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Journal articles on the topic 'Environmental and occupational health'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 April 2024

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1

Brønnum-Hansen, Henrik, Else Foverskov, and Ingelise Andersen. "Occupational inequality in health expectancy in Denmark." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 48, no. 3 (November 25, 2019): 338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494819882138.

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Background: The pension age in Denmark is adjusted in line with projected increasing life expectancy without taking health differentials between occupational groups into account. The purpose was to study occupational disparities in partial life expectancy and health expectancy between the ages of 50 and 75. Methods: Register data on occupation and mortality were combined with data from the Danish part of Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe in 2010–2014 ( N=3179). Expected lifetime without and with activity limitations and without and with long-term illness was estimated by Sullivan’s method and comparisons made between four occupational groups. Results: We found clear differences between occupational groups. Expected lifetime without activity limitations between the ages of 50 and 75 was about 4.5 years longer for men and women in high skilled white-collar occupations than for men and women in low skilled blue-collar occupations. Men in high skilled blue-collar and low skilled white-collar occupations could expect 2.3 and 3.8 years shorter lifetimes without activity limitations, respectively, than men in high skilled white-collar occupations. For women in low skilled white-collar occupations, lifetime without activity limitations was 2.6 years shorter than for women in high skilled white-collar occupations. Due to few observations, no results were obtained for women in the high skilled blue-collar group. The social gradient was also significant when health was measured by years without long-term illness. Conclusions: The results support implementation of a flexible pension scheme to take into account the health differentials between occupational groups.

2

Hendee, William R. "Occupational and Environmental Health." Cancer Prevention International 1, no. 1 (June 1, 1994): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/108399894792458194.

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Moure-Eraso, Rafael. "Occupational and Environmental Health." Journal of Public Health Policy 12, no. 1 (1991): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3342775.

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4

Pierce, J. Thomas. "Occupational and Environmental Health." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 39, no. 1 (January 2007): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000257789.88408.54.

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Bray, Alan. "Occupational and Environmental Health." Occupational Medicine 69, no. 3 (April 2019): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqy136.

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6

Sattler, Barbara. "Occupational and Environmental Health." AAOHN Journal 44, no. 5 (May 1996): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507999604400508.

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7

Fiore, Robin N., and Lora E. Fleming. "Occupational and Environmental Health." Professional Ethics, A Multidisciplinary Journal 11, no. 3 (2003): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/profethics200311316.

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8

Wilburn, Susan. "Environmental and Occupational Health Coalitions." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 102, no. 7 (July 2002): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-200207000-00048.

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9

Strasser, Patricia B. "Occupational and Environmental Health Nursing." Workplace Health & Safety 60, no. 4 (April 2012): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507991206000403.

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Rogers, Bonnie. "Occupational and Environmental Health Nursing." Workplace Health & Safety 60, no. 4 (April 2012): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507991206000406.

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11

Snyder, Meta, Virginia Ruth, Barbara Sattler, and Judith Strasser. "Environmental and Occupational Health Education." AAOHN Journal 42, no. 7 (July 1994): 325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507999404200703.

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12

Lichtenstein, Paul, Scott L. Hershberger, and Nancy L. Pedersen. "Dimensions of occupations: genetic and environmental influences." Journal of Biosocial Science 27, no. 2 (April 1995): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000022690.

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SummaryThis study investigates the dimensions of occupation, and distances between occupational categories, by using intra-pair differences in adult occupational position for identical twins reared apart. Status and farm dimensions of occupation were identified. The results validate the use of occupational status as a dimension of occupational position. The causes of individual differences for the derived status dimension were also evaluated, based on groups of identical and fraternal twins reared apart or together. Genetic effects accounted for a substantial amount of the variance in occupational status for men, while shared and non-shared environmental effects were of about equal importance. For women, genetic effects were less important, and shared and non-shared environmental effects accounted for more of the variation. The results confirm that genetic effects are important sources of the familial resemblance often found for occupational status for men.

13

Hawkins, Devan, Laura Punnett, Letitia Davis, and David Kriebel. "The Contribution of Occupation-Specific Factors to the Deaths of Despair, Massachusetts, 2005–2015." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 65, no. 7 (April 23, 2021): 819–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxab017.

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Abstract Objectives In the USA, deaths from poisonings (especially opioids), suicides, and alcoholic liver disease, collectively referred to as ‘deaths of despair’, have been increasing rapidly over the past two decades. The risk of deaths from these causes is known to be higher among certain occupations. It may be that specific exposures and experiences of workers in these occupations explain these differences in risk. This study sought to determine whether differences in the risk of deaths of despair were associated with rate of occupational injuries and illnesses, job insecurity, and temporal changes in employment in non-standard work arrangements. Methods Usual occupation information was collected from death certificates of Massachusetts residents aged 16–64 with relevant causes of death between 2005 and 2015. These data were combined with occupation-level data about occupational injuries and illnesses, job insecurity, and non-standard work arrangements. We calculated occupation-specific mortality rates for deaths of despair, categorized by occupational injury and illnesses rates and job insecurity. We calculated trends in mortality according to changes in non-standard work arrangements. Results Workers in occupations with higher injury and illnesses rates and more job insecurity had higher rates of deaths of despair, especially opioid-related deaths. Rates of deaths of despair increased most rapidly for occupations with increasing prevalence of workers employed in non-standard work arrangements. Conclusions The findings suggest occupational factors that may contribute to the risk of deaths of despair. Future studies should examine these factors with individual-level data. In the meantime, efforts should be made to address these factors, which also represent known or suspected hazards for other adverse health outcomes.

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Bovio, Nicolas, Danielle Vienneau, and Irina Guseva Canu. "O3D.6 Inventory of occupational, industrial and population cohorts in switzerland." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A29.1—A29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.77.

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ContextGiven the importance of harmonization in occupational epidemiology (OE) research, an European network, OMEGA-NET, is developing an inventory of occupational, industrial and population cohorts in Europe. We inventorized existing cohorts in Switzerland and assessed their relevance for OE.MethodsWe identified cohorts based on the review of data repositories and publications of the leading occupational and public health institutions in Switzerland. Cohorts were considered relevant for OE if data on occupation were available. The quality of these data was assessed critically.ResultsIn Switzerland, we found no industrial cohort, one retrospective occupational cohort exposed to magnetic fields [20,141 Swiss Federal Railway workers, cancer morbidity follow-up=1972–2002] and four population-based cohorts relevant for OE: the census-based Swiss National Cohort (SNC) [5.8 million adult residents in Switzerland, mortality by cause follow-up=1990–2014], the Study on Air Pollution And Lung Disease In Adults (SAPALDIA) [n=9,561, lung function and morbidity follow-up=1991-present], CoLaus|PsyCoLaus [6,700 35–75 year-old residents of Lausanne, cardiovascular and mental morbidity follow-up=2003-present], the Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in Hypertension (SKIPOGH) [1134 residents of Lausanne, Geneva and Berne, kidney and metabolic morbidity follow-up=2009-present].Occupation was coded using the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) only in the SNC (ISCO-68 and ISCO-88) and SAPALDIA (ISCO-88). In SKIPOGH, the Belgian Classification of occupations was used. In CoLaus|PsyCoLaus, occupation remains uncoded. Noteworthy, the percentage of missing occupations is 43%, non-reported, 65% and 61%, respectively.ConclusionHaving detailed high-quality data on multiple health outcomes, the identified Swiss cohorts may represent a valuable contribution to OE research. However, in absence of standardisation in collecting and coding of occupational data in these cohorts, their use in OE is still challenging. Planned harmonization efforts in frame of OMEGA-NET will be beneficial for improving the quality of these data and OE research in Switzerland and abroad.

15

Guidotti, Tee L. "The Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences." Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health 60, no. 1 (January 2005): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/aeoh.60.1.3-5.

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MSc, CN Ong. "Interface of Environmental and Occupational Health." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 1, no. 4 (October 1987): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101053958700100406.

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17

Scheepers, P. T. J. "MS in occupational and environmental health." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 16, no. 8 (September 1997): V—VI. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-9936(97)90081-9.

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18

Messing, Karen, and Donna Mergler. "Introduction: Women's occupational and environmental health." Environmental Research 101, no. 2 (June 2006): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2006.05.003.

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19

Rogers, Bonnie. "Linkages in Environmental and Occupational Health." AAOHN Journal 42, no. 7 (July 1994): 336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507999404200705.

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20

Lehnert, G. "Concepts in occupational and environmental health." International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 66, no. 5 (December 1994): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00378359.

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21

Hinds, W. C. "Parallels between community environmental health and occupational health." Western Journal of Medicine 176, no. 3 (May 1, 2002): 162–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ewjm.176.3.162.

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22

Karnik, Harshada, Elizabeth Wrigley-Field, Zachary Levin, Yea-Hung Chen, Erik W. Zabel, Marizen Ramirez, and Jonathon P. Leider. "Examining Excess Mortality Among Critical Workers in Minnesota During 2020–2021: An Occupational Analysis." American Journal of Public Health 113, no. 11 (November 2023): 1219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2023.307395.

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Objectives. To understand the occupational risk associated with COVID-19 among civilian critical workers (aged 16–65 years) in Minnesota. Methods. We estimated excess mortality in 2020 to 2021 for critical occupations in different racial groups and vaccine rollout phases using death certificates and occupational employment rates for 2017 to 2021. Results. Excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic was higher for workers in critical occupations than for noncritical workers. Some critical occupations, such as transportation and logistics, construction, and food service, experienced higher excess mortality than did other critical occupations, such as health care, K–12 school staff, and agriculture. In almost all occupations investigated, workers of color experienced higher excess mortality than did White workers. Excess mortality in 2021 was greater than in 2020 across groups: occupations, vaccine eligibility tiers, and race/ethnicity. Conclusions. Although workers in critical occupations experienced greater excess mortality than did others, excess mortality among critical workers varied substantially by occupation and race. Public Health Implications. Analysis of mortality across occupations can be used to identify vulnerable populations, prioritize protective interventions for them, and develop targeted worker safety protocols to promote equitable health outcomes. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(11):1219–1222. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307395 )

23

Sallmén, Markku, and Sanni Uuksulainen. "O5D.5 Construction of finnish ISCO-88 job exposure matrix: examination of dataset with two different classification of occupations in consecutive censuses." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A48.3—A49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.131.

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Finnish Job exposure matrix (FINJEM) assesses occupational exposure for 84 factors in 311 FINJEM occupations. Finnish version of ISCO-88 International Standard Classification of Occupations 1988 (F-ISCO-88) occupational codes (n=445), used in population censuses from 1995 to 2009, often split into more than one FINJEM code. We describe the construction of a crosswalk between F-ISCO-88 codes and FINJEM codes and the resulting F-ISCO88 job exposure matrix (F-ISCO-88-JEM).In total, we found 1144 conversion candidate pairs from two sources: 1) Statistics Finland crosswalks from three sequential classification of occupations (2001–1997, 1997–1987, 1987–1980) combined with crosswalk between the classification of occupations in 1980 and FINJEM, and 2) preliminary expert judgement-based conversion of F-ISCO-88–FINJEM.We counted frequencies for all 9900 F-ISCO88 (in 1995) and FINJEM (1990) occupational code pairs from a study of neurodegenerative disease (n=103,969). Correctness of every candidate pair and prevalent non-candidate pairs was checked using occupational coding manuals of FINJEM and F-ISCO88, including occupational titles. Final list of accepted pairs was agreed by the authors.The number of verified F-ISCO-88–FINJEM conversion pairs was 835, including 88 pairs from non-candidates. In total, 397 (34.7%) candidate pairs were incorrect. We could solve FINJEM occupation for 84 252 (81.0% from total population) persons with direct conversions or verified conversion pairs. Occupation of the remaining 19 717 persons changed between 1990 and 1995. Direct conversions totaled 27 716 (26.6%) solutions and split F-ISCO-88 codes 56 536 (54.4%) solutions. The resulting F-ISCO-88–JEM comprises original FINJEM exposure estimates for direct conversions and estimates for split F-ISCO-88 codes, calculated using proportions of corresponding FINJEM codes as weights.A quarter of F-ISCO-88 codes can be converted to FINJEM codes in data with F-ISCO-88 occupational codes. This proportion could be tripled in a dataset including FINJEM and F-ISCO88 codes in consecutive censuses, resulting in more accurate exposure estimates.

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Fucic, Aleksandra, Radu C. Duca, Karen S. Galea, Tihana Maric, Kelly Garcia, Michael S. Bloom, Helle R. Andersen, and John E. Vena. "Reproductive Health Risks Associated with Occupational and Environmental Exposure to Pesticides." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 18, 2021): 6576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126576.

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A marked reduction in fertility and an increase in adverse reproductive outcomes during the last few decades have been associated with occupational and environmental chemical exposures. Exposure to different types of pesticides may increase the risks of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease, but also of reduced fertility and birth defects. Both occupational and environmental exposures to pesticides are important, as many are endocrine disruptors, which means that even very low-dose exposure levels may have measurable biological effects. The aim of this review was to summarize the knowledge collected between 2000 and 2020, to highlight new findings, and to further interpret the mechanisms that may associate pesticides with infertility, abnormal sexual maturation, and pregnancy complications associated with occupational, environmental and transplacental exposures. A summary of current pesticide production and usage legislation is also included in order to elucidate the potential impact on exposure profile differences between countries, which may inform prevention measures. Recommendations for the medical surveillance of occupationally exposed populations, which should be facilitated by the biomonitoring of reduced fertility, is also discussed.

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Bayliss, C., A. Champion, E. Nwokedi, and R. Thanikasalam. "Doctors’ attitudes to patient occupation information in four hospital specialties." Occupational Medicine 70, no. 9 (November 28, 2020): 641–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqaa187.

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Abstract Background Although we do not know how often doctors enquire about their patients’ work, evidence suggests that occupation is often not recorded in clinical notes. There is a lack of research into doctors’ views on the importance of patient occupation or their educational needs in this area. Aims To assess doctors’ attitudes to using patient occupation information for care-planning and to determine doctors’ need for specific training in occupational health. Methods We undertook a cross-sectional survey of doctors in cardiology, obstetrics and gynaecology, oncology and orthopaedics. Our questionnaire explored attitudes of the doctors to asking patients about their occupational status, their training and competency to do so, and their training needs in occupational health. Results The response rate was 42/46 (91%). Obstetrics and gynaecology 6/9 (67%) and oncology doctors 3/6 (50%) reported enquiring about the nature of patients’ occupations’ ‘most of the time’/‘always’ and that it rarely influenced clinical decisions. This contrasted with orthopaedic doctors 12/12 (100%) and cardiology doctors 14/15 (93%). Although 19/42 (45%) participants felt it was important to ask patients their occupation, only 10/42 (24%) ‘always’ asked patients about their work. The majority of participants 29/41 (71%) reported receiving no training in occupational health, but 37/42 (88%) considered that some training would be useful. Conclusions Training on the importance of occupation and its’ role as a clinical outcome in care-planning, might help doctors feel more competent in discussing the impact of health on work with patients.

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Lyttelton, Thomas, and Emma Zang. "Occupations and Sickness-Related Absences during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 63, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00221465211053615.

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Pandemic frontline occupations consist of disproportionately low socioeconomic status and racial minority workers. Documenting occupational health disparities is therefore crucial for understanding COVID-19-related health inequalities in the United States. This study uses Current Population Survey microdata to estimate occupational differences in sickness-related absences (SAs) from work in March through June 2020 and their contribution to educational, racial-ethnic, and nativity health disparities. We find that there has been an unprecedented rise in SAs concentrated in transportation, food-related, and personal care and service occupations. SA rates were 6 times higher in these occupations than in non-health-care professions. The greatest increases were in occupations that are unsuitable for remote work, require workers to work close to others, pay low wages, and rarely provide health insurance. Workers in these occupations are disproportionately Black, Hispanic, indigenous, and immigrants. Occupation contributes 41% of the total of Black/white differences and 54% of educational differences in SAs.

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Milner, Allison, Marissa Shields, Anna J. Scovelle, Georgina Sutherland, and Tania L. King. "Health Literacy in Male-Dominated Occupations." American Journal of Men's Health 14, no. 5 (September 2020): 155798832095402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988320954022.

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Low levels of health literacy are associated with poorer health outcomes. Both individual- and social-level factors have been identified as predictors of low health literacy, and men are known to have lower health literacy than women. Previous research has reported that men working in male-dominated occupations are at higher risk of accidents, injury, and suicide than other population groups, yet no study to date has examined the effect of gendered occupational contexts on men’s health literacy. The current article examined the association between occupational gender ratio and health literacy among Australian males. The Australian Longitudinal Study on Male Health (Ten to Men) was used to examine associations between occupational gender ratio (measured in Wave 1) and health literacy (measured in Wave 2) across three subscales of the Health Literacy Questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used and showed that the more male dominated an occupational group became, the lower the scores of health literacy were. Results for the different subscales of health literacy for the most male-dominated occupational group, compared to the non-male-dominated group were: ability to find good health information, (Coef. −0.80, 95% CI [−1.05, −0.54], p < .001); ability to actively engage with health-care providers, (Coef. −0.35, 95% CI [−0.62, −0.07], p = .013); and feeling understood and supported by health-care providers, (Coef. −0.48, 95% CI [−0.71, −0.26], p = < .001). The results suggest the need for workplace interventions to address occupation-level factors as an influence on health literacy among Australian men, particularly among the most male-dominated occupational groups.

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Ahonen, Emily Q., and Steven E. Lacey. "Undergraduate Environmental Public Health Education." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 27, no. 1 (March 3, 2017): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1048291117697110.

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Environmental, occupational, and public health in the United States are practiced across a fragmented system that makes work across those areas more difficult. A large proportion of currently active environmental and occupational health professionals, advocates, policy makers, and activists are nearing retirement age, while some of our major health challenges are heavily influenced by aspects of environment. Concurrently, programs that educate undergraduate college students in environmental health are faced with multiple, often competing demands which can impede progressive movement toward dynamic curricula for the needs of the twenty-first century. We describe our use of developmental evaluation to negotiate these challenges in our specific undergraduate education program, with the dual aims of drawing attention to developmental evaluation as a useful tool for people involved in environmental and occupational health advocacy, policy-making, activism, research, or education for change, as well as to promote discussion about how best to educate the next generation of environmental public health students.

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Solovieva, Svetlana, Karina Undem, Daniel Falkstedt, Gun Johansson, Petter Kristensen, Jacob Pedersen, Eira Viikari-Juntura, Taina Leinonen, and Ingrid Sivesind Mehlum. "Utilizing a Nordic Crosswalk for Occupational Coding in an Analysis on Occupation-Specific Prolonged Sickness Absence among 7 Million Employees in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (November 25, 2022): 15674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315674.

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We identified occupations with a high incidence of prolonged sickness absence (SA) in Nordic employees and explored similarities and differences between the countries. Utilizing data from national registers on 25–59-year-old wage-earners from Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, we estimated the gender- and occupation-specific age-adjusted cumulative incidence of SA due to any cause, musculoskeletal diseases and mental disorders. To increase the comparability of occupations between the countries, we developed a Nordic crosswalk for occupational codes. We ranked occupational groups with the incidence of SA being statistically significantly higher than the population average of the country in question and calculated excess fractions with the employee population being the reference group. We observed considerable occupational differences in SA within and between the countries. Few occupational groups had a high incidence in all countries, particularly for mental disorders among men. In each country, manual occupations typically had a high incidence of SA due to any cause and musculoskeletal diseases, while service occupations had a high incidence due to mental disorders. Preventive measures targeted at specific occupational groups have a high potential to reduce work disability, especially due to musculoskeletal diseases. Particularly groups with excess SA in all Nordic countries could be at focus.

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Freitas, Eduardo Silva. "Representações sociais, meio ambiente e saúde: por uma educação ambiental de qualidade." O Mundo da Saúde 30, no. 4 (December 5, 2006): 598–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.15343/0104-7809.200630.4.9.

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Onyenechere, Emmanuella C., Linus O. Asikogu, Lazarus Chikwendu, Faisal C. Emetumah, Ikechukwu Onyegiri, Obinna E. Ukanwa, Jorge C. Nkwo, Remy K. Nwokocha, and Christopher C. Onyeneke. "Occupational Health and Safety Conditions of Informal Sector Workers in Three Nigerian Cities." Afrika Focus 35, no. 2 (December 20, 2022): 318–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-35020006.

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Abstract Despite its economic relevance, the informal sector in Nigeria is plagued by occupational health and safety (ohs) anomalies. This study assessed ohs conditions among informal sector workers (isw s) operating in three Nigerian cities (Sokoto, Owerri and Port Harcourt). A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from a total of 717 isw s. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in data analysis. Logistic regression was used in predicting good ohs practices, based on gender, education level, occupation, health impairments and common health and safety practices. The findings show that many isw s have inadequate water sources and sanitary facilities and poor occupational health and safety practices. The overall model was statistically significant in predicting the likelihood of having good ohs practices. The study concludes that ohs conditions among isw s are poor as a result of insufficient water and sanitation facilities and poor environmental health practices. Improved water and sanitation provision and ohs awareness and education programmes for isw s, in line with their specific occupations and susceptibility to certain kinds of occupational health impairment, are recommended.

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Senthilselvan, A., W. V. L. Coonghe, and J. Beach. "Respiratory health, occupation and the healthy worker effect." Occupational Medicine 70, no. 3 (February 10, 2020): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqaa023.

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Abstract Background Workers are exposed to physical, chemical and other hazards in the workplace, which may impact their respiratory health. Aims To examine the healthy worker effect in the Canadian working population and to identify the association between occupation and respiratory health. Methods Data from four cycles of the Canadian Health Measures Survey were utilized. The current occupation of employed participants was classified into 10 broad categories based on National Occupation Category 2011 codes. Data relating to 15 400 subjects were analysed. Results A significantly lower proportion of those in current employment than those not in current employment reported respiratory symptoms or diseases or had airway obstruction. Similarly, those currently employed reported better general health and had greater mean values for percent-predicted forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC (FEF25–75%) and FEV1/FVC ratio. Among males, females and older age groups, significant differences were observed for almost all the respiratory outcomes for those in current employment. Those in ‘Occupations unique to primary industry’ had a significantly greater likelihood of regular cough with sputum and ever asthma and had lower mean values of percent-predicted FEV1/FVC and FEF25–75% than those in ‘Management occupations’. Those in ‘Health occupations’ had the highest proportion of current asthma. Conclusions Participants in current employment were healthier than those not in current employment providing further support for the healthy worker effect. Those in ‘Occupations unique to primary industry’ had an increased risk of adverse respiratory outcomes and reducing workplace exposures in these occupations has the potential to improve their respiratory health.

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Guṭu, Robert, Valerie Schaps, Jens Hoebel, Benjamin Wachtler, Florian Beese, Josephine Jacob, Marco Alibone, and Morten Wahrendorf. "Berufsbedingte Unterschiede in COVID-19-Erkrankungen – Eine wellenspezifische Analyse von 3,17 Millionen gesetzlich Versicherten." ASU Arbeitsmedizin Sozialmedizin Umweltmedizin 2023, no. 12 (November 29, 2023): 776–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17147/asu-1-324029.

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Occupational differences in COVID-19 diseases – A wave-specific analysis of 3.17 million insured persons Objective: Previous results on occupational differences in the COVID-19 infection risk are heterogeneous. One reason for this could be the different observation periods of previous studies. Wave-specific analyses are not yet available. The aim of this paper is to investigate COVID-19 disease risks along occupational characteristics for the first four waves of the pandemic. Methods: The study uses health insurance data from the research database of InGef (Institute for Applied Health Research) on more than 3.17 million insured men and women between 18 and 67 years of age. To compare wave-specific associations, a distinction was made between the four main infection waves of the pandemic between 01.01.2020 and 31.12.2021. SARS-CoV-2 infections were determined on the basis of the transmitted COVID-19 diagnoses (ICD codes U07.1!). Occupations were divided according to the four groupings of the official classification of occupations. In addition to wave-specific incidence rates, multivariable Cox regressions were estimated (adjusted for sex, age and region). Results: Personal service occupations (esp. healthcare occupations) showed significantly higher incidence rates, especially at the beginning of the pandemic (waves 1 and 2), but these rates were comparable to those of other occupations with increased risk during the course of the pandemic. Production occupations (especially manufacturing occupations), on the other hand, had rather low incidence rates at the beginning of the pandemic, but higher risks as the pandemic progressed. A kind of reversal from lower to higher incidence rates in the course of the pandemic was also observed for lowskilled occupations or occupations without a management function. Results remained consistent after controlling for sex, age and region. Conclusion: The study shows that occupational differences in COVID-19 incidence varied by pandemic phase. Accordingly, it appears that the risk of infections is partly shaped by the occupation, but also by the extent to which it was possible to establish infection control measures during the pandemic. Keywords: COVID-19 – occupational inequalities – social epidemiology – Germany

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