Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Exposure To Language / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Exposure To Language.

Journal articles on the topic 'Exposure To Language'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Exposure To Language.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

DeAnda, Stephanie, Laura Bosch, Diane Poulin-Dubois, Pascal Zesiger, and Margaret Friend. "The Language Exposure Assessment Tool: Quantifying Language Exposure in Infants and Children." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 59, no. 6 (2016): 1346–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_jslhr-l-15-0234.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose The aim of this study was to develop the Language Exposure Assessment Tool (LEAT) and to examine its cross-linguistic validity, reliability, and utility. The LEAT is a computerized interview-style assessment that requests parents to estimate language exposure. The LEAT yields an automatic calculation of relative language exposure and captures qualitative aspects of early language experience. Method Relative language exposure as reported on the LEAT and vocabulary size at 17 months of age were measured in a group of bilingual language learners with varying levels of exposure to French a

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Genesee, Fred. "Introduction." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 3, no. 3 (2000): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728900000316.

Full text

Abstract:

This special issue of Bilingualism: Language and Cognition is devoted to syntactic aspects of bilingual acquisition. For the purposes of this issue, bilingual acquisition is defined as the acquisition of two languages during the period of primary language development, extending from birth onward. Bilingual acquisition can entail the acquisition of more than two languages (see Cenoz and Jessner, 2000) as well as the acquisition of a spoken and signed language (e.g., Richmond-Welty and Siple, 1999) or of two spoken languages; only studies of the simultaneous acquisition of two spoken languages a

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Thordardottir, Elin. "The relationship between bilingual exposure and vocabulary development." International Journal of Bilingualism 15, no. 4 (2011): 426–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006911403202.

Full text

Abstract:

The relationship between amount of bilingual exposure and performance in receptive and expressive vocabulary in French and English was examined in 5-year-old Montreal children acquiring French and English simultaneously as well as in monolingual children. The children were equated on age, socio-economic status, nonverbal cognition, and on minority/majority language status (both languages have equal status), but differed in the amount of exposure they had received to each language spanning the continuum of bilingual exposure levels. A strong relationship was found between amount of exposure to

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Degani, Tamar, Hamutal Kreiner, Haya Ataria, and Farha Khateeb. "The impact of brief exposure to the second language on native language production: Global or item specific?" Applied Psycholinguistics 41, no. 1 (2019): 153–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716419000444.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractBilinguals routinely shift between their languages, changing languages between communicative settings. To test the consequences of such changes in language use, 48 Arabic–Hebrew bilinguals named pictures in Arabic (L1) before and after a brief exposure manipulation, including either reading a list of Hebrew (L2) words aloud or performing a nonlinguistic task. Half of the items post-exposure were new and half were translation equivalents of the words presented during the L2 exposure task. Further, half of the items were very low-frequency L1 words, typically replaced by borrowed L2 word

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

KOVELMAN, IOULIA, STEPHANIE A. BAKER, and LAURA-ANN PETITTO. "Age of first bilingual language exposure as a new window into bilingual reading development." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 11, no. 2 (2008): 203–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728908003386.

Full text

Abstract:

How does age of first bilingual language exposure affect reading development in children learning to read in both of their languages? Is there a reading advantage for monolingual English children who are educated in bilingual schools? We studied children (grades 2–3, ages 7–9) in bilingual Spanish–English schools who were either from Spanish-speaking homes (new to English) or English-speaking homes (new to Spanish), as compared with English-speaking children in monolingual English schools. An early age of first bilingual language exposure had a positive effect on reading, phonological awarenes

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Mason, Lisa H., Jordan P. Harp, and Dong Y. Han. "Pb Neurotoxicity: Neuropsychological Effects of Lead Toxicity." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/840547.

Full text

Abstract:

Neurotoxicity is a term used to describe neurophysiological changes caused by exposure to toxic agents. Such exposure can result in neurocognitive symptoms and/or psychiatric disturbances. Common toxic agents include heavy metals, drugs, organophosphates, bacterial, and animal neurotoxins. Among heavy metal exposures, lead exposure is one of the most common exposures that can lead to significant neuropsychological and functional decline in humans. In this review, neurotoxic lead exposure's pathophysiology, etiology, and epidemiology are explored. In addition, commonly associated neuropsycholog

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Sundara, Megha, Nancy Ward, Barbara Conboy, and Patricia K. Kuhl. "Exposure to a second language in infancy alters speech production." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 23, no. 5 (2020): 978–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728919000853.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractWe evaluated the impact of exposure to a second language on infants’ emerging speech production skills. We compared speech produced by three groups of 12-month-old infants while they interacted with interlocutors who spoke to them in Spanish and English: monolingual English-learning infants who had previously received 5 hours of exposure to a second language (Spanish), English- and Spanish-learning simultaneous bilinguals, and monolingual English-learning infants without any exposure to Spanish. Our results showed that the monolingual English-learning infants with short-term exposure t

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

STOEHR, ANTJE, TITIA BENDERS, JANET G. VAN HELL, and PAULA FIKKERT. "Heritage language exposure impacts voice onset time of Dutch–German simultaneous bilingual preschoolers." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 21, no. 3 (2017): 598–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728917000116.

Full text

Abstract:

This study assesses the effects of age and language exposure on VOT production in 29 simultaneous bilingual children aged 3;7 to 5;11 who speak German as a heritage language in the Netherlands. Dutch and German have a binary voicing contrast, but the contrast is implemented with different VOT values in the two languages. The results suggest that bilingual children produce ‘voiced’ plosives similarly in their two languages, and these productions are not monolingual-like in either language. Bidirectional cross-linguistic influence between Dutch and German can explain these results. Yet, the bili

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Cohen, Cathy, Romane Demazel, and Agnès Witko. "Exploring the Interplay of Language Exposure, Language Skills and Language and Cultural Identity Construction in French-English Bilingual Adolescents: A Longitudinal Case Study." Languages 9, no. 7 (2024): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages9070253.

Full text

Abstract:

This study explores dual language acquisition according to three interrelated factors which have been found to account for individual differences in bilingual development. These are child-internal, proximal and distal factors. This five-year longitudinal case study investigates the complex interplay between language exposure, language skills and language and cultural identity construction in three French-English bilingual adolescents (from age 10 to 14), from three different home language backgrounds (French dominant; English dominant; both French and English), attending the same bilingual pro

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

SULLIVAN, MICHELE G. "Valproate Exposure Hits Language Development." Pediatric News 44, no. 2 (2010): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-398x(10)70064-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Byers-Heinlein, Krista, Esther Schott, Ana Maria Gonzalez-Barrero, et al. "MAPLE: A Multilingual Approach to Parent Language Estimates." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 23, no. 5 (2019): 951–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728919000282.

Full text

Abstract:

Bilingual infants vary in when, how, and how often they hear each of their languages. Variables such as the particular languages of exposure, the community context, the onset of exposure, the amount of exposure, and socioeconomic status are crucial for describing any bilingual infant sample. Parent report is an effective approach for gathering data about infants’ language experience. However, its quality is highly dependent on how information is elicited. This paper introduces a Multilingual Approach to Parent Language Estimates (MAPLE). MAPLE promotes best practices for using structured inter

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Nur Fajar, Kristanti Yuntoro Putri, and Irwan Sulistyanto. "Exposure to English: How Significance English Exposure to English Achievement." Education and Human Development Journal 8, no. 3 (2023): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33086/ehdj.v8i3.5289.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this study is to find out the exposure that is able to influence individuals’ on English achievement and to investigate the influence of English exposure on English achievement. The students are given five sets of likert scale type of questionnaire as the instrument of this study. Modification a language exposure questionnaire, the researcher indentifies the activities that exposed students to the target language. The subject of this study is 46 students of 2022 academy class from English Education Department at Kadiri Islamic University. Firstly, the result of study found that

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Brevik, Lisbeth M., and Ulrikke Rindal. "Language Use in the Classroom: Balancing Target Language Exposure With the Need for Other Languages." TESOL Quarterly 54, no. 4 (2020): 925–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tesq.564.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

MacLeod, Andrea AN, Leah Fabiano-Smith, Sarah Boegner-Pagé, and Salomé Fontolliet. "Simultaneous bilingual language acquisition: The role of parental input on receptive vocabulary development." Child Language Teaching and Therapy 29, no. 1 (2012): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265659012466862.

Full text

Abstract:

Parents often turn to educators and healthcare professionals for advice on how to best support their child’s language development. These professionals frequently suggest implementing the ‘one-parent–one-language’ approach to ensure consistent exposure to both languages. The goal of this study was to understand how language exposure influences the receptive vocabulary development of simultaneous bilingual children. To this end, we targeted nine German–French children growing up in bilingual families. Their exposure to each language within and outside the home was measured, as were their recepti

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Awatin, Michael, and Jonelson Escandallo. "The Relationship of Language Exposure and Language Competence among English Major Students: A Convergent Parallel Approach." Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal 27, no. 10 (2024): 1113–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14085176.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to identify the significant relationships between language exposure and language competence among English major students in a local college. Also, this aimed to explore the lived experiences, coping mechanism, and insight of the students related to their language exposure and language competence. This study used mixed method design, utilizing parallel convergent approach. The participants of the study were the mathematics education students from all year levels. For the quantitative part, it involved 214 students from all year levels and for the qualitative part,

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Angwah, Julius, and Emmanuel Tangong. "Cameroon’s Foreign Language Learning Culture and the Paradox of English as an Official Language." Global Academic Journal of Linguistics and Literature 4, no. 5 (2022): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/gajll.2022.v04i05.004.

Full text

Abstract:

Substantial exposure to language is one of the most effectively proven approaches to language learning. In Cameroon, however, even with a fairly considerable exposure to the English Language, foreign language learners still lack very basic communicative competencies in it relative to other foreign languages. In this study, we sought to describe EFL learners’ degree of exposure to different foreign languages in the Francophone system of education vis-à-vis their performances, explore some striking pedagogic differences in the teaching of English and other foreign languages and finally assess th

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

HURTADO, NEREYDA, THERES GRÜTER, VIRGINIA A. MARCHMAN, and ANNE FERNALD. "Relative language exposure, processing efficiency and vocabulary in Spanish–English bilingual toddlers." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 17, no. 1 (2013): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136672891300014x.

Full text

Abstract:

Research with monolingual children has shown that early efficiency in real-time word recognition predicts later language and cognitive outcomes. In parallel research with young bilingual children, processing ability and vocabulary size are closely related within each language, although not across the two languages. For children in dual-language environments, one source of variation in patterns of language learning is differences in the degree to which they are exposed to each of their languages. In a longitudinal study of Spanish/English bilingual children observed at 30 and 36 months, we aske

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Giguere, David, and Erika Hoff. "Home language and societal language skills in second-generation bilingual adults." International Journal of Bilingualism 24, no. 5-6 (2020): 1071–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006920932221.

Full text

Abstract:

Aims: Research aims were (a) to test competing predictions regarding the levels of heritage and societal language proficiency among young adults who experienced early exposure to both languages, and (b) to identify sources of individual differences in degree of bilingualism. Design/methodology/approach: Participants comprised 65 Spanish–English bilinguals who reported using both languages on a weekly basis, 25 native English monolinguals, and 25 native Spanish monolinguals. Language and literacy skills were assessed with a battery of standardized and research-based assessments. Degree of bilin

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Hovsepian, Alice. "Vocabulary growth in Armenian–English bilingual kindergarteners." First Language 38, no. 1 (2017): 47–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142723717715985.

Full text

Abstract:

Four-year-old ( n = 20) and five-year-old ( n = 22) bilingual children were tested twice in six months on Armenian (minority language) and English (majority language) picture identification and picture naming tasks to examine receptive and expressive vocabulary growth in both languages. Parental education, Armenian/English language exposure, and nonverbal cognitive ability were also measured as potential predictors of vocabulary. Children showed growth over time in all four vocabulary tasks. However, less growth was observed in Armenian expressive task than in others, which indicated a prefere

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Meliana, Riska. "Syntax Unraveled : Exploring First Language Acquisition in Children's Linguistic Development." Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya 14, no. 1 (2024): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/lensa.14.1.2024.80-103.

Full text

Abstract:

This study explores syntactic development in first language acquisition in 54-month-old children, focusing on children's linguistic ability to use conjunctions and relative phrases. A multilingual environment may influence syntactic development in these children differently compared to monolingual children. Multilingual children have a wider exposure to various syntactic structures, which allows them more flexibility in understanding and using these structures. Exposure to three languages can enrich the child's vocabulary and improve his/her ability to process linguistic information, which in

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Thompson, Paul, Sophia Ananiadou, Ioannis Basinas, et al. "Supporting the working life exposome: Annotating occupational exposure for enhanced literature search." PLOS ONE 19, no. 8 (2024): e0307844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0307844.

Full text

Abstract:

An individual’s likelihood of developing non-communicable diseases is often influenced by the types, intensities and duration of exposures at work. Job exposure matrices provide exposure estimates associated with different occupations. However, due to their time-consuming expert curation process, job exposure matrices currently cover only a subset of possible workplace exposures and may not be regularly updated. Scientific literature articles describing exposure studies provide important supporting evidence for developing and updating job exposure matrices, since they report on exposures in a

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

UCHIKOSHI, YUUKO. "Development of vocabulary in Spanish-speaking and Cantonese-speaking English language learners." Applied Psycholinguistics 35, no. 1 (2012): 119–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716412000264.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTThis study examines vocabulary growth rates in first and second languages for Spanish-speaking and Cantonese-speaking English language learners from kindergarten through second grade. Growth-modeling results show a within-language effect of concepts about print on vocabulary. Language exposure also had an effect on English vocabulary: earlier English exposure led to larger English vocabulary in kindergarten. There was no interference of early English exposure on native-language vocabulary. Moreover, Cantonese-speaking children had higher English expressive vocabulary scores than Spanis

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Gooskens, Charlotte, and Wilbert Heeringa. "The role of dialect exposure in receptive multilingualism." Applied Linguistics Review 5, no. 1 (2014): 247–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2014-0011.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractPrevious investigations of inter-Scandinavian intelligibility have shown that, in general, Norwegians are better at understanding the closely related languages Danish and Swedish than Danes and Swedes are at understanding Norwegian. This asymmetry is often explained by the strong position that dialects hold in Norway as opposed to in Denmark and Sweden. In Norway, the general public is more exposed to language variation than in Sweden and Denmark. Due to this exposure Norwegians are assumed to have higher language awareness and more possibilities for linguistic transfer than Swedes and

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Bowers, Jeffrey S., Sven L. Mattys, and Suzanne H. Gage. "Preserved Implicit Knowledge of a Forgotten Childhood Language." Psychological Science 20, no. 9 (2009): 1064–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02407.x.

Full text

Abstract:

Previous research suggests that a language learned during early childhood is completely forgotten when contact to that language is severed. In contrast with these findings, we report leftover traces of early language exposure in individuals in their adult years, despite a complete absence of explicit memory for the language. Specifically, native English individuals under age 40 selectively relearned subtle Hindi or Zulu sound contrasts that they once knew. However, individuals over 40 failed to show any relearning, and young control participants with no previous exposure to Hindi or Zulu showe

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Wagovich, Stacy A., and Marilyn Newhoff. "The Single Exposure." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 13, no. 4 (2004): 316–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2004/032).

Full text

Abstract:

A critical aspect of the assessment of children's word learning processes is the examination of word knowledge growth over time. The purpose of this study was to examine the types of partial word knowledge (PWK) growth that occurred from 1 exposure to unfamiliar words in text, taking into account the roles of part of speech and individual language skills. Sixth-grade children with normal language read stories containing unfamiliar nouns and verbs. The children then completed 2 tasks to assess PWK. Results were that at least 1 type of PWK developed: knowledge that a word exists as a lexical ent

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Altaweel, Reema S., and Haroon N. Alsager. "Acquisition of EFL During the Critical Period and Its Impact on L1 Arabic." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 14, no. 9 (2024): 2802–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1409.16.

Full text

Abstract:

Language development in children occurs without the explicit teaching of their rules, prompting parents to introduce languages in addition to their native language This study examines whether extensive exposure to English as a foreign language (EFL) detrimentally impacts children’s syntactic proficiency in their primary language (L1). The study involves Saudi Arabian children attending international schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from grades one to six, who were learning English as a foreign language. An elicited imitation task containing sentences demonstrating syntactic functions was used.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Fitriati, Anna, Diksita Galuh Nirwinastu, and Haniel Arbert Tantio. "Exploring Teenager’s Language Attitudes towards Javanese Language." Journal of Language and Literature 25, no. 1 (2025): 263–73. https://doi.org/10.24071/joll.v25i1.10539.

Full text

Abstract:

Language attitudes significantly influence language vitality and revitalization, shaping users' language choices. In Indonesia, indigenous languages, including Javanese, are declining in use, particularly among younger generations who prefer Indonesian for daily communication. Family language policies, where parents prioritize Indonesian over indigenous languages, contribute to this trend. This study investigates teenagers’ language attitudes towards Javanese, aiming to inform strategies for preserving the language. Using a mixed-method sociolinguistic approach, the researchers collected data

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Buac, Milijana, Megan Gross, and Margarita Kaushanskaya. "The Role of Primary Caregiver Vocabulary Knowledge in the Development of Bilingual Children's Vocabulary Skills." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 57, no. 5 (2014): 1804–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2014_jslhr-l-13-0055.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose The present study examined the impact of environmental factors (socioeconomic status [SES], the percent of language exposure to English and to Spanish, and primary caregivers' vocabulary knowledge) on bilingual children's vocabulary skills. Method Vocabulary skills were measured in 58 bilingual children between the ages of 5 and 7 who spoke Spanish as their native language and English as their second language. Data related to language environment in the home, specifically, the percent of language exposure to each language and SES, were obtained from primary caregiver interviews. Primar

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Brandeker, Myrto, and Elin Thordardottir. "Language Exposure in Bilingual Toddlers: Performance on Nonword Repetition and Lexical Tasks." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 24, no. 2 (2015): 126–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_ajslp-13-0106.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose The amount of language exposure is correlated with bilingual lexical development, but findings are mixed on how exposure relates to nonword repetition (NWR), a complex skill involving both short-term processing and long-term vocabulary knowledge. We extend previous work to a younger age group by investigating the role of exposure on NWR versus vocabulary, along with the effect of item construction and scoring. Method Sixty typically developing children (ages 2;5–3;6[years;months]) were assessed for NWR and receptive and expressive vocabulary. Participants ranged in amount of previous e

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Mayberry, Rachel I., Elizabeth Lock, and Hena Kazmi. "Linguistic ability and early language exposure." Nature 417, no. 6884 (2002): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/417038a.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Mentis, Michelle. "In UteroCocaine Exposure and Language Development." Seminars in Speech and Language 19, no. 02 (1998): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1064042.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Greene, Tom, Claire B. Emhart, Sue Martier, Robert Sokol, and Joel Ager. "Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Language Development." Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 14, no. 6 (1990): 937–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.1990.tb01842.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Szoke, Daniel, Caroline Cummings, and Lorraine T. Benuto. "Exposure in an Increasingly Bilingual World: Native Language Exposure Therapy With a Non-Language Matched Therapist." Clinical Case Studies 19, no. 1 (2019): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534650119886349.

Full text

Abstract:

Language is an essential part of psychotherapy and experts in cultural competence encourage the consideration of language as an element in cultural adaptation to therapy. Providing clients with services in their native language is associated with lower dropout and better outcomes. Therapies such as prolonged exposure therapy (PET) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) require clients to recount trauma memories to activate and correct overreactive fear networks in the brain. Research shows that the most genuine and detailed recall of these autobiographical memories occurs when people recolle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Thordardottir, Elin. "Amount trumps timing in bilingual vocabulary acquisition: Effects of input in simultaneous and sequential school-age bilinguals." International Journal of Bilingualism 23, no. 1 (2017): 236–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006917722418.

Full text

Abstract:

Objectives: This study examined the extent to which the language performance of school-age bilingual children is impacted by the amount of language exposure they have received in each language versus the timing of this exposure in terms of the age of first exposure (AoE). Methods: Receptive and expressive vocabulary and word morphology measures were administered in both languages to school-age simultaneous and sequential learners of French (other language English), and to their monolingual counterparts. Data and analysis: The study included 64 children in first grade and 68 children in third g

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Sujana, Ricky, Ade Kusmana, and Eko Kuntarto. "PERANAN GAMBAR SEBAGAI PAJANAN BAHASA DALAM MEMPERCEPAT PEMEROLEHAN BAHASA ANAK." Jurnal Komposisi 5, no. 2 (2023): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.53712/jk.v5i2.1773.

Full text

Abstract:

Language is the main means of communication in human life in this world. Language is one of the most important joints in everyone's life. Language can also be learned in certain ways. The learning process can be done by educators through the use of instructional media, one of which is picture media. The role of pictures as a language exposure is a type of language that is not the mother tongue for speakers, but is often used in the environment of the speaker as a medium of continued communication. The purpose of writing this article is to find out the role of images as exposure to language in

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Goksan, Sezgi, Froso Argyri, Jonathan D. Clayden, Frederique Liegeois, and Li Wei. "Early childhood bilingualism: effects on brain structure and function." F1000Research 9 (May 15, 2020): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.23216.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Growing up in a bilingual environment is becoming increasingly common. Yet, we know little about how this enriched language environment influences the connectivity of children’s brains. Behavioural research in children and adults has shown that bilingualism experience may boost executive control (EC) skills, such as inhibitory control and attention. Moreover, increased structural and functional (resting-state) connectivity in language-related and EC-related brain networks is associated with increased executive control in bilingual adults. However, how bilingualism factors alter brain connectiv

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Goksan, Sezgi, Froso Argyri, Jonathan D. Clayden, Frederique Liegeois, and Li Wei. "Early childhood bilingualism: effects on brain structure and function." F1000Research 9 (November 4, 2020): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.23216.2.

Full text

Abstract:

Growing up in a bilingual environment is becoming increasingly common. Yet, we know little about how this enriched language environment influences the connectivity of children’s brains. Behavioural research in children and adults has shown that bilingualism experience may boost executive control (EC) skills, such as inhibitory control and attention. Moreover, increased structural and functional (resting-state) connectivity in language-related and EC-related brain networks is associated with increased executive control in bilingual adults. However, how bilingualism factors alter brain connectiv

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

MACWHINNEY, BRIAN. "Exposure is not enough." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 20, no. 1 (2016): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728916000328.

Full text

Abstract:

Child language researchers have often assumed that progress in first language learning depends heavily on language exposure. For example, Hart and Risley (1995) compared children in middle class families with children in lower class families. Based on recordings made across several years in the home, they estimated that by the time the children from lower SES families entered first grade they had heard 30 million fewer words than the middle class children. Researchers and educators have argued that this ‘30 million word gap’ is a primary cause for academic failure of lower SES children in the

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Cychosz, Margaret. "Language exposure predicts children’s phonetic patterning: Evidence from language shift." Language 98, no. 3 (2022): 461–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.0.0269.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Jhun, Fadzner. "Language Skills and Exposure to English Language Among Bachelor of Arts in English Language Studies Students at Mindanao State University- Sulu." Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal 20, no. 5 (2024): 526–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11444747.

Full text

Abstract:

The language proficiency and exposure to the English language among Mindanao State University-Sulu students pursuing a Bachelor of Arts in English Language Studies (BA ELS) are the subjects of this descriptive study. It covers the age, gender, and year level demographic profiles of the respondents, as well as the level of language proficiency and exposure to English among MSU-Sulu's BA ELS students. Additionally, it addresses the noteworthy variations in language proficiency and exposure to English language among MSU-Sulu's BA ELS students when data are organized based on their age, gender, an

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Gooskens, Charlotte, and Vincent J. van Heuven. "How well can intelligibility of closely related languages in Europe be predicted by linguistic and non-linguistic variables?" Mental representations in receptive multilingualism 10, no. 3 (2019): 351–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.17084.goo.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract We measured mutual intelligibility of 16 closely related spoken languages in Europe. Intelligibility was determined for all 70 language combinations using the same uniform methodology (a cloze test). We analysed the results of 1833 listeners representing the mutual intelligibility between young, educated Europeans from the same 16 countries. Lexical, phonological, orthographic, morphological and syntactic distances were computed as linguistic variables. We also quantified non-linguistic variables (e.g. exposure, attitudes towards the test languages). Using stepwise regression analysis

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Parasar, Krutika, James L. Morgan, and Lori Rolfe. "The Relationship between Alternate Language Exposure and English Comprehension in Infants." Journal of Student Research 1, no. 2 (2012): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.47611/jsr.v1i2.84.

Full text

Abstract:

Most language acquisition research to date focuses on monolingual infants. In American society there is a burgeoning population of bilingual families where infants must learn the nuances of two languages simultaneously. To extend understanding of language development to this population, research specific to bilingual infants is needed. This study investigates 19-20 month old infants’ abilities to understand English when exposed to varying levels of alternate languages, including Hebrew, Hindi, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Punjabi, Serbo-Croatian, Spanish, and Urdu. Participants inclu

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Zhang, Ming, and ROSALIE D. MERIALES. "The Influence of English Language Exposure on Language Attitudes and Identity among Chinese Youth." International Journal of Education and Humanities 16, no. 2 (2024): 409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/e32frd22.

Full text

Abstract:

This research aims to examine the influence of exposure to the English language on the linguistic attitudes and identity of Chinese students. The analysis examines the characteristics of respondents according to their gender, academic program, and socio-economic background. It evaluates their level of English exposure via formal education, media consumption, digital communication, literature, social interactions, travel experiences, self-study, and familial influences. Although English exposure is typically considered reasonably beneficial, the research reveals significant disparities dependin

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Fata, Ika Apriani, and Nyak Mutia. "“Watching English Movie Helps Me!”: Language Exposure and Metacognitive Awareness on TOEFL." Lingua Cultura 11, no. 1 (2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/lc.v11i1.1624.

Full text

Abstract:

This research was conducted to investigate the correlation between metacognitive and language exposure to TOEFL of reading section. The framework of metacognitive was promoted by Veenman et al. and the model of language exposure was promoted by Magno et al. (2009). This research implemented a descriptive qualitative study. The questionnaire and rubricof metacognitive were applied as research instruments respectively. Furthermore, ten freshmen at Syiah Kuala University from various majors considered as strategic readers whose TOEFL score ranges of 400 above. It is prominently revealed that lang

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Bello, Arianna, Paola Ferraresi, Maria Cristina Caselli, and Paola Perucchini. "The Predictive Role of Quantity and Quality Language-Exposure Measures for L1 and L2 Vocabulary Production among Immigrant Preschoolers in Italy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (2023): 1966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031966.

Full text

Abstract:

In this study, we investigated the lexical ability in L1 and L2 of 60 immigrant children who were 37 to 62 months old and exposed to minority languages (L1) and Italian (L2). Using the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories, we measured children’s vocabulary production in L1 and L2. From interviews, we collected data on quantitative language exposure (parental input, child output, length of exposure to L2 at preschool, and parental oral fluency) and qualitative home-language exposure (HLE) practices (active, play, and passive) in L1 and L2. We conducted stepwise regression analy

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

O'Hanlon, Fiona, and Lindsay Paterson. "Seeing is believing? Public exposure to Gaelic and language attitudes." Scottish Affairs 28, no. 1 (2019): 74–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/scot.2019.0266.

Full text

Abstract:

In language planning for minority languages, policy often aims to positively influence attitudes towards the language by increasing its salience in key areas of public life such as broadcasting and signage. This is true for Gaelic in Scotland, where recent national initiatives have included the establishing of a Gaelic language television channel in 2008, and the launch, in the same year, of a bilingual brand identity for ScotRail (Rèile na h-Alba), resulting in Gaelic-English signage at railway stations across Scotland. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence on the effects of such an

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

MATUSEVYCH, YEVGEN, AFRA ALISHAHI, and AD BACKUS. "The impact of first and second language exposure on learning second language constructions." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 20, no. 1 (2015): 128–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728915000607.

Full text

Abstract:

We study how the learning of argument structure constructions in a second language (L2) is affected by two basic input properties often discussed in literature – the amount of input and the time of L2 onset. To isolate the impact of the two factors on learning, we use a computational model that simulates bilingual construction learning. In the first two experiments we manipulate the sheer amount of L2 exposure, both in absolute and in relative terms (that is, in relation to the amount of L1 exposure). The results show that higher cumulative amount of L2 exposure leads to higher performance. In

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Jahrani, Ahmad, and Rina Listia. "The Impact of Exposure on Second Language Acquisition." IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature 11, no. 1 (2023): 416–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24256/ideas.v11i1.3581.

Full text

Abstract:

Exposure to English is something that learners experience in their daily lives. When they are doing their everyday activities, they will encounter English words. When they watch television, listen to a song, play games, or scroll through social media, they are exposed to English and this exposure can affect their second language acquisition. Many research articles have been published on the relationship between exposure and second language acquisition. However, there is no consensus on the effect exposure has on second language acquisition. By reviewing available research publications, this st

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Öberg, Linnéa, and Ute Bohnacker. "Non-Word Repetition and Vocabulary in Arabic-Swedish-Speaking 4–7-Year-Olds with and without Developmental Language Disorder." Languages 7, no. 3 (2022): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7030204.

Full text

Abstract:

The Arabic-speaking community in Sweden is large and diverse, yet linguistic reference data are lacking for Arabic-Swedish-speaking children. This study presents reference data from 99 TD children aged 4;0–7;11 on receptive and expressive vocabulary in the minority and the majority language, as well as for three types of non-word repetition (NWR) tasks. Vocabulary scores were investigated in relation to age, language exposure, and socio-economic status (SES). NWR performance was explored in relation to age, type of task, item properties, language exposure, and vocabulary. Eleven children with

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Wolanin, Agata. "In the webs of the Internet: Generation Z and their informal exposure to English." Neofilolog, no. 64/2 (July 2, 2025): 325–45. https://doi.org/10.14746/n.2025.64.2.7.

Full text

Abstract:

Generation Z, a cohort born into the digital age, benefits from unprecedented access to informal English exposure, facilitating implicit language learning and development. However, research on the extramural English (EE) habits of proficient EFL learners in the Polish context remains limited. To address this gap, this study explored the frequency and nature of EE exposure, the types of input learners engage with, and their self-perceived language competence in the context of the informal learning environment. The study involved 120 participants who completed a questionnaire and a vocabulary si

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!