Relevant bibliographies by topics / Eye lens

Academic literature on the topic 'Eye lens'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "Eye lens":

1

Hoehenwarter, W., J. Klose, and P. R. Jungblut. "Eye lens proteomics." Amino Acids 30, no. 4 (April 4, 2006): 369–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00726-005-0283-9.

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Hoehenwarter, W., J. Klose, and Peter R. Jungblut. "Eye lens proteomics." Amino Acids 37, no. 2 (March 24, 2009): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00726-009-0270-7.

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Asbell, Penny A. "Eye & Contact Lens." Eye & Contact Lens: Science & Clinical Practice 40, no. 1 (January 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/icl.0000000000000013.

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BEHRENS, R. "Monitoring the eye lens." Acta Ophthalmologica 89, s248 (September 2011): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.2011.2163.x.

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Quinlan, R. A., A. Sandilands, J. E. Procter, A. R. Prescott, A. M. Hutcheson, R. Dahm, C. Gribbon, P. Wallace, and J. M. Carter. "The eye lens cytoskeleton." Eye 13, no. 3 (May 1999): 409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/eye.1999.115.

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Shibata, Shinsuke, Naoko Shibata, Satoshi Ohtsuka, Yasuo Yoshitomi, Etsuko Kiyokawa, Hideto Yonekura, Dhirendra P. Singh, Hiroshi Sasaki, and Eri Kubo. "Role of Decorin in Posterior Capsule Opacification and Eye Lens Development." Cells 10, no. 4 (April 9, 2021): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10040863.

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Decorin (DCN) is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lens epithelial cells (LECs) has been proposed as a major cause for the development of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after cataract surgery. We investigated the plausible target gene(s) that suppress PCO. The expression of Dcn was significantly upregulated in rat PCO tissues compared to that observed in the control using a microarray-based approach. LECs treated with fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2 displayed an enhanced level of DCN expression, while LECs treated with transforming growth factor (TGF)β-2 showed a decrease in DCN expression. The expression of tropomyosin 1 (Tpm1), a marker of lens EMT increased after the addition of TGFβ-2 in human LEC; however, upregulation of Tpm1 mRNA or protein expression was reduced in human LECs overexpressing human DCN (hDCN). No phenotypic changes were observed in the lenses of 8- and 48-week-old transgenic mice for lens-specific hDCN (hDCN-Tg). Injury-induced EMT of the mouse lens, and the expression patterns of α smooth muscle actin, were attenuated in hDCN-Tg mice lenses. Overexpression of DCN inhibited the TGFβ-2-induced upregulation of Tpm1 and EMT observed during wound healing of the lens, but it did not affect mouse lens morphology until 48 weeks of age. Our findings demonstrate that DCN plays a significant role in regulating EMT formation of LECs and PCO, and suggest that for therapeutic intervention, maintenance of physiological expression of DCN is essential to attenuate EMT progression and PCO formation.
7

Desinta, Rosa, Risalatul Latifah, Rio Imam Santoso, and Bunawas Bunawas. "PEMANTAUAN DOSIS LENSA MATA HP(3) STAF CATHLAB MENGGUNAKAN SOCA DOSIMETER." Prosiding Seminar Si-INTAN 2, no. 1 (July 13, 2022): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.53862/ssi.v2.072022.011.

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MONITORING OF EYE LENS DOSE HP(3) CATHLAB STAFF USING SOCA DOSIMETER. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) reduced the cataract threshold dose from 2‒5 Gy to 0.5 Gy, followed by a decrease in the dose limit value (NBD) of the radiation worker's eye lens to 20 mSv/year. Cathlab staff is one of the workers vulnerable to receiving high doses of eye lenses because they work near radiation sources, so staff's eye lens doses need to be monitored. Monitoring is carried out to analyze the dose of eye lenses received by workers and ensure workers are well protected. Eye lens measurement is carried out at Hp(3) or a depth of 3 mm because the lens is sensitive to radiation. Monitoring was carried out for one week on 14 staff (doctors, nurses, and radiographers) and four procedures with an eyepiece dosimeter (SOCA Dosimeter). The eye lens dose obtained for a week ranged from 0.108 – 1.642 mSv, and monitoring per procedure was 0.033 – 0.393 mSv. The annual dose received by workers is based on estimates mostly exceeding the NBD, so tracking with an eye lens dosimeter needs to be done, and eye protection equipment needs to be used to reduce the eye lens dose received. Keywords: Cathlab staff, eye lens dose Hp(3), SOCA dosimeter
8

Francis, Peter J., and Anthony T. Moore. "The lens." Eye 13, no. 3 (May 1999): 393–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/eye.1999.112.

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McAvoy, J. W., C. G. Chamberlain, R. U. de Longh, A. M. Hales, and F. J. Lovicu. "Lens development." Eye 13, no. 3 (May 1999): 425–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/eye.1999.117.

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Li, Jiehui, and Qian Zhang. "Design and Simulation of Compound Eye Lens for Visible Light Communication and Illumination." Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2020 (December 14, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6698074.

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We proposed a scheme for designing an optical launch system that can make the light intensity more uniform on the receiving plane via a compound eye lens combined with a sunflower plano-convex lens. The simulation results demonstrate that the light converges on the optical axis after passing through the sunflower-shaped plano-convex lens array and compound eye lens. The divergence angle and central light intensity of the receiving plane are, respectively, 26.57° and 80.50% of the total emitted light power for the array structure of the compact compound eye plano-convex lens, while those are 21.80° and 62.50% for the discrete compound eye lens. From the above results, it can be seen that the compact compound eye lens is more conducive to the uniform distribution of light intensity on the receiving plane compared with the discrete compound eye lens, taking into account the dual application of illumination and communication.
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Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Eye lens":

1

Bateman, Orval. "The characterisation of eye lens crystallins." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301285.

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Keenan, Jonathan. "Crystallin distribution patterns in the eye lens." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.554261.

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The lens is an ideal tissue to study growth and ageing since it continually grows throughout life accumulating cells with no protein turnover. The lenticular structural proteins, the crystallins, are distributed in layers that follow a chronological pattern. In this thesis, crystallin distribution patterns were investigated in concentric fractions of eye lenses from nine species. Clear lenses were used in order to examine changes occurring with development and ageing without the confounding factor of cataract. For the majority of species studied this was the first study to investigate and identify lens crystallin distributions. Lens proteins were separated using a fractionation technique following the lenticular growth mode. Individual crystallin subunits were further isolated and identified by size-exclusion chromatography, electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Proportions of HMW, MMW and LMW proteins across each lens were determined by Bradford Assay. a, ~ and y-crystallin subunits were identified in each lens studied with comparable distribution patterns in phylogenetically similar species. a-crystallin proportions decreased from lens periphery to centre in all species and was not detected in the centre of amphibian and fish lenses. y-crystallins represented the most prominent soluble proteins in the lens centre with largest increases from the lens periphery seen in amphibian and fish, corresponding to their high refractive indices. Insoluble protein proportions increased towards the lens centre in all species. Taxon-specific crystallins were not identified in any species studied. Protein distribution patterns affect the optics of the lens; this structure/function relationship is important in understanding lens transparency. Protein distribution patterns in transparent lenses from in this thesis will assist understanding of changes in lenticular biochemistry taking place when transparency is compromised by cataract formation. Results from this thesis will also aid determination of phylogenetic relationships among species studied.
3

Hott, John Lester. "Photochemical alterations of ocular lens proteins." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30087.

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Tomlinson, Julie. "Calcium in relation to lens physiology and pathology." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292537.

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Chen, Wen-Lung. "Raman spectroscopic/imaging studies of eye lenses and lens proteins." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30431.

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Wilson, Cynthia Nicole. "A Fully Customizable Anatomically Correct Model of the Crystalline Lens." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20130.

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The human eye is a complex optical system comprised of many components. The crystalline lens, an optical component with a gradient index (GRIN), is perhaps the least understood as it is situated inside the eye and as a result is difficult to characterize. Its complex nonlinear structure is not easily measured and consequently not easily modeled. Presently several models of the GRIN structure exist describing the average performance of crystalline lenses. These models, however, do not accurately describe the performance of crystalline lenses on an individual basis and a more accurate individual eye model based on anatomical parameters is needed. This thesis proposes an anatomically correct, individually customizable crystalline lens model. This is an important tool and is needed both for research on the optical properties of human eyes and to diagnose and plan the treatment of optically based visual problems, such as refractive surgery planning. The lens model consisted of an interior GRIN with a constant refractive index core. The anterior and posterior surface was described by conic sections. To realize this eye model, the optical and biometric properties of mammalian lenses were measured and the correlation relationships between these measurements were used to simplify the model down to one fitting parameter which controls the shape of the GRIN. Using this data, an anatomically correct individualizable model of the lens was successfully realized with varying parameters unique to each lens. Using this customizable lens model, customizable human eye models based on measurements of the entire human eye can be realized.
7

MacDonald, James Tomomi. "The unfolding and stability of eye lens crystallins." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427680.

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Chandler, Heather Lynn. "Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the anterior segment of the eye." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1154533588.

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Walker, Heather Mhairi. "Investigating the role of the lens in the growth and development of the vertebrate eye." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=225773.

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The eye forms through complex tissue interactions, and it still only partly understood. The developing vertebrate lens however, is crucial for coordinating eye development and eye growth, through releasing signals to surrounding eye structures. It is thought that the lens controls the growth of the eye through the production of the vitreous- the jelly-like substance that fills the main cavity of the eye and maintains the eye in its correct shape. Many components of the vitreous are produced by a region of the peripheral retina known as the ciliary body, and so it is believed that the lens controls eye growth through controlling the development of the ciliary body and thus, indirectly, the vitreous. This project addresses this concept. I have identified a previously unknown functional link between the lens and Vitamin A metabolism. The lens is important for maintaining retinoic acid production within the developing chick eye through controlling the expression of RDH10 in the presumptive ciliary body. RDH10 is important for the first step in retinoic acid synthesis, the conversion of Vitamin A into retinal, which is then converted into retinoic acid. The loss of RDH10 within the presumptive ciliary body is associated with a reduction in expression of other genes known to be involved in ciliary body development, BMP7, WNT2B and OTX1 along with a reduction in the growth of the eye. The reduction in retinoic acid production within the eye as a result of lens removal, in turn affects the synthesis of Collagen IX from the ciliary body, a major component of the vitreous. The data suggests that the lens controls retinoic acid production within the eye, through maintaining gene expression in the developing ciliary body. Retinoic acid signalling controls the synthesis of components of the vitreous, such as Collagen IX. The proper accumulation of the vitreous within the eye is crucial for the correct growth of the chick eye.
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Sparrow, John Martin. "The lens in diabetes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238162.

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Books on the topic "Eye lens":

1

Efron, Nathan. Contact lens complications. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1999.

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2

Larke, J. R. The eye in contact lens wear. 2nd ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997.

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Larke, J. R. The eye in contact lens wear. 2nd ed. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1996.

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Larke, J. R. The eye in contact lens wear. London: Butterworths, 1985.

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5

Saika, Shizuya, Liliana Werner, and Frank J. Lovicu. Lens epithelium and posterior capsular opacification. Tokyo: Springer, 2014.

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Mercado, Gustavo. The Filmmaker's Eye: The Language of the Lens. London; New York: Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429446894.

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Lowther, Gerald Eugene. Dryness, tears, and contact lens wear. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997.

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Shammas, H. John. Intraocular lens power calculations. Thorofare, NJ: SLACK, 2004.

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9

B, Percival S. P., ed. A Colour atlas of lens implantation. London: Wolfe, 1991.

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10

Tranoudis, Ioannis. Relationship between soft contact lens material properties and in-eye performance. Manchester: UMIST, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Eye lens":

1

Cameron, J. Douglas, and Dejan M. Rašić. "The Crystalline Lens." In Eye Pathology, 173–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43382-9_5.

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2

Naumann, G. O. H. "Lens." In Pathology of the Eye, 509–55. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8525-7_9.

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3

Berman, Elaine R. "Lens." In Biochemistry of the Eye, 201–90. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9441-0_5.

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Eisner, Georg. "Operations on the Lens." In Eye Surgery, 221–306. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71799-4_10.

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Davson, Hugh. "The Lens." In Physiology of the Eye, 139–201. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09997-9_4.

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Render, James A., and William W. Carlton. "Induced Cataracts, Lens, Rat." In Eye and Ear, 63–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76640-4_13.

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AlRyalat, Saif Aldeen Saleh. "Basics of Lens for Ophthalmology Board Exams." In Eye Yield, 91–101. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2968-6_11.

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Truscott, Roger John Willis. "Eye Lens Proteins and Cataracts." In Protein Misfolding, Aggregation, and Conformational Diseases, 435–47. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36534-3_21.

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Glaeser, Georg, and Hannes F. Paulus. "Lens eyes or compound eyes?" In The Evolution of the Eye, 17–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17476-1_2.

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Mercado, Gustavo. "the lens revolution." In The Filmmaker's Eye: The Language of the Lens, xii—5. London; New York: Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429446894-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Eye lens":

1

Shang, Shizhe. "Optical Compound Eye Lens." In 33rd Annual Techincal Symposium, edited by Robert E. Fischer, Harvey M. Pollicove, and Warren J. Smith. SPIE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.963004.

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Massin, Loyc, Cyril Lahuec, Vincent Nourrit, Fabrice Seguin, and Jean-Louis de Bougrenet. "Towards accurate camera-less eye tracker using instrumented contact lens." In 2019 17th IEEE International New Circuits and Systems Conference (NEWCAS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/newcas44328.2019.8961304.

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Paeglis, Roberts, Maris Ozolinsh, Peteris Cikmacs, and Stefan Andersson-Engels. "Eye model with controllable lens scattering." In European Conference on Biomedical Optics, edited by Albert-Claude Boccara and Alexander A. Oraevsky. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.446685.

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Wang, Xiaofeng, Weijia Feng, Qingjie Liu, Baofeng Zhang, and Zuoliang Cao. "Calibration Research on Fish-eye lens." In 2010 International Conference on Information and Automation (ICIA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icinfa.2010.5512175.

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Yamaji, Masamura, and Toru Nagaoka. "185-deg. ultrawide fish eye lens." In SYBEN-Broadband European Networks and Electronic Image Capture and Publishing, edited by Thierry M. Bernard. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.324007.

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Wu, Yun, Aimei Liu, Hao Lv, Xunong Yi, Qianguang Li, Xinmin Wang, Yaoming Ding, and Jufang Tong. "Finite Schematic Eye Model with Maxwell Fish-Eye Spherical Lens." In 2010 Symposium on Photonics and Optoelectronics (SOPO 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sopo.2010.5504105.

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Chen, Yung-Hsiang, Chun-Li Chang, Chi-Hung Hwang, and Wei-Chung Wang. "Omnidirectional image of fish-eye lens for contact lens inspection system." In 2013 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2013.6555594.

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Chen, Huanyang. "Maxwell's fish-eye lens and its applications." In Plasmonics V, edited by Zheyu Fang and Takuo Tanaka. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2575182.

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Larionova, Nadezhda L., Irina L. Maksimova, and Vyacheslav I. Kochubey. "Laser light scattering in eye lens model." In EOS/SPIE European Biomedical Optics Week, edited by Valery V. Tuchin. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.405937.

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Hall, E. L., and Z. L. Cao. "Omnidirectional Viewing Using A Fish Eye Lens." In Cambridge Symposium_Intelligent Robotics Systems, edited by Donald J. Svetkoff. SPIE, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.937846.

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Reports on the topic "Eye lens":

1

Mallett, Michael Wesley. Lens of Eye Dosimetry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1209275.

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Kollaard, R. P., D. Valk, M. Damen, B. Goessens, T. W. M. Grimbergen, K. R. Henken, J. P. C. Hoornstra, et al. NCS Report 31: Guidelines for Radiation Protection and Dosimetry of the Eye Lens. Delft: NCS, May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25030/ncs-031.

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Zhang, Yingrong, Sanchun Tan, Jieyu Wang, Yanji Zhang, Mengyuan Huang, Hongjie Xia, Yaxin Hu, Yinyue Rao, and Zhongyu Zhou. A scoping review protocol of systematic reviews and meta-analyses to acupuncture for the treatment of peripheral facial paralysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0084.

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Review question / Objective: To conduct a systematic comprehensive review for Acupuncture treatment of peripheral facial paralysis and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture therapy for peripheral facial paralysis. Condition being studied: Peripheral facial paralysis, known as peripheral facial never palsy, includes Bell’s palsy and Ramsay Hunt syndrome.Any medical conditions such as infection, malignancy and autoimmune issues can result it. Idiopathic Bell's palsy is the most common disease causing peripheral facial nerve palsy, which clinical features include unilateral weakness of the facial nerve, hyperacusis, dysgeusia, dry eye or uncontrollable tears, but the etiology of it is unclear. Ramsay Hunt syndrome, less common than Bell’s palsy, is often caused by herpes zoster virus, which clinical features are unilateral weakness of face with ear herpes, tinnitus and dizziness. Facial paralysis patients with ear herpes can be diagnosed with Ramsay Hunt syndrome. Peripheral facial paralysis not only result the dyskinesia of facial muscles but also affect the quality of patient’s life.There are lot of evidence shows that Acupuncture can be used in any period and any kind of peripheral facial paralysis.However, we still lack systematic reviews to assess the efficacy and safety of acupuncture therapy. As a result, we conduct a scoping review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses to address this gap.
4

Nin Pratt, Alejandro, and Héctor Valdés Conroy. After the Boom: Agriculture in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002955.

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The convergence of a favorable macroeconomic environment and high prices of primary commodities between 2000 and 2011 contributed to the best performance of agriculture in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) since the 1980s, with steady growth of total factor productivity (TFP) and output per worker and a reduction in the use of input per worker. The end of the upward phase of the commodity cycle in 2011 together with less favorable external markets and a deterioration of the policy environment in several countries, motivates us to revisit the situation of agriculture in LAC in recent years to analyze how these changes have affected its performance. This study applies a framework that uses index numbers together with data envelopment analysis (DEA) to estimate levels of productivity and efficiency, incorporating technical change together with technical (TE) and environmental efficiency (EE) into the decomposition of TFP. The EE index adjusts the TFP measure for pollution, treating GHG emissions as a by-product of the desired crop or livestock outputs. TFP and efficiency of crop and livestock sub-sectors was calculated for 24 LAC countries from 2000 to 2016. Our results show that the period of fast agricultural growth in LAC, driven by technical change and resource reallocation, transformed agriculture in the region leaving it in a better position to cope with the more unfavorable regional macroeconomic environment and the less dynamic global markets observed after 2011.
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Rincón Ramírez, Angie Katherine, and Edward Giussepe Fandiño Herreño. Formación en estrategias de intervención psicosocial de educadores del modelo educativo flexible PACES en el programa de Alfabetización “Yo sí Puedo Cambiar la Historia”. Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/gcgp.55.

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El programa de Psicología de la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, sede Villavicencio, se destaca por su participación en diversos proyectos y programas con enfoque psicosocial a través de los cuales promueve los atributos de proyecto educativo institucional (PEI). En este sentido, para el 2022, participa de manera activa en el programa de alfabetización “Yo sí Puedo Cambiar la Historia" con el objetivo de alfabetizar a 1500 personas en el municipio de Villavicencio. Desde el área de la psicología social, se busca realizar un programa de formación para educadores teniendo como base los principios y las estrategias de intervención psicosocial con la finalidad de transformar entornos sociales, fomentando el fortalecimiento del ser político, social y cultural. Lo anterior se lleva a cabo a través de seis encuentros en los que los educadores y profesionales en formación realizan ejercicios de participación ciudadana, basados en las travesías que están contempladas en el Manual de Implementación del Modelo Educativo Flexible PACES. Esto les permite generar conocimiento a través de las experiencias y la cotidianidad, así como los orienta a reconstruir el tejido social en los puntos formativos de alfabetización dispuestos en ese municipio.
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Gootwine, Elisha, David Thomas, Ruth Braw-Tal, Amir Bor, and P. J. Dziuk. Improvement of Prolificacy of Israeli and U.S. Sheep Breeds through Inclusion of the F Gene of the Booroola Merino-Stage II. United States Department of Agriculture, May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604931.bard.

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The purposes of this project were: 1) to introduce the FecB gene to the Awassi and Assaf breeds in Israel and the Rambouillet breed in the U.S.A. aiming in the long run to establish Awassi, Assaf and Rambouillet nucclei breeding flocks homozygous for the F gene in which the contribution of the Booroola Merino genetic background will be less than 10%; (In the U.S., Booroola crosses with Suffolk and Targhee were also studied. 2) to evaluate the effect of the FecB gene and different proportions of Booroola Merino genetic background on lamb survival, growth, milk production and wool production in Booroola crosses with the native breeds; 3) to reveal the specific effect of the FecB gene on ovarian development, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and inhibin secretion in prepubertal ewe lambs and in adult ewes in order to define physiological criteria for distinguishing carriers of the FecB allele from non-carriers and 4) to identify genetic markers linked to the FecB gene to assist in selection of genotypes within the Booroola crosses. Introgression of the Booroola gene reached the stage of the third backcross in the Awassi, Assaf and the Rambouillet crosses. In all cases the Booroola crosses were superior in prolificacy. However, they were inferior in comparison to the local breeds in production due to Booroola Merino genes other than the FecB. It is expected that the beneficial economic contribution of the Booroola gene will increase along with the upgrading to the local breeds. FSH plasma levels and induced ovulation rate of 5 month old FecB carriers among the crossbreeds. The OarAE101 marker can assist in detecting FecB carriers among Booroola-Awassi crosses. However, this marker is informative only in some of the families.
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Halker Singh, Rashmi B., Juliana H. VanderPluym, Allison S. Morrow, Meritxell Urtecho, Tarek Nayfeh, Victor D. Torres Roldan, Magdoleen H. Farah, et al. Acute Treatments for Episodic Migraine. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer239.

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Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness and comparative effectiveness of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies for the acute treatment of episodic migraine in adults. Data sources. MEDLINE®, Embase®, Cochrane Central Registrar of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PsycINFO®, Scopus, and various grey literature sources from database inception to July 24, 2020. Comparative effectiveness evidence about triptans and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was extracted from existing systematic reviews. Review methods. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and comparative observational studies that enrolled adults who received an intervention to acutely treat episodic migraine. Pairs of independent reviewers selected and appraised studies. Results. Data on triptans were derived from 186 RCTs summarized in nine systematic reviews (101,276 patients; most studied was sumatriptan, followed by zolmitriptan, eletriptan, naratriptan, almotriptan, rizatriptan, and frovatriptan). Compared with placebo, triptans resolved pain at 2 hours and 1 day, and increased the risk of mild and transient adverse events (high strength of the body of evidence [SOE]). Data on NSAIDs were derived from five systematic reviews (13,214 patients; most studied was ibuprofen, followed by diclofenac and ketorolac). Compared with placebo, NSAIDs probably resolved pain at 2 hours and 1 day, and increased the risk of mild and transient adverse events (moderate SOE). For other interventions, we included 135 RCTs and 6 comparative observational studies (37,653 patients). Compared with placebo, antiemetics (low SOE), dihydroergotamine (moderate to high SOE), ergotamine plus caffeine (moderate SOE), and acetaminophen (moderate SOE) reduced acute pain. Opioids were evaluated in 15 studies (2,208 patients).Butorphanol, meperidine, morphine, hydromorphone, and tramadol in combination with acetaminophen may reduce pain at 2 hours and 1 day, compared with placebo (low SOE). Some opioids may be less effective than some antiemetics or dexamethasone (low SOE). No studies evaluated instruments for predicting risk of opioid misuse, opioid use disorder, or overdose, or evaluated risk mitigation strategies to be used when prescribing opioids for the acute treatment of episodic migraine. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists improved headache relief at 2 hours and increased the likelihood of being headache-free at 2 hours, at 1 day, and at 1 week (low to high SOE). Lasmiditan (the first approved 5-HT1F receptor agonist) restored function at 2 hours and resolved pain at 2 hours, 1 day, and 1 week (moderate to high SOE). Sparse and low SOE suggested possible effectiveness of dexamethasone, dipyrone, magnesium sulfate, and octreotide. Compared with placebo, several nonpharmacologic treatments may improve various measures of pain, including remote electrical neuromodulation (moderate SOE), magnetic stimulation (low SOE), acupuncture (low SOE), chamomile oil (low SOE), external trigeminal nerve stimulation (low SOE), and eye movement desensitization re-processing (low SOE). However, these interventions, including the noninvasive neuromodulation devices, have been evaluated only by single or very few trials. Conclusions. A number of acute treatments for episodic migraine exist with varying degrees of evidence for effectiveness and harms. Use of triptans, NSAIDs, antiemetics, dihydroergotamine, CGRP antagonists, and lasmiditan is associated with improved pain and function. The evidence base for many other interventions for acute treatment, including opioids, remains limited.
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Elacqua, Gregory, Isabel Jacas, Thomas Krussig, Carolina Méndez, Christopher Neilson, Alonso Román, and Sammara Soares. Sistemas centralizados de asignación escolar: guía de implementación. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003362.

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En el último tiempo, gracias al desarrollo de la literatura de algoritmos de asignación y emparejamiento, se comenzó a expandir el uso de sistemas centralizados de asignación de cupos para estudiantes, tanto para solucionar los problemas que se generan en los procesos tradicionales de matrícula, como para hacerlos más transparentes, eficientes y equitativos. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los países todavía posee sistemas descentralizados, los cuales son una suerte de caja negra para las familias e incluso para los gobiernos. En ese sentido, esta guía entrega una mirada general acerca de cómo implementar un sistema centralizado de matrícula. Para hacerlo, es importante tener claras cuatro etapas: 1) diagnóstico y planificación; 2) definiciones generales; 3) desarrollo de la plataforma; y 4) intervenciones de información y campañas comunicacionales. A estas se les suma una quinta relativa a la evaluación y mejoramiento, que busca identificar los puntos de optimización de la implementación para ajustarlos en el siguiente proceso. En la etapa de diagnóstico y planificación se evalúa el sistema actual de asignación escolar para que el nuevo sistema se adapte a la idiosincrasia del territorio en donde se implementará por primera vez. Se considera el grado de centralización que se tiene actualmente en el proceso de matrícula escolar, y se determinan los problemas a solucionar. Además, se considera la infraestructura técnica y física ya desarrollada. En la etapa de definiciones y lineamientos generales se determinan los objetivos de política pública que busca alcanzar el nuevo sistema y cada uno de los componentes que forman su estructura, como es el mecanismo de asignación y las prioridades, entre otros. Luego, estas definiciones se materializan en las normativas que los países deben desarrollar y en la etapa de desarrollo de la plataforma, donde los postulantes podrán registrarse y explorar las distintas instituciones educativas a su disposición, para luego realizar sus postulaciones. La etapa de intervenciones de información y campañas comunicacionales es una etapa continua a lo largo del proceso, constituye una instancia de apoyo a las familias basada en campañas comunicacionales y herramientas de entrega de información personalizada. Esta etapa responde a una necesidad propia de la instalación de un nuevo sistema centralizado, donde el éxito depende de cómo los usuarios logran entenderlo y realizar sus postulaciones de manera exitosa. Para ello, es preciso entregarles la mayor cantidad de información posible y de la mejor manera, para así garantizar su comprensión. Por último, se lleva a cabo una etapa de evaluación y mejoramiento, que aun cuando no se aborde como una sección por sí misma en esta guía, es importante tenerla en mente a lo largo de todo el proceso. Se identifican puntos de mejora en las cuatro etapas anteriores y se realizan los ajustes necesarios para la próxima implementación del sistema. Luego de llevar a cabo el piloto de un sistema centralizado, se da paso a un nuevo proceso de mejora continua, investigación y escalamiento. En este se considera la evaluación y puntos de mejora que se identifican de la primera implementación, junto con la realización de estudios e investigación sobre todo del proceso, a fin de planificar su escalamiento paulatino a nivel nacional.
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Eye surgery to remove the lens shows promise for treating early glaucoma. National Institute for Health Research, January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/signal-000366.

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10

CIE 245:2021 Optical Safety of Infrared Eye Trackers Applied for Extended Durations. International Commission on Illumination (CIE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25039/tr.245.2021.

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Infrared eye trackers are employed to achieve communication through gaze interaction, which is an important application of modern electro-optics and computer technology to the benefit of persons with disabilities who have major motor impairments, as well as for general use as a human-to-computer interaction device. By tracking eye movements of persons with severe motor disabilities, the individuals can interact with automated equipment through movements of their gaze. In addition to purely passive systems, which may only employ ambient lighting, more typical eye trackers employ active infrared eye-tracking techniques. However, questions have arisen with regard to the potential optical radiation hazards of using infrared eye trackers for the much-extended durations of 10 to 12 hours each day for a lifetime. Conventional eye trackers employed in the research setting would rarely be used for more than an hour. Several exposure guidelines exist today, but the question has arisen whether the chronic nature of exposure for such an infrared illuminator for assistive devices falls outside the assumed conditions of daily exposure. This technical report explores the basis of the current human exposure guidelines, their scientific basis and underlying assumptions in order to determine the direct applicability of these guidelines to this application. It is found that the most limiting exposure criterion is the infrared exposure limit to protect against delayed changes in the crystalline lens of the eye. The Technical Committee also examined some representative eye trackers and found that the day-long average exposure in these typical examples of current technology did not exceed that criterion.

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