Relevant bibliographies by topics / Equilibrium concentration

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Equilibrium concentration'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Equilibrium concentration"

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Nguyen, Minhtri K., Liyo Kao, and Ira Kurtz. "Calculation of the equilibrium pH in a multiple-buffered aqueous solution based on partitioning of proton buffering: a new predictive formula." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 296, no. 6 (2009): F1521—F1529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.90651.2008.

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Upon the addition of protons to an aqueous solution containing multiple buffers, the final H+concentration ([H+]) at equilibrium is determined by the partitioning of added H+among the various buffer components. In the analysis of acid-base chemistry, the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and the Stewart strong ion formulation can only describe (rather than predict) the equilibrium pH following a proton load since these formulas calculate the equilibrium pH only when the reactant concentrations at equilibrium11 The term “equilibrium” refers to the steady state proton and reactant concentrations wh
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Babu, Dr B. Sarath, and Priyanka Seerla Venkata. "Recovery of Propionic Acid from Aqueous Phase using Alamine 336 in 1 - Octanol by Reactive Extraction." Indian Journal of Petroleum Engineering 4, no. 1 (2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54105/ijpe.a1920.04010524.

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The by-products of carboxylic acids are useful in chemical industry, pharmaceutical industry, preservations, drug delivery towards a more economical energy efficient technology. Physical and chemical equilibria results are presented as equilibrium distribution, distribution co -efficient, extraction efficiency, loading ratio and volume percentage by varying concentrations. The distribution of propionic acid between aqueous phase and organic phase reaches equilibrium over a concentration range of 0.009 kmol/m3 – 0.055 kmol/m3 . The optimum TOA concentration is found to be 40% at which KD value
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Priyanka, Seerla Venkata. "Recovery of Propionic Acid from Aqueous Phase using Alamine 336 in 1 - Octanol by Reactive Extraction." Indian Journal of Petroleum Engineering (IJPE) 4, no. 1 (2024): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.54105/ijpe.A1920.04010524.

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<strong>Abstract:</strong> The by-products of carboxylic acids are useful in chemical industry, pharmaceutical industry, preservations, drug delivery towards a more economical energy efficient technology. Physical and chemical equilibria results are presented as equilibrium distribution, distribution co -efficient, extraction efficiency, loading ratio and volume percentage by varying concentrations. The distribution of propionic acid between aqueous phase and organic phase reaches equilibrium over a concentration range of 0.009 kmol/m3 &ndash; 0.055 kmol/m3. The optimum TOA concentration is fo
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Mangongo Tinda, Yves, Jean-Pierre Lueteta Mulenda, and Josaphat Di-Phanzu Ndelo. "ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI IN THE PRESENCE OF CONCENTRATION OF CO2 AND IMMUNE SYSTEM." Journal Africain des Sciences 1, no. 1 (2024): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.70237/jafrisci.2024.v1.i1.05.

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In this paper, we present a mathematical model describing the dynamics of Helicobacter pylori population in the presence of 〖CO〗_2 and the immune system. We analyze the mathematical and biological meaningful of the model. We analyze the equilibrium of the model. This analysis shows the presence of two types of equilibrium. The first one occurs in the absence of the immune response and when there is no 〖CO〗_2 in the stomach, called “disease-free equilibrium”. The second equilibriums, called “endemic equilibriums”, occur in the presence of immune response and when the concentration of 〖CO〗_2 is
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Cieślik, Andrzej. "Exports versus FDI in Smith-Motta framework." Equilibrium 11, no. 2 (2016): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2016.009.

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In this paper we study the choice between exporting and foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Smith-Motta duopoly framework. First, we identify the conditions necessary for exporting and FDI, depending on the costs of exporting and the cost of foreign investment. Then, we discuss various proximity-concentration tradeoffs. Finally, we demonstrate that six possible types of equilibriums may emerge depending on various combinations of the key parameters of the model. These equilibriums include: a monopoly FDI equilibrium, a monopoly exporting equilibrium, a domestic monopoly equilibrium, a duopo
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Trishch, Vitaliy R., Yuriy O. Beznosyk, Denis Constales, and Gregory S. Yablonsky. "Over-Equilibrium as a Result of Conservatively-Perturbed Equilibrium (Acyclic and Cyclic Mechanisms)." Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics 47, no. 1 (2021): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jnet-2021-0036.

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Abstract The effect of over-equilibrium, i. e., the effect at which the concentration of some substance is higher than the corresponding equilibrium value, is demonstrated for two types of ideal chemical reactors, continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and plug-flow reactor (PFR), respectively, under conditions of conservatively perturbed-equilibrium (CPE). Two types of complex chemical mechanisms are analyzed, acyclic and cyclic ones. Using numerical experiments and the same residence times, it is shown that for the steady-state PFR this effect is more pronounced that for the steady-state C
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ULYSSES, FREEMAN, GISH T., and KIRSCHNER STANLEY. "Concentration Effects on Equilibria in Pfeiffer Effect Systems of Fast-racemising Complexes." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 69, Aug 1992 (1992): 510–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6033302.

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Department of Chemistry. Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, U.S.A.<strong> </strong> <em>Manuscript received 31 May 1991</em> The equilibria in several Pfeiffer Effect systems. differing in concentrations and concentration ratios of complex to environment substance, were studied It was found that keeping the complex concentration constant while increasing the concentration of the environment substance, results in an increase in the conversion of one enantiomer of the complex to the other, which supports the proposed hydrogen-bonding mechanism for the equilibrium displacement.
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Vilboi, Mykhailo O., Vitaliy R. Trishch, and Gregory S. Yablonsky. "Conservatively Perturbed Equilibrium (CPE)—Phenomenon as a Tool for Intensifying the Catalytic Process: The Case of Methane Reforming Processes." Catalysts 14, no. 7 (2024): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal14070395.

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The phenomenon of conservatively perturbed equilibrium (CPE) was applied to the processes of methane reforming (dry and steam reforming) and analyzed using kinetic computer simulations. This phenomenon was studied for two products, CO and H2, at different temperatures. “Unperturbed” species with inlet concentrations equal to the outlet equilibrium concentration experienced unavoidable passing through the temporary extremum (the CPE point), in this case, the maximum. Application of the CPE phenomenon to the complex catalytic methane reforming processes demonstrate two improvements: 1. Achieving
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Yamada, Ryohei, Yuki Tamakuma, Takahito Suzuki, et al. "A Preliminary Study of Radon Equilibrium Factor at a Tourist Cave in Okinawa, Japan." Atmosphere 12, no. 12 (2021): 1648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12121648.

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The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) issued its Publication 137, Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 3 in which the radon equilibrium factor is fixed as 0.4 for tourist caves; however, several studies have reported a different value for the factor and its seasonal variation has also been observed. In this study, the radon concentration, equilibrium equivalent radon concentration and meteorological data were measured, and the equilibrium factor was evaluated in a tourist cave, Gyokusen-do Cave located in the southern part of Okinawa Island in southwestern Japan
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Feenstra, Robert C., Gary G. Hamilton, and Eun Mie Lim. "Chaebol and Catastrophe: A New View of the Korean Business Groups and Their Role in the Financial Crisis." Asian Economic Papers 1, no. 2 (2002): 1–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/15353510260187373.

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We present a model of industrial organization that has multiple stable equilibria and argue that the high-concentration equilibrium describes Korea's economy and the low-concentration equilibrium describes Taiwan's economy. Past industrial policy of the state may have put Korea's economy in the high-concentration equilibrium, but discontinuation of the policy did not cause the industrial organization to change because this is an economically viable equilibrium. The high-concentration equilibrium produces a narrower range of final goods than the low-concentration equilibrium, which explains why
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Equilibrium concentration"

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Moles, Jordan. "On concentration inequalities for equilibrium states in lattice and symbolic dynamical systems." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX102.

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Cette étude traite de l'existence de concentration Gaussienne pour des états d'équilibre suffisamment mélangeant sur réseau. De plus, nous montrons qu'une telle condition assure l'unicité de ceux-ci.Dans le premier chapitre, nous montrons que si un état d'équilibre associé à un potentiel invariant par décalage et absolument sommable satisfait la concentration Gaussienne alors il est à fortiori mélangeant et unique i.e. il ne peut y avoir transition de phase.Par la suite, nous étudions numériquement un modèle physique particulier autorisant une transition de phase à savoir le modèle d'Ising fer
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Lueker, Timothy J. "The ratio of the first and second dissociation constants of carbonic acid determined from the concentration of carbon dioxide in gas and seawater at equilibrium /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9907827.

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Bonaldo, Davide. "Contributions to long-term morphodynamic modelling of estuaries, lagoons, and littoral zones." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422178.

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In the present thesis I will resume the formulation and some applications of a two-dimensional mathematical model for the long-term representation of the morphodynamic processes which take place in tidal environments. I will refer to non-cohesive sediments, eventually with non uniform grain size. In the conceptualization presented here the large-scale morphodynamic problem is described based on the concepts of Transport Concentration and Intertidal Dispersion, directly resulting from an appropriate time averaging operation and from an empirical approach to the uncertainties of the problem. T
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Won, Jooyoung [Verfasser], and Gerald [Akademischer Betreuer] Brezesinski. "Dynamic and equilibrium adsorption behaviour of ß-lactoglobulin at the solution/tetradecane interface: Effect of solution concentration, pH and ionic strength / Jooyoung Won ; Betreuer: Gerald Brezesinski." Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1218792973/34.

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Robert, Lakatoš. "Primena i razvoj metoda za određivanje radona i torona u zemljištu i vazduhu radi procene radonskog potencijala." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2019. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=110569&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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U okviru ove&nbsp; disertacije razvijena je i&nbsp; verifikovana metoda&nbsp; za&nbsp; direktno&nbsp; merenje&nbsp; koncentracije&nbsp; toronovih&nbsp; potomaka&nbsp; u vazduhu&nbsp; i&nbsp; određivanje&nbsp; toronske&nbsp; ravnoteže.&nbsp; Pouzdanost&nbsp; i primenljivost&nbsp; predloženog&nbsp; GAMA&nbsp; metoda&nbsp; proverena&nbsp; je sveobuhvatnom&nbsp; studijom&nbsp; koncentracija&nbsp; radona,&nbsp; torona&nbsp; i svih parametara koji doprinose ovim koncentracijama na 16 različitih&nbsp; lokacija&nbsp; na&nbsp; području&nbsp; Srbije&nbsp; odabranih&nbsp; na&nbsp; osnovugeomorfologije&nb
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Höglund, Andreas. "Electronic Structure Calculations of Point Defects in Semiconductors." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fysiska institutionen, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7926.

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In this thesis point defects in semiconductors are studied by electronic structure calculations. Results are presented for the stability and equilibrium concentrations of native defects in GaP, InP, InAs, and InSb, for the entire range of doping conditions and stoichiometry. The native defects are also studied on the (110) surfaces of InP, InAs, and InSb. Comparing the relative stability at the surface and in the bulk, it is concluded that the defects have a tendency to migrate to the surface. It is found that the cation vacancy is not stable, but decomposes into an anion antisite-anion vacanc
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Schaefer, Gilmar Luiz. "Retenção e liberação de fósforo em sedimento de fundo de açudes e córregos de pequenas bacias hidrográficas em um assentamento de reforma agrária." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5619.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>Phosphorus (P) plays an important role in eutrophication of aquatic systems and the streams and pond bed sediments are an important environmental compartment in this process. The bed sediment can act as a sink or source of P to the overlying water depending on their physicochemical and biological characteristics. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the P dynamics in bottom sediment of ponds and streams and to determine their potential to adsorb or release P due to human activities in two agricultural watersheds. Th
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Vashchuk, Alina, Sviatoslav Motrunich, and Maksym Iurzhenko. "Thermally induced chemical welding of epoxy-based films." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/50610.

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1. Vakulenko I.O. Influence of chemical compounds on the forming of welding arc / I.O. Vakulenko, S.O. Plitchenko, D.M. Makarevich // Science and transport progress. – 2014. - №5. – Р. 92-100<br>Chemical welding is a relatively new welding approach resulting from chemical reactions that occur at the interface opens the way towards assembly epoxybased materials without adhesives or molds<br>Хімічне зварювання є відносно новим підходом до зварювання, який базується на хімічних реакціях, які перебігають на межі розділу фаз, і відкриває можливість монтажу епоксидних матеріалів без клеїв та форм
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Voges, Matthias [Verfasser]. "Effects of Concentration and Additives on Thermodynamic Equilibria of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions / Matthias Voges." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1156510147/34.

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Костюченко, Євген Володимирович, Евгений Владимирович Костюченко та Yevhen Volodymyrovych Kostiuchenko. "Концентрування водних розчинів малолетких рідин в плівковому апараті з протоком нейтрального газу". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2021. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/86295.

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Дисертаційна робота присвячена дослідженню закономірностей процесу концентрування водних розчинів малолетких рідин у стікаючій плівці випаровуванням в перехресний потік нейтрального газу і використанню результатів цих досліджень для створення нової конструкції концентратора та методики його розрахунку. Такий концентратор дозволяє проводити безвакуумне концентрування розчинів при температурі нижче температури їх кипіння, що, зважаючи на високі температури кипіння мололетких рідин, дає можливість знизити енерговитрати й відмовитися від дефіцитних видів палива, що використовується для нагрівання
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Books on the topic "Equilibrium concentration"

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Ferm, Martin. Concentration measurements and equilibrium studies of ammonium, nitrate, and sulphur species in air and precipitation. Dept. of Inorganic Chemistry, 1986.

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M, Brensilver Jeffrey, ed. A primer of water, electrolyte, and acid-base syndromes. 7th ed. Lea & Febiger, 1986.

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1945-, Gilbert Richard J., and Jacquemin Alexis, eds. Barriers to entry and strategic competition. Routledge, 2001.

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1956-, Trivieri Larry, та Mor-Barlev Mikhal, ред. Madrikh mezonot ḥumtsiyim u-vesisiyim. 2009.

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Doucet, Alain, and Gilles Crambert. Potassium homeostasis. Edited by Robert Unwin. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0023.

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The equilibrium between the concentration of K+ in the extracellular space (low) and the intracellular compartment (high) is crucial for maintaining the electrical properties of excitable and non-excitable cells, because it determines the membrane resting potential. The high intracellular concentration of K+ (120–140 mmol/L) also contributes to the intracellular osmolarity, a determinant of cell volume. It is therefore crucial to finely tune both extracellular and intracellular K+ concentrations. There is a coordinated regulation between processes/mechanisms that store/release K+ from internal
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Acid-base balance manipulation: Effect on serum human growth hormone concentration after acute, high-intensity cycle exercise. 1992.

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Acid-base balance manipulation: Effect on serum human growth hormone concentration after acute, high-intensity cycle exercise. 1992.

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Acid-base balance manipulation: Effect on serum human growth hormone concentration after acute, high-intensity cycle exercise. 1992.

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Acid-base balance manipulation: Effect on serum human growth hormone concentration after acute, high-intensity cycle exercise. 1992.

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Jr, Larry Trivieri, and Susan Brown. The Acid-Alkaline Food Guide: A Quick Reference to Foods & Their Effect on pH Levels. Square One Publishers, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Equilibrium concentration"

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Sperelakis, Nicholas. "Concentration Cells and Equilibrium Potentials." In Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine. Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2590-5_5.

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Maslov, Sergei, and Iaroslav Ispolatov. "Propagation of Concentration Perturbations in Equilibrium Protein Binding Networks." In Pathway Analysis for Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470399279.ch11.

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Ikkatai, Takuo, and Noboru Okada. "Viscosity, Specific Gravity, and Equilibrium Concentration of Sodium Aluminate Solutions." In Essential Readings in Light Metals. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48176-0_21.

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Ikkatai, Takuo, and Noboru Okada. "Viscosity, Specific Gravity, and Equilibrium Concentration of Sodium Aluminate Solutions." In Essential Readings in Light Metals. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118647868.ch21.

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Zrinyi, Miklós, and Ferenc Horkay. "On the Temperature Dependence of Equilibrium Concentration of Slightly Crosslinked Gels." In Biological and Synthetic Polymer Networks. Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1343-1_31.

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Wedlock, D. J., A. Moman, and J. Grimsey. "Consolidation of Depletion Flocculated Concentrated Suspensions Influence of Non-Adsorbing Polymer Concentration on Consolidation Rate Constants." In The Structure, Dynamics and Equilibrium Properties of Colloidal Systems. Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3746-1_50.

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Lin, Wang, Xu Dan, Feng Jianxin, Cui Hanlong, Wang Wenhui, and Zhu Yingxi. "Solid-Liquid Equilibria of Ternary Systems UO2(NO3)2 + HNO3 + H2O and UF4 + HF + H2O at 298 K." In Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1023-6_42.

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AbstractUO2(NO3)2 and UF4 are significant intermediates that connect different chemical unit operations (such as dissolution, evaporation, concentration, extraction and etc.) in uranium chemical industry. Commonly, there is a basic physicochemical question about phase equilibrium of ternary systems UO2(NO3)2 + HNO3 + H2O and UF4 + HF + H2O, it is crucial to understand the phase behavior and thermodynamic properties of them with the continuous development of uranium chemical industry. In this study, solid-liquid phase equilibria of ternary systems UO2(NO3)2 + HNO3 + H2O and UF4 + HF + H2O at 29
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Liu, Yan, Xiaojing Liu, Sijia Du, Jiageng Wang, and Hui He. "Multi-Physics Coupling Model for Thermal Hydraulics and Solute Transport in CRUD Deposits." In Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1023-6_35.

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AbstractThe porous Chalk River Unidentified Deposit (CRUD) depositions on the fuel cladding have a great impact on the heat transfer and power distribution of the reactor, resulting in a decrease in reactor safety and economy. In current paper, a multi-physics model is developed to simulate thermal hydraulics and boron hideout within the CRUD depositions. Processes including heat transfer, pressure drop, capillary flow, solute transport, chemical reactions and radiolysis reactions are fully coupled. The coolant flows through the capillary tubes in the porous medium and evaporates into steam at
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Ad, Chifaa, Mebrouk Djedid, Mokhtar Benalia, Asma Boudaoud, Hicham Elmsellem, and Fatiha Ben Saffedine. "Adsorptive Removal of Nickel (II) Using Luffa cylindrica: Effect of NaCl Concentration on Equilibrium and Kinetic Parameters." In Recent Advances in Environmental Science from the Euro-Mediterranean and Surrounding Regions. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70548-4_383.

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Shekhawat, Shalini, Akash Saxena, A. K. Dwivedi, and Rajesh Kumar. "A Hybrid Forecasting Model Based on Equilibrium Optimizer and Artificial Neural Network for Assessment of PM10 Concentration." In Algorithms for Intelligent Systems. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4604-8_41.

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Conference papers on the topic "Equilibrium concentration"

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Kvarekvål, Jon. "A Kinetic Model for Calculating Concentration Profiles and Fluxes of Correlated Species across the Nernst Diffusion Layer." In CORROSION 1997. NACE International, 1997. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1997-97005.

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Abstract The aggressive behavior of carbonic acid solutions upon various steels has been widely investigated, but is yet not fully understood. In order to achieve more knowledge of the mechanisms of CO2 corrosion, simultaneous diffusion and homogenous chemical reactions have been simulated close to a corroding iron electrode, using kinetic data for the reactions involving CO2-related species and water. Many CO2 corrosion models predict mass transfer across the stagnant diffusion layer without considering contributions from homogenous chemical reactions.1-3 However, such reactions play a signif
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Mousson, J. L., B. Vuillemin, R. Oltra, and R. A. Cottis. "Use of a General Purpose Finite Element Package for Modeling of Crevice Corrosion." In CORROSION 2004. NACE International, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2004-04066.

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Abstract This paper presents the first step of a mathematical model of the propagation period of crevice corrosion using a commercial finite element program. Potential and concentration profiles inside the crevice are in good agreement with previous studies. A detailed inspection of the crevice mouth indicates that accounting for the equilibrium conditions by using very high rate constants leads to the appearance of a sharp domain where the equilibria are not fulfilled. This discrepancy can be only partially suppressed, since increasing a rate constant for a reaction may destabilize the equili
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Gao, Xin, Fazlollah Madani Sani, Zheng Ma, Bruce Brown, Marc Singer, and Srdjan Nesic. "A Quantitative Study of FeCO3 Solubility in Non-ideal Solutions." In CORROSION 2021. AMPP, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2021-16964.

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Abstract The effect of NaCl concentration (non-ideality) was investigated on the solubility of FeCO3 layer. After a layer of FeCO3 was formed on a gold coated crystal, NaCl was incrementally added into the solution and the mass change of the FeCO3 layer was measured with an Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance (EQCM). It was found that the mass of the precipitated FeCO3 layer did not change with increasing NaCl concentration even though the saturation value of FeCO3 (SFeCO3.) was far below 1 and dissolution of FeCO3 was expected. It was hypothesized that the calculation of SFeCO3 was in
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Hsu, H. S., and J. H. DeVan. "Thermodynamics of the Corrosion of Chromium in Molten Carbonates." In CORROSION 1985. NACE International, 1985. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1985-85343.

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Abstract To define and study the mechanisms that control the corrosion of current collector materials in molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC), the corrosion of chromium in Li2CO3-K2CO3 melts has been investigated from a thermodynamic point of view. Thermochemical calculations with the SOLGASMIX-PV computer program were used to establish equilibrium phase relationships. This paper considers phase stability diagrams of Cr-Li2CO3, Cr-K2CO3, and Cr-(Li,K)2CO3 systems at 650°C. The condensed phases at equilibrium are mapped as functions of logaO2andlogaCO2 for the gas mixture O2, CO2, and Ar; aO2anda
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Lumsden, J. B., P. J. Stocker, G. A. Pollock, and P. J. Millett. "Heated Crevice Investigation of the Effects of Feedwater Chemistry on Crevice Chemistry and Crevice Potential." In CORROSION 1996. NACE International, 1996. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1996-96111.

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Abstract A device has been constructed which mimics the geometry and operating conditions of a tube/tube support plate crevice in a pressurized water reactor (PWR) steam generator. This apparatus is instrumented to measure the tube wall temperature in the crevice, the free span and crevice potentials, and the crevice chemistry. Results have been obtained for 280°C NaOH solutions continuously pumped through the autoclave under several crevice temperature and power levels. Changes in tube wall temperature changes after superheat was applied indicated that various depths in the crevice underwent
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Brown, Bruce, Kun-Lin Lee, and Srdjan Nesic. "Corrosion in Multiphase Flow Containing Small Amounts of H2S." In CORROSION 2003. NACE International, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2003-03341.

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Abstract Experiments in a large-scale flow loop provide an example of a somewhat increased corrosion rate under multiphase flow conditions caused by a low concentration of H2S in a CO2 saturated environment. Under operating conditions that prevent scale formation, the addition of 3ppm H2S in the gas phase increased the corrosion rate of AISI C 1018 and API 5L X-65 carbon steels, while the addition of H2S concentrations of 15ppm and greater tended to retard corrosion. The same effect was not found in single-phase flow. A vapor-liquid equilibrium model for dilute aqueous solutions of H2S/CO2 was
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Vera, J. R., R. Case, and A. Castro. "The Relationship between Hydrogen Permeation and Sulfide Stress Cracking Susceptibility of OCTG Materials at Different Temperatures and pH Values." In CORROSION 1997. NACE International, 1997. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1997-97047.

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Abstract The sulfide stress cracking susceptibility of high strength steels used for oil grade tubulars (OCTG) was found to correlate with the hydrogen concentration inside the metal, in equilibrium with the H2S saturated solution at different temperatures and pH values. This correlation can be applied to extrapolate laboratory tests results, obtained using standardized solutions, to actual field conditions.
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Alaei, Padina, Bernard P. Binks, Paul D. I. Fletcher, Ibrahim E. Salama, and David I. Horsup. "Surfactant Properties of Alkylbenzyldimethylammonium Chloride Oilfield Corrosion Inhibitors." In CORROSION 2013. NACE International, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2013-02158.

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Abstract We have investigated the surfactant properties, including aggregation, partitioning between oil and aqueous phases and adsorption to different surfaces of a homologous series of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride (CnBDMAC) corrosion inhibitors with alkyl chain lengths from 10 to 16 carbons for different concentrations of brine and temperatures. Air-water surface tension measurements have been used to determine the critical micelle concentrations (CMC) and the isotherms for adsorption at the air-water surface. The phase behavior in mixtures with different oils and the surfactant dist
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Mountain, Bruce W., Terry M. Seward, and Julia K. Björke. "Amorphous Aluminous Silica Scales: Thermochemistry for Better Scale Prediction Models." In CORROSION 2013. NACE International, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2013-02246.

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Abstract Amorphous aluminous silica (AAS) scale samples from the Wairakei and Ohaaki power stations, New Zealand, have been characterized chemically and mineralogically. These show that Al is present in the amorphous phase and not in a distinct aluminosilicate mineral. The electron microprobe analyses show zonation of the aluminum concentration, which correlates with the concentration of sodium and potassium. One of the Ohaaki scales (SP3 2011) was used in a flow-through experiment at 100 – 250 °C and pressures slightly above saturated water vapor pressure, using distilled water. Measured solu
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Engelhardt, G. R., D. D. Macdonald, and M. Urquidi-Macdonald. "Development of Fast Algoritms for Estimating Stress Corrosion Crack Growh Rate in Sentized Stainless Steels in Boiling Water Reactor Coolant Environments." In CORROSION 1999. NACE International, 1999. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1999-99452.

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Abstract A simplified method is proposed for modeling the chemistry and potential distribution in a stress corrosion crack in sensitized stainless steel in boiling water reactor (BWR) coolant environments. The model is based on an assumption that only those species that are present at the largest concentrations in the crevice determine the potential distribution down the crack. The advantage of this method is that it permits simplification of the mathematics and allows predictions to be made of the potential and concentration distributions without knowing various parameters, such as the equili
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Reports on the topic "Equilibrium concentration"

1

Lambert, D. P. Equilibrium ammonium concentration in slurry mix evaporator condensate tank (SMECT) with ammonia scrubbers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6985863.

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2

Lambert, D. P. Equilibrium ammonium concentration in slurry mix evaporator condensate tank (SMECT) with ammonia scrubbers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10118182.

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3

Terah, E. I. Practical classes in general chemistry for students of specialties «General Medicine», «Pediatrics», «Dentistry». SIB-Expertise, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0556.13042022.

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Videos of 11 practical lessons on general chemistry are presented. The following topics are considered – chemical thermodynamics and kinetics, chemical equilibrium, methods of expressing the concentration of solutions, electrolyte solutions, pH, buffer solutions, hydrolysis, redox pro-cesses. For each topic, the main theoretical provisions are given, as well as a detailed solution of typical calculation problems is given. The total dura-tion of the video lessons is 8 hours 21 minutes.
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Kaymak, Barış, and Immo Schott. Corporate tax cuts and the decline of the manufacturing labor share. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202239.

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We document a strong empirical connection between corporate taxation and the manufacturing labor share, both in the US and across OECD countries. Our estimates associate 30 percent to 60 percent of the observed decline in labor shares with the fall in corporate taxation. Using an equilibrium model of an industry where firms differ in their capital intensities, we show that lower corporate tax rates reduce the labor share by raising the market share of capital-intensive firms. The tax elasticity of the labor share depends on the joint distribution of labor intensities and value added at the mic
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Perobelli, Fernando S., and Edson P. Domínguez. Regional Aspects of Brazil's Trade Policy. Inter-American Development Bank, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008664.

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This paper aims to evaluate a number of spatial aspects of Brazils current trade policy, emphasizing those relating to economic integration in general, and bilateral trade with Argentina in particular. A national computable general equilibrium model was developed and implemented (EFES-ARG), in order to evaluate the sectoral impact of different trade integration strategies with specific economic countries/blocs. Moreover, EFES-ARG was integrated with an interstate trade model such that the national results obtained were regionalized. The analysis of the short-run regional aspects of Brazilian t
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Lotufo, Guilherme, Mandy Michalsen, Danny Reible, et al. Interlaboratory study of polyethylene and polydimethylsiloxane polymeric samplers for ex situ measurement of freely dissolved hydrophobic organic compounds in sediment porewater. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48512.

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We evaluated the precision and accuracy of multilaboratory measurements for determining freely dissolved concentrations (Cfree) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediment porewater using polydimethylsiloxane and low-density polyethylene polymeric samplers. Four laboratories exposed performance reference compound (PRC) preloaded polymers to actively mixed and static ex situ sediment for approximately one month or more. For Cfree results, intralaboratory precision was high for single compounds; most PAHs and PCBs variability was low. Variability w
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Crowley, David, Yitzhak Hadar, and Yona Chen. Rhizosphere Ecology of Plant-Beneficial Microorganisms. United States Department of Agriculture, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7695843.bard.

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Rhizoferrin, a siderophore produced by Rhizopus arrhizus, has been shown in previous studies to be an outstanding Fe carrier to plants. However, calculations based on stability constants and thermodynamic equilibrium lead to contradicting conclusions. In this study a kinetic approach was employed to elucidate this apparent contradiction and to determine the behavior of rhizoferrin under conditions representing soil and nutrient solutions. Stability of Fe3+ complexes in nutrient solution, rate of metal exchange with Ca, and rate of Fe extraction by the free ligand were monitored for rhizoferrin
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Shenker, Moshe, Paul R. Bloom, Abraham Shaviv, et al. Fate of Phosphorus Originated from Treated Wastewater and Biosolids in Soils: Speciation, Transport, and Accumulation. United States Department of Agriculture, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697103.bard.

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Beneficial use of reclaimed wastewater (RW) and biosolids (BS) in soils is accompanied by large input of sewage-originated P. Prolonged application may result in P accumulation up to levelsBeneficial use of reclaimed wastewater (RW) and biosolids (BS) in soils is accompanied by large input of sewage-originated P. Prolonged application may result in P accumulation up to levels that impair plant nutrition, increase P loss, and promote eutrophication in downstream waters. This study aims to shed light on the RW- and BS-P forms in soils and to follow the processes that determine P reactivity, solu
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Reilly, John, and Sergey Paltsev. Biomass Energy and Competition for Land. GTAP Working Paper, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp46.

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*Chapter 8 of the forthcoming book "Economic Analysis of Land Use in Global Climate Change Policy," edited by Thomas W. Hertel, Steven Rose, and Richard S.J. Tol We describe an approach for incorporating biomass energy production and competition for land into the MIT Emissions Prediction and Policy Analysis (EPPA) model, a computable general equilibrium model of the world economy. We examine multiple scenarios where greenhouse gas emissions are abated or not. The global increase in biomass energy use in a reference scenario (without climate change policy) is about 30 EJ/year by 2050 and about
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