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Journal articles on the topic 'Fare collection systems'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 20 February 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Foote, Peter, Ross Patronsky, and Darwin Stuart. "Transit Customer Acceptance of Automated Fare Collection Systems." Journal of Public Transportation 2, no. 3 (1999): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/2375-0901.2.3.1.

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2

Sukhonos, M. K. "Review of the Existing Non-Cash Fare Collection Systems." Business Inform 5, no. 496 (2019): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2019-5-129-135.

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3

Ponkratov, Denys, Denys Kopytkov, and Victor Dolya. "A comprehensive analysis of the electronic fare collection systems effectiveness implementation on public transit and prospective directions of its application in Ukraine." Technology audit and production reserves 4, no. 2(72) (2023): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286614.

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The object of research is the effectiveness of the implementation of electronic fare collection systems on public transit. Applying the electronic fare collection systems is a general trend in improving public transport services for users. In the pre-war period, the systems began to be implemented in many cities of Ukraine. At the same time, this activity was not of a systemic nature and at the current stage it is mainly considered as a means of ensuring more convenient conditions for the use of scheduled passenger transport services for passengers. The article focuses on a broader understandi

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4

Антакова, K. Antakova, Чефранова, and O. Chefranova. "AUTOMATED ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION ON TOLL ROAD." Alternative energy sources in the transport-technological complex: problems and prospects of rational use of 2, no. 1 (2015): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/13847.

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In the article the principles of the use of electronic fare collection systems on highways. The introduction of contactless automated electronic systems based on vehicle identification, provides a non-stop passage of cars through the toll booths, which leads to increasing the capacity of the highway.

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5

Zaragozí, Benito, Sergio Trilles, Aaron Gutiérrez, and Daniel Miravet. "Development of a Common Framework for Analysing Public Transport Smart Card Data." Energies 14, no. 19 (2021): 6083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196083.

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The data generated in public transport systems have proven to be of great importance in improving knowledge of public transport systems, being very valuable in promoting the sustainability of public transport through rational management. However, the analysis of this data involves numerous tasks, so that when the value of analysing the data is finally verified, the effort has already been very great. The management and analysis of the collected data face some difficulties. This is the case of the data collected by the current automated fare collection systems. These systems do not follow any o

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Grisé, Emily, and Ahmed El-Geneidy. "Identifying the Bias: Evaluating Effectiveness of Automatic Data Collection Methods in Estimating Details of Bus Dwell Time." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2647, no. 1 (2017): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2647-05.

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Data from automated vehicle location (AVL) systems, automatic passenger counter (APC) systems, and fare box payments have been heavily used to generate dwell time models with the goal of recommending improvements in efficiency and reliability of bus transit systems. However, automatic data collection methods may result in a loss of detail with regard to the dynamics of passenger activity, which may bias the estimates associated with dwell or passenger activity time. The purpose of this study is to understand better any biases that might exist from using data from AVL–APC systems or fare box pa

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Lee, Sang Gu, and Mark Hickman. "Trip purpose inference using automated fare collection data." Public Transport 6, no. 1-2 (2013): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12469-013-0077-5.

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8

Das S V, Arun. "GPS based Automated Public Transport Fare Collection Systems Based on Distance Travelled by Passenger Using Smart Card." International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Research 2, no. 3 (2014): 66–72. https://doi.org/10.70729/1140312.

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9

Lathia, Neal, Chris Smith, Jon Froehlich, and Licia Capra. "Individuals among commuters: Building personalised transport information services from fare collection systems." Pervasive and Mobile Computing 9, no. 5 (2013): 643–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmcj.2012.10.007.

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10

Aruho, A. T., R. Behrens, and M. Zuidgeest. "Cashless fare collection systems acceptability in the paratransit sector in Cape Town." Transportation Research Procedia 89 (2025): 650–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2025.05.088.

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11

Egge, Mark, Zhen (Sean) Qian, and Amy Silbermann. "Effect of Fare Policies on Dwell Time." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2649, no. 1 (2017): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2649-03.

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Bus fares may be collected when passengers board or immediately before they alight. Little work has been done to quantify the impacts of entry fare and exit fare policies on passenger stop delay, namely the dwell time. The Port Authority of Allegheny County (PAAC), Pennsylvania, is one of few mass transit systems to currently employ both entry fare and exit fare policies. PAAC’s alternating fare policy offers an ideal natural experiment for investigating the effect of fare collection policy on dwell time. PAAC automated passenger counter and automatic vehicle location data were analyzed to est

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12

Sasaki, Yasuo. "Optimal choices of fare collection systems for public transportations: Barrier versus barrier-free." Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 60 (February 2014): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2013.12.005.

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13

Sánchez-Martínez, Gabriel E. "Estimating Fare Noninteraction and Evasion with Disaggregate Fare Transaction Data." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2652, no. 1 (2017): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2652-11.

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Public transportation authorities rely on electronic fare transaction records for revenue collection, service planning, and performance measurement. When passengers make public transportation trips without interacting with the fare system, demand is underreported and fare revenue is lost. In some cases, this issue is studied through costly manual surveys that cover a small portion of stops and times. Based on disaggregate fare transaction data, this research introduces a framework and stochastic model for estimating fare noninteraction and evasion on systems without automatic passenger countin

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Siniutsich, K. V. "Development of Public Transport Fare Payment Systems in the Republic of Belarus." Science & Technique 21, no. 4 (2022): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2022-21-4-349-356.

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The Republic of Belarus uses traditional and modern systems of fare payment for public passenger transport. In the traditional system, paper tickets are used as proof of payment; such a system is common in all settlements of the country. Electronic tickets generated in mobile applications of various electronic systems, on physical media – contactless smart cards, as well as records of relevant transactions from bank card accounts are used in modern fare systems to confirm payment for a transport service. Both single trips and multiple travel tickets can be recorded in the form of an electronic

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15

Zhu, Wei, Feng Zhou, Jiajun Huang, and Ruihua Xu. "Validating Rail Transit Assignment Models with Cluster Analysis and Automatic Fare Collection Data." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2526, no. 1 (2015): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2526-02.

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Passenger flow data are necessary for making and coordinating operational plans for urban rail transit (URT) systems; the availability and the service state of those systems directly influence the activity of a city and its people. Although many transit assignment models have been developed, the results of passenger flows estimated by these models as well as assumptions made in the estimation process, especially for large-scale, complex, and dynamically changing URT networks, had not been validated. This paper proposes a methodology that can validate existing URT assignment models by using aut

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Ghandforoush, Parvis, John Collura, and Valeri Plotnikov. "Developing a Decision Support System for Evaluating an Investment in Fare Collection Systems in Transit." Journal of Public Transportation 6, no. 2 (2003): 61–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/2375-0901.6.2.4.

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17

Reilly, Jack M. "Transit Service Design and Operation Practices in Western European Countries." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1604, no. 1 (1997): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1604-01.

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Fundamental transit service design in a number of small cities in Western Europe, which have reputationally good transit systems, is discussed. This work was the result of a transit study tour sponsored by the Transit Cooperative Research Program of TRB. Key differences between transit design practice in Europe and the United States include longer distances between stops, superior customer information at bus stops, more frequent service, and downtown schedule coordination in the European systems. The combination of low-floor buses, off-board fare collection, long distances between stops, and m

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18

Sonawane, Gayatri. "Smart Bus Fare Payment System for Urban Transit Using NFC Technology." International Scientific Journal of Engineering and Management 04, no. 04 (2025): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.55041/isjem03293.

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Abstract - This paper presents the implementation of a smart bus fare payment system utilizing Near Field Communication (NFC) and cloud-based technologies to deliver a secure, efficient, and user-friendly transit experience. The system is developed as an Android application with distinct modules for Admin, Conductor, and User roles. The admin interface facilitates route management, fare structuring, user and conductor administration. Conductors are provided with real- time dashboards to manage bookings, monitor passenger counts, and view trip histories. Users can recharge their wallets, access

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19

Egu, Oscar, and Patrick Bonnel. "Can we estimate accurately fare evasion without a survey? Results from a data comparison approach in Lyon using fare collection data, fare inspection data and counting data." Public Transport 12, no. 1 (2020): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12469-019-00224-x.

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20

Gantimurova, Julia, and Vladislava Ermolina. "TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF THE INTRODUCTION OF ELECTRONIC FARE COLLECTION AS A SUBSYSTEM OF INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEM." Scientific Papers Collection of the Angarsk State Technical University 2023, no. 1 (2023): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-7788-2023-1-117-124.

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. The article substantiates the relevance of introducing electronic toll collection in order to improve the quality of functioning of regional transport systems. The quality of service for road users affects both social and economic efficiency it allows you to reduce the time spent on traffic, to ensure «just in time» delivery. Based on the target and functional performance indicators of intelligent transport systems, a variant of a technical and economic assessment of the introduction of electronic toll collection is proposed, taking into account the ratio of benefits and costs

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21

Tang, Chunyan, Ying-En Ge, Jiyu Zhang, and Qi Xu. "Modeling Limited-Stop Bus Corridor Services with Fare Payment Mode Choice and Trip Purpose Consideration." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (November 2, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4329943.

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This paper proposes a novel model for optimizing limited-stop bus corridor services with consideration of varied payment modes and different trip purposes. In the proposed model, the bus dwell time at a stop is dependent on the fare payment modes and the number of passengers getting off and waiting at the stop while those with the similar trip purpose are grouped into one user class. Given an origin–destination (OD) passenger trip matrix and a set of candidate bus lines serving a corridor, the proposed model is to minimize the total social cost that consists of the cost to the bus operator and

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22

Hatipoğlu, Seda. "Examining Diverse World Examples in Transit Fare Collection Systems for Bus and a Model System for Ankara." Journal of Ankara Studies 5, no. 2 (2017): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/jas.2017.30932.

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23

Tirachini, Alejandro. "Bus dwell time: the effect of different fare collection systems, bus floor level and age of passengers." Transportmetrica A: Transport Science 9, no. 1 (2011): 28–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18128602.2010.520277.

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24

Umamageswari K, Sowndarya S, JuvaireeyaBanu K, Fazima K, and AthiyaNaurin M. "Smart Card-Based Ticketing with Application for Bus Transport." International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering and Management (IRJAEM) 3, no. 04 (2025): 1278–85. https://doi.org/10.47392/irjaem.2025.0209.

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Manual ticketing is becoming less effective due to urbanization and the growing demand for public transportation. This concept introduces a cashless, automated fare collection system that utilizes smartphone apps and AI-powered smart cards. By integrating smart sensors, GPS tracking, and real-time monitoring, the system enhances both efficiency and security. Automated entry and exit systems help reduce congestion and minimize boarding times. Additionally, a dynamic fare adjustment mechanism ensures fair pricing based on travel distance. For passengers without smart cards, QR-based mobile ticke

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Umamageswari K, Sowndarya S, JuvaireeyaBanu, Fazima K, and AthiyaNaurin M. "Smart Card-Based Ticketing with Application for Bus Transport." International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering and Management (IRJAEM) 3, no. 04 (2025): 1197–99. https://doi.org/10.47392/irjaem.2025.0196.

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Manual ticketing is becoming less effective due to urbanization and the growing demand for public transportation. This concept introduces a cashless, automated fare collection system that utilizes smartphone apps and AI-powered smart cards. By integrating smart sensors, GPS tracking, and real-time monitoring, the system enhances both efficiency and security. Automated entry and exit systems help reduce congestion and minimize boarding times. Additionally, a dynamic fare adjustment mechanism ensures fair pricing based on travel distance. For passengers without smart cards, QR-based mobile ticke

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26

Hong, Ling, Wei Li, and Wei Zhu. "Assigning Passenger Flows on a Metro Network Based on Automatic Fare Collection Data and Timetable." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4373871.

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Assigning passenger flows on a metro network plays an important role in passenger flow analysis that is the foundation of metro operation. Traditional transit assignment models are becoming increasingly complex and inefficient. These models may even not be valid in case of sudden changes in the timetable or disruptions in the metro system. We propose a methodology for assigning passenger flows on a metro network based on automatic fare collection (AFC) data and realized timetable. We find that the routes connecting a given origin and destination (O-D) pair are related to their observed travel

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Chen, Su Ping, and Dai Zong Liu. "Bus Passenger Origin-Destination Matrix Estimation Using Available Information from Automatic Data Collection Systems in Chongqing, China." Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (September 2013): 878–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.878.

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This research explores the application of available information from Automated Data Collection Systems (ADC) with a focus on bus passenger Origin-Destination (OD) matrices inference, using Chongqing as a case study. It demonstrates the feasibility and ease of applying to infer bus passengers boarding and alighting locations if boarding information is available from neither Automatic Fare Collection System (AFC) nor GPS data, and is the first known attempt to create an algorism to use stop Geographic Information System (GIS) and dual-direction bus stop group to estimate the boarding location an

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Chira-Chavala, T., and B. Coifman. "Effects of Smart Cards on Transit Operators." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1521, no. 1 (1996): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196152100112.

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The results of an evaluation of the first transit smart card field operational test in California are presented. The smart card technologies deployed were radio frequency and integrated circuit contact systems, and the evaluation included the cost and productivity implications of smart cards relative to those of fare boxes as well as the perceptions of transit personnel. Data input for the evaluation came from interviews with transit personnel and onboard observations. The results indicate that smart cards work well and reliably in real-world bus operations. Passengers and transit personnel li

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Chen, Xing, Leishan Zhou, Zixi Bai, Yixiang Yue, Bin Guo, and Hanxiao Zhou. "Data-Driven Approaches to Mining Passenger Travel Patterns: “Left-Behinds” in a Congested Urban Rail Transit Network." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (April 1, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6830450.

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The “left-behind” phenomenon occurs frequently in Urban Rail Transit (URT) networks with booming travel demand, especially during peak hours in a complex URT network, which makes passenger travel patterns more complicated. This paper proposes a methodology to mine passenger travel patterns based on fare transaction records from automatic fare collection (AFC) systems and Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) data from Communication Based Train Control (CBTC) Systems or tracking systems. By introducing the concept of a sequence, a space-time-sequence trajectory model is proposed to simulate a passen

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Anikeev, Evgeniy. "The structure and application of an automated system for monitoring passenger traffic." Modeling of systems and processes 14, no. 3 (2021): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2219-0767-2021-14-3-4-11.

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Various methods of collecting data on passenger traffic, their advantages and disadvantages are considered. It is shown that in order to improve the quality of transport services, it is necessary to regularly collect and refine data on passenger traffic. The goals and methods of obtaining information about passenger traffic in the system of municipal passenger transport are indicated. All currently existing methods are divided into three categories: data collection using technical means, data collection with the help of censors and volunteers, and interpretation of fare payments. All the metho

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Somkuwar, Prathmesh. "Literature Review: Real-Time Bus Tracking, RFID-Based Bus Ticketing, and RFID for Door Access Control." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 5 (2023): 4728–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.52677.

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Abstract: This review of the literature explores the development, application, and assessment of systems that make use of GPS, GSM, NFC, and RFID technologies. The articles highlight the importance of real-time bus tracking systems, which use GPS and GSM to track the whereabouts of buses. RFID-based bus ticketing systems, where tickets are validated and fares are collected using RFID cards, have a number of benefits, such as quicker boarding, more accurate fare collection, and more customer convenience. The evaluation also discusses the usage of RFID technology for door access control system a

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Liu, Tianyou, Zhenliang Ma, and Haris N. Koutsopoulos. "Unplanned Disruption Analysis in Urban Railway Systems Using Smart Card Data." Urban Rail Transit 7, no. 3 (2021): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40864-021-00150-x.

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AbstractMetro system disruptions are a big concern due to their impacts on safety, service quality, and operating efficiency. A better understanding of system performance and passenger behavior under unplanned disruptions is critical for efficient decision making, effective customer communication, and identifying potential improvements. However, few studies explore disruption impacts on individual passenger behavior, and most studies use manually collected survey data. This study examines the potential of using automated collection data to comprehensively analyze unplanned disruption impacts.

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Brakewood, Candace, Niloofar Ghahramani, Jonathan Peters, Eunjin Kwak, and Jake Sion. "Real-Time Riders: A First Look at User Interaction Data from the Back End of a Transit and Shared Mobility Smartphone App." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2658, no. 1 (2017): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2658-07.

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A fundamental component of transit planning is understanding passenger travel patterns. However, traditional data sources used to study transit travel have some noteworthy drawbacks. For example, manual collection of travel surveys can be expensive, and data sets from automated fare collection systems often include only one transit system and do not capture multimodal trips (e.g., access and egress mode). New data sources from smartphone applications offer the opportunity to study transit travel patterns across multiple metropolitan regions and transit operators at little to no cost. Moreover,

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Lu, Kai, Alireza Khani, and Baoming Han. "A Trip Purpose-Based Data-Driven Alighting Station Choice Model Using Transit Smart Card Data." Complexity 2018 (August 28, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3412070.

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Automatic fare collection (AFC) systems have been widely used all around the world which record rich data resources for researchers mining the passenger behavior and operation estimation. However, most transit systems are open systems for which only boarding information is recorded but the alighting information is missing. Because of the lack of trip information, validation of utility functions for passenger choices is difficult. To fill the research gaps, this study uses the AFC data from Beijing metro, which is a closed system and records both boarding information and alighting information.

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Huan, Ning, Enjian Yao, and Binbin Li. "Early Warning Mechanism for the Surge of Passengers in Metro Systems Based on Automated Fare Collection Data: Case Study of Guangzhou, China." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 4 (2019): 917–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119838847.

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Recently, surges of passengers caused by large gatherings, temporary traffic control measures, or other abnormal events have frequently occurred in metro systems. From the standpoint of the operation managers, the available information about these outside events is incomplete or delayed. Unlike regular peaks of commuting, those unforeseen surges pose great challenges to emergency organization and safety management. This study aims to assist managers in monitoring passenger flow in an intelligent manner so as to react promptly. Compared with the high cost of deploying multisensors, the widely a

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Peirce, Sean, Joshua Cregger, Eric Burkman, et al. "Assessing the Transit Agency Business Case for Partial and Full Automation of Bus Services." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 5 (2019): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119842113.

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This paper analyzes the cost-effectiveness of vehicle automation investments for public transit bus services. The calculations are developed for a set of illustrative use cases, using information from market surveys of available technologies and findings from demonstration projects and simulations. Overall, the results indicate that advanced driver assistance systems generally have a strong business case, in that they can provide operational savings that exceed their costs when considered over the life cycle of the bus. For full automation, the situation is more complex: there is the potential

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Singh, Ramandeep, Daniel J. Graham, and Richard J. Anderson. "Characterizing Journey Time Performance on Urban Metro Systems under Varying Operating Conditions." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 7 (2019): 516–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119848415.

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Automated fare collection (AFC) data provide opportunities for improved measurement of public transport service quality from the passenger perspective. In this paper, AFC data from the London Underground are used to measure service quality through an analysis of journey time performance under regular and incident-affected operating conditions. The analysis involves two parts: (i) parametrically defining the shape of journey time distributions, and (ii) defining three performance metrics based on the moments of the distributions to measure the mean and variance of journey times. The metrics sho

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Cazuza de Sousa Júnior, José Nauri, Teresa Galvão Dias, and Mário Angelo Nunes de Azevedo Filho. "Operational Performance Analysis of the Public Transport System over Time." Infrastructures 8, no. 5 (2023): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures8050082.

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The public transport system is responsible for the displacement of a large part of the population, particularly in developing countries. This fact makes it relevant to evaluate the performance of public transport to provide an efficient and effective service. The purpose of this study is to conduct a performance evaluation of the public transport operation in the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza (MRF), in the State of Ceará, Brazil. The analysis is based on DEA and the Malmquist index, based on three inputs (total operating time, fleet age, and the mileage traveled) and two outputs (fare reven

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Xiong, Jing, Youchao Sun, Zhihao Xu, Yongbing Wan, and Gang Yu. "Remaining Life Prediction of Automatic Fare Collection Systems from the Perspective of Sustainable Development: A Sparse and Weak Feature Fault Data-Based Approach." Sustainability 17, no. 1 (2024): 230. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17010230.

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The most effective way to solve urban traffic congestion in mega cities is to develop rail transit, which is also an important strategy for sustainable urban development. Improving the service performance of rail transit equipment is the key to ensuring the sustainable operation of urban rail transit. Automatic fare collection (AFC) is an indispensable system in urban rail transit. AFC directly serves passengers, and its condition directly affects the sustainability and safety of urban rail transit. This study proposes remaining useful life (RUL) prediction framework for AFC systems. Firstly,

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Mariñas-Collado, Irene, Elisa Frutos Bernal, Maria Teresa Santos Martin, Angel Martín del Rey, Roberto Casado Vara, and Ana Belen Gil-González. "A Mathematical Study of Barcelona Metro Network." Electronics 10, no. 5 (2021): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10050557.

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The knowledge of the topological structure and the automatic fare collection systems in urban public transport produce many data that need to be adequately analyzed, processed and presented. These data provide a powerful tool to improve the quality of transport services and plan ahead. This paper aims at studying, from a mathematical and statistical point of view, the Barcelona metro network; specifically: (1) the structural and robustness characteristics of the transportation network are computed and analyzed considering the complex network analysis; and (2) the common characteristics of the

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Zhao, Xiaofei, Caiyi Hu, Zhao Liu, and Yangyang Meng. "Weighted Dynamic Time Warping for Grid-Based Travel-Demand-Pattern Clustering: Case Study of Beijing Bicycle-Sharing System." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 6 (2019): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8060281.

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Many kinds of spatial–temporal data collected by transportation systems, such as user order systems or automated fare-collection (AFC) systems, can be discretized and converted into time-series data. With the technique of time-series data mining, certain travel-demand patterns of different areas in the city can be detected. This study proposes a data-mining model for understanding the patterns and regularities of human activities in urban areas from spatiotemporal datasets. This model uses a grid-based method to convert spatiotemporal point datasets into discretized temporal sequences. Time-se

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Rodríguez González, Ana Belén, Juan José Vinagre Díaz, Mark R. Wilby, and Rubén Fernández Pozo. "Data-Driven Performance Evaluation Framework for Multi-Modal Public Transport Systems." Sensors 22, no. 1 (2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22010017.

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Transport agencies require accurate and updated information about public transport systems for the optimal decision-making processes regarding design and operation. In addition to assessing topology and service components, users’ behaviors must be considered. To this end, a data-driven performance evaluation based on passengers’ actual routes is key. Automatic fare collection platforms provide meaningful smart card data (SCD), but these are incomplete when gathered by entry-only systems. To obtain origin–destination (OD) matrices, we must manage complete journeys. In this paper, we use an adap

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Xu, Ruihua, Fangsheng Wang, and Feng Zhou. "Metro Train Operation Plan Analysis Based on Station Travel Time Reliability." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (April 15, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8813461.

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The train operation plan plays an essential role in metro systems and directly affects transportation organization efficiency and passenger service level. In metro systems, passengers have paid more attention to the travel time reliability (TTR), reflecting the reliability of metro operation management. This article proposes an analysis method of train operation plan based on TTR in the station dimension. First, an automated fare collection (AFC) data-driven framework is established to calculate the station travel time reliability (STTR) and analyze the train operation plan at different period

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Silva, Ricardo, Soong Moon Kang, and Edoardo M. Airoldi. "Predicting traffic volumes and estimating the effects of shocks in massive transportation systems." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 18 (2015): 5643–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1412908112.

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Public transportation systems are an essential component of major cities. The widespread use of smart cards for automated fare collection in these systems offers a unique opportunity to understand passenger behavior at a massive scale. In this study, we use network-wide data obtained from smart cards in the London transport system to predict future traffic volumes, and to estimate the effects of disruptions due to unplanned closures of stations or lines. Disruptions, or shocks, force passengers to make different decisions concerning which stations to enter or exit. We describe how these change

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Tang, Liyang, Yang Zhao, Kwok Leung Tsui, Yuxin He, and Liwei Pan. "A Clustering Refinement Approach for Revealing Urban Spatial Structure from Smart Card Data." Applied Sciences 10, no. 16 (2020): 5606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10165606.

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Facilitated by rapid development of the data-intensive techniques together with communication and sensing technology, we can take advantage of smart card data collected through Automatic Fare Collection (AFC) systems to establish connections between public transit and urban spatial structure. In this paper, with a case study on Shenzhen metro system in China, we investigate the agglomeration pattern of passenger flow among subway stations. Specifically, leveraging inbound and outbound passenger flows at subway stations, we propose a clustering refinement approach based on cluster member stabil

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Martynenko, Alexander V., and Denis Zh Sayfutdinov. "Information system for monitoring passenger flow of urban public transport based on ticket validator data." Transport of the Urals, no. 3 (2024): 49–58. https://doi.org/10.20291/1815-9400-2024-3-49-58.

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Until recently, the main methods of conducting regular surveys of passenger traffic on urban public transport were field observations and surveys. Nowadays, approaches based on geodata about the movements of vehicles and passengers (navigation data, geo-tracking of cell phones and bank cards, etc.), and the use of automated information collection systems (neural network video processing of traffic flows, passenger entry/exit sensors, etc.) are becoming more widespread. The advantage of such methods lies in their high accuracy at relatively low cost. The article considers an information system

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Trépanier, Martin, Khandker M. N. Habib, and Catherine Morency. "Are transit users loyal? Revelations from a hazard model based on smart card data." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 39, no. 6 (2012): 610–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l2012-048.

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Smart card fare collection systems for public transit produce a huge quantity of data on a daily basis. The ability to follow the use of a single card throughout the months gives the opportunity of measuring the loyalty of the individual to the service. Then, operators can have quantitative knowledge of the loyalty in their network. However, it is also important to know what are the factors that influence the survival of the users. This paper presents the application of a discrete time hazard model to 5 years of data of a medium-size transit authority in Canada. The concept of the hazard model

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Mu, Weiyan, Xin Wang, Chunya Li, and Shifeng Xiong. "Dynamic Modeling for Metro Passenger Flows on Congested Transfer Routes." Mathematics 11, no. 6 (2023): 1427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11061427.

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With the rapid development of urbanization, the metro becomes more and more important for people’s travel in big cities. To quantitatively describe metro passenger flows on congested transfer routes, this paper introduces a dynamic model based on automated data from the automatic fare collection (AFC) and automatic vehicle location (AVL) systems. An expectation maximization (EM) algorithm is proposed to compute the maximum likelihood estimates of unknown parameters in our model. Our model can yield a systematic analysis of one-transfer passenger flows on both population and individual aspects.

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Ma, Zhenliang, Haris N. Koutsopoulos, Yunqing Chen, and Nigel H. M. Wilson. "Estimation of Denied Boarding in Urban Rail Systems: Alternative Formulations and Comparative Analysis." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 11 (2019): 771–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119857034.

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Monitoring rail transit system performance is important for effective operations planning. The number of times passengers are denied boarding is becoming a key measure of the impact of near-capacity operations on customers and is fundamental for calculating other performance metrics, such as expected waiting time for service. This paper reviews existing methods and proposes a denied boarding probability distribution inference method for closed Automated Fare Collection (AFC) urban rail systems. Using AFC (tap-in and tap-out) and Automated Vehicle Location (AVL) data, the method relaxes some of

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Zhai, Huawei, Licheng Cui, Yu Nie, Xiaowei Xu, and Weishi Zhang. "A Comprehensive Comparative Analysis of the Basic Theory of the Short Term Bus Passenger Flow Prediction." Symmetry 10, no. 9 (2018): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym10090369.

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In order to meet the real-time public travel demands, the bus operators need to adjust the timetables in time. Therefore, it is necessary to predict the variations of the short-term passenger flow. Under the help of the advanced public transportation systems, a large amount of real-time data about passenger flow is collected from the automatic passenger counters, automatic fare collection systems, etc. Using these data, different kinds of methods are proposed to predict future variations of the short-term bus passenger flow. Based on the properties and background knowledge, these methods are c

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