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Journal articles on the topic 'Epidermal hair'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Nakrieko, Kerry-Ann, Alena Rudkouskaya, Timothy S. Irvine, Sudhir J. A. D'souza, and Lina Dagnino. "Targeted inactivation of integrin-linked kinase in hair follicle stem cells reveals an important modulatory role in skin repair after injury." Molecular Biology of the Cell 22, no. 14 (2011): 2532–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e11-01-0035.

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Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is key for normal epidermal morphogenesis, but little is known about its role in hair follicle stem cells and epidermal regeneration. Hair follicle stem cells are important contributors to newly formed epidermis following injury. We inactivated the Ilk gene in the keratin 15–expressing stem cell population of the mouse hair follicle bulge. Loss of ILK expression in these cells resulted in impaired cutaneous wound healing, with substantially decreased wound closure rates. ILK-deficient stem cells produced very few descendants that moved toward the epidermal surface

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Chermnykh, Elina S., Elena V. Alpeeva, and Ekaterina A. Vorotelyak. "Transglutaminase 3: The Involvement in Epithelial Differentiation and Cancer." Cells 9, no. 9 (2020): 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9091996.

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Transglutaminases (TGMs) contribute to the formation of rigid, insoluble macromolecular complexes, which are essential for the epidermis and hair follicles to perform protective and barrier functions against the environment. During differentiation, epidermal keratinocytes undergo structural alterations being transformed into cornified cells, which constitute a highly tough outermost layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum. Similar processes occur during the hardening of the hair follicle and the hair shaft, which is provided by the enzymatic cross-linking of the structural proteins and ker

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Lorenz, Katrin, Carsten Grashoff, Robert Torka, et al. "Integrin-linked kinase is required for epidermal and hair follicle morphogenesis." Journal of Cell Biology 177, no. 3 (2007): 501–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200608125.

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Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) links integrins to the actin cytoskeleton and is believed to phosphorylate several target proteins. We report that a keratinocyte-restricted deletion of the ILK gene leads to epidermal defects and hair loss. ILK-deficient epidermal keratinocytes exhibited a pronounced integrin-mediated adhesion defect leading to epidermal detachment and blister formation, disruption of the epidermal–dermal basement membrane, and the translocation of proliferating, integrin-expressing keratinocytes to suprabasal epidermal cell layers. The mutant hair follicles were capable of produc

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Li, M., H. Chiba, X. Warot, et al. "RXR-alpha ablation in skin keratinocytes results in alopecia and epidermal alterations." Development 128, no. 5 (2001): 675–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.128.5.675.

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RXR-alpha is the most abundant of the three retinoid X receptors (RXRs) in the epidermis. In this study, we have used Cre-mediated recombination to selectively disrupt the mouse gene for RXR-alpha in epidermal and hair follicle keratinocytes. We show that RXR-alpha is apparently dispensable for prenatal epidermal development, while it is involved in postnatal skin maturation. After the first hair pelage, mutant mice develop a progressive alopecia, histologically characterised by the destruction of hair follicle architecture and the formation of utriculi and dermal cysts in adult mice. Our resu

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Reynolds, A. J., and C. A. Jahoda. "Hair follicle stem cells? A distinct germinative epidermal cell population is activated in vitro by the presence of hair dermal papilla cells." Journal of Cell Science 99, no. 2 (1991): 373–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.99.2.373.

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Germinative epidermal cells in the lower end bulb region of anagen hair follicles are highly active, and give rise to hair fibres through rapid proliferation and complex differentiation. They have often been termed hair follicle stem cells, but owing to difficulties in isolation and identification their properties have previously only been clearly documented in vivo. We aimed to isolate and culture germinative cells in vitro, and used microdissection methods to dissect a small but identifiable group of cells from complete follicles. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that the isolated

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Mokry, Jaroslav, and Rishikaysh Pisal. "Development and Maintenance of Epidermal Stem Cells in Skin Adnexa." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 24 (2020): 9736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249736.

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The skin surface is modified by numerous appendages. These structures arise from epithelial stem cells (SCs) through the induction of epidermal placodes as a result of local signalling interplay with mesenchymal cells based on the Wnt–(Dkk4)–Eda–Shh cascade. Slight modifications of the cascade, with the participation of antagonistic signalling, decide whether multipotent epidermal SCs develop in interfollicular epidermis, scales, hair/feather follicles, nails or skin glands. This review describes the roles of epidermal SCs in the development of skin adnexa and interfollicular epidermis, as wel

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Kwochka, Kenneth W., and Adriana M. Rademakers. "Cell proliferation kinetics of epidermis, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands of Cocker Spaniels with idiopathic seborrhea." American Journal of Veterinary Research 50, no. 11 (1989): 1918–22. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1989.50.11.1918.

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SUMMARY Cell proliferation kinetic values were established for the epidermis, hair follicle epithelium, and sebaceous glands of 8 Cocker Spaniels with primary idiopathic seborrhea. Values were established by intradermal pulse labeling injections of tritiated thymidine followed by cutaneous biopsy and autoradiography. The epidermal basal cell-labeling index was 4.96 ± 0.97%, and the epidermal nucleated cell-labeling index was 3.33 ± 0.71%. Calculated epidermal cell renewal time for the viable layers of the epidermis was 7.85 ± 1.80 days. The hair follicle infundibulum basal cell-labeling index

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8

DasGupta, Ramanuj, Horace Rhee, and Elaine Fuchs. "A developmental conundrum." Journal of Cell Biology 158, no. 2 (2002): 331–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200204134.

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Wnt signaling orchestrates morphogenetic processes in which changes in gene expression are associated with dramatic changes in cell organization within developing tissue/organss. Upon signaling, excess β-catenin not utilized at cell–cell junctions becomes stabilized, where it can provide the transcriptional activating domain for Lef/Tcf DNA binding proteins. In skin epithelium, forced stabilization of β-catenin in epidermis promotes hair follicle morphogenesis, whereas conditional removal of β-catenin in hair progenitor cells specifies an epidermal fate. We now report that a single protein, a

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Li, Yafan, Deric L. Wheeler, Wade Alters, Luksana Chaiswing, Ajit K. Verma та Terry D. Oberley. "Early Epidermal Destruction with Subsequent Epidermal Hyperplasia Is a Unique Feature of the Papilloma-Independent Squamous Cell Carcinoma Phenotype in PKCε Overexpressing Transgenic Mice". Toxicologic Pathology 33, № 6 (2005): 684–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01926230500323441.

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Protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) overexpressing transgenic (PKCεTg) mice develop papilloma-independent squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) elicited by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) tumor initiation and 12- O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) tumor promotion. We examined whether epidermal cell turnover kinetics was altered during the development of SCC in PKCε Tg mice. Dorsal skin samples were fixed for histological examination. A single application of TPA resulted in extensive infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) into the epidermis at 24 h after TPA treatment in PKCε Tg m

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Seechurn, P., S. A. Burchill та A. J. Thody. "Effect of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone on tyrosinase activity in hair follicular and epidermal melanocytes of the mouse". Journal of Endocrinology 119, № 3 (1988): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1190517.

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ABSTRACT In this study, the effect of α-MSH on tyrosinase activity was compared in epidermal and hair follicular melanocytes of mice. It had no effect on epidermal tyrosinase activity in dorsal skin from neonatal non-agouti black mice (C57BL/6J) in both in-vivo and in-vitro experiments. Theophylline and 8-bromocyclic (c)AMP were similarly without effect in in-vitro experiments. In-vivo administration of α-MSH and theophylline for 7 days was also without effect on epidermal tyrosinase activity in ear skin of adult non-agouti mice, and the same was true for α-MSH in wild-type agouti mice. Activa

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Masucci, J. D., W. G. Rerie, D. R. Foreman, et al. "The homeobox gene GLABRA2 is required for position-dependent cell differentiation in the root epidermis of Arabidopsis thaliana." Development 122, no. 4 (1996): 1253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.122.4.1253.

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The role of the Arabidopsis homeobox gene, GLABRA 2 (GL2), in the development of the root epidermis has been investigated. The wild-type epidermis is composed of two cell types, root-hair cells and hairless cells, which are located at distinct positions within the root, implying that positional cues control cell-type differentiation. During the development of the root epidermis, the differentiating root-hair cells (trichoblasts) and the differentiating hairless cells (atrichoblasts) can be distinguished by their cytoplasmic density, vacuole formation, and extent of elongation. We have determin

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Yang, Gink N., Parinaz Ahangar, Xanthe L. Strudwick, Zlatko Kopecki, and Allison J. Cowin. "Overexpression of Flii during Murine Embryonic Development Increases Symmetrical Division of Epidermal Progenitor Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15 (2021): 8235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158235.

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Epidermal progenitor cells divide symmetrically and asymmetrically to form stratified epidermis and hair follicles during late embryonic development. Flightless I (Flii), an actin remodelling protein, is implicated in Wnt/β-cat and integrin signalling pathways that govern cell division. This study investigated the effect of altering Flii on the divisional orientation of epidermal progenitor cells (EpSCs) in the basal layer during late murine embryonic development and early adolescence. The effect of altering Flii expression on asymmetric vs. symmetric division was assessed in vitro in adult hu

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Yoshida, Toshiyuki, Yoshimi Takai, and Irma Thesleff. "Cooperation of Nectin-1 and Nectin-3 Is Required for Maintenance of Epidermal Stratification and Proper Hair Shaft Formation in the Mouse." Developmental Biology Journal 2014 (June 30, 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/432043.

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Nectins constitute a family of four cell adhesion molecules which are localized on cell membrane. Mutations in NECTIN-1 gene cause the human ectodermal dysplasia syndrome (CLPED1) manifesting severe defects in skin and its appendages. However, nectin-1 null mutant mice have only a mild defect in epidermal stratification suggesting compensation by other nectins. We have analysed the epidermal and hair phenotypes of nectin-1; nectin-3 compound mutants. Epidermis was fragile and displayed severe defects in stratification, hair follicles were hypoplastic, and hair shaft structure was abnormal. Imm

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Kishimoto, Jiro, Robert E. Burgeson, and Bruce A. Morgan. "Wnt signaling maintains the hair-inducing activity of the dermal papilla." Genes & Development 14, no. 10 (2000): 1181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.14.10.1181.

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The formation of the hair follicle and its cyclical growth, quiescence, and regeneration depend on reciprocal signaling between its epidermal and dermal components. The dermal organizing center, the dermal papilla (DP), regulates development of the epidermal follicle and is dependent on signals from the epidermis for its development and maintenance. GFP specifically expressed in DP cells of a transgenic mouse was used to purify this population and study the signals required to maintain it. We demonstrate that specific Wnts, but not Sonic hedgehog (Shh), maintain anagen-phase gene expression in

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Bin, Bum-Ho, Jinhyuk Bhin, Mikiro Takaishi, et al. "Requirement of zinc transporter ZIP10 for epidermal development: Implication of the ZIP10–p63 axis in epithelial homeostasis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 46 (2017): 12243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1710726114.

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Skin tissues, in particular the epidermis, are severely affected by zinc deficiency. However, the zinc-mediated mechanisms that maintain the cells that form the epidermis have not been established. Here, we report that the zinc transporter ZIP10 is highly expressed in the outer root sheath of hair follicles and plays critical roles in epidermal development. We found that ZIP10 marked epidermal progenitor cell subsets and that ablating Zip10 caused significant epidermal hypoplasia accompanied by down-regulation of the transactivation of p63, a master regulator of epidermal progenitor cell proli

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Klufa, Jörg, Thomas Bauer, Buck Hanson, et al. "Hair eruption initiates and commensal skin microbiota aggravate adverse events of anti-EGFR therapy." Science Translational Medicine 11, no. 522 (2019): eaax2693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aax2693.

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Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–targeted anticancer therapy induces stigmatizing skin toxicities affecting patients’ quality of life and therapy adherence. The lack of mechanistic details underlying these adverse events hampers their management. We found that EGFR/ERK signaling is required in LRIG1-positive stem cells during de novo hair eruption to secure barrier integrity and prevent the invasion of commensal microbiota and inflammatory skin disease. EGFR-deficient epidermis is permissive for microbiota outgrowth and displays an atopic-like TH2-dominated signature. The opening of the

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Cnops, G., X. Wang, P. Linstead, M. Van Montagu, M. Van Lijsebettens, and L. Dolan. "Tornado1 and tornado2 are required for the specification of radial and circumferential pattern in the Arabidopsis root." Development 127, no. 15 (2000): 3385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.15.3385.

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The cell layers of the Arabidopsis primary root are arranged in a simple radial pattern. The outermost layer is the lateral root cap and lies outside the epidermis that surrounds the ground tissue. The files of epidermal and lateral root cap cells converge on a ring of initials (lateral root cap/epidermis initial) from which the epidermal and lateral root cap tissues of the seedling are derived, once root growth is initiated after germination. Each initial gives rise to a clone of epidermal cells and a clone of lateral root cap cells. These initial divisions in the epidermal/lateral root cap i

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Wendrich, Jos R., BaoJun Yang, Niels Vandamme, et al. "Vascular transcription factors guide plant epidermal responses to limiting phosphate conditions." Science 370, no. 6518 (2020): eaay4970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aay4970.

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Optimal plant growth is hampered by deficiency of the essential macronutrient phosphate in most soils. Plant roots can, however, increase their root hair density to efficiently forage the soil for this immobile nutrient. By generating and exploiting a high-resolution single-cell gene expression atlas of Arabidopsis roots, we show an enrichment of TARGET OF MONOPTEROS 5/LONESOME HIGHWAY (TMO5/LHW) target gene responses in root hair cells. The TMO5/LHW heterodimer triggers biosynthesis of mobile cytokinin in vascular cells and increases root hair density during low-phosphate conditions by modify

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Merritt, Anita J., Mohamed Y. Berika, Wenwu Zhai, et al. "Suprabasal Desmoglein 3 Expression in the Epidermis of Transgenic Mice Results in Hyperproliferation and Abnormal Differentiation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 22, no. 16 (2002): 5846–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.22.16.5846-5858.2002.

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ABSTRACT The desmoglein 1 (Dsg1) and desmocollin 1 (Dsc1) isoforms of the desmosomal cadherins are expressed in the suprabasal layers of epidermis, whereas Dsg3 and Dsc3 are more strongly expressed basally. This differential expression may have a function in epidermal morphogenesis and/or may regulate the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes. To test this hypothesis, we changed the expression pattern by overexpressing human Dsg3 under the control of the keratin 1 (K1) promoter in the suprabasal epidermis of transgenic mice. From around 12 weeks of age, the mice exhibited flaking

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Kwochka, Kenneth W., and Adriana M. Rademakers. "Cell proliferation of epidermis, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands of Beagles and Cocker Spaniels with healthy skin." American Journal of Veterinary Research 50, no. 4 (1989): 587–91. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1989.50.04.587.

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SUMMARY Cell proliferation kinetic values were established for the epidermis, hair follicle epithelium, and sebaceous glands of 10 Beagles and 4 Cocker Spaniels with healthy skin and coats. Values were established by intradermal pulse-labeling injections of [3H]thymidine, examination of cutaneous biopsied tissues, and autoradiography. The epidermal basal cell-labeling index was 1.41 ± 0.46% for Beagles and 1.71 ± 0.56% for Cocker Spaniels. The hair follicle basal cell-labeling index was 1.46 ± 0.78 and 1.07 ± 0.42%, respectively. Calculated epidermal cell-renewal time for viable layers of the

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21

Webb, Melanie, Stefan Jouannic, Julia Foreman, Paul Linstead, and Liam Dolan. "Cell specification in theArabidopsisroot epidermis requires the activity ofECTOPIC ROOT HAIR 3– a katanin-p60 protein." Development 129, no. 1 (2002): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.129.1.123.

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The Arabidopsis root is composed of radial cell layers, each with distinct identities. The epidermal layer is composed of rows of hair cells flanked on either side by rows of non-hair epidermal cells. The development of hair and non-hair cells is dependent on domains of positional information with strict boundaries. The pattern of cell differentiation and the expression of molecular markers of cell fate is altered in the ectopic root hair 3 (erh3) mutant epidermis indicating that ERH3 is required for the specification of cell fates from early in development (in the meristem) through differenti

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Wang, Zhiqiang, Jieshu Luo, and Ji Li. "Hair regeneration after epidermal peeling." European Journal of Dermatology 30, no. 2 (2020): 203–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/ejd.2020.3744.

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23

Allen, WK, WG Allaway, GC Cox, and PG Valder. "Ultrastructure of Mycorrhizas of Dracophyllum secundum R. Br. (Ericales:Epacridaceae)." Functional Plant Biology 16, no. 1 (1989): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9890147.

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Dracophyllum secundum R. Br. (Epacridaceae) often possessed ericoid mycorrhizas; fungal endophytes formed coils within cells of the epidermis of hair-roots. The plant plasma membrane extended around the hyphae. In some epidermal cells of hair-roots, both plant and fungal cells retained their structural integrity, both partners showing mitochondrial, vacuolar and lipid droplet profiles, and with much of the plant cytoplasm associated with the hyphal coils. In other epidermal cells of hair-roots, fungal coils were present but cytoplasmic features of both symbionts appeared to have broken down. S

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Risek, B., F. G. Klier, and N. B. Gilula. "Multiple gap junction genes are utilized during rat skin and hair development." Development 116, no. 3 (1992): 639–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.116.3.639.

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The expression of four different gap junction gene products (alpha 1, beta 1, beta 2, and beta 3) has been analysed during rat skin development and the hair growth cycle. Both alpha 1 (Cx43) and beta 2 (Cx26) connexins were coexpressed in the undifferentiated epidermis. A specific, developmentally regulated elimination of beta 2 expression was observed in the periderm at E16. Coinciding with the differentiation of the epidermis, differential expression of alpha 1 and beta 2 connexins was observed in the newly formed epidermal layers. alpha 1 connexin was expressed in the basal and spinous laye

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Ferguson, Blake, Takahiro Kunisada, Hitomi Aoki, Herlina Y. Handoko, and Graeme J. Walker. "Hair follicle melanocyte precursors are awoken by ultraviolet radiation via a cell extrinsic mechanism." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 14, no. 6 (2015): 1179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5pp00098j.

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Melanocyte stem cells in the hair follicle respond to UVR-induced damage by dividing and migrating upwards into the epidermis. This effect is driven by paracrine signals from epidermal keratinocytes induced by adaptive changes in the skin resulting from multiple UVR exposures.

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Thanki, Y. J. "Structure and development of hairs in cucurbitaceous fruits." Feddes Repertorium 100, no. 7-8 (1989): 377–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1522-239x.1989.tb00144.x.

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SummaryThe structure and development of epidermal hairs of five cucurbitaceous fruits are described. The epidermal hairs are glandular and eglandular. Glandular hair consists of 1–2‐celled foot and a body differentiated into a multicellular stalk and a clavate head. Eglandular hair is cylindrical or filiform and has 1–2‐celled foot and uniseriate multicellular body. The branched glandular hair of Luffa cylindrica is first time reported in the cucurbitaceous fruits.

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Chidgey, Martyn, Cord Brakebusch, Erika Gustafsson, et al. "Mice lacking desmocollin 1 show epidermal fragility accompanied by barrier defects and abnormal differentiation." Journal of Cell Biology 155, no. 5 (2001): 821–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200105009.

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The desmosomal cadherin desmocollin (Dsc)1 is expressed in upper epidermis where strong adhesion is required. To investigate its role in vivo, we have genetically engineered mice with a targeted disruption in the Dsc1 gene. Soon after birth, null mice exhibit flaky skin and a striking punctate epidermal barrier defect. The epidermis is fragile, and acantholysis in the granular layer generates localized lesions, compromising skin barrier function. Neutrophils accumulate in the lesions and further degrade the tissue, causing sloughing (flaking) of lesional epidermis, but rapid wound healing prev

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kumar, Arun. "Herbal Hair Serum: Design Development & Evaluation." Journal of Dermatology Research Reviews & Reports 4, no. 3 (2023): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.47363/jdmrs/2023(4)162.

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Duckett, C. M., C. Grierson, P. Linstead, et al. "Clonal relationships and cell patterning in the root epidermis of Arabidopsis." Development 120, no. 9 (1994): 2465–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.120.9.2465.

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The development of the post-embryonic root epidermis of Arabidopsis thaliana is described. Clonal analysis has identified three sets of initials that give rise to the columella root cap cells, epidermis and lateral root-cap cells, and the cells of the cortex and endodermis respectively. The mature epidermis is composed of two cell types, root hair cells (derived from trichoblasts) and non- hair cells (derived from atrichoblasts). These cells are arranged in sixteen or more discrete files. Each hair cell file overlies the anticlinal (radial) wall of the underlying cortical cells and is separate

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Chrostek, Anna, Xunwei Wu, Fabio Quondamatteo, et al. "Rac1 Is Crucial for Hair Follicle Integrity but Is Not Essential for Maintenance of the Epidermis." Molecular and Cellular Biology 26, no. 18 (2006): 6957–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00075-06.

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ABSTRACT Rac1 is a small GTPase that regulates the actin cytoskeleton but also other cellular processes. To investigate the function of Rac1 in skin, we generated mice with a keratinocyte-restricted deletion of the rac1 gene. Rac1-deficient mice lost nearly all of their hair within a few weeks after birth. The nonpermanent part of mutant hair follicles developed constrictions; lost expression of hair follicle-specific keratins, E-cadherin, and α6 integrin; and was eventually removed by macrophages. The permanent part of hair follicles and the sebaceous glands were maintained, but no regrowth o

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Hagan, Yosiris, Alex Gonzalez, Antolette Kasler, Matilde Macedo, Anthony Rincon, and Julie Jameson. "Increased proliferation of epidermal gamma delta T cells and expression of the transmembrane protein, BST2, in Alopecia areata." Journal of Immunology 208, no. 1_Supplement (2022): 55.19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.55.19.

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Abstract Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease characterized by patchy non-scarring hair loss in affected individuals. Typically, research has focused on hair follicle infiltration and disruption via CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Our research attempts to elucidate the role of resident epidermal γδ T cells in disease. Analysis of publicly available bioinformatics data shows a statistically significant downregulation in a number of immune-related genes after patients were treated with a JAK inhibitor, Tofacitinib. We have focused on one of these proteins, bone marrow stromal antigen 2 (BST2), in vit

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Augustin, Iris, Julia Gross, Daniel Baumann, et al. "Loss of epidermal Evi/Wls results in a phenotype resembling psoriasiform dermatitis." Journal of Experimental Medicine 210, no. 9 (2013): 1761–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20121871.

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Cells of the epidermis renew constantly from germinal layer stem cells. Although epithelial cell differentiation has been studied in great detail and the role of Wnt signaling in this process is well described, the contribution of epidermal Wnt secretion in epithelial cell homeostasis remains poorly understood. To analyze the role of Wnt proteins in this process, we created a conditional knockout allele of the Wnt cargo receptor Evi/Gpr177/Wntless and studied mice that lacked Evi expression in the epidermis. We found that K14-Cre, Evi-LOF mice lost their hair during the first hair cycle, showi

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Rico-Leo, Eva María, Luis Francisco Lorenzo-Martín, Ángel Carlos Román, Xosé Ramón Bustelo, Jaime María Merino, and Pedro María Fernández-Salguero. "Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Controls Skin Homeostasis, Regeneration, and Hair Follicle Cycling by Adjusting Epidermal Stem Cell Function." Stem Cells 39, no. 12 (2021): 1733–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/stem.3443.

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Abstract Skin integrity requires constant maintenance of a quiescent, yet responsive, population of stem cells. While interfollicular epidermal progenitors control normal homeostasis, hair follicle stem cells residing within the bulge provide regenerative potential during hair cycle and in response to wounding. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) modulates cell plasticity and differentiation and its overactivation results in severe skin lesions in humans. However, its physiological role in skin homeostasis and hair growth is unknown. Reconstitution assays grafting primary keratinocytes and der

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Bonfante, Paola, Andrea Genre, Antonella Faccio, et al. "The Lotus japonicus LjSym4 Gene Is Required for the Successful Symbiotic Infection of Root Epidermal Cells." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 13, no. 10 (2000): 1109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2000.13.10.1109.

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The role of the Lotus japonicus LjSym4 gene during the symbiotic interaction with Mesorhizobium loti and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi was analyzed with two mutant alleles conferring phenotypes of different strength. Ljsym4-1 and Ljsym4-2 mutants do not form nodules with M. loti.Normal root hair curling and infection threads are not observed, while a nodC-dependent deformation of root hair tips indicates that nodulation factors are still perceived by Ljsym4 mutants. Fungal infection attempts on the mutants generally abort within the epidermis, but Ljsym4-1 mutants allow rare, successful, i

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Kalwaniya, Sarita, Manjaree Morgaonkar, SureshKumar Jain, and Asha Nyati. "Woolly hair with systematized epidermal nevus." Indian Journal of Dermatology 60, no. 5 (2015): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-5154.159658.

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Oliver, Roy F. "Dermal-Epidermal Interactions and Hair Growth." Journal of Investigative Dermatology 96, no. 5 (1991): S76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12471953.

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MCCARTHY-SUÁREZ, Iva. "SUPRA-PHYSIOLOGICAL LEVELS OF GIBBERELLINS / DELLAS MODIFY ROOT CELL SIZE / NUMBER AND ROOT ARCHITECTURE IN ROOT TIPS OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA SEEDLINGS. CONNECTIONS TO THE ROOT HAIR PATTERNING AND ABUNDANCE." Journal of Plant Development 28, no. 1 (2021): 69–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/jpd.2021.28.1.887.

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A previous study showed that excessive GAs/DELLAs altered the arrangement, shape and frequency of hairs in root tips of A. thaliana seedlings by acting from the root sub-epidermal tissues. The present study showed that excessive GAs/DELLAs also modified root tip cell size/number in A. thaliana seedlings. While excessive DELLAs shortened and widened the root epidermal, cortical, endodermal and pericycle cells, excessive GAs, excepting the epidermal cells, generally narrowed them. However, no root cell size changes occurred when gai-1 was over-expressed at the root epidermis. Also, excessive DEL

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Fujisawa, H., Y. Matsushima, M. Hoshino, T. Baba, and K. Uyeno. "Differentiation of the basal cell epithelioma-like changes overlying dermatofibroma." Acta Dermato-Venereologica 71, no. 4 (1991): 354–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/0001555571354356.

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Epidermis overlying dermatofibroma rarely displays basal cell epithelioma-like changes (BCE-like changes). Based on the histopathological findings, whether BCE-like changes are induced by dermal lesion or adnexal regression secondary to the solid fibrotic growth remains to be explored. From the standpoint of differentiation, we examined the BCE-like changes overlying dermatofibroma, normal epidermis, and hair follicles. PNA and two kinds of anti-keratin monoclonal antibodies were used to detect markers for epidermal differentiation. When PNA and anti-keratin monoclonal antibody (34betaB4) were

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Velasquez, Cristina, and Jake Coast. "Identification of BST2 as a biomarker for alopecia areata in both mice and humans." Journal of Immunology 210, no. 1_Supplement (2023): 153.12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.210.supp.153.12.

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Abstract Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease characterized by aberrant non-scarring hair loss. 147 million people worldwide are currently diagnosed with alopecia areata with a lifetime incidence of 2.1%. The hair follicle is a site of immune privilege however in alopecia areata, CD4+ helper T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells infiltrate and attack the hair follicle. To better understand the initiating mechanisms surrounding alopecia areata, we examined the function of epidermal γδ T cells and dermal macrophages in the initiation of or protection from the disease. We show that epidermal γδ

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Teulière, J., M. M. Faraldo, M. Shtutman та ін. "β-Catenin-Dependent and -Independent Effects of ΔN-Plakoglobin on Epidermal Growth and Differentiation". Molecular and Cellular Biology 24, № 19 (2004): 8649–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.24.19.8649-8661.2004.

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ABSTRACT Both β-catenin and plakoglobin can stimulate the expression of Lef/Tcf target genes in vitro. β-Catenin is known to associate with Lef/Tcf factors and to participate directly in transactivation in vivo, whereas the role of plakoglobin in transcriptional regulation has been less studied. To analyze the functions of plakoglobin in vivo, we generated transgenic mice expressing in the epidermis N-terminally truncated plakoglobin (ΔN122-PG) lacking the glycogen synthase kinase 3β phosphorylation sites and therefore protected against degradation (transgenic line K5-ΔN122-PG). The expression

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Sugeno, Aki, Takahiro Sumi, Hanako Sato-Yazawa, Takuya Yazawa, Hajime Inoue, and Shogo Miyata. "Multilayered Gel-Spotting Device for In Vitro Reconstruction of Hair Follicle-like Microstructure." Micromachines 14, no. 9 (2023): 1651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14091651.

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Hair follicles play an important role in hair development. This study aimed to develop a microgel-spotting device to fabricate a multilayered gel bead culture model and to mimic the early development of skin appendages to regenerate hair follicles in vitro. The model consists of an alginate gel layer containing cytokines as the core layer, a collagen gel layer containing mouse embryonic stem cells as the middle layer, and a collagen gel layer containing fetus-derived epidermal cells as the outer layer. A concentration gradient of cytokines is formed, which promotes interactions between epiderm

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Sula, B., C. Ekinci, H. Uçak, et al. "Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on rat facial skin." Human & Experimental Toxicology 35, no. 1 (2015): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327115575758.

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Introduction: We used immunohistochemistry to investigate the histopathologic effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on the facial skin of rats. Material and methods: Rats in the HBO group ( n = 6) were placed in a 20 L HBO chamber at 2.5 atmospheres absolute at 25–26°C with 100% oxygen for 90 min/day for 7 days. Following euthanasia, sections of facial skin were removed for examination. Results: Epidermal hyperplasia and degeneration, basal-cell hypertrophy, subepithelial fibrosis, and increased connective tissue were observed in the HBO group. E-cadherin expression was reduced in the epidermis,

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Sundberg, J. P., M. H. Rourk, D. Boggess, M. E. Hogan, B. A. Sundberg, and A. P. Bertolino. "Angora Mouse Mutation: Altered Hair Cycle, Follicular Dystrophy, Phenotypic Maintenance of Skin Grafts, and Changes in Keratin Expression." Veterinary Pathology 34, no. 3 (1997): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589703400301.

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Angora is an autosomal recessive mouse mutation caused by a deletion of ∼2 kilobases in the fibroblast growth factor 5 ( Fgf5) gene. Phenotypically, homozygous angora ( Fgf5go/ Fgf5go) mice have excessively long truncal hair and can be differentiated from heterozygous (+/ Fgf5go) and wild-type (+/+) littermates by 21 days of age. Abnormal hair length is due to a prolongation of the anagen phase of the hair cycle of approximately 3 days. In addition, widely scattered hair follicles produce structurally defective hair shafts that twist within the follicle, presumably causing secondary hyperplasi

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Torkamani, N., N. W. Rufaut, L. Jones, and R. Sinclair. "Epidermal Cells Expressing Putative Cell Markers in Nonglabrous Skin Existing in Direct Proximity with the Distal End of the Arrector Pili Muscle." Stem Cells International 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1286315.

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Inconsistent with the view that epidermal stem cells reside randomly spread along the basal layer of the epidermal rete ridges, we found that epidermal cells expressing stem cell markers in nonglabrous skin exist in direct connection with the distal end of the arrector pili muscle. The epidermal cells that express stem cell markers consist of a subpopulation of basal keratinocytes located in a niche at the lowermost portion of the rete ridges at the distal arrector pili muscle attachment site. Keratinocytes in the epidermal stem cell niche express K15, MCSP, andα6 integrin.α5 integrin marks th

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Reynolds, A. J., and C. A. Jahoda. "Hair matrix germinative epidermal cells confer follicle-inducing capabilities on dermal sheath and high passage papilla cells." Development 122, no. 10 (1996): 3085–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.122.10.3085.

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Low passage cultured dermal papilla cells from adult rats stimulate complete hair follicle neogenesis when re-implanted into heterotypic skin. In contrast, cultured sheath cells are non-inductive despite sharing other behavioural characteristics (a common lineage and in situ proximity) with papilla cells. However, since sheath cells can behave inductively in amputated follicles after regenerating the papilla, this poses the question of what influences the sheath to papilla cell transition? During reciprocal tissue interactions specific epidermal cues are crucial to skin appendage development,

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Yang, Leilei, Lijuan Wang, and Xiao Yang. "Disruption of Smad4 in Mouse Epidermis Leads to Depletion of Follicle Stem Cells." Molecular Biology of the Cell 20, no. 3 (2009): 882–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e08-07-0731.

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Follicle stem cells (SCs) residing in the bulge region of a hair follicle (HF) can give rise to multiple lineages during the hair cycle and wound healing. The activation and self-renewal of follicle SCs must be tightly regulated to maintain the HF and epidermal homeostasis. Here we show that, in young mice, disruption of epidermal Smad4, the common mediator of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling, stimulated the activation of follicle SCs, leading to hyperplasia of interfollicular epidermis (IFE), HFs, and sebaceous glands (SGs). Increased proliferation of follicle SCs ultimately exh

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Ito, M., T. Tazawa, K. Ito, N. Shimizu, K. Katsuumi, and Y. Sato. "Immunological characteristics and histological distribution of human hair fibrous proteins studied with anti-hair keratin monoclonal antibodies HKN-2, HKN-4, and HKN-6." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 34, no. 2 (1986): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/34.2.2418103.

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By use of a mouse hybridoma technique, monoclonal antibodies were produced against hair fibrous proteins, which were extracted from normal human hairs. Three monoclonal antibodies, designated as HKN-2, HKN-4, and HKN-6, were chosen and used to investigate the immunological characteristics of hair fibrous proteins. Epidermal fibrous proteins were also extracted from human sole callus horny materials. Hair or epidermal fibrous proteins were electrophoretically separated on polyacrylamide gels with sodium dodecyl sulfate. By immunoblot analyses, HKN-2 and HKN-4 marked the electrophoretic bands of

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Rippa, A. L., E. A. Vorotelyak, A. V. Vasiliev, and V. V. Terskikh. "The Role of Integrins in the Development and Homeostasis of the Epidermis and Skin Appendages." Acta Naturae 5, no. 4 (2013): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/20758251-2013-5-4-22-33.

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Integrins play a critical role in the regulation of adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation of cells. Because of the variety of the functions they play in the cell, they are necessary for the formation and maintenance of tissue structure integrity. The trove of data accumulated by researchers suggests that integrins participate in the morphogenesis of the epidermis and its appendages. The development of mice with tissue-specific integrin genes knockout and determination of the genetic basis for a number of skin diseases in humans showed the significance of integrins in the biol

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Rice, R. H., V. J. Wong, and K. E. Pinkerton. "Ultrastructural visualization of cross-linked protein features in epidermal appendages." Journal of Cell Science 107, no. 7 (1994): 1985–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.107.7.1985.

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Upon vigorous extraction with ionic detergent under reducing conditions, the macroscopic structures of mammalian hair, bird feather and horny teeth of the hagfish become swollen and flexible but were substantially preserved. In each case, removal in this way of solubilizable constituents, such as disulfide-bonded keratins and associated matrix proteins, left a residue of epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine cross-linked protein. Residual features in hair included cell envelopes in the cortex, cell envelopes and intracellular deposits in the medulla, and nearly the entire cuticle cells. In feather, e

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Jahoda, C. A., K. A. Horne, A. Mauger, S. Bard, and P. Sengel. "Cellular and extracellular involvement in the regeneration of the rat lower vibrissa follicle." Development 114, no. 4 (1992): 887–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.114.4.887.

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The sequence of events leading to the reconstruction of a fibre-producing hair follicle, after microsurgical amputation of the lower follicle bulb, has been detailed by immunohistology and electron microscopy. The initial response was essentially found to be a wound reaction, in that hyperproliferative follicle epidermis quickly spread to below the level of amputation—associated with downward movement of mesenchymal (or dermal) sheath cells. Fibronectin was prominent in both dermis and epidermis at this stage and, as in wound repair, preceded laminin and type IV collagen in covering the lower

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