Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fitness traits

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Fitness traits'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 June 2025
Last updated: 2 August 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Fitness traits"

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O’Brien, Anna M., Chandra N. Jack, Maren L. Friesen, and Megan E. Frederickson. "Whose trait is it anyways? Coevolution of joint phenotypes and genetic architecture in mutualisms." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1942 (2021): 20202483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2483.

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Evolutionary biologists typically envision a trait’s genetic basis and fitness effects occurring within a single species. However, traits can be determined by and have fitness consequences for interacting species, thus evolving in multiple genomes. This is especially likely in mutualisms, where species exchange fitness benefits and can associate over long periods of time. Partners may experience evolutionary conflict over the value of a multi-genomic trait, but such conflicts may be ameliorated by mutualism’s positive fitness feedbacks. Here, we develop a simulation model of a host–microbe mut
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Kingsolver, J. G., H. A. Woods, and G. Gilchrist. "Traits Related to Fitness." Science 267, no. 5196 (1995): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.267.5196.396.

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Mills, Suzanne C., Alessandro Grapputo, Ilmari Jokinen, et al. "Testosterone‐Mediated Effects on Fitness‐Related Phenotypic Traits and Fitness." American Naturalist 173, no. 4 (2009): 475–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/597222.

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WAYNE, M. L., J. B. HACKETT, C. L. DILDA, S. V. NUZHDIN, E. G. PASYUKOVA, and T. F. C. MACKAY. "Quantitative trait locus mapping of fitness-related traits in Drosophila melanogaster." Genetical Research 77, no. 1 (2001): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300004894.

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We examined the genetic architecture of four fitness-related traits (reproductive success, ovariole number, body size and early fecundity) in a panel of 98 Oregon-R × 2b3 recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Highly significant genetic variation was observed in this population for female, but not male, reproductive success. The cross-sex genetic correlation for reproductive success was 0·20, which is not significantly different from zero. There was significant genetic variation segregating in this cross for ovariole number, but not for body size or early fecundity. The RILs were genotyped for cytol
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Morrissey, Michael B., and Timothée Bonnet. "Analogues of the fundamental and secondary theorems of selection, assuming a log-normal distribution of expected fitness." Journal of Heredity 110, no. 4 (2019): 396–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esz020.

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Abstract It is increasingly common for studies of evolution in natural populations to infer the quantitative genetic basis of fitness (e.g., the additive genetic variance for relative fitness), and of relationships between traits and fitness (e.g., the additive genetic covariance of traits with relative fitness). There is a certain amount of tension between the theory that justifies estimating these quantities, and methodological considerations relevant to their empirical estimation. In particular, the additive genetic variances and covariances involving relative fitness are justified by the f
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Abrams, Peter A., Hiroyuki Matsuda, and Yasushi Harada. "Evolutionarily unstable fitness maxima and stable fitness minima of continuous traits." Evolutionary Ecology 7, no. 5 (1993): 465–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01237642.

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Peters, A. D., D. L. Halligan, M. C. Whitlock, and P. D. Keightley. "Dominance and Overdominance of Mildly Deleterious Induced Mutations for Fitness Traits inCaenorhabditis elegans." Genetics 165, no. 2 (2003): 589–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/165.2.589.

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AbstractWe estimated the average dominance coefficient of mildly deleterious mutations (h, the proportion by which mutations in the heterozygous state reduce fitness components relative to those in the homozygous state) in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. From 56 worm lines that carry mutations induced by the point mutagen ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), we selected 19 lines that are relatively high in fitness and estimated the viabilities, productivities, and relative fitnesses of heterozygotes and homozygotes compared to the ancestral wild type. There was very little effect of homozygous o
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Mackay, Trudy F. C. "A quantitative genetic analysis of fitness and its components in Drosophila melanogaster." Genetical Research 47, no. 1 (1986): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300024526.

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SummaryForty-one third chromosomes extracted from a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster were assessed for net fitness and for the quantitative characters viability, net fertility, female productivity, male weight, abdominal bristle number, and sternopleural bristle number. Net homozygous and heterozygous fitness of the third chromosomes was estimated by competition against a marked balancer third chromosome. Average fitness of the homozygous lines relative to wild-type heterozygotes was 0·13, indicating substantial inbreeding depression for net fitness. All significant correlations o
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Schavemaker, Paul E., and Michael Lynch. "Bioenergetics and the Evolution of Cellular Traits." Annual Review of Biophysics 54, no. 1 (2025): 81–99. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biophys-070524-090334.

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Evolutionary processes have transformed simple cellular life into a great diversity of forms, ranging from the ubiquitous eukaryotic cell design to the more specific cellular forms of spirochetes, cyanobacteria, ciliates, heliozoans, amoeba, and many others. The cellular traits that constitute these forms require an evolutionary explanation. Ultimately, the persistence of a cellular trait depends on its net contribution to fitness, a quantitative measure. Independent of any positive effects, a cellular trait exhibits a baseline energetic cost that needs to be accounted for when quantitatively
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Brambilla, Alice, Iris Biebach, Bruno Bassano, Giuseppe Bogliani, and Achaz von Hardenberg. "Direct and indirect causal effects of heterozygosity on fitness-related traits in Alpine ibex." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1798 (2015): 20141873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1873.

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Heterozygosity–fitness correlations (HFCs) are a useful tool to investigate the effects of inbreeding in wild populations, but are not informative in distinguishing between direct and indirect effects of heterozygosity on fitness-related traits. We tested HFCs in male Alpine ibex ( Capra ibex ) in a free-ranging population (which suffered a severe bottleneck at the end of the eighteenth century) and used confirmatory path analysis to disentangle the causal relationships between heterozygosity and fitness-related traits. We tested HFCs in 149 male individuals born between 1985 and 2009. We foun
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fitness traits"

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Somorjai, Ildikó M. L. "Quantitative trait loci for fitness traits in Arctic charr, conservation in rainbow trout and correlations among traits." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61949.pdf.

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Bolund, Elisabeth. "Condition dependence and fitness consequences of sexual traits in zebra finches." Diss., lmu, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-102858.

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Garcia, Victoria. "Lifetime fitness and changing life history traits in Red-cockaded Woodpeckers." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71347.

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As environmental change continues and increases, understanding how species will respond to change and how these responses may affect populations will be important for conserving and managing species. Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) are well-studied and provide an ideal system in which to examine ecological and evolutionary questions related to life histories because monitoring them accurately is relatively easy, their behavior is well-described and structured. In this study, I examined the following questions using long-term data (1980-2013) from two study sites in North Carolin
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Larcombe, Stephen Donald. "Roles of dietary antioxidants and oxidative stress in mediating fitness related traits in birds." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/403/.

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Trade-offs occur where different physiological systems compete for the same limited resource. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can potentially damage all endogenous cells and processes, and antioxidants help prevent this oxidative stress. Since dietary acquired antioxidants are a limited resource, there is growing interest in the roles of dietary antioxidants in mediating life-history trade-offs. During reproduction, mothers must trade-off investing antioxidants in reproduction, and retaining them for self maintenance. Improving maternal antioxidant condition may allow increased investment of ant
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Beraldi, Dario. "Genetic variation in natural populations : linkage mapping of fitness related traits in Soay sheep." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10789.

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The Soay sheep on St Kilda, the free-living population which is the subject of this project, offers an unprecedented opportunity to dissect the architecture of fitness related traits. In this project, 588 animals belonging to a larger pedigree (882 animals) were genotyped to build a complete genetic map comprising 251 markers. Consequently, a whole genome scan was carried out to detect qualitative and quantitative trait loci. Different morphological and physiological traits were chosen on the basis of their relationship to fitness. The loci affecting the Mendelian polymorphisms of horn type an
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Hammerly, Susan C. "The Effects of Inbreeding on Fitness Traits in the Critically Endangered Attwater’s Prairie-chicken." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699930/.

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The goals of captive breeding programs for endangered species include preserving genetic diversity and avoiding inbreeding. Typically this is accomplished by minimizing population mean kinship; however, this approach becomes less effective when errors in the pedigree exist and may result in inbreeding depression, or reduced survival. Here, both pedigree- and DNA-based methods were used to assess inbreeding depression in the critically endangered Attwater’s prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus cupido attwateri). Less variation in the pedigree-based inbreeding coefficients and parental relatedness va
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Ogilvy, Victoria. "The influence of carotenoids on fitness related traits in anurans : implications for ex situ conservation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-influence-of-carotenoids-on-fitness-related-traits-in-anurans-implications-for-ex-situ-conservation(f1f58dbc-77ba-4a34-9378-886a215191a0).html.

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Amphibians are facing an extinction crisis, and in many cases it has become necessary to conserve species in captivity. Unfortunately, our understanding of the nutritional requirements of amphibians in captivity is currently limited. There have been anecdotal reports that captive bred amphibians have duller skin colouration than wild members of the same species. Many amphibians use carotenoid pigments in skin colouration. Carotenoids are yellow-red pigments synthesised by photosynthetic tissues, however vertebrates cannot synthesise them de novo and rely entirely on dietary sources. Reduced co
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Lopez, Diana P. "Trait Variation in an Everglades Invasive Species: Life histories, Boldness, and Dispersal in the African Jewelfish." FIU Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/454.

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Invasive range expansion is correlated to life- history variation, boldness and dispersal behavior. The invasion of the African Jewelfish in Everglades National Park provides an opportunity to test life-history trait variation, boldness and dispersal behavior in the invasion success of this species. My study examined variation in somatic traits, boldness, and dispersal of jewelfish across their invaded range. Life histories were examined on wild individuals. Boldness and dispersal were tested in outdoor experimental tanks. Tested populations from the invasion front have higher somatic traits,
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Rankin, Tauna Leigh. "The Effects of Early Life History on Recruitment and Early Juvenile Survival of a Coral Reef Fish in the Florida Keys." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/405.

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Processes that influence the early life stages of fishes can significantly impact population dynamics, yet they continue to be poorly understood. This dissertation examined relationships between the environment, early life history traits (ELHTs), behavior, and post-settlement survival for a coral reef fish, Stegastes partitus, in the upper Florida Keys, to elucidate how they influence juvenile demography. Otolith analysis of settlers and recruits coupled with environmental data revealed that S. partitus surviving the early juvenile period settled at larger sizes and grew slower post-settlement
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Revenikioti, Maria. "Life history and reproductive fitness variation associated with the Y chromosome in Callosobruchus maculatus." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-435099.

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In the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus, the female is the larger sex and the male is the smaller sex. However, males that are almost as large as females can also occur, which is due to a specific Y chromosome haplotype. This Y chromosome polymorphism is not expected since the Y chromosome does not recombine and has lost genetic variation as a consequence. Nevertheless, the Y chromosome manages to maintain this polymorphism. Thus, the questions asked are how this occurs and how the large male Y haplotype persists to exist since previous studies have shown how small males have the higher fi
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Books on the topic "Fitness traits"

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Yeung, Douglas. Spiritual fitness and resilience: A review of relevant constructs, measures, and links to well-being. Rand Corporation, 2013.

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M, Arias Irwin, Frenkel M, and Wilson J. H. P, eds. The Liver annual: A series of critical surveys of the international literature. Elsevier, 1987.

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Robson, Sean. Psychological fitness and resilience: A review of relevant constructs, measures, and links to well-being. RAND Corporation, 2014.

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Matthys, Heinrich, and W. Seeger. Klinische Pneumologie. 4th ed. Springer Medizin, 2008.

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Parker, James N., and Philip M. Parker. The official patient's sourcebook on urinary tract infection. Icon Health Publications, 2002.

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1927-, Murray John F., and Mason Robert J, eds. Murray & Nadel's textbook of respiratory medicine. 5th ed. Elsevier Saunders, 2010.

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Bruce, Cara. The first year--hepatitis C: An essential guide for the newly diagnosed. Marlowe, 2002.

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Lisa, Montanarelli, ed. The first year--hepatitis C: An essential guide for the newly diagnosed. Marlowe, 2002.

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Parker, Philip M., and James N. Parker. Urinary tract infections: A medical dictionary, bibliography and annotated research guide to Internet references. ICON Health Publications, 2004.

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Wilmott, R. W. (Robert W.), ed. Kendig and Chernick's disorders of the respiratory tract in children. 8th ed. Saunders/Elsevier, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fitness traits"

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Gravelat, Fabrice N., Steven R. Strain, and Mark W. Silby. "Fitness Traits in Soil Bacteria." In Frontiers in Antimicrobial Resistance. ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555817572.ch32.

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Goddard, Michael. "Fitness Traits in Animal Breeding Programs." In Adaptation and Fitness in Animal Populations. Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9005-9_3.

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Stoks, Robby, Lizanne Janssens, Vienna Delnat, Janne Swaegers, Nedim Tüzün, and Julie Verheyen. "Adaptive and Maladaptive Consequences of Larval Stressors for Metamorphic and Postmetamorphic Traits and Fitness." In Development Strategies and Biodiversity. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90131-8_7.

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Klisz, Marcin, Debojyoti Chakraborty, Branislav Cvjetković, et al. "Functional Traits of Boreal Species and Adaptation to Local Conditions." In Advances in Global Change Research. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15988-6_12.

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AbstractSpecies continuity under the harsh climatic conditions of the boreal forest requires trees to ensure the functioning of two main life processes, namely growth and reproduction. However, species survival becomes a challenge when environmental conditions become unstable and reach the taxa’s ecological tolerance limit. Survival in an unstable environment is possible through the concurring processes of phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation; each process has its advantages and shortcomings. Local adaptation allows attaining the best possible fitness under conditions of limited gene flo
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Gailing, Oliver, Katharina Birgit Budde, Ludger Leinemann, Markus Müller, and Selina Wilhelmi. "Genetic Connectivity and Local Adaptation of Forest Trees in the Face of Climate Change." In Ecological Connectivity of Forest Ecosystems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-82206-3_5.

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Abstract The long-term survival of populations depends on genetic variation in traits related to survival and reproductive fitness. The polygenic architecture of traits is thought to facilitate adaptive shifts, but whether tree species will be able to adapt to the currently rapidly changing climatic conditions remains a subject of debate. On the other hand, trees are characterized by considerable phenotypic plasticity that allows them to grow under different or variable environmental conditions caused by global climate change. Phenotypic plasticity may thus help populations survive by “buying
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Dzal, Yvonne A., Allyson K. Menzies, Quinn M. R. Webber, and Craig K. R. Willis. "Torpor and Tinbergen: Integrating Physiological and Behavioral Traits with Ontogeny, Phylogenetic History, Survival and Fitness to Understand Heterothermy in Bats." In 50 Years of Bat Research. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54727-1_14.

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"Physical Fitness: Health-Related Fitness Components and Traits." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine. Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_1641.

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Lank, David B. "Heritability of quantitative traits." In The Snow Geese Of La Pérouse Bay. Oxford University PressOxford, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198540649.003.0008.

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Abstract In the most traditional view, heritability is the proportion of total phenotypic variance attributable to additive genetic variance. The latter results from segregation of alleles with additive effects. Other contributors to total variance include dominance, epistatic and environmental effects and covariances and interactions among all these factors (Falconer 1989). Additive genetic variance is the basis of Fisher’s Fundamental Theorem —’the rate of increase in fitness of any organism at any time is equal to its [additive] genetic variance in fitness at that time’. When factors other
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Stearns, Stephen C. "Demography: Age And Stage Structure." In The Evolution Of Life Histories. Oxford University PressOxford, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198577416.003.0003.

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Abstract Demography, the key to life history theory, allows us to calculate the strength of selection on life history traits for many conditions. This chapter presents the tools needed: age, size, and stage-specific schedules of reproduction and mortality; the Euler—Lotka equation relating life history traits to fitness; the matrix representation of that equation that generalizes it to populations classified by stage and size as well as by age; and the sensitivity and elasticity of fitness to changes in life history traits. The chapter is technical, but the insights it offers are worth the eff
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Bloomfield, Paul. "Function, Fitness, Flourishing." In The Oxford Handbook of Moral Realism. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190068226.013.9.

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Abstract A naturalistic theory of moral realism, based on ancient Greek eudaimonism, is presented using concepts from biological and evolutionary theory. The general empirical claim is that each species evolves traits which promote flourishing in those individual members who develop them. Using biological analogies, Plato (Repub 352d–354c) and Aristotle (NE 1097b21–1098a20) gave their ergon arguments defending the functional excellence of the virtues and their central role in making human lives flourish. A new version of these arguments is based on a contemporary understanding of biological fu
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Conference papers on the topic "Fitness traits"

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Alshawmar, Moayad, Bengisu Tulu, and Adrienne Hall-Phillips. "Influence of Personality Traits on the Continued Use of Fitness Apps." In Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2022.478.

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Richardson, Leif. "Mycorrhizal fungi alter floral traits important to pollination, bee fitness, and crop yield." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94283.

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Petsinis, Petros, Andreas Pavlogiannis, Josef Tkadlec, and Panagiotis Karras. "Seed Selection in the Heterogeneous Moran Process." In Thirty-Third International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-24}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2024/254.

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The Moran process is a classic stochastic process that models the rise and takeover of novel traits in network-structured populations. In biological terms, a set of mutants, each with fitness m ∈ (0, ∞) invade a population of residents with fitness 1. Each agent reproduces at a rate proportional to its fitness and each offspring replaces a random network neighbor. The process ends when the mutants either fixate (take over the whole population) or go extinct. The fixation probability measures the success of the invasion. To account for environmental heterogeneity, we study a generalization of t
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Walker, Holly Lynn. "Differences in fitness traits between E and Z pheromone races of European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis, on different host plants." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.111513.

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Blount, Drew. "Identifying Adaptations by Measuring the Trait Derivative of Fitness." In Artificial Life 14: International Conference on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems. The MIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/978-0-262-32621-6-ch009.

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Blount, Drew. "Identifying Adaptations by Measuring the Trait Derivative of Fitness." In Artificial Life 14: International Conference on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems. The MIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/978-0-262-32621-6-ch009.

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Das, Sayan, Shreyashi Roy, Bishal Kumar Ghosh, and Raja Karmakar. "Advanced Handwriting Analysis for Trait Assessment and Health Fitness Prediction." In 2024 2nd International Conference on Advancement in Computation & Computer Technologies (InCACCT). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/incacct61598.2024.10551136.

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Di Martino, Emanuela, and Lee Hsiang Liow. "TRAIT-FITNESS ASSOCIATIONS DO NOT PREDICT WITHIN-SPECIES PHENOTYPIC EVOLUTION OVER 2 MILLION YEARS." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-355821.

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Tragos, Elias, Diarmuid O'Reilly-Morgan, James Geraci, et al. "Keeping People Active and Healthy at Home Using a Reinforcement Learning-based Fitness Recommendation Framework." In Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-23}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/692.

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Recent years have seen a rise in smartphone applications promoting health and well being. We argue that there is a large and unexplored ground within the field of recommender systems (RS) for applications that promote good personal health. During the COVID-19 pandemic, with gyms being closed, the demand for at-home fitness apps increased as users wished to maintain their physical and mental health. However, maintaining long-term user engagement with fitness applications has proved a difficult task. Personalisation of the app recommendations that change over time can be a key factor for maintai
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Li, Sean, and Andrew Park. "An Intelligent Fitness Posture Correction and Suggestion System for Visually Impaired using Computer Science and IoT System (Internet of Things)." In 10th International Conference on Natural Language Computing. Academy & Industry Research Collaboration Center, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2024.142104.

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Visual impairments are an unfortunate trait that can be obtained during birth, unexpected incidents, or natural causes like age. These reasons shouldn’t be the determining factor of whether the individual can remain physically healthy or not. Our goal is to provide an assistant to improve fitness journeys of those who need guidance on form and varieties of exercises. We intend to solve these problems with a dedicated fitness device that has voice guidance and a built-in camera to help lead users into building good exercise habits to prevent the risk of injury and help them remain in their best
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Reports on the topic "Fitness traits"

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Lindow, Steven, Isaac Barash, and Shulamit Manulis. Relationship of Genes Conferring Epiphytic Fitness and Internal Multiplication in Plants in Erwinia herbicola. United States Department of Agriculture, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573065.bard.

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Most bacterial plant pathogens colonize the surface of healthy plants as epiphytes before colonizing internally and initiating disease. The epiphytic phase of these pathogens is thus an important aspect of their epidemiology and a stage at which chemical and biological control is aimed. However, little is known of the genes and phenotypes that contribute to the ability of bacteria to grow on leaves and survive the variable physical environment in this habitat. In addition, while genes such as hrp awr and others which confer pathogenicity and in planta growth ability have been described, their
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Zanoni, Wladimir, and Raissa Fabregas. The Migrant Penalty in Latin America: Experimental Evidence from Job Recruiters. Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013222.

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We conducted an artifactual field experiment with human resource recruiters in Ecuador to investigate the extent to which migrants are penalized in the labor market. Human resource recruiters were hired to evaluate pairs of job candidates competing for jobs. The candidate profiles were observationally equivalent, except that one was randomly assigned to be a Venezuelan migrant. Recruiters assessed job fitness, proposed wages for each candidate, and made hiring recommendations. We find robust evidence of a penalty against migrants across all dimensions. Venezuelans are penalized despite being f
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Fridman, Eyal, Jianming Yu, and Rivka Elbaum. Combining diversity within Sorghum bicolor for genomic and fine mapping of intra-allelic interactions underlying heterosis. United States Department of Agriculture, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597925.bard.

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Heterosis, the enigmatic phenomenon in which whole genome heterozygous hybrids demonstrate superior fitness compared to their homozygous parents, is the main cornerstone of modern crop plant breeding. One explanation for this non-additive inheritance of hybrids is interaction of alleles within the same locus. This proposal aims at screening, identifying and investigating heterosis trait loci (HTL) for different yield traits by implementing a novel integrated mapping approach in Sorghum bicolor as a model for other crop plants. Originally, the general goal of this research was to perform a gene
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4

Stern, David, and Gadi Schuster. Manipulation of Gene Expression in the Chloroplast. United States Department of Agriculture, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575289.bard.

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The steady-state level of a given mRNA is determined by its rates of transcription and degradation. The stabilities of chloroplast mRNAs vary during plant development, in part regulating gene expression. Furthermore, the fitness of the organelle depends on its ability to destroy non-functional transcripts. In addition, there is a resurgent interest by the biotechnology community in chloroplast transformation due to the public concerns over pollen transmission of introduced traits or foreign proteins. Therefore, studies into basic gene expression mechanisms in the chloroplast will open the door
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5

Gottlieb, Yuval, and Bradley A. Mullens. Might Bacterial Symbionts Influence Vectorial Capacity of Biting Midges for Ruminant Viruses? United States Department of Agriculture, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7699837.bard.

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- Original objectives and revision: The feasibility study performed in the last year was aimed at determining the symbiotic profiles of eight selected Culicoidesspecies in Israel and the USA by: Comparing bacterial communities among geographic populations of primary bluetongue virus (BTV) vectors. Comparing bacterial communities between adults of field-collected, mammal-feeding BTV vectors and non-vectors. Comparing bacterial communities within and between mammal feeders and bird feeders, with special attention to species with unique immature habitats. We made an effort to collect the eight sp
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