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Journal articles on the topic 'Entric fever'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Nasreen, Dr Bushra. "A study on changing trends in the management of Entric fever." International Journal of Paediatrics and Geriatrics 2, no. 1 (2019): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/26643685.2019.v2.i1a.125.

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Narendra, Deshmukh, and Jagtap Vishwas. "Study of multi drug resistant S.typhi and MIC in Ausa and Latur region in Maharashtra state of India." International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Research 12, no. 3 (2021): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5635606.

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<strong>ABSTRACT:</strong> Enteric (typhoid) fever is a systemic disease characterized by fever and abdominal pain caused by dissemination of Salmonella Typhi or Salmonella Paratyphi type A, B, or C. Fever (38.8-40.5°C; 101.8-104.9°F) is documented at presentation in more than 75% of cases and is typically prolonged, continuing up to 4 weeks if untreated. Symptoms reported on initial medical evaluation include headache (80%), chills (35-45%), cough (30%), sweating (20-25%), myalgias (20%), malaise (10%), and arthralgia (2-4%). Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms include anorexia (55%), abdo

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3

Abu Jheasha, Amal A., Moutasem Ashhab, Osama N. Dukmak, et al. "Digestive hemorrhage and fever as a result of a double secondary aortoenteric fistula following the repair of a juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm and an infection of the aortobifemoral bypass graft: a case report." Annals of Medicine & Surgery 85, no. 8 (2023): 4053–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ms9.0000000000000909.

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Introduction: A double secondary aortoenteric fistula (AEF) occurs in a patient who has had significant aortic surgery and is characterized by a direct connection between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the aorta at two separate sites. Importance: During aortoc reconstructive surgery, the patient may present with a variety of unusual complaints, including fever and GI bleeding. These symptoms are indicative of problems, including the development of an aortoentric fistula, particularly when there is a double secondary fistula. Case presentation: The patient was admitted to the hospital due

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Admassu, Dawit, Gudina Egata, and Zelalem Teklemariam. "Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi among febrile patients at Karamara Hospital, Jigjiga, eastern Ethiopia." SAGE Open Medicine 7 (January 2019): 205031211983785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312119837854.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi among febrile patients at Karamara Hospital, Jigjiga, eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 203 febrile patients presumptive of enteric fever ( Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi) at Karamara Hospital from 15 February to 20 March 2016. Venous blood was collected, cultured, and biochemical tests were performed. Antimicrobial susceptibility

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Manipura, Radhakrishna. "A RARE SEROTYPE SALMONELLA WELTEVREDEN CAUSING ENTERIC FEVER IN AN HIV POSITIVE PATIENT IN MANGALORE." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 9, no. 6 (2016): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9i6.14144.

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Enteric fever is endemic in India. Usually caused by Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhi and Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi A. Enteric fever due to non typhoidal salmonellae is rare. We report an extremely rare case of enteric fever caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Weltevreden in a HIV positive 27 year old male.

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Feroz, Bushra, Arshad Khushdil, Imran Ahmad Memon, Sadaf Nawaz, Maryam Shahzadi, and Waqas Akhtar. "Extensively Drug Resistance Enteric Fever in Tertiary Care Hospital." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, no. 5 (2023): 129–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023175129.

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Background: Salmonella enterica causes typhoid and paratyphoid fevers. Pakistan and other South Asian nations with little resources, including those with poor sanitation and hygiene, are particularly susceptible to enteric fever. Enteric fever is a disease which is extensively resistant to majority of antibiotics and these strains are rapidly spreading in Pakistan, raising concerns about the global failure of antibiotics. Study design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: Department of Pediatrics, CMH Quetta from 1st July 2022 to 31st December 2022. Methodology: A ho

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Ashraf, Sana, Mehtab Hussain, Asma Noreen, Falak Abro, Nadeem Noor, and Ramla Rahman. "Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) Enteric Fever in Children." Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry 14, no. 1 (2025): 95–101. https://doi.org/10.36283/ziun-pjmd14-1/015.

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Background: Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers are caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies serovars typhi (Salmonella typhi and Paratyphi) and the term enteric fever is generally used to describe both. This study was done to determine the frequency of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) in children diagnosed with enteric fever at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Medicine, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, from April 2023 to September 2023. A total of 122 children aged between 2-12 years with an axillary body temper

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Jain, Sarika, and Tulsi Das Chugh. "Antimicrobial resistance among blood culture isolates of Salmonella enterica in New Delhi." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 7, no. 11 (2013): 788–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.3030.

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Introduction: Enteric fever is a global public health problem, especially in developing countries. Antimicrobial resistance is a major issue enteric fever management. This study examined current pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility among Salmonella enterica isolates from enteric fever cases at a tertiary care centre in New Delhi, India. Methodology: Blood cultures from patients with enteric fever during January 2010- July 2012 were processed using the BACTEC automated system. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method and/or Phoenix 100 automated syste

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Budhathoki, Sunil, Satyam Rimal, Lopsang Lama, Sabina Shrestha, Seshananda Sanjel, and Kapil Amgain. "Clinical Profile of Enteric Fever in Children of a Tertiary Care Centre in Kathmandu, Nepal." Journal of Karnali Academy of Health Sciences 3, no. 2 (2020): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkahs.v3i2.31327.

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Background: Enteric fever, commonly known as typhoid fever is a global public health problem. It is one of the common infectious diseases of humans, fever lasting for more than 7 days. It is transmitted by faecooral route and common in the areas with poor sanitation. Globally, majority of the Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella enterica var typhi, one fifth of the infection is caused by Salmonella enterica var paratyphi. This study was conducted to describe clinical and laboratory parameters among children with enteric fever. Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducte

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Subedi, Kusum, Sushma Gautam, Rajeshwori Swar, Charu Arjyal, and Basista Prasad Rijal. "Seasonal Variation of Enteric Fever in Kathmandu Valley and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Salmonella Enterica." Tribhuvan University Journal 36, no. 01 (2021): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v36i01.43512.

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Enteric fever is of public health concern globally, more in the developing countries, which has been causing many morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. It is mostly related to poor sanitation and contaminated drinking water. This study aims to study the seasonal variation of enteric fever seen in Kathmandu valley and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the isolated bacteria. Therefore, blood culture of suspected patients of enteric fever was conducted from April 2018 to April 2020 using standard microbiological techniques; antimicrobial susceptibility testing was pe

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Saulo, Emmanuel Gómez de Alba, Ramírez Nucamendi Leonardo, Barbara Escobedo Sandoval Vania, Verónica Villafaña Martínez Nayeli, Lizbeth Zamudio Naranjo Paola, and Jazmín García Godínez Claudia. "Update on Treatment of Enteric Fever in Pediatric Patients According to Current Multidrug Resistance." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE AND CLINICAL RESEARCH STUDIES 03, no. 10 (2023): 2227–30. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8425783.

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<strong>Introduction:</strong> Enteric fever is a severe systemic disease caused by a gram-negative bacillus, Salmonella Enterica serotype Typhi. It commonly occurs in children and young adults. The aim of the research is to address the treatment of enteric fever in pediatric patients including multidrug resistance to first-line drugs.   The treatment of enteric fever has been complicated by the worldwide spread of typhoid organisms resistant to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol. Ceftriaxone damages the germ structure that can kill Salmonella typhi, germ r

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Ghenghesh, Khalifa Sifaw, Ezzedin Franka, Khaled Tawil, et al. "Enteric Fever in Mediterranean North Africa." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 3, no. 10 (2009): 753–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.606.

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Typhoid fever is endemic in the Mediterranean North African countries (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt) with an estimated incidence of 10-100 cases per 100,000 persons. Outbreaks caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi are common and mainly due to the consumption of untreated or sewage-contaminated water. Salmonella enterica Paratyphi B is more commonly involved in nosocomial cases of enteric fever in North Africa than expected and leads to high mortality rates among infants with congenital anomalies. Prevalence among travellers returning from this region is low, with an estima

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Kokare, Rashmi Shankar, Anurag Kumar Bari, Joanna Valanie Pereira, Kinjal Patel, and Aruna Poojary. "Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Ceftriaxone and Azithromycin for blood culture isolates of Salmonella enterica spp." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 15, no. 04 (2021): 538–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.13454.

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Introduction: Enteric fever caused by Salmonella enterica continues to be a major public health problem worldwide. In the last decade, ceftriaxone and azithromycin have become the drugs of choice for treating enteric fever caused by Nalidixic acid resistant Salmonella (NARS) enterica. This has led to reports of drug resistance to both drugs. Since enteric fever is endemic in India, accurate drug susceptibility surveillance is crucial to ensure empiric management of enteric fever is appropriate. The aim of this study is to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ceftriaxone and a

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Kim, Samuel, Kang Sung Lee, Gi Deok Pak, et al. "Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever Outbreaks: A Worldwide Review, 1990–2018." Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, Supplement_6 (2019): S499—S509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz705.

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Abstract Background Analyses of the global spatial and temporal distribution of enteric fever outbreaks worldwide are important factors to consider in estimating the disease burden of enteric fever disease burden. Methods We conducted a global literature review of enteric fever outbreak data by systematically using multiple databases from 1 January 1990 to 31 December 2018 and classified them by time, place, diagnostic methods, and drug susceptibility, to illustrate outbreak characteristics including spatial and temporal patterns. Results There were 180 940 cases in 303 identified outbreaks ca

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Saad, Maliha, Humaira Khan, Sabahat Rehman, Humera Javed, Nazish Babar, and Sara Najeeb. "Susceptibility to Fluoroquinolones among Salmonella Enterica Serovars in Blood Culture." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 9 (2022): 847–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22169847.

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Background and Aim: Enteric fever is a severe bloodstream infection contributing to higher rate of morbidity and mortality around the globe caused by S. Typhi and Paratyphi A. Fecal-oral route is the prevalent transmission route of enteric fever that manifests with various clinical outcomes such as nausea, fever, transient rash, chills, hepatosplenomegaly, abdominal discomfort, and malaise. Assessment of susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Salmonella enterica serovars in blood cultures was the prime objective of the current study. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 32

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Haque, Md Azizul, Laila Shamima Sharmin, KM Faisal Alam, Md Mohimanul Hoque, M. Morsed Zaman Miah, and Md Shah Alam. "Antibiotic Sensitivity and Resistance Patterns of Salmonella Typhi in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital." TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association 33, no. 2 (2020): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/taj.v33i2.51307.

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Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers, collectively known as enteric fever, is caused by Salmonella enterica subspecies serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A, B and C. Despite this declining global trend, enteric fever is still considered to be a major public health hazard in Bangladesh and other developing countries due to poor sanitation, inadequate food safety measures and poor personal hygiene. In Bangladesh, the incidence of typhoid fever was reported to be 200 episodes per 100,000 person-years during 2003–2004. Multidrug-resistant (resistance to the first-line antimicrobials ampicillin, cotrimoxazole,

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Shah, Syeda Aminah, and Sabahat Amir. "Frequency of Extensively Drug Resistant Typhoid Fever in Children Aged 4-16 Years at Pediatrics Unit of Khyber Teaching Hospital." Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal 6, no. 2 (2025): 16–18. https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v6i2.1551.

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Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) enteric fever is a growing public health concern, particularly in pediatric populations. The increasing resistance to multiple antibiotics limits treatment options and complicates disease management. Identifying demographic and clinical factors associated with XDR enteric fever is crucial for improving early diagnosis and intervention strategies. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the frequency of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) enteric fever in pediatric patients and identify associated demographic and clinical factors. Methodology: Over six months, a

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Kawser, Shamima, Md Ruhul Amin Miah, Ahmed Abu Saleh, Khandker Md Nurus Sabah, and Tanzima Begum. "Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration of Azithromycin, Ofloxacin and Ceftriaxone in Ciprofloxacin resistant Salmonella causing enteric fever." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology 5, no. 1 (2013): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v5i1.15818.

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The therapeutic alternatives available for use against ciprofloxacin resistant enteric fever isolates in an endemic area are limited. The antibiotics currently available are the quinolones, third-generation cephalosporins and azithromycin. In this study, the MICs of various drugs were determined for 100 enteric fever isolates (72 Salmonella enterica serovar typhi and 28 Salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi A ). Ciprofloxacin resistant (1oo%) Salmonella strains were sensitive to ofloxacin and ceftriaxone showing MICs of 0.0078-2 g /ml and 0.0156-2g /ml respectively. Salmonella strains (98%) ha

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Niroula, Dhirendra, Jyotsna Shrestha, Supriya Sharma, and Anjana Singh. "Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Salmonella Enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A Isolated From Patients Suspected of Enteric Fever." Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology 7 (December 26, 2020): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tujm.v7i0.33791.

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Objectives: The study aimed to assess the antibiotic susceptibility profile of Salmonella spp isolated from patients suspected of enteric fever. Methods: This cross-sectional prospective study was carried out from April to June, 2014among 484 patients clinically suspected of enteric fever visiting Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Blood sample collected from each patient was processed for culture in bile broth. Identification of Salmonella spp was done by conventional microbiological techniques including colony characteristics, Gram's staining and biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibili

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Rana, B. SJB, and SK Pradhan. "Hematological parameters of Salmonella typhi and paratyphi culture positive patients from Kathmandu Valley, Nepal." Journal of Institute of Medicine Nepal 37, no. 3 (2015): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.59779/jiomnepal.744.

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Introduction: Salmonella enterica causes febrile illnesses leading to changes in hematological parameters. Developing countries like Nepal remain an endemic area for this disease. However, the changes in hematological parameters among Nepalese population have not been well documented in correlation with culture diagnosed cases. Methods: A total of 204 individuals (102 cases and 102 controls) were included in a cross-sectional, analytical comparative study. The cases and controls were recruited from the tertiary care centers in Kathmandu. The hematological parameters from both culture diagnosed

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Kawser, Shamima, Ruhul Amin Miah, Khandker Md Nurus Sabah, Tanzima Begum, and Shahin Sultana. "Sensitivity pattern of azithrymycin, ofloxacin and ceftriaxone in ciprofloxacin resistant salmonella causing enteric fever." Journal of Dhaka Medical College 22, no. 1 (2013): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v22i1.15627.

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The therapeutic alternatives available for use against ciprofloxacin resistant enteric fever isolates in an endemic area are limited. A cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, from January to December 2008, to see the sensitivity pattern of azithrymycin, ofloxacin and ceftriaxone in ciprofloxacin resistant salmonella causing enteric fever. In this study, the MICs of various drugs were determined for 100 enteric fever isolates (72 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and 28 Salmonella ente

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Oo, Khine Mar, Tin Ohn Myat, Wah Win Htike, et al. "Molecular mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance and phylogenetic relationships of Salmonella enterica isolates from febrile patients in Yangon, Myanmar." Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 113, no. 10 (2019): 641–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trz053.

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Abstract Background Enteric fever is common in southeast Asia. However, there is little information on the circulating Salmonella enterica strains causing enteric fever in Myanmar. Methods We performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing on S. enterica bloodstream isolates from febrile patients aged ≥12 y attending two hospitals in Yangon, Myanmar, from 5 October 2015 through 4 October 2016. We identified the serovar of S. enterica, determined antimicrobial susceptibility and the molecular mechanisms of resistance. We analysed phylogenetic relationships among Myanm

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Neupane, Durga P., Hari P. Dulal, and Jeongmin Song. "Enteric Fever Diagnosis: Current Challenges and Future Directions." Pathogens 10, no. 4 (2021): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10040410.

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Enteric fever is a life-threatening systemic febrile disease caused by Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi (S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi). Unfortunately, the burden of the disease remains high primarily due to the global spread of various drug-resistant Salmonella strains despite continuous advancement in the field. An accurate diagnosis is critical for effective control of the disease. However, enteric fever diagnosis based on clinical presentations is challenging due to overlapping symptoms with other febrile illnesses that are also prevalent in endemic areas. Current laboratory te

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Shrestha, D., U. Kalakheti, M. Shrestha, S. Shrestha, P. Shrestha, and J. Acharya. "Comparison of Blood Culture and Single Slide Agglutination Widal Test for the Diagnosis of Enteric Fever." Journal of Institute of Medicine Nepal 36, no. 1 (2014): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.59779/jiomnepal.558.

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Introduction: Enteric fever is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the developing world. Unawareness of public concerning the sanitation & hygiene led to the high prevalence of the disease. Methods: Blood sample of patients suspecting enteric fever attending STIDH of all age group were collected & simultaneously data on pre-disposing factors associated with systemic febrile illness were collected according to the questionnaire designated. The collected blood samples were brought immediately to the laboratory. Upon arrival, the blood samples were processed for blood culture an

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Sultan, Aqib, Nida Safdar, Nasrullah Malik, and Summaiya Nizamuddin. "Azithromycin susceptibility testing for salmonella enterica isolates: Comparing disk diffusion results with MIC gradient strips." Infectious Diseases Journal of Pakistan 32, no. 4 (2023): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.61529/idjp.v32i4.242.

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Background: Enteric fever remains an imperative public health problem in developing countries. After the emergence of cephalosporin resistance in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi, azithromycin is increasingly being used for oral treatment of enteric fever. Reports of sporadic azithromycin resistance have been reported across the country, additionally, misuse of azithromycin during the COVID-19 pandemic has concerns regarding emerging azithromycin resistance. This study evaluated the reliability of the disc diffusion method as a screening test for detecting azithromycin resista

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Zorgani, Abdulaziz, and Hisham Ziglam. "Typhoid fever: misuse of Widal test in Libya." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 8, no. 06 (2014): 680–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.3700.

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The worldwide gold standard of diagnosing of enteric fever depends on the isolation of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi from a patient’s bone marrow and/or blood culture. In Libya clinicians are heavily dependent on the Widal test for diagnosis of enteric fever which has been used without determining the locally appropriate threshold titer, because the laboratories lack the skilled, experienced personnel and appropriate facilities to detect and serotype Salmonella isolates. To improve the diagnosis process, clinical management and reliability of public health measures, there is an urgent need

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Ullah, Naqeeb, Yasir Ali, Shahzad Zafar, et al. "Assessment of antibiotic resistance patterns in enteric fever patients." International journal of health sciences 7, S1 (2023): 3256–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v7ns1.14862.

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Enteric fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi. Hence, it poses challenges in diagnosis and treatment due to variable clinical presentation and increasing antibiotic resistance. This systematic review and meta-analysis assess antibiotic resistance patterns in enteric fever patients. While discussing diagnostic methods, treatment modalities, and preventive strategies. The current literature highlights diagnostic challenges despite advancements, emphasizing the need for improved tools. So, antimicrobial resistance, particularly among younger populations, underscores th

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Pandey et al, M. R. "Enteric Fever." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 7, no. 3-4 (2003): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.1543.

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Singhi, Sunit, and Javed Ismail. "Enteric fever." Journal of Pediatric Critical Care 4, no. 3 (2017): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21304/2017.0403.00197.

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Kumar, Praveen, and Ruchika Kumar. "Enteric Fever." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 84, no. 3 (2016): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-016-2246-4.

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Singh, Kapil, Kirti Nirmal, Seema Gangar, and Shukla Das. "Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Salmonella enterica of the Blood Culture Isolates Amongst Febrile Patients: One and Half Year Hospital Based Retrospective Study." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 13, no. 5 (2024): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2024.1305.015.

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Enteric fever, which is caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi/ Paratyphi A, B, and C is an endemic febrile illness in India. The objective of this retrospective study was to analysed the patterns of drug resistance in Salmonella enterica isolates in blood culture isolates among febrile patients. A tertiary care institution conducted a one and a half years retrospective analysis (July 2022–Dec 2023). An observational, prospective study screened febrile malaria-negative adults and children for typhoid fever. Venous blood samples were aseptically obtained, inoculated in blood culture bottle

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Hamdulay, Dr Khadija, Rajendra Ravekar, and Ashwini Tayade. "Analytical observational study of salmonella PCR and its comparison with routine laboratory parameters in cases of enteric fever in tertiary care hospital in central India." F1000Research 13 (May 28, 2024): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.145892.1.

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Background Enteric fever, predominantly caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi, remains a significant global health concern, particularly in resource-limited settings. The diagnostic landscape for enteric fever relies on traditional methods such as the Widal test and blood culture, each with inherent limitations regarding sensitivity and turnaround time. Methods The study will employ an Analytical Observational Study design conducted at Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital in central India over a two-year period. Participants will include adults above 18 years admitted to the ward or Inte

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Joshi, BG, K. Keyal, R. Pandey, and BM Shrestha. "Clinical Profile and Sensitivity Pattern of Salmonella Serotypes in Children: A Hospital Based Study." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 31, no. 3 (2011): 180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v31i3.4382.

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Introduction: Enteric fever is a systemic infection caused by the bacteria, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S.typhi) and Salmonella enterica serovara Paratyphi (S. paratyphi A, B and C). Most of the burden of the disease is limited to the developing world and the disease still has the issues like wide spectrum of clinical presentation and multidrug resistance. Objectives: This study was done to analyze the clinical profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in the cases of culture positive enteric fever. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Civil Service Hospital fr

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Gautam, Swapnil, Suraj Purushothaman, Kinjal P. Patel, Ajay P. Sankhe, and Madhuri R. Mahadik. "Assessment of clinical profile, antibiotic sensitivity and prescription pattern in blood culture positive enteric fever among pediatric and adult patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital: a prospective study." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 9 (2019): 3270. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20193696.

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Background: Asterion Introduction: Enteric fever is a major concern in developing country. It is predominantly caused by serovars typhi and paratyphi of Salmonella enterica. Recently, an upsurge in antimicrobial resistant strains has worsened the management of enteric fever. So, aim of present study is to evaluate the clinical profile, antibiotic sensitivity and prescription pattern in blood culture proven cases of enteric fever in pediatric and adult patients.Methods: Single centre, prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital. Demographic and clinical details of blood culture

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Razzaq, Muhammad Mehroon, Wahaj Ul Hassan Khan, Maryam Hussain, Qaiser Hayat, Saliha Wazir, and Hafsa Waqar. "Comparison of Culture Proven Enteric Fever Treatment with Meropenem Alone Vs Combination of Meropenem and Azithromycin." Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research 3, no. 2 (2023): 941–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v3i2.263.

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Background: Enteric fever, primarily caused by Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi, remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in regions with limited access to clean water and sanitation. The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains has prompted the exploration of effective antibiotic regimens. While Meropenem has become a critical treatment option, the potential benefit of combining it with Azithromycin is not well established. Objective: The study aimed to compare the efficacy of Meropenem alone versus a combination of Meropenem and Azithromycin in the treatme

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Aiemjoy, Kristen, Dipesh Tamrakar, Shampa Saha, et al. "Diagnostic Value of Clinical Features to Distinguish Enteric Fever From Other Febrile Illnesses in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan." Clinical Infectious Diseases 71, Supplement_3 (2020): S257—S265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1297.

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Abstract Background Enteric fever, a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi A, frequently presents as a nonlocalizing febrile illness that is difficult to distinguish from other infectious causes of fever. Blood culture is not widely available in endemic settings and, even when available, results can take up to 5 days. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of clinical features, including both reported symptoms and clinical signs, of enteric fever among patients participating in the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP), a 3-year survei

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Ty, Albert U., Gary Y. Ang, Li Wei Ang, Lyn James, and Kee Tai Goh. "Changing Epidemiology of Enteric Fevers in Singapore." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 39, no. 12 (2010): 889–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v39n12p889.

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Introduction: We studied the epidemiological trends of enteric fevers (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) in Singapore from 1990 to 2009 and carried out a review of the current prevention and control measures. Materials and Methods: Epidemiological records of all reported enteric fevers maintained by the Communicable Diseases Division, Ministry of Health from 1990 to 2009 were analysed. Results: A total of 2464 laboratory confirmed cases of enteric fevers (1699 cases of typhoid and 765 cases of paratyphoid) were reported. Of these, 75% were imported, mainly from India and Indonesia. There had been

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Jain, Charu, and Nikita. "Antimicrobial Profile and Prevalence of Salmonella Species from Blood Culture in A Tertiary Care Hospital." Medical and Health Science Journal 7, no. 02 (2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33086/mhsj.v7i02.3943.

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Background & Aim: Enteric fever is a major public health concern around the world and endemic in low- and middle-income countries like, India. Typically, it spreads through contaminated food or water. Salmonella Typhi proliferate and spread throughout the bloodstream seeding multiple organs in the body. Incidence data of culture confirmed Typhoid cases is approximately 377per 100000 population with an approximate case fatality rate of 1% in India. The management of cases are hampered due to emerging the drug resistance of isolates because of rampant and misuse of antibiotics. This study in

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Chaudhary, Raina, Khagendra Sijapati, and Sunil Kumar Singh. "A study on Nalidixic Acid Resistant Salmonella among the patients attending Shree Birendra Hospital." Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital 10, no. 2 (2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v10i2.6453.

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Introduction: Enteric fever is the commonest public health problem in developing countries like Nepal. Multi Drug Resistant Salmonella isolates are in vitro susceptible to Quinolone but exhibited a higher Minimum Inhibitory Concentration in vivo. Such phenomenon can be demonstrated by simple disc diffusion test of Nalidixic Acid which shows resistance. This study is conducted to determine prevalence of Nalidixic Acid Resistant Salmonella with their anti biotic sensitivity pattern at Shree Birendra Hospital, Chauni, kathmandu. Method: Of total 3945 blood samples from the patients suspected to h

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Ahamed Riyaaz, Abdul Azeez, Vindya Perera, Sabaratnam Sivakumaran та Nelun de Silva. "Typhoid Fever due to Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi: A Case Report and Literature Review". Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2018 (2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4610246.

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Emergence of cephalosporin-resistant strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a cause of concern in the management of enteric fever. Cephalosporin resistance in Salmonella species is mainly due to the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). The majority of ESBLs in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi are derivatives of the TEM, SHV, and CTX-M β-lactamase families. Of these, CTX-M appears to be predominant. This paper discusses the detection and molecular characterization of an ESBL-producing Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strain isolated from a patient who was admitted to

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Halder, Partha Pratim, Parinita Ranjit, Barnali Ghosh Das, and Subhajit Dey Sarkar. "Spectrum of complications in blood culture positive enteric  fever in children aged 1-15 years: A 10-year-experience from a tertiary care centre in Eastern India." Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health 53, no. 1 (2024): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljch.v53i1.10691.

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Background: Enteric fever is caused by Salmonella enterica serovar typhi and Paratyphi A, B and C. Blood culture is the gold standard for diagnosis, but is not always feasible due to logistical issues. This may delay definite diagnosis and treatment resulting in increased complications.Objectives: To document the spectrum of complications involving different organ systems in blood-culture positive enteric cases Method: This was a single centre retrospective observational study conducted in the Institute of Child Health (ICH), Kolkata, India. The study period was from January 2013 to December 2

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Blohmke, Christoph J., Thomas C. Darton, Claire Jones, et al. "Interferon-driven alterations of the host’s amino acid metabolism in the pathogenesis of typhoid fever." Journal of Experimental Medicine 213, no. 6 (2016): 1061–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20151025.

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Enteric fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, is an important public health problem in resource-limited settings and, despite decades of research, human responses to the infection are poorly understood. In 41 healthy adults experimentally infected with wild-type S. Typhi, we detected significant cytokine responses within 12 h of bacterial ingestion. These early responses did not correlate with subsequent clinical disease outcomes and likely indicate initial host–pathogen interactions in the gut mucosa. In participants developing enteric fever after oral infection, marked transcri

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Matlani, Monika, Pramod Kumar, Shyam S. Meena, Mohan Vashistha, and Vinita Dogra. "Etiological Trends and Epidemiological Profile of Tropical Fever in Children Presenting with Acute Undifferentiated Fever at a Tertiary Care Centre in North India." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 41, no. 1 (2021): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v41i1.29595.

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    Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine the etiology of acute undifferentiated fevers (AUF) in hospitalised children with in a tertiary care centre in North India. The various causes of acute undifferentiated fevers included dengue, malaria, scrub typhus, enteric fever, leptospirosis and Chikungunya. The clinical spectrum and therapeutic outcome of these cases was also studied. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted over a period of 6 months from June 2019 to December 2019. The clinical information of 126 children who tested positiv

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Gouda, Zainab Ali. "Enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever)." SHIFAA 2024 (April 6, 2024): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.70470/shifaa/2024/007.

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Infectious agents that are responsible for typhoid fever are mostly Salmonella typhi and Salmonella Para-typhi, both of which belong to the family of bacteria known as Enterobacteriaceae. Following a thorough investigation, multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used in order to isolate Salmonella enterica serovar and enteritidis. In most cases, gastroenteritis is the only symptom that is associated with nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS), which mostly affects neonates. In addition to being spread by contaminated water, raw food, and clusters of sick persons, salmonella is most p

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MacLennan, Calman A., Jeffrey Stanaway, Stephanie Grow, Kirsten Vannice, and A. Duncan Steele. "Salmonella Combination Vaccines: Moving Beyond Typhoid." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 10, Supplement_1 (2023): S58—S66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofad041.

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Abstract There is now a robust pipeline of licensed and World Health Organization (WHO)–prequalified typhoid conjugate vaccines with a steady progression of national introductions. However, typhoid fever is responsible for less than half the total global burden of Salmonella disease, and even less among children aged &lt;5 years. Invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease is the dominant clinical presentation of Salmonella in Africa, and over a quarter of enteric fever in Asia is due to paratyphoid A. In this article, we explore the case for combination Salmonella vaccines, review the curren

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Shinoda, Sumio, Tamaki Mizuno, and Shin-ichi Miyoshi. "General Review on Hog Cholera (Classical Swine Fever), African Swine Fever, and Salmonella enterica Serovar Choleraesuis Infection." Journal of Disaster Research 14, no. 8 (2019): 1105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2019.p1105.

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Classical swine fever (CSF, hog cholera) has reemerged in Japan after 26 years and affected domestic pigs and wild boars. CSF was reported in Gifu prefecture on September 2018. Approximately 90,000 breeding domestic pigs were sacrificed by farmers of Gifu and Aichi prefectures to prevent expansion of CSF outbreak. In mid September 2019, CSF outbreaks have occurred in 8 prefectures in central Japan. African swine fever (ASF) is another viral infectious disease that affects domestic pigs and wild boars, although the etiologic agent is different from that of CSF. Both CSF and ASF affect pig farme

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Nayak, Niranjan, Rajani Shrestha, Dharm Raj Bhatta, Deependra Hamal, Supram Hosuru Subramanya, and Shishir Gokhale. "Reemergence of Chloramphenicol Sensitivity among Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi : a six year experience in a tertiary care hospital in Nepal." International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research 1, no. 4 (2018): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31632/ijalsr.2018v01i04.002.

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Emerging drug resistance among Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi has become challenging in the treatment of enteric fever. The objective of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Salmonella serotypes isolated from patients with enteric fever admitted to Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara,Nepal. A total of 30 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, Paratyphi A, and Paratyphi B isolated from cases of typhoid and paratyphoid fever admitted to Manipal Teaching Hospital over a period from January 2012 to March 2018 were investigated. All strains were identified by standard mic

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Barakoti, Achut, Junu Richhinbung Rai, Ram Prasad Adhikari, and Laxmi Kant Khanal. "Comparison of Antibody Titre Against Salmonella Species among Healthy Individuals and Febrile Patients." Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 14, no. 3 (2018): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v14i3.20860.

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Background: Widal tube agglutination test is a widely used laboratory test for diagnosis of enteric fever especially in resource limited countries where blood culture are not routinely available. We studied the titres from different groups including febrile and healthy populations in order to identify the significant agglutination titre. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional study. Subjects were divided into three groups: 1) 60 healthy blood samples from volunteer students, 2) 60 febrile non-typhoidal cases and 3) 58 culture positive patient for enteric fever. Result

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Capoor, Malini R., Deepti Rawat, Deepthi Nair, et al. "In vitro activity of azithromycin, newer quinolones and cephalosporins in ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella causing enteric fever." Journal of Medical Microbiology 56, no. 11 (2007): 1490–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.47353-0.

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The therapeutic alternatives available for use against ciprofloxacin-resistant enteric fever isolates in an endemic area are limited. The antibiotics currently available are the quinolones, third-generation cephalosporins and conventional first-line drugs. In this study, the MICs of various newer drugs were determined for 31 ciprofloxacin-resistant enteric fever isolates (26 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and 5 S. enterica serovar Paratyphi A). MICs for ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, cefotaxime, cefixime, cefepime and azithromycin were determined using Etest strips an

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Adhikari, D., D. Acharya, P. Shrestha, and R. Amatya. "Ciprofloxacin susceptibility of Salmonella enteric serovar Typhi and Paratyphi A from blood samples of suspected enteric fever patients." International Journal of Infection and Microbiology 1, no. 1 (2012): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v1i1.6938.

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INTRODUCTION: Enteric fever caused by Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A is the common clinical diagnosis among febrile patients presenting to hospital in Nepal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ciprofloxacin (CIP) and other antibiotics susceptibility patterns of Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A from blood samples of suspected enteric fever patients visiting KIST Medical College, Kathmandu. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines whereas MIC determination of ciprof

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