, Abbas, Hussain Shafqat, and Rasool Shafqat. "Digital Literacy Effect on the Academic Performance of Students at Higher Education Level in Pakistan." GLOBAL SOCIAL SCIENCES REVIEW (GSSR) IV, no. I (2019): 154–65. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-I).14.

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The purpose of current study was to explore the effect of digital literacy on academic performance of the students at higher education level. The study was mixed method and data were gathered with a questionnaire and semistructured interviews. The validity and reliability of the scales were ensured through experts' opinion, pilot testing and Croanbach Alpha score. The population comprised the students of M.S/M.Phil and Ph.D. A sample of 800 students was selected randomly from 10 Universities. The statistical tests like mean, standard deviation and correlation were used. Results revealed th
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Nursamsu. "The Effect Of Graphic Organizers In Argumentative Essay Across Different Proficiencylevelsat Higher Education." Multicultural Education 7, no. 9 (2021): 322. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5514192.

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<em>The investigation attempted to investigate the different interventions using digital graphic organizers (x1) ,&nbsp; paper graphic organizers(x2),free writing (x3) on writing score of low (y1) ,&nbsp; moderate (y2),&nbsp; and of high level proficiency learners (y3). The 45 participantswere L2 learners at UIN Tulung Agung consisting of low level proficiency learners (n=13), moderate level proficiency learners (n=21), high level proficiency learners (n=11). The study belonged to a pre-post quasi-experiment using factorial design. The data were analysed using Manovatest. The analysis demonstr
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Eisenkraft, Noah. "Bottom-Up Linear Models: Estimating the Effect of Lower-Level Variables on Higher-Level Outcomes." Academy of Management Proceedings 2016, no. 1 (2016): 12448. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2016.12448abstract.

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Sinova, Jairo, Shuichi Murakami, Shun-Qing Shen, and Mahn-Soo Choi. "Spin-Hall effect: Back to the beginning at a higher level." Solid State Communications 138, no. 4 (2006): 214–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2006.02.024.

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Dal Piva, A. M. O., F. Campos, M. L. L. Alves, et al. "Push-out of posts with higher cement layer: Bone level effect." Dental Materials 27 (January 2011): e57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2011.08.534.

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Mondal, Dr Bhim Chandra. "The Effect of Computer Animation in the Teaching of Chemistry at Higher Secondary level: An Experimental Study." Indian Journal of Applied Research 2, no. 1 (2011): 84–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/oct2012/29.

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PREETAM, PYARI, MISHRA KRITIKA, and DUA BINTI. "A Study of Impact of Aptitude in Mathematics as Stream Selection at Higher Secondary Level." Issues and Ideas in Education 4, no. 2 (2016): 141–49. https://doi.org/10.15415/iie.2016.32011.

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Present study explores the aptitude among higher secondary students. It is aimed to find out the effect of stream selection in terms of aptitude. A sample of 100 students has been taken from a government senior secondary school of Agra, Uttar Pradesh-India. Data is collected by administering Differential Aptitude Test (DAT). Result showed that there is found significant effect of aptitude in the stream selection process of the students and for mathematics numerical reasoning, clerical speed and accuracy, mechanical and verbal reasoning constitute the significant role for mathematics as careers
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Effect of a higher level"

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Cottrell, Gary Lee. "The Effect of Studying Higher-Level Thinking Skills on Fifth Grade Students with High Language Ability." TopSCHOLAR®, 1986. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1654.

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The purpose of this project was to investigate the effect of studying higher-level thinking skills on fifth grade students with high language ability. The researcher compared the test scores of students in an elementary enrichment program with test scores of students enrolled in the same program the following year to which materials emphasizing higher-level thinking skills were added. The researcher also included analysis of student performance on the Ross Test of Higher Cognitive Processes and its component parts of analysis, synthesis, and evaluation as well as each of the eight subtests. It
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Gegen, Sarah Elizabeth Yeotis Catherine. "The effects of higher-level questioning in a high school mathematics classroom." Diss., Click here for available full-text of this thesis, 2006. http://library.wichita.edu/digitallibrary/etd/2006/t070.pdf.

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Thesis (M.Ed.)--Wichita State University, College of Curriculum and Instruction.<br>"May 2006." Title from PDF title page (viewed on October 29, 2006). Thesis adviser: Cathy Yeotis. Includes bibliographic references (leaves 25-27).
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Georgiou, Andrea M. "The effects of different levels of high fidelity simulation on teamwork in senior-level undergraduate aviation students." Thesis, Capella University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3619937.

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<p> Industries in which effective teamwork is critical for safe operations are quickly discovering the benefits of simulation-based training (SBT). Research has shown the aviation industry, military operations, and medical field utilize impressive simulations allowing people to refine their technical and nontechnical skills in a "no consequence" environment. Grounded in team cognitive and group dynamic research, researchers are focusing their efforts on how to effectively use simulation as a training tool. The focus of this study was to determine how the degree of simulation difficulty affects
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Jaasma, Marjorie Ann. "The effect of gender and communication style on student apprehension regarding classroom participation on the college level." Scholarly Commons, 1995. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2780.

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This study focused on instructional style in the college classroom to determine if apprehension levels of male and female students are influenced by instructor gender and instructor communication style. The foundations of the study are in the theoretical models of Tannen, Gilligan, and Lakoff. Tannen reasons that early socialization of boys in hierarchical play groups where language is used to put oneself forward may increase male comfort in the college classroom. She also sees the college classroom as generally debate-like which may be more conducive to the learning of males than females. Gil
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Watkins, Joseph Ezra. "The effects of faith, theology and denominational governance on decision making by senior-level administrators at Christian universities." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289154.

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The Effects of Faith, Theology and Denominational Governance on Decision Making by Senior Level Administrators at Christian Universities uses two case studies to explore what effects, if any, powerful systems of belief have upon decisions made at two denominationally affiliated Christian liberal arts universities. This study grows out of the framework of Lukes' (1973) work on power and decision making that describes how belief systems form an organizational bias for power and decision making that is often unrecognized by the decision makers or the institutional participants. A series of three
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Тарасенко, Світлана Вікторівна, Светлана Викторовна Тарасенко, Svitlana Viktorivna Tarasenko та ін. "Эффекты влияния нематериальных активов на экологоориентированное развитие предприятий". Thesis, М.: ЗАО „Гриф и К”, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/38220.

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Досліджено категоріальний апарат поняття екологоорієнтовані нематеріальні активи, їх роль в екологоорієнтованому розвитку підприємства. Визначено поняття екологоорієнтовані нематеріальні активи. Виявлено основні ефекти впливу екологоорієнтованих нематеріальних активів на екологоорієнтований розвиток підприємств.<br>Исследовано категориальный аппарат понятия экологоориентированные нематериальные активы, их роль в экологоориентированном развитии предприятия. Определено понятие экологоориентированные нематериальные активы. Выявлены основные эффекты влияния экологоориентированных нематериальных ак
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Stapa, Siti Hamin. "The effects of the process approach on writing apprehension and writing quality among ESL students at university level in Malaysia." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1994. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1394/.

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This study was designed to investigate the effects of two methods of teaching written composition (i.e. traditional and process approach) on writing apprehension among ESL students, and also the effect of the process approach on the overall quality and length of their writing. Students enrolled in Written Communication 1 course at the National University of Malaysia were chosen as the subjects of this study. The students had been placed in three groups based on the results of previous courses and for the purpose of this study the top and the bottom groups were selected as the experimental grou
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Kajewski, Stephen L. "Post-tensioning and its effect on multi-level formwork load distribution." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36033/8/36033_Digitised_Thesis.pdf.

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Multi-level concrete buildings requrre substantial temporary formwork structures to support the slabs during construction. The primary function of this formwork is to safely disperse the applied loads so that the slab being constructed, or the portion of the permanent structure already constructed, is not overloaded. Multi-level formwork is a procedure in which a limited number of formwork and shoring sets are cycled up the building as construction progresses. In this process, each new slab is supported by a number of lower level slabs. The new slab load is, essentially, distributed to
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Bangpipob, Savanee. "Graduate Students' Perceptions of the Effectiveness of a Two-Way Audio/Video Distance Learning Session and of Its Effects on Graduate Students' Comfort Level." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279243/.

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The purposes of this study were to (a) determine graduate students' perceptions of the effectiveness of the delivery system and their level of comfort with the delivery system, (b) determine graduate students' perceptions of the effectiveness of the delivery system and their level of comfort with the teacher, (c) determine graduate students' level of comfort with the delivery system and their level of comfort with the teacher, (d) determine differences in graduate students' ratings of the effectiveness of the delivery system before a distance education session and after a distance education se
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Perez, Consuela. "Developing a Multicontextual Model of High Schools whose Students Participate in Financial Aid Preparation Services: Family, School, and Community Level Effects." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505152/.

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The purpose of this quantitative secondary data analysis was to examine the effect of family, school, and community context on high schools whose students participate in financial aid preparation services. Data from the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009 were analyzed to answer the two research questions using Perna's conceptual model of college enrollment behaviors that explores how students gain and utilize information about financial aid and college prices. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the extent of high school participation in financial aid services. The results indi
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Books on the topic "Effect of a higher level"

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University of Warwick. Institute for Employment Research. A study on rates of return to investment in level 3 and higher qualifications. Dept. of Trade and Industry, 2005.

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Jim, Lowrie, and Steven Alastair, eds. Higher still physics: Higher level. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 1998.

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Darby, Michael R. Stakes and stars: The effect of intellectual human capital on the level and variability of high-tech firms' market values. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1999.

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Sharp, Richard. Higher-Level Hardware Synthesis. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b95732.

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Cirrito, Fabio, Nigel Buckle, and Iain Dunbar. Mathematics higher level (core). 3rd ed. IBID Press, 2004.

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MacAbalitaw, Leonila D. Higher level English tests. Witman, 1987.

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Fairhurst, J. S. Higher level GCSE mathematics. Thornes, 1987.

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Tafner, Meg. Intensive English: Higher intermediate level. Macmillan, 1987.

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Tafner, Meg. Intensive English: Higher intermediate level. Macmillan, 1988.

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Hooper, Philip. Revise GCSE mathematics: Higher level. Hodder & Stoughton, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Effect of a higher level"

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Yoshioka, Daijiro. "Higher Landau Levels." In The Quantum Hall Effect. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05016-3_9.

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Watson, Richard A., Niclas Palmius, Rob Mills, Simon T. Powers, and Alexandra Penn. "Can Selfish Symbioses Effect Higher-Level Selection?" In Advances in Artificial Life. Darwin Meets von Neumann. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21314-4_4.

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Ng, Yew-Kwang. "Does Money Buy Happiness?" In Happiness—Concept, Measurement and Promotion. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4972-8_7.

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AbstractAfter a relatively low level of survival and comfort, additional consumption does not increase happiness significantly, especially at the social level. At the individual level, people want more due to the relative competition effect which cancels out at the social level. In addition, the adaptation effects and environmental disruption effects also work to limit the contributions of higher consumption and enlarge the gap between expectation and actuality.
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Easterling, Doug, and Howard Kunreuther. "The Doughnut Effect." In The Dilemma of Siting a High-Level Nuclear Waste Repository. Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0629-0_7.

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Ng, Yew-Kwang. "A Case for Higher Public Spending." In Happiness—Concept, Measurement and Promotion. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4972-8_15.

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AbstractStudies by psychologists, sociologists, and economists indicate that increases in incomes beyond a moderate level are not related to happiness nor significantly with the objective quality-of-life indicators (which increase with scientific and technological breakthroughs at the global level). Yet everyone wants more money. This may be explained by environmental disruption, relative-income effects, inadequate recognition of adaptation effects, and the materialistic bias due to our accumulation instinct and advertising. These factors cause a bias towards private consumption, making public
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Shahid, Salman. "Effect of Student Characteristics and Blended Learning Approach on Student Performance in Master’s Level Chemical Engineering Courses." In Towards a Hybrid, Flexible and Socially Engaged Higher Education. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53382-2_7.

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Riley, BJ, P. Hrma, J. Rosario, and JD Vienna. "Effect of Crystallization on High-Level Waste Glass Corrosion." In Ceramic Transactions Series. The American Ceramic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118371435.ch25.

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Eyraud, Corine. "Archaeology of a Quantification Device: Quantification, Policies and Politics in French Higher Education." In The New Politics of Numbers. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78201-6_9.

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AbstractThis paper follows a quantification device – French higher education performance indicators – from its birth through its construction to its uses. It differentiates three levels of analysis. First, the bedrock level: a calculative device is grounded in a founding vision. Second, the intermediate level: a quantification device contains a conception of the “raisons d’être” of the entity that is quantified. Third, the level of the micro-conventions of calculation which can give a particular orientation. However, the device is part of a larger configuration which constitutes the fourth dim
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Bratti, Massimiliano, Giovanni Barbato, Daniele Biancardi, Chiara Conti, and Matteo Turri. "Degree-Level Determinants of University Student Performance." In Teaching, Research and Academic Careers. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07438-7_10.

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AbstractAlthough features of the higher education degree programmes in which students are enrolled are likely to have an impact on their academic careers, primarily because of data limitations, research has mainly focused on individual, household and higher education institution drivers of student performance. To fill this knowledge gap, this chapter presents a study using administrative data on the complete supply of higher education degrees in Italy during 2013–2018 to carry out an analysis of the degree-programme determinants of university student performance, as measured by the National Ag
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Niroshinie, M. A. C., Nobuyuki Ono, Yasuyuki Shimizu, and Kazuya Egami. "Flow Analysis for Navigation Safety by Using iRIC Model Nays2DH." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_76.

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AbstractFor safer navigation, it is important to reduce the shallow water effects and reduce the possibility of sedimentation. The shallow water effect is a vital factor in confluence areas where the depth of the navigation routes is subject to frequent changes during high flow and low flow times. This study summarizes the flow analysis during the process of improving the navigation channel around a confluence area by excavating shallow areas up to two possible bed elevation levels (3.3 OPm and 2.8 OPm). The analysis results, demonstrated that the depth has increased and the velocity has decre
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Conference papers on the topic "Effect of a higher level"

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Ali, Mohammad. "Effect of Chloride Content Level on Concrete CP Criteria." In CORROSION 2006. NACE International, 2006. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2006-06351.

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Abstract The currently available Standards for cathodic protection (CP) of reinforcement in atmospherically exposed concrete structures nominate a set of performance criteria as a measure of corrosion protection to embedded reinforcement. The predominantly used CP criteria for steel in concrete is 100 mV potential decay in 4-24 hours period. An experimental program was undertaken to assess adequacy of this CP criteria and it's dependence on chloride content in concrete. Chlorides in the form of NaCl were admixed with water in preparing the test specimens. The chloride content ranged from 1.2 k
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Arai, Taku, and Masami Mayuzumi. "Effect of Dissolved Oxygen Concentration and Material Factors on Stress Corrosion Cracking of Low-Alloy Steels." In CORROSION 1997. NACE International, 1997. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1997-97090.

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Abstract It is very important to clarify the stress corrosion cracking behavior of low alloy steels for the pressure boundary component materials of LWR primary coolant systems. The slow strain rate tensile test(SSRT) was carried out on three types of heavy-thick low alloy steels in high temperature water containing various levels of dissolved oxygen(DO) to investigate the effects of DO and material factors on the SCC behavior. The results obtained are as follows; 1) Susceptibility to SCC of each steel increased with DO concentration. 2) The rolled steel with higher impurity concentration had
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Klein, L. J., R. M. Thompson, and D. E. Moore. "9Cr-1Mo and 13Cr Tubulars for Sour Service." In CORROSION 1990. NACE International, 1990. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1990-90052.

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Abstract The effects of strength level, quench medium, and H2S level on the sulfide stress cracking (SSC) resistance of 9Cr-1Mo and 13Cr alloys were evaluated using the NACE TM-01--77 Tensile Test Method. Reducing the strength level below that of API L-80 and C-75 grades increased SSC resistance. The effect was more pronounced in 9Cr-1Mo than in 13Cr. Quench medium was found to have no significant effect on SSC resistance. Reduced H2S levels in an otherwise standard TM-01-77 test resulted in higher threshold stress values for both alloys. A limiting H2S partial pressure of 1.5 psia (10 kPa), b
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Turkalj, Tomás, Sebastián Cravero, Hugo Ernst, and Gustavo Kissner. "Effect of High Arm Displacement on DCB Specimen Testing." In CORROSION 2015. NACE International, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2015-05856.

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Abstract Usually Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) samples are tested following NACE Standard TM0177-2005 procedure. The standard establish arm displacement limits as function of steel grade. However, the increasing interest on material characterization in mild sour media imposes testing at higher arm displacements that can produce larger plasticization zones at the crack-tip of DCB specimens. It is widely recognized that the level of plasticity can significantly affect the material fracture behavior. Therefore, It is important to study the loading conditions that cause the loss of linear elastic r
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Cragnolino, G. A., and N. Sridhar. "Localized Corrosion of a Candidate Container Material for High-Level Nuclear Waste Disposal." In CORROSION 1991. NACE International, 1991. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1991-91035.

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Abstract Localized corrosion is one of the important considerations in the design of metallic containers used for the geologic disposal of high-level nuclear waste. This paper addresses the effect of environmental factors on the localized corrosion behavior of alloy 825, one of the candidate alloys for containers in the Yucca Mountain repository site. A two-level, full factorial experimental design was used to examine the main effects and interactions of chloride, sulfate, nitrate, fluoride, and temperature. This was augmented by additional experiments involving chloride and temperature at sev
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Dunn, D. S., G. A. Cragnolino, and N. Sridhar. "Effect of Galvanic Coupling between Overpack Materials for High-Level Nuclear Waste Containers." In CORROSION 1998. NACE International, 1998. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1998-98148.

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Abstract The effect of environmental parameters and area ratio on the galvanic protection of Alloy 825 by A516 steel was studied. A simplified model was used to calculate the potential and corrosion current density of the bimetallic couple as a function of the galvanic coupling efficiency. Galvanic corrosion tests were performed to gain confidence in the calculated values. Both the calculations and laboratory testing indicate that, with highly efficient coupling, the potential of the galvanic couple is maintained below the repassivation potential for Alloy 825 in chloride-containing solutions.
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Yan, Li, Jean-Philippe Gravel, and Muhammad Arafin. "Effect of Soil and Disbondment Configuration on CP Penetration into Coating Disbondment." In CORROSION 2018. NACE International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2018-11023.

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Abstract Tests were performed to investigate the effect of soil and disbondment configuration on CP penetration into coating disbondment. An innovative experimental setup was employed to measure the pH and potential of pipeline steel under a disbonded coating without disturbing the environment inside the disbondment. It was revealed that CP penetration was dependent on CP level, environment inside the disbondment, and distance from the holiday. CP penetration increased with increasing CP level, and decreased with increasing pH and distance from the holiday. For a circular FBE coating disbondme
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Xu, Qihao, Li Xie, and Tiebing Lu. "Effect of Slope Terrain on the Ground Level Total Electric Field of HVDC Transmission Lines." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Applications (ICHVE). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ichve61955.2024.10676062.

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Dewi, Nur Fadilah, and Radityo Kusumo Santoso. "Effect of Nursing Satisfaction Level on Service Quality at Inpatient Installation in X Hospital." In 3rd International Conference on Vocational Higher Education (ICVHE 2018). Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200331.156.

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Huculova, Eva, and Lucia Solcova. "Cluster Analysis of Digital Performance in Educational Techniques in Conditions of EU." In Fourth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head18.2018.8138.

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Global technological trends affect broad spectrum of areas in our life, and through the implementation of particular tools, they are affecting the development of educational levels in particular countries and also educational process itself. This study is aimed at the comparison and revealing of the effect of digitalization and e-skills on the level of education in 20 selected EU member countries by using Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis. As a result, we consider four clusters of countries with similar characteristics in terms of education, digital literacy and public funding and expenditu
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Reports on the topic "Effect of a higher level"

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Garcia Aramendiz, Johan Sebastián, Leonardo Forero Varela, and Jorge Alberto Medina Perilla. Evaluation of the effect of cellulose nanofibers in thermoplastic starch films. Universidad de los Andes, 2024. https://doi.org/10.51573/andes.pps39.ss.bbb.9.

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Thermoplastic starches (TPS) are important bio-based, biodegradable polymers used in flexible packaging. However, their mechanical properties, processability, and high hydrophilicity limit their applications. This study examines the effects of chemical modifications and mechanical reinforcements on TPS matrices. Combinations of native and acetylated TPS, reinforced with native (CNF) and acetylated cellulose nanofibers (CNFA) at 1%, 2%, 3%, and 10%, were analyzed. TPS films were prepared with CNF using compression molding, followed by structural, morphological, mechanical, and hygroscopic analy
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Patchett, B. M., and A. C. Bicknell. L51706 Higher-Strength SMAW Filler Metals. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010418.

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The welding of high strength steels in general, and for pipeline fabrication in particular, has shown that cracking due to hydrogen absorption during welding is more complex in these steels than in older, lower strength steels. In older steels, primary strengthening was accomplished with carbon, which caused hydrogen cracking in the base metal HAZ under reasonably predictable conditions involving microstructure, residual stress and hydrogen level. Pipeline steels were and are in the vanguard of change in strengthening philosophy. The change involves two areas of steel making, chemical composit
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Acevedo, Ivonne, Francesca Castellani, María José Cota, Giulia Lotti, and Miguel Székely. Open configuration options Higher Inequality in Latin America: A Collateral Effect of the Pandemic. Inter-American Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003967.

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This study explores the evolution of inequality in Latin America during the COVID-19 pandemic using primary data available from household and employment surveys collected in 2020. Inequality increased on average by 2 percent between 2019 and 2020, twice the average annual growth in the inequality indicator that marked the decade of growing inequality in the 1990s. We obtained heterogeneous results when disaggregating by gender, urban/rural location, and sector of economic activity. Surprisingly, we found that the differences in income by education level declined in most cases. Remittances had
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Heresi, Rodrigo, and Andrew Powell. Corporate Debt and Investment in the Post-Covid World. Inter-American Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004464.

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We study the relationship between corporate debt, corporate risk and firm-level investment, using a sample of 25,000 listed companies across 47 countries over the last two decades. We find higher leverage reduces investment but show the effect varies with risk, as measured by firm time-varying distance to default. Firms with higher market valuations and lower volatility do not suffer a debt overhang at all, while the effect is exacerbated for riskier firms. Debt overhang effects worsen significantly in economic crises, and the effects may persist for two to three years after the shock. Given t
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Micco, Alejandro, and Carmen Pagés. The Economic Effects of Employment Protection: Evidence from International Industry-Level Data. Inter-American Development Bank, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010723.

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This paper examines the economic effects of employment protection legislation in a sample of developed and developing countries. Implementing a difference-in-differences test lessens the potentially severe endogeneity and omitted variable problems associated with cross-country regressions. This test is based on the hypothesis that employment protection regulations are more binding in sectors of activity exposed to higher volatility in demand or supply shocks. The analysis indicates that more stringent legislation slows down job turnover by a significant amount, and that this effect is more pro
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Kanner, Joseph, Dennis Miller, Ido Bartov, John Kinsella, and Stella Harel. The Effect of Dietary Iron Level on Lipid Peroxidation of Muscle Food. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604282.bard.

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Biological oxidations are almost exclusively metal ion-promoted reactions and in ths respect iron, being the most abundant, is the commonly involved. The effect of dietary iron levels on pork, turkey and chick muscle lipid peroxidation and various other related compounds were evaluated. Crossbred feeder pigs were fed to market weight on corn-soy rations containing either 62, 131 or 209 ppm iron. After slaughter, the muscles were dissected, cooked and stored at 4°C. Heavily fortifying swine rations with iron (&gt;200 ppm) increase nn-heme iron (NHI), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA
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Harris, Jeremy, Olivier Cadot, Alejandro Graziano, and Christian Volpe Martincus. Do Rules of Origin Constrain Export Growth? Firm-Level Evidence from Colombia. Inter-American Development Bank, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006987.

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This paper estimates empirically the effect of preference utilization on export growth at the level of the firm using a unique transaction-level dataset of Colombia's imports from Argentina, Peru and Uruguay over 2000-2011, a period during which Colombia granted improved market access to Argentina and Uruguay. We show that preference utilization induces sorting among exporters on the basis of size and intermediates sourcing. We also show that preference utilization correlates strongly with export growth after controlling for firm-specific, time-variant unobservables through a powerful array of
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Valencia, Oscar, Matilde Angarita, Juan Santaella, and Marcela De Castro. Do Immigrants Bring Fiscal Dividends?: The Case of Venezuelan Immigration in Colombia. Inter-American Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002993.

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This paper analyzes the effects of recent Venezuelan immigration to Colombia on the fiscal balance, the labor market, and economic growth. For this purpose, we built a dynamic general equilibrium model with a search and matching structure in the labor market. The higher fiscal spending to address immigration negatively impacts the government's budget in the short term, which is offset by higher output, consumption, and employment level, increasing the government's revenues mainly through indirect tax collection. The effect on the labor market is different for unskilled workers--whose higher su
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Schoen, Robert C., Christopher Rhoads, Alexandra Lane Perez, Amanda M. Tazaz, and Walter G. Secada. Impact of Cognitively Guided Instruction on Elementary School Mathematics Achievement: Five Years After the Initial Opportunity. Florida State University Library, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33009/fsu.1653430141.

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We studied the impact of a long-term teacher professional development program on elementary school mathematics achievement five years after the initial randomization using an intent-to-treat approach and all available achievement data for kindergarten through fifth-grade students. The intervention consisted of a randomized offer for teachers in 22 schools to participate in a professional-development program based on Cognitively Guided Instruction. The intervention had a small positive effect (g = 0.03) on mathematics achievement in the primary grades and a larger effect (g = 0.16) in the inter
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Cazzuffi, Chiara, Mariana Pereira-López, Irving Rosales, and Isidro Soloaga. Monopsony Power and Labor Income Inequality in Mexico. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005085.

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We examine the impact of changes in local labor market concentration on two components of income inequality in Mexico: local wage shares and labor income inequal-ty. Combining data from the Economic Census and the Population and Housing Censuses, we analyze the mechanisms that drive the relationship between concentration and labor income inequality by considering heterogeneities across groups of workers (skilled and unskilled) and sectors. In line with previous studies for developed countries and with the emerging literature on monopsony power, we first show that a higher level of concentratio
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