Academic literature on the topic 'Fixed route transit systems'

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Journal articles on the topic "Fixed route transit systems"

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Denson, Carol R. "Transitioning to Fixed-Route Services." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1623, no. 1 (1998): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1623-06.

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By 2002, it is expected that all fixed-route transportation systems in the United States will be accessible to people with disabilities. This is heralded as good news for riders who have been limited to traveling via special services (i.e., paratransit) and transit providers concerned with the cost of such services. Such optimism assumes—perhaps erroneously—that many riders will shift from paratransit to the newly accessible fixed-route systems. A survey was conducted that reveals that riders are generally satisfied with the service they receive and—despite imminent accessibility—are not eager
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Shih, Mao-Chang, Hani S. Mahmassani, and M. Hadi Baaj. "Planning and Design Model for Transit Route Networks with Coordinated Operations." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1623, no. 1 (1998): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1623-03.

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A heuristic model is presented for the design of bus transit networks with coordinated operations. Different from past solution methodologies focusing on conventional uncoordinated transit systems, this model addresses the design of transit networks with coordinated operations, using a transit center concept and incorporating a trip assignment model explicitly developed for coordinated (timed-transfer) systems. In addition, this model determines the appropriate vehicle size for each bus route and incorporates demand-responsive capabilities to meet demand that cannot be served effectely by fixe
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Koushki, P. A., G. A. Ali, and Y. A. Al-Nuaim. "Calibration of Transit Operations Planning (TOP) Model and Evaluation of Bus Transit Route Performance in Riyadh." Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 2 (December 1, 1997): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/squjs.vol2iss0pp5-16.

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Public transit systems provide mobility for a large percentage of urban residents very cost-effectively and with minimum negative impact on the environment. ln spite of their vital and indispensable services; however , The majority of transit systems worldwide suffer from financial neglect and are forced to rely heavily on government subsidies for survival. In response to the rapidly shrinking funds and subsidy levels transit managements have to focus attention on ways to improve service operations. The management of public transit systems in Saudi Arabia is no exception to this trend. This st
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Chavis, Celeste, and Vikash V. Gayah. "Development of a Mode Choice Model for General Purpose Flexible-Route Transit Systems." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2650, no. 1 (2017): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2650-16.

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This study developed a mode choice model that can be used to describe how transit users select emerging competitive transit options. Specifically, the mode choice model considers the selection of traditional fixed-route transit systems, flexible-route systems in which vehicles are shared but routes are flexible to prevailing demands, and individual transit systems that provide door-to-door and demand-responsive service (e.g., taxis, Uber, or Lyft). A stated preference survey was performed: survey participants were provided a specific scenario and were asked to select the most attractive transi
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Wang, Yabin, Qiangqiang Li, Zhenfeng Han, and Jin Zhang. "Coordinated Optimization of Feeder Flex-Route Transit Scheduling for Urban Rail Systems." Applied Sciences 15, no. 8 (2025): 4342. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15084342.

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Given the distinct operational features of flex-route transit (FRT) compared to conventional fixed-route systems, this study integrates FRT with urban rail transit and proposes a collaborative optimization approach for feeder flex-route operations and scheduling. The model incorporates path planning, timetable design, and vehicle scheduling to minimize travel costs, enhance operational efficiency, and improve service quality. A mixed-integer nonlinear programming method is applied to optimize scheduling while aligning with rail timetables and passenger transfer behavior. Simulation experiments
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Wang, Siqing, Jian Wang, Lang Song, Zhipeng Niu, and Xiaowei Hu. "Design of Two-Regional Flexible-Route Bus Systems considering Interregional Demands." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (July 14, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9372011.

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The flexible-route bus system is a type of dynamic public transit service. Routes and timetables are not fixed during the operation process, and driving routes are planned according to passengers’ reservation needs. This study develops a model that considers inter-regional travel demands. The optimal network layout is determined by minimizing an objective function that comprises operator and user costs. Then, two cases with and without loop-line buses are analyzed. In the case of the joint optimal solution, the parameter values of region side width, region angle, and cost components are compar
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Sueyoshi, Chinasa, Hideya Takagi, Yoshihiro Yasutake, and Kentaro Inenaga. "Building and Publishing Fundamental Transit Data for Regional Public Transportation Provided by Municipalities." MATEC Web of Conferences 308 (2020): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030801005.

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Public transportation is becoming increasingly important in regions where the residential population is decreasing. In Japan, many regional transportation systems are experiencing financial challenges. It is difficult for fixed-route transportation systems to operate at a surplus when serving only local resident users. We consider one of the problems of these regional public transport systems to be the lack of information on the Internet about regional public transportation routes. For people who are unfamiliar with the region, such as inbound tourists, there is no easy way to conduct a route
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Zhang, Jin, Wenquan Li, Guoqing Wang, and Jingcai Yu. "Feasibility Study of Transferring Shared Bicycle Users with Commuting Demand to Flex-Route Transit—A Case Study of Nanjing City, China." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (2021): 6067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116067.

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Shared bicycle users with commuting purposes generally need to take a traditional public transit and then use the shared bicycle to complete the first/last mile transport. While shared bicycle provides convenient travel for travelers, it also brings a series of problems such as disorderly parking and road occupancy. Therefore, exploring the problem of travel mode shift between shared bicycle and public transit is of significance for improving the traffic environment and increasing the sharing rate of public transit. This paper introduces the flex-route transit system and quantitatively analyze
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Zheng, Yue, Wenquan Li, and Feng Qiu. "A Methodology for Choosing between Route Deviation and Point Deviation Policies for Flexible Transit Services." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (August 12, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6292410.

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Flexible transit services, which bring together the characteristics of fixed-route transit and demand-responsive transit, have been proven to be cost-efficient in low-density residential areas. In this paper, a methodology is proposed to assist planners in making better decisions when choosing between route deviation policy and point deviation policy, which are two promising types of flexible transit services. A user cost function is developed to measure the service quality of the transit systems, and analytical models are constructed to compare the system performance under both expected and u
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Hoonsiri, Chinnawat, Siriluk Chiarakorn, and Vasin Kiattikomol. "Using Combined Bus Rapid Transit and Buses in a Dedicated Bus Lane to Enhance Urban Transportation Sustainability." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (2021): 3052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063052.

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Combined bus rapid transit and buses in a dedicated bus lane (CBBD) is a measure that bus rapid transit (BRT) operators implement to reduce overlapping routes between BRT and fixed-route buses. The CBBD measure can combine the passengers of both systems on the same route, which helps increase passenger demand for the BRT, and reduce fuel consumption and emissions from utilizing the exclusive lanes for the combined route. However, the CBBD could affect some bus and BRT passengers in terms of either losing or gaining travel time-saving benefits depending on their travel pattern. This research pr
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fixed route transit systems"

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Lindén, Philip. "Improving accessibility to the bus service : Building an accessibility measurement tool in QGIS." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185145.

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Satisfactory public transportation (PT) should enable people to reach attractive destinations and desired activities fast, comfortably, safely, and affordably. When PT fails to do so it will have negative effects on the overall accessibility in a society. Evaluating a PT system essentially means measuring to what extent the demand from the users is met, and for such an analysis understanding the concept of accessibility is paramount. Whether an individual will experience a high or a low level of accessibility will likely depend on their personal capabilities, as well as on the surrounding envi
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Edwards, Derek L. "Designing optimal demand-responsive transportation feeder systems and comparing performance in heterogeneous environments." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52230.

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The goal of this research is to develop a method of objectively comparing and optimizing the performance of demand-responsive transportation systems in heterogeneous environments. Demand-responsive transportation refers to modes of transportation that do not follow fixed routes or schedules, including taxis, paratransit, deviated-route services, ride sharing as well as other modes. Heterogeneous environments are transportation environments in which streets do not follow regular patterns, passenger behavior is difficult to model, and transit schedules and layouts are non-uniform. An example
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Lee, Jennifer Ann. "Evaluating ITS Investments in Public Transportation: A Proposed Framework and Plan for the OmniLink Route Deviation Service." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34416.

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When implementing an intelligent transportation system (ITS), stakeholders often overlook the importance of evaluating the system once it is in place. Determining the extent to which the objectives of an investment have been met is important to not only the agency involved, but also to other agencies, so that lessons are learned and mistakes are not repeated in future projects. An effective evaluation allows a transit provider to identify and address areas that could use improvement. Agencies implementing ITS investments often have different goals, needs, and concerns that they hope their p
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Simard, Stephanie. "The Development and Deployment of a GIS tool for Transit Network Design." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/5182.

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Public transportation contributes to sustainable transportation in urban areas. Unfortunately, in some cases public transit systems have been underperforming. Over the years, factors such as urban sprawl and the increase in private vehicle ownership have led to challenges for public transportation providers. The lack of investment in transit infrastructure has resulted in transit agencies being under resourced which further limit the agencies’ ability to respond. Realizing the need to change and move towards a more sustainable and balanced transportation system, governments have begun to inves
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"Data organization for routing on the multi-modal public transportation system: a GIS-T prototype of Hong Kong Island." 2001. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5890808.

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Yu Hongbo.<br>Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-138).<br>Abstracts in English and Chinese.<br>ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH --- p.i-ii<br>ABSTRACT IN CHINESE --- p.iii<br>ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iv-v<br>TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vi-viii<br>LIST OF TABLES --- p.ix<br>LIST OF FIGURES --- p.x-xi<br>Chapter CHAPTER I --- INTRODUCTION<br>Chapter 1.1 --- Problem Statement --- p.1<br>Chapter 1.2 --- Research Purpose --- p.5<br>Chapter 1.3 --- Significance --- p.7<br>Chapter 1.4 --- Methodology --- p.8<br>Chapter 1.5 --- Outline of
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Books on the topic "Fixed route transit systems"

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United States. Joint Program Office for Intelligent Transportation Systems, ed. Better service--safer service: Transit management for fixed-route systems. Intelligent Transportation Systems, U.S. Dept. of Transportation, 1998.

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United States. Joint Program Office for Intelligent Transportation Systems, ed. Better service--safer service: Transit management for fixed-route systems. Intelligent Transportation Systems, U.S. Dept. of Transportation, 1998.

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United States. Joint Program Office for Intelligent Transportation Systems., ed. Better service--safer service: Transit management for fixed-route systems. Intelligent Transportation Systems, U.S. Dept. of Transportation, 1998.

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United States. Joint Program Office for Intelligent Transportation Systems., ed. Better service--safer service: Transit management for fixed-route systems. Intelligent Transportation Systems, U.S. Dept. of Transportation, 1998.

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United States. Joint Program Office for Intelligent Transportation Systems., ed. Better service--safer service: Transit management for fixed-route systems. Intelligent Transportation Systems, U.S. Dept. of Transportation, 1998.

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United States. Joint Program Office for Intelligent Transportation Systems, ed. Better service--safer service: Transit management for fixed-route systems. Intelligent Transportation Systems, U.S. Dept. of Transportation, 1998.

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District, Greater Bridgeport Transit. Joint development and fixed route bus systems: Experience in Bridgeport, Connecticut. U.S. Dept. of Transportation, 1985.

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Anderson, Lance, Candace Blair Cronin, Daniel Fien-Helfman, et al. Guidebook for Recruiting, Developing, and Retaining Transit Managers for Fixed-Route Bus and Paratransit Systems. National Academies Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/14417.

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Boyle, Daniel. Contracting Fixed-Route Bus Transit Service. Transportation Research Board, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/25102.

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Weiner, Richard. Integration of paratransit and fixed-route transit services. Transportation Research Board, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fixed route transit systems"

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Li, Yihua, Jean-Marc Rousseau, and Fujun Wu. "Real-Time Scheduling on a Transit Bus Route." In Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85968-7_15.

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Shen, Jin-xing, Yu-han Zhou, Ya-nan Liu, and Feng Qiu. "A Service-Based Fare Policy for Flex-Route Transit Services." In Green Intelligent Transportation Systems. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0302-9_9.

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Israeli, Yechezkel, and Avishai Ceder. "Transit Route Design Using Scheduling and Multiobjective Programming Techniques." In Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57762-8_5.

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Zeng, Tian, and Sida Luo. "Optimal Design of Fixed-Route Transit and Point-to-Point Transit Network Considering Layout of Expressway Network." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-9644-1_3.

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Khanzad, Iran, Seyedehsan Seyedabrishami, Mohsen Nazemi, and Amirali Zarrinmehr. "Transit Network Design Problem: An Expansion of the Route Generation Algorithm." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57105-8_8.

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Kozłowski, Edward. "Problem of Optimal Route Determining for Linear Systems with Fixed Horizon." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01857-7_62.

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Gummadi, Reshma, and Sreenivasa Reddy Edara. "Analysis of Passenger Flow Prediction of Transit Buses Along a Route Based on Time Series." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7563-6_4.

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Keil, Julian, Frank Dickmann, and Lars Kuchinke. "Effects of Landmark Position and Design in VGI-Based Maps on Visual Attention and Cognitive Processing." In Volunteered Geographic Information. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35374-1_8.

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AbstractLandmarks play a crucial role in map reading and in the formation of mental spatial models. Especially when following a route to get to a fixed destination, landmarks are crucial orientation aids. Which objects from the multitude of spatial objects in an environment are suitable as landmarks and, for example, can be automatically displayed in navigation systems has hardly been clarified. The analysis of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) offers the possibility of no longer having to separate methodologically between active and passive salience of landmarks in order to gain insigh
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Nakanishi, Tomoko M. "Visualization of 14C-labeled Gas Fixation in a Plant." In Novel Plant Imaging and Analysis. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4992-6_5.

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AbstractWe targeted not only the elements we can supply to the nutrient solution but also carbon dioxide gas to visualize the fixation process and the movement of assimilated carbon in a plant. This is another highlight of our study using real-time RI imaging systems (RRIS). The interesting result was that the route of assimilated carbon was different depending on where the fixation took place. In Arabidopsis, most of the metabolites after photosynthesis were transferred to the tip of the main internode and roots when 14CO2 gas was fixed and photosynthates were produced at rosette leaves, wher
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Shier, Douglas R. "Reliability covering problems." In Network Reliability and Algebraic Structures. Oxford University PressOxford, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198533863.003.0007.

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Abstract This chapter studies a type of reliability problem in which a given set S needs to be covered by certain of its subsets. The subsets are available for use on a random and independent basis with known probabilities. It is of interest to calculate the probability that the entire set S is ‘covered’ by the operating subsets: i.e., every element of Sis present in some available subset. As an example of such a problem, consider a mass transit system containing a number of bus routes and the stops they serve. Because of maintenance or staffing problems, a particular bus route might not alway
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Conference papers on the topic "Fixed route transit systems"

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Deschênes, Anthony, Raphaël Boudreault, Jonathan Gaudreault, and Claude-Guy Quimper. "A Mixed-Integer Programming Approach for an Extended Fixed Route Hybrid Electric Aircraft Charging Problem." In 14th International Conference on Operations Research and Enterprise Systems. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5220/0013103400003893.

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Charalambous, Charalambos, Ian Cotton, and Pete Aylott. "The Influence of Soil Characteristics on Coupling between DC Traction Systems and Buried Utilities." In CORROSION 2007. NACE International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2007-07645.

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Abstract The production of stray currents by DC Light Rail Systems leads to the corrosion of the supporting and third party infrastructure in close proximity to the rail system. This paper focuses on the impact of earthing topologies on the level of corrosion that will be observed on buried structures in the proximity of a transit system. The work describes a modeling technique that can be applied to predict the level of stray current (and hence corrosion damage) in a DC traction system where the soil resistivity varies along the route of the transit system, vertically as well as horizontally.
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Lazzari, L., M. Ormellese, F. Duranti, and P. Fabbri. "Stray Current Control by a New Approach Based on True Potential Monitoring." In CORROSION 2007. NACE International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2007-07041.

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Abstract In presence of stray current interference due to DC transit systems, CP is operated at so-called “constant potential” condition. This technique consists of a continuous measurement of the pipeline potential by a fixed reference electrode, and the use of such measured potential to pilot the feeder dynamically, in order to maintain that potential constant. An accurate analysis of this technique reveals that what is maintained constant is IR drop in soil rather than the true potential of the structure. On the basis of this evidence, a new approach was investigated, consisting on two step
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Stanzione, Kaydon, and Diane Johnston. "Augusta Regional Airport Preparation for Transformative VTOL Air Vehicle Operations." In Vertical Flight Society 81st Annual Forum and Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0081-2025-132.

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The emergence of electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing (eVTOL) air vehicles is transforming how people and freight are moved in short distances. This transformation has a profound impact on surrounding infrastructure necessary to provide Aircraft On Ground support for eVTOLs. The hover capabilities of eVTOLs have similar operating characteristics within terminal and uncontrolled airspace. However, the need to conserve battery energy via rapid approaches and departures affects terminal airspace management. To attract eVTOL operators, existing airports, landing zones, and vertiports are modifyin
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Li, Hanlin, Xiaowei Wu, Leong Hou U, and Kun Pang Kou. "Near-Optimal Fixed-Route Scheduling for Crowdsourced Transit System." In 2021 IEEE 37th International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icde51399.2021.00236.

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Forde, S. "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - the route to compliance for railway fixed power supplies from a contractor's view point." In International Conference on Developments in Mass Transit Systems. IEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19980116.

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Sun, Chunyang, Zike Shao, Yuxiang Shi, and Yue Zheng. "Comparison and selection of feeder transit between flex-route transit and fixed-route transit." In International Conference on Smart Transportation and City Engineering, edited by Zhengliang Li, Xiaoyan Chen, Kaichen Yan, Fengjie Cen, Liyuan Peng, and Nan Lin. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2614358.

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Banerjee, Subharthi, Michael Hempel, Pejman Ghasemzadeh, Naji Albakay, and Hamid Sharif. "High Speed Train Wireless Communication: Handover Performance Analysis for Different Radio Access Technologies." In 2019 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2019-1247.

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High Speed Trains (HST) face some of the most stringent requirements for ensuring passenger safety and comfort while operating at very high velocities. HST wireless communication systems therefore similarly require special considerations for network design, technology selection and system implementation. For infrastructure-based wireless communications, a handover occurs whenever a radio transitions from the coverage of the current base station to the next base station. The faster the train moves the shorter the time that it spends under coverage area before a handover is required. For HST thi
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Arif Khan, Muhammad, Roya Etminani-Ghasrodashti, Sharareh Kermanshachi, Jay Michael Rosenberger, Ann Foss, and Greg Hladik. "Demand-Responsive Transit (DRT) Services vs. Fixed Route Transit: An Exploratory Study of University Students." In International Conference on Transportation and Development 2022. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784484371.008.

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Meneses Cime, Karina, Levent Guvenc, and Bilin Aksun Guvenc. "Shared Autonomous Vehicle Mobility for a Transportation Underserved City." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-0048.

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&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper proposes the use of an on-demand, ride hailed and ride-Shared Autonomous Vehicle (SAV) service as a feasible solution to serve the mobility needs of a small city where fixed route, circulator type public transportation may be too expensive to operate. The presented work builds upon our earlier work that modeled the city of Marysville, Ohio as an example of such a city, with realistic traffic behavior, and trip requests. A simple SAV dispatcher is implemented to model the behavior of the proposed on-demand mobi
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Reports on the topic "Fixed route transit systems"

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Mistretta, Mark. Fixed Route Transit Scheduling in Florida: The State of the Industry. University of South Florida, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/cutr-nctr-rr-2003-12.

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Niles, John S., and J. M. Pogodzinski. Steps to Supplement Park-and-Ride Public Transit Access with Ride-and-Ride Shuttles. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1950.

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Public transit ridership in California declined in the five years before the pandemic of 2020–21 and dropped significantly further after the pandemic began. A sharp downward step in the level of transit boarding occurred after February 2020, and continues to the date of this report as a result of the public-health guidance on social distancing, expanded work-at-home, and a travel mode shift from public transit to private cars. A critical issue has come to the foreground of public transportation policy, namely, how to increase the quality and geographic reach of transit service to better serve
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Oladunjoye, Odunayo, Charles Adams, and Augustus Ababio-Donkor. A Systematic Review on Rapid Transit or Fixed Route Capacity Bus Integration with Paratransit or Feeder Services in the Global South. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2025. https://doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2025.7.0020.

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DeRobertis, Michelle, Christopher E. Ferrell, Richard W. Lee, and David Moore. City Best Practices to Improve Transit Operations and Safety. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1951.

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Public, fixed-route transit services most commonly operate on public streets. In addition, transit passengers must use sidewalks to access transit stops and stations. However, streets and sidewalks are under the jurisdiction of municipalities, not transit agencies. Various municipal policies, practices, and decisions affect transit operations, rider convenience, and passenger safety. Thus, these government entities have an important influence over the quality, safety, and convenience of transit services in their jurisdictions. This research identified municipal policies and practices that affe
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Rodier, Caroline, Andrea Broaddus, Miguel Jaller, Jeffery Song, Joschka Bischoff, and Yunwan Zhang. Cost-Benefit Analysis of Novel Access Modes: A Case Study in the San Francisco Bay Area. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1816.

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The first-mile, last-mile problem is a significant deterrent for potential transit riders, especially in suburban neighborhoods with low density. Transit agencies have typically sought to solve this problem by adding parking spaces near transit stations and adding stops to connect riders to fixed-route transit. However, these measures are often only short-term solutions. In the last few years, transit agencies have tested whether new mobility services, such as ridehailing, ridesharing, and microtransit, can offer fast, reliable connections to and from transit stations. However, there is limite
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Chandra, Shailesh, and Vivek Mishra. Optimizing Multimodal Transportation Access to Support Commuting Among Low-Income Transit Riders with Social Distancing. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2140.

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During the COVID-19 pandemic, LA Metro has encouraged social distancing among passengers—especially at stations of high-demand routes—and has increased fixed-route transit (FRT) services. However, potential impacts of social distancing on the performance of FRT services remain mostly unknown. This research evaluates the accessibility of FRT buses with social distancing using the ridership data collected on four FRT routes: 105, 108, 111, and 115 of the LA Metro's A Line stations located in low-income neighborhoods. This research shows that social distancing of six feet can impact FRT's accessi
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Scholl, Lynn, Felipe Bedoya-Maya, Orlando Sabogal-Cardona, and Daniel Oviedo. Making the Links between Ride-hailing and Public Transit Ridership: Impacts in Medium and Large Colombian Cities. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003697.

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As transit ridership continues to fall in many cities across the globe, key policy debates continue around whether Uber and other ride-hailing services are contributing to this trend. This research explores the effects of the introduction of ride-hailing to Colombian cities on public transportation ridership using Ubers timeline as case study. We test the hypothesis that ride-hailing may either substitute or compete with public transit, particularly in cities with large transit service gaps in coverage or quality. Our analysis builds on historic transit ridership data from national authorities
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Videa, Aldo, and Yiyi Wang. Inference of Transit Passenger Counts and Waiting Time Using Wi-Fi Signals. Western Transportation Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/1715288737.

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Passenger data such as real-time origin-destination (OD) flows and waiting times are central to planning public transportation services and improving visitor experience. This project explored the use of Internet of Things (IoT) Technology to infer transit ridership and waiting time at bus stops. Specifically, this study explored the use of Raspberry Pi computers, which are small and inexpensive sets of hardware, to scan the Wi-Fi networks of passengers’ smartphones. The process was used to infer passenger counts and obtain information on passenger trajectories based on Global Positioning Syste
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