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Journal articles on the topic 'Equivalence of scale'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 15 February 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Jenkins, Stephen P., and Frank A. Cowell. "Parametric Equivalence Scales and Scale Relativities." Economic Journal 104, no. 425 (1994): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2234983.

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2

Banks, James, and Paul Johnson. "Equivalence Scale Relativities Revisited." Economic Journal 104, no. 425 (1994): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2234982.

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3

Van, Thi Nghiem. "Is women's work enough to reduce poverty in Vietnam." International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research 5, no. 7 (2016): 23–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3464801.

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This paper analyzes the role of women’s work in reducing poverty in Vietnam during the period of 2004-08. We use t-test to compare the equality of means of a group of family with working woman and a group of family with non-working woman using two indexes to calculate expenditure per capita: (1) expenditure per capita; (2) expenditure per equivalence of scales. Expenditure per capita is simply counting the number of people in a household while expenditure per equivalence of scale deflates expenditure by the number of children scaling by some fractions of an adult. This is our contributio

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Bücker, Joost, Olivier Furrer, and Tanja Peeters Weem. "Robustness and cross-cultural equivalence of the Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS)." Journal of Global Mobility: The Home of Expatriate Management Research 4, no. 3 (2016): 300–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgm-05-2016-0022.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the cross-cultural equivalence of the four-dimensional 20-item Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS) and the two-dimensional 12-item cultural intelligence (CQ) short scale. Furthermore, the study elaborates on the results by discussing the differences between culturally equivalent and culturally non-equivalent items. Design/methodology/approach Data gathered from 607 students with a Chinese or Dutch background and mature international experience serve to test the cross-cultural equivalence of the CQS. Findings This study addresses the lack of clarity

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5

Li, Yaxin, Jie Yang, Bainian Yi, Rengcun Fang, and Dongyin Zhang. "Dynamic equivalence of doubly-fed wind turbines based on parameter identification and optimization." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2113, no. 1 (2021): 012046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2113/1/012046.

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Abstract The dynamic equivalence and modeling of large-scale wind farms is the basis for studying the problem of multi-temporal and spatial scale wind farms grid connection, and the establishment of a high-precision equivalence model is a key issue among them. This paper takes doubly-fed wind turbines as the research object. Aiming at the problem of large dynamic errors in direct aggregation of equivalents into a single unit, an equivalent model combined with particle swarm optimization algorithm is established to improve the accuracy of dynamic equivalents. The electrical parameters, reactive

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Kot, Stanisław Maciej. "Equivalence scales for continuous distributions of expenditure." Equilibrium 18, no. 1 (2023): 185–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eq.2023.006.

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Research background: In the actual sizable populations of households, the standard microeconomic concept of equivalence scales is intractable since its necessary condition of equality of household welfare levels is unlikely to be fulfilled. Purpose of the article: This paper aims to develop a concept of an equivalence scale, which can be suitable for continuous distributions of expenditures in the population. Methods: Using household welfare intervals, we get the random equivalence scale (RES) as the ratio of expenditure distributions of the compared populations of households. Findings & v

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7

Rokhsar, Daniel S., David C. Wright, and N. David Mermin. "Scale equivalence of quasicrystallographic space groups." Physical Review B 37, no. 14 (1988): 8145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.37.8145.

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8

Kim, Giyeon, Jamie DeCoster, Ami N. Bryant, and Katy L. Ford. "Measurement Equivalence of the K6 Scale." Assessment 23, no. 6 (2016): 758–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191115599639.

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This study examined the measurement equivalence of the K6 across diverse racial/ethnic and linguistic groups in the U.S. differential item functioning analyses using item response theory were conducted among 44,846 U.S. adults drawn from the California Health Interview Survey. Results show that four items (“nervous,” “restless,” “depressed,” and “everything an effort”) varied significantly across races/ethnicities and four items (“nervous,” “hopeless,” “restless,” and “depressed”) varied significantly across languages. In additional effect size analyses designed to separate effects of race/eth

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Садыртдинов, Р. Р., Д. В. Роднянский, and Ф. С. Абдулганиев. "Evaluation of Equivalence Scales for German Household Incomes." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 10(135) (January 10, 2022): 340–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2021.135.10.064.

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В данной статье проведена оценка шкал эквивалентности для расчета доходов домохозяйств Германии на основе данных обследования Германской социально-экономической панели (SOEP) за 2019 г. Расчет шкал эквивалентности осуществлен с помощью регрессионной оценки кривой Энгеля. Полученные величины расчетной шкалы эквивалентности не имеют значительных отклонений от модифицированной шкалой Организации экономического сотрудничества и развития (ОЭСР). Авторами показано, что это имеет существенные последствия для оценки эквивалентных доходов домохозяйств Германии. This article evaluates equivalence scales

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10

Cen, Liyi, Ramin Arani, and Dejun Tang. "The Role of Outcome Response Rate in Planning Biosimilar Studies Using Different Evaluation Metrics." Pharmaceuticals 18, no. 2 (2025): 243. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18020243.

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Background/Objectives: Biosimilar studies use overall response rate to assess clinical similarity. Sample size and power depend on the equivalence margin, defined in either risk difference or risk ratio scale. This manuscript investigates how different evaluation metrics and varying response rates affect study power. Methods: Two numerical simulations are conducted. The first is designed to test in the risk difference scale, while the second tests in the risk ratio scale. Both simulations consider no difference between the biosimilar and reference product. Response rates vary from 0.1 to 0.9,

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Haynes, Brandon, Rana Alotaibi, Anna Pavlenko, Jyoti Leeka, Alekh Jindal, and Yuanyuan Tian. "GEqO: ML-Accelerated Semantic Equivalence Detection." Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data 1, no. 4 (2023): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3626710.

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Large scale analytics engines have become a core dependency for modern data-driven enterprises to derive business insights and drive actions. These engines support a large number of analytic jobs processing huge volumes of data on a daily basis, and workloads are often inundated with overlapping computations across multiple jobs. Reusing common computation is crucial for efficient cluster resource utilization and reducing job execution time. Detecting common computation is the first and key step for reducing this computational redundancy. However, detecting equivalence on large-scale analytics

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12

Liu, Xiao Li, Guo Bin Zhu, Jing Gang LI, and Xue Li. "Topological Equivalence in Multi-Scale Remote Sensing Image Segmentation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 511-512 (February 2014): 510–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.511-512.510.

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Multi-scale image segmentation is a kind of effective means to realize the multi-scale expression of geographical entity features. Describing regions of segmented image and their spatial relation is important for multi-scale image segmentation. The paper focuses on irregular pyramid structure based on topology map to research the equivalence of topological relations on different scales in multi-scale image segmentation, which is important for effectively updating the segmentation process.

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13

Quaranta, Mario. "Measuring political protest in Western Europe: assessing cross-national equivalence." European Political Science Review 5, no. 3 (2012): 457–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773912000203.

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This article tests the cross-national equivalence of the political protest scale, as developed by Barnes and Kaase, in 20 Western European countries using a battery of items included in the fourth wave of the European Values Study. The scale measuring the concept of political protest is widely used, but no evidence of cross-country equivalence has yet been provided in the literature. The article illustrates the concept of political protest, the relationship between concept formation, operationalization, and measurement equivalence, and the possible consequences of a lack of equivalence. It is

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14

Petruzziello, Luciano. "Equivalence principle violation from large scale structure." Physics Letters B 833 (October 2022): 137293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2022.137293.

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15

Rossler, Otto E., and Heinrich Kuypers. "The scale change of Einstein’s equivalence principle." Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 25, no. 4 (2005): 897–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2004.11.097.

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16

Rahimi, Abolfazl. "Estimates of Equivalence scale for Iranian Households." International Journal of New Political Economy 3, no. 2 (2022): 181–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/jep.3.2.181.

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Kalbarczyk-Steclik, Malgorzata, Rafal Mista, and Leszek Morawski. "Subjective equivalence scale – cross-country and time differences." International Journal of Social Economics 44, no. 8 (2017): 1092–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-09-2015-0251.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to calculate the subjective equivalence scale and poverty rates for Poland and compare them to equivalence scales in Eastern and Western Europe. Design/methodology/approach The analysis is based on European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions data for 2005-2012. In particular, the authors capture the minimum needs income question and, knowing the minimum needs income of each individual’s observation, apply OLS regression controlling for income and household structure to estimate the poverty threshold, equivalence scales and poverty. Findings Th

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18

Wang, Yi, Yu Lan Hu, De Xing Sun, Tao Ding, and Luo Jiang Qian. "Equivalence of Large Scale Wind Farm Based on Per-Unit System on RTDS." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 4275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.4275.

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The paper introduces per-unit system for single Doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) and large scale wind farm (LSWF) equivalence, based on which their modeling, including main circuit, linkage equation, power equation and rotor motion equation, are built, and equivalence method of LSWF are present. The single DFIG wind farm system and LSWF are built respectively on Real time digital simulator (RTDS). Comparing simulating results of single DFIG with those of LSWF, conclusion shows per-unit value system is correct, equivalent method is feasible.

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19

Ulman, Paweł. "Equivalence Scale in Terms of Polish Households' Source of Income." Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 10, no. 2 (2012): 114–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10031-011-0044-8.

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Equivalence Scale in Terms of Polish Households' Source of Income The paper presents a comparison of the costs of Polish households by their main source of income. In order to compare these costs the author estimated three kinds of equivalence scales using the Engel method, ELES (Extended Linear Expenditure System), the demand equation and the Bernoulli well-being function. Estimation for household groups determined on account of the main source of income produced by the scales confirmed differences in households' maintenance costs compared to the costs of the reference household. A comparison

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20

Couprie and Ferrant. "Welfare Comparisons, Economies of Scale and Equivalence Scale in Time Use." Annals of Economics and Statistics, no. 117/118 (2015): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.15609/annaeconstat2009.117-118.185.

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21

Almujaiwel, Sultan. "Explaining the complexities of cross-linguistic features using comparable Arabic and English corpora." Corpora 13, no. 2 (2018): 135–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cor.2018.0142.

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The aim of this paper was to conduct a critical inquiry into the status of equivalence in a given context in a bilingual lexicographical work and English–Arabic comparable corpora. This was intended to show the degree of accuracy which old-fashioned approaches and comparable corpora-based ones achieve. The investigation that was launched to demonstrate the degree of accuracy is based on the case of the entries questionnaire and survey, and their Arabic equivalents, al-ʾistiftāʾ and al-ʾistibyān. As these entries and equivalents have been given interchangeable senses in the lexicographical work

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22

Jiang, Xiaofeng, Pengyu Pan, Hao Wang, et al. "Static Equivalence Method of Power Grid Based on Genetic Algorithm." Electronics 13, no. 9 (2024): 1647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13091647.

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When the electromagnetic transient simulation of a large-scale power grid is carried out, because the simulation is limited by the scale of simulation software, it is necessary to divide the grid into internal and external grids, and the external grid is modeled with equivalent simplification. Aiming at resolving the difficulties of the traditional grid equivalence method, such as a cumbersome calculation process and harsh calculation conditions, a static grid equivalence method based on the genetic algorithm is proposed in this paper. The method first constructs an external grid equivalence n

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23

Tang, Thomas Li-Ping, Toto Sutarso, Adebowale Akande, et al. "The Love of Money and Pay Level Satisfaction: Measurement and Functional Equivalence in 29 Geopolitical Entities around the World." Management and Organization Review 2, no. 3 (2006): 423–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2006.00051.x.

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Demonstrating the equivalence of constructs is a key requirement for cross-cultural empirical research. The major purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how to assess measurement and functional equivalence or invariance using the 9-item, 3-factor Love of Money Scale (LOMS, a second-order factor model) and the 4-item, 1-factor Pay Level Satisfaction Scale (PLSS, a first-order factor model) across 29 samples in six continents (N = 5973). In step 1, we tested the configural, metric and scalar invariance of the LOMS and 17 samples achieved measurement invariance. In step 2, we applied the same pr

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24

Browning, M., P. A. Chiappori, and A. Lewbel. "Estimating Consumption Economies of Scale, Adult Equivalence Scales, and Household Bargaining Power." Review of Economic Studies 80, no. 4 (2013): 1267–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdt019.

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Prindle, Duncan J., and Thomas A. Trainor. "The equivalence of fluctuation scale dependence and autocorrelations." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 27 (January 1, 2005): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/27/1/013.

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26

Koch, Steven F. "Catastrophic health payments: does the equivalence scale matter?" Health Policy and Planning 33, no. 8 (2018): 966–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czy072.

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27

Han, Ji, Li Li, Huihui Song, Meng Liu, Zongxun Song, and Yanbin Qu. "An Equivalent Model of Wind Farm Based on Multivariate Multi-Scale Entropy and Multi-View Clustering." Energies 15, no. 16 (2022): 6054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15166054.

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Wind farm (WF) equivalence is an effective method to achieve accurate and efficient simulation of large-scale WF. Existing equivalent models are generally suitable for one certain or very few scenarios, and have difficulty reflecting the multiple aspects of dynamic processes of WF. Aiming at these problems, this paper proposes an equivalent model of WF based on multivariate multi-scale entropy (MMSE) and multi-view clustering. Firstly, the influence of the factors on the dynamic process of the wind turbine (WT) is discussed, including control mode, wind speed and its wake effect, resistance of

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Gao, Ruofan, and Jie Li. "Equivalent constant-amplitude fatigue load method based on the energy equivalence principle." Advances in Structural Engineering 22, no. 13 (2019): 2892–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433219852705.

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An equivalent constant-amplitude cyclic loading method for random vehicle load is proposed based on the concept of energy equivalence. The filtered compound Poisson process is adopted to describe random vehicle load, through which the vehicle load spectrum is gained. The total dissipated energy due to fatigue loads subjected to concrete structures is deduced by introducing a multi-scale model, in which the energy dissipation induced by the nano-cracks level is presented, and the energy transition from nano to macro scales is derived. By assuming that the total energy dissipation under random l

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Balli, Fabrizio, and Silvia Tiezzi. "Declining Equivalence Scales and Cost of Children: Evidence and Implications for Inequality Measurement." B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 13, no. 2 (2013): 761–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2013-0016.

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Abstract This article estimates expenditure-dependent equivalence scales for Italian couples with and without children. Following Donaldson and Pendakur (2006), the generalised absolute equivalence-scale exactness (GAESE) restrictions are incorporated into a translated quadratic almost ideal demand system. We obtain declining-with-expenditure equivalence scales, a pattern that tends to strengthen when the number of children increases. Thus, scale economies in current consumption are lower for families with poor expenditure capacities. We also show that families living in the South bear a subst

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Yang, Grace Meijuan, Shirlyn Hui-Shan Neo, Irene Teo, et al. "Exploring the Score Equivalence of the English and Chinese Versions of the Brief Assessment Scale for Caregivers." Journal of Patient Experience 7, no. 2 (2019): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2374373519836477.

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Background: Multilingual outcome measures are used so that research studies are more generalizable across language contexts. Objective: To determine the score equivalence of the English and Chinese versions of Brief Assessment Scale for Caregivers (BASC) in Singapore. Method: Caregivers of patients with advanced cancer completed the BASC in either English or Chinese. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to compare the mean BASC total and factor scores between the 2 language versions, with adjustment for possible confounding variables. Equivalence was declared if the 90% confidence

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Morawski, Leszek, Małgorzata Kalbarczyk-Stęclik, and Rafał Miśta. "Subjective equivalence scales using EU-SILC panel data for Poland, the Czech Republic, and Hungary." Acta Oeconomica 67, no. 4 (2017): 585–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.2017.67.4.5.

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Equivalence scales are commonly employed in income analysis to compare the wealth of households of various compositions (e.g., 0-child, 1-child). The choice of weights for this type of analysis is not self-evident. In this paper, subjective equivalence scales for households in Poland, the Czech Republic, and Hungary are estimated. We use longitudinal EU-SILC data for 2005–2012 following the approach of Goedhart et al. (1977) as employed by Bishop et al. (2014). The use of longitudinal data shows that previous results on the subjective minimum income that were based on the OLS estimates for cro

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Audenaert, Pieter, Didier Colle, and Mario Pickavet. "Regular Equivalence for Social Networks." Applied Sciences 9, no. 1 (2018): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9010117.

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Networks and graphs are highly relevant in modeling real-life communities and their interactions. In order to gain insight in their structure, different roles are attributed to vertices, effectively clustering them in equivalence classes. A new formal definition of regular equivalence is presented in this paper, and the relation with other equivalence types is investigated and mathematically proven. An efficient algorithm is designed, able to detect all regularly equivalent roles in large-scale complex networks. We apply it to both Barabási–Albert random networks, as well as real-life social n

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Nobili, Anna M., Gian Luca Comandi, Raffaello Pegna, et al. "Testing the weak equivalence principle." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S261 (2009): 390–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921309990688.

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AbstractThe discovery of Dark Energy and the fact that only about 5% of the mass of the universe can be explained on the basis of the current laws of physics have led to a serious impasse. Based on past history, physics might indeed be on the verge of major discoveries; but the challenge is enormous. The way to tackle it is twofold. On one side, scientists try to perform large scale direct observations and measurements – mostly from space. On the other, they multiply their efforts to put to the most stringent tests ever the physical theories underlying the current view of the physical world, f

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Barros, Alcina Juliana Soares, Stefania Pigatto Teche, Aline Rodrigues, et al. "Brazilian Portuguese translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and apparent validation of the Trauma and Attachment Belief Scale." Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 40, no. 1 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0013.

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Abstract Objective This article concerns the translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and apparent validation of the Trauma and Attachment Belief Scale (TABS), an instrument used to assess the psychological effects of traumatic life experiences and vicarious trauma. Methods This study involved literature review and evaluation of conceptual and item equivalences involving expert discussion groups focused on the existence and pertinence of the underlying theoretical concepts and corresponding items in a Brazilian context. Two translations and respective back-translations were performed during the

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Grover, Sandeep, Vikas Menon, Snehil Gupta, K. Vidhukumar, P. V. Indu, and Deenu Chacko. "Translation and adaptation of rating scales." Indian Journal of Psychiatry 67, no. 6 (2025): 643–47. https://doi.org/10.4103/indianjpsychiatry_532_25.

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Rating scales are key to any quantitative research in psychiatry. It is essential to recognize that rating scales developed in one language and cultural context may not directly apply to another. A literal translation may not be sufficient for valid results, as this does not reflect the conceptual equivalence. Therefore, it is essential to translate and adapt rating scales developed in one language to another to ensure the development of a translated scale with good conceptual equivalence to the original scale. This article covers the various types of translations, the translation procedures,

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Blázquez, Gabriel, Mónica Calero, Ángela Gálvez-Pérez, María Ángeles Martín-Lara, and Antonio Pérez. "Bench-Scale Gasification of Olive Cake in a Bubbling Fluidized Bed Reactor." Applied Sciences 14, no. 16 (2024): 7282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14167282.

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The gasification of olive cake is a promising method for converting this material into valuable energy. This work offers interesting results about the effect of equivalence ratio and temperature on the composition and quality of the produced gas obtained during olive cake gasification in a fluidized bed plant with air as a gasification agent. Additionally, the efficiency of the gasification process was evaluated. The results show that, for a specific temperature, an equivalence ratio of 0.3 showed a higher cold gas efficiency. For example, at 850 °C and an equivalence ratio of 0.1, the cold ga

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Wolff, Hans-Georg, Corina I. Schneider-Rahm, and Monica L. Forret. "Adaptation of a German Multidimensional Networking Scale into English." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 27, no. 4 (2011): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000070.

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Networking refers to building and maintaining personal contacts in order to obtain resources that, in turn, enhance one’s career success and work performance. This study reports the translation and adaptation of a multifaceted German networking scale ( Wolff & Moser, 2006 ) into English and focuses on the equivalence of the two language versions. Going beyond the often used translation-backtranslation method, we used a parallel translation-backtranslation method in combination with two expert committees to arrive at the English scale version, aiming to obtain at least structural equivalenc

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Dudek, Hanna. "The problem of the use of unit equivalence scales in the analysis of the income situation of households in the European Union." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 60, no. 9 (2015): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8302.

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The article says about equivalence scales used to compare the income situation of households of different size and demographic composition. The use of a single equivalence scale in the European Union (EU) is questionable due to the different situation of Member States households. The paper presents the results obtained on the basis of panel data on changes in spending share on typical public and private goods. Eurostat data was used on the shares of expenditure on housing, energy, food and soft drinks. The author examined whether the shares of these goods resembled in 2004–2013. It was observe

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Dever, Bridget V., and Samuel Y. Kim. "Measurement Equivalence of the PALS Academic Self-Efficacy Scale." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 32, no. 1 (2016): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000331.

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Abstract. There is consistent evidence of the importance of academic self-efficacy beliefs within educational research, as they are linked to critical academic outcomes. Ethnic and gender differences in academic self-efficacy have been found in nations outside of the United States, suggesting differences in how individual students perceive their academic abilities. However, if researchers are interested in making mean-level comparisons of academic self-efficacy across diverse subpopulations of students, it is imperative to assess the measurement equivalence of the scale used across these subgr

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Jayasinghe, Maneka Savithri, Christine Smith, Andreas Chai, and Shyama Ratnasiri. "The implications of income dependent equivalence scales for measuring poverty in Sri Lanka." International Journal of Social Economics 43, no. 12 (2016): 1300–1314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-03-2015-0061.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test whether household preferences satisfy the assumption of base-independence, to examine the effects of household income on equivalence scales and thereby food consumption economies of scale and to examine how far conventional poverty rates require adjustment when scale economies in food consumption are taken into consideration. Design/methodology/approach To achieve these aims, the authors use a Pendakur (1999) adaptation of the test of base-independence, and income dependent Engel (1895) equivalence scales. Findings In Sri Lanka, the hypothesis of ba

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Arends-Tóth, Judit, Fons J. R. van de Vijver, and Ype H. Poortinga. "The Influence of Method Factors on the Relation between Attitudes and Self-Reported Behaviors in the Assessment of Acculturation." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 22, no. 1 (2006): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.22.1.4.

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The role of variation in response scales and measurement methods in the often implicitly assumed attitude-behavior exchangeability in the assessment of acculturation was investigated. Three levels of equivalence of acculturation attitudes and self-reported behaviors were studied: structural equivalence (identity of the internal structure of attitude and behavior), metric equivalence (identity of measurement unit for the two), and scalar equivalence (identity of measurement unit and scale origin). In three studies involving Turkish-Dutch adults a high overall level of structural equivalence was

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Petek, Davorina, Ambrož Pušnik, Polona Selič, et al. "Semantic and cultural equivalence of the working alliance inventory short-revised scale for therapeutic alliance in family medicine: Lessons learned in Slovenia." Slovenian Journal of Public Health 58, no. 1 (2019): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjph-2019-0003.

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Abstract Introduction Therapeutic alliance is a term most commonly associated with psychotherapeutic treatment, but recently its use has become increasingly significant in the other fields of medicine. An increasing amount of evidence implies that the quality of the therapeutic alliance between the doctor and patient substantially affects treatment outcomes. A European consensus chose the Working Alliance Inventory – Short Revised (WAI-SR) scale as the most efficient for European primary care. This paper presents the process of establishing the semantic and cultural equivalence of the two WAI-

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Jao, Ying-Ling, Ying-Yu Chao, Yo-Jen Liao, Diane Berish, An-Yun Yeh, and Shang-Ti Chen. "Validity of the Chinese Version of the Person-Environment Apathy Rating (PEAR-C) for Persons With Dementia." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (2021): 182–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.696.

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Abstract Apathy is a prevalent neurobehavioral symptom in dementia. Despite that environmental stimulation plays a key role in apathy, it is often overlooked in assessment. The Person-Environment Apathy Rating (PEAR) scale is currently the only validated apathy scale for persons with dementia that addresses environmental stimulation and is only available in English. This project translated the PEAR scale into Mandarin Chinese and evaluated its content validity. The PEAR scale includes two subscales: PEAR-Environment and PEAR-Apathy. Each subscale includes six items. The PEAR scale translation

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NODA, Takahiro. "Equivalence problem of second order PDE for scale transformations." Hokkaido Mathematical Journal 40, no. 3 (2011): 313–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14492/hokmj/1319595858.

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Isgor, Isa Yucel, Canani Kaygusuz, and Ahmet Ragip Ozpolat. "Life Positions Scale Language Equivalence, Reliability and Validity Analysis." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 47 (2012): 284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.652.

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Winterberg, F. "Equivalence and gauge in the Planck-scale aether model." International Journal of Theoretical Physics 34, no. 2 (1995): 265–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00672806.

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Beck, Cheryl Tatano, Henrietta Bernal, and Robin D. Froman. "Methods to document semantic equivalence of a translated scale." Research in Nursing & Health 26, no. 1 (2003): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nur.10066.

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Harasim, Daniel, Stefan Schmidt, and Martin Rohrmeier. "Axiomatic scale theory." Journal of Mathematics and Music 14, no. 3 (2021): 223–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/17459737.2019.1696899.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> Scales are a fundamental concept of musical practice around the world. They commonly exhibit symmetry properties that are formally studied using cyclic groups in the field of mathematical scale theory. This paper proposes an axiomatic framework for mathematical scale theory, embeds previous research, and presents the theory of maximally even scales and well-formed scales in a uniform and compact manner. All theorems and lemmata are completely proven in a modern and consistent notation. In particular, new simplified proofs of existing theorems such as the equivalence o

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Zhai, Jun-Jun, Xiang-Xia Kong, and Lu-Chen Wang. "Thermo-Viscoelastic Response of 3D Braided Composites Based on a Novel FsMsFE Method." Materials 14, no. 2 (2021): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14020271.

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A homogenization-based five-step multi-scale finite element (FsMsFE) simulation framework is developed to describe the time-temperature-dependent viscoelastic behavior of 3D braided four-directional composites. The current analysis was performed via three-scale finite element models, the fiber/matrix (microscopic) representative unit cell (RUC) model, the yarn/matrix (mesoscopic) representative unit cell model, and the macroscopic solid model with homogeneous property. Coupling the time-temperature equivalence principle, multi-phase finite element approach, Laplace transformation and Prony ser

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Zhai, Jun-Jun, Xiang-Xia Kong, and Lu-Chen Wang. "Thermo-Viscoelastic Response of 3D Braided Composites Based on a Novel FsMsFE Method." Materials 14, no. 2 (2021): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14020271.

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A homogenization-based five-step multi-scale finite element (FsMsFE) simulation framework is developed to describe the time-temperature-dependent viscoelastic behavior of 3D braided four-directional composites. The current analysis was performed via three-scale finite element models, the fiber/matrix (microscopic) representative unit cell (RUC) model, the yarn/matrix (mesoscopic) representative unit cell model, and the macroscopic solid model with homogeneous property. Coupling the time-temperature equivalence principle, multi-phase finite element approach, Laplace transformation and Prony ser

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