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Journal articles on the topic 'Fluent and non-fluent speech'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Bonilha, Leonardo, Argye E. Hillis, Janina Wilmskoetter, et al. "Neural structures supporting spontaneous and assisted (entrained) speech fluency." Brain 142, no. 12 (2019): 3951–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awz309.

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Abstract Non-fluent speech is one of the most common impairments in post-stroke aphasia. The rehabilitation of non-fluent speech in aphasia is particularly challenging as patients are rarely able to produce and practice fluent speech production. Speech entrainment is a behavioural technique that enables patients with non-fluent aphasia to speak fluently. However, its mechanisms are not well understood and the level of improved fluency with speech entrainment varies among individuals with non-fluent aphasia. In this study, we evaluated the behavioural and neuroanatomical factors associated with

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2

Bird, Helen, and Sue Franklin. "Cinderella revisited: A comparison of fluent and non-fluent aphasic speech." Journal of Neurolinguistics 9, no. 3 (1996): 187–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0911-6044(96)00006-1.

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3

Ash, Sharon, Peachie Moore, Luisa Vesely, et al. "Non-fluent speech in frontotemporal lobar degeneration." Journal of Neurolinguistics 22, no. 4 (2009): 370–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2008.12.001.

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4

Ash, Sharon, Corey McMillan, Delani Gunawardena, et al. "Speech errors in progressive non-fluent aphasia." Brain and Language 113, no. 1 (2010): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2009.12.001.

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5

Raczek, Barbara, and Bogdan Adamczyk. "Concentration of Carbon Dioxide in Exhaled Air in Fluent and Non-Fluent Speech." Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica 56, no. 2 (2004): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000076059.

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6

Runyan, Charles M., and Sara Elizabeth Runyan. "A Fluency Rules Therapy Program for Young Children in the Public Schools." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 17, no. 4 (1986): 276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.1704.276.

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This article presents a "fluency rules" therapy program designed specifically for young children who stutter. This treatment program, which consists of seven rules for fluent speech production, was developed and pilot tested in a public school environment. Preliminary results based on nine children indicate that the Fluency Rules Program is effective in producing fluent speech and the children's speech production remained fluent for a 1–2 year period.

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7

Osborne, John. "Fluency, complexity and informativeness in native and non-native speech." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 16, no. 2 (2011): 276–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.16.2.06osb.

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Individual speakers vary considerably in their rate of speech, their syntactic choices, and the organization of information in their discourse. This study, based on a corpus of monologue productions from native and non-native speakers of English and French, examines the relations between temporal fluency, syntactic complexity and informational content. The purpose is to identify which features, or combinations of features, are common to more fluent speakers, and which are more idiosyncratic in nature. While the syntax of fluent speakers is not necessarily more complex than that of less fluent

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8

Dayalu, Vikram N., Joseph Kalinowski, and Tim Saltuklaroglu. "Active Inhibition of Stuttering Results in Pseudofluency: A Reply to Craig." Perceptual and Motor Skills 94, no. 3 (2002): 1050–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.94.3.1050.

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Craig discussed fluency outcomes following stuttering therapy that involved retraining the speech system, on the assumption that the speech end product is truly fluent. As previously outlined by Dayalu and Kalinowski, we strongly disagree with the notion that behavioral paradigms can ever result in automatic, long lasting natural sounding fluent speech. Fluent speech is within the grasp of one who stutters as seen in the effects of choral speech and derivatives such as delayed auditory feedback.

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9

Kubicek, Emily, and Lorna C. Quandt. "A Positive Relationship Between Sign Language Comprehension and Mental Rotation Abilities." Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 26, no. 1 (2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enaa030.

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Abstract Past work investigating spatial cognition suggests better mental rotation abilities for those who are fluent in a signed language. However, no prior work has assessed whether fluency is needed to achieve this performance benefit or what it may look like on the neurobiological level. We conducted an electroencephalography experiment and assessed accuracy on a classic mental rotation task given to deaf fluent signers, hearing fluent signers, hearing non-fluent signers, and hearing non-signers. Two of the main findings of the study are as follows: (1) Sign language comprehension and ment

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10

Hazamy, Audrey A., and Jessica Obermeyer. "Evaluating informative content and global coherence in fluent and non‐fluent aphasia." International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders 55, no. 1 (2019): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12507.

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11

Tabossi, P., C. Burani, and D. Scott. "Word Identification in Fluent Speech." Journal of Memory and Language 34, no. 4 (1995): 440–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmla.1995.1020.

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12

Pompino-Marschall, Bernd. "Articulatory reduction in fluent speech." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 7 (December 1, 1996): 151–62. https://doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.7.1996.747.

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The paper reports of an acoustic and perceptual study on reduction of the German word final syllable '-en' [@n] in contrast to single word final [n]. Three utterances of 'ein' and 'einen' were cut from the same sentence utterances of four different speakers and analysed according to their segment durations. In a perception experiment these utterances had to be identified.Statistical analyses revealed that the perception of 'einen' is mainly dependent on the duration of the final [n] segment itself. Detailed analysis of the results however showed that there may be quite complex articulatory reo

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13

Walker, M., R. Shine, and G. Hume. "Spectrographic analysis of fluent speech in normally fluent and stuttering children." Journal of Fluency Disorders 19, no. 3 (1994): 218–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0094-730x(94)90209-7.

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14

Carlomagno, Sergio, and Carla Cristilli. "Semantic attributes of iconic gestures in fluent and non-fluent aphasic adults." Brain and Language 99, no. 1-2 (2006): 104–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2006.06.061.

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15

Ferré, Gaëlle. "Gesture, prosody and verbal content in non-fluent aphasic speech." Multimodal Communication 10, no. 1 (2021): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mc-2020-0016.

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Abstract Non-fluent aphasia is characterized by frequent word search and a much slower speech rate than non-aphasic speech. For patients with this type of aphasia, communication with those around them is therefore made difficult and is often severely impaired. One of the therapeutic proposals to improve the quality of life of these patients is to re-educate them with more multimodal alternatives. This of course assumes that gestures represent possible alternative means of communication for patients, and that their gestures are not affected in the same way as their speech. This article therefor

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16

Johnson, Lisa, Grigori Yourganov, Alexandra Basilakos, et al. "Functional Connectivity and Speech Entrainment Speech Entrainment Improves Connectivity Between Anterior and Posterior Cortical Speech Areas in Non-fluent Aphasia." Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 36, no. 2 (2021): 164–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15459683211064264.

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Background Speech entrainment (SE), the online mimicking of an audio-visual speech model, has been shown to increase speech fluency in individuals with non-fluent aphasia. One theory that may explain why SE improves speech output is that it synchronizes functional connectivity between anterior and posterior language regions to be more similar to that of neurotypical speakers. Objectives The present study tested this by measuring functional connectivity between 2 regions shown to be necessary for speech production, and their right hemisphere homologues, in 24 persons with aphasia compared to 20

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17

Florentine, Mary. "Speech perception in noise by fluent, non‐native listeners." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 77, S1 (1985): S106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2022152.

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18

Mcelduff, Kathleen M., and Sakina S. Drummond. "Communicative functions of automatic speech in non-fluent dysphasia." Aphasiology 5, no. 3 (1991): 265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02687039108248528.

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19

Wanicharoen, Natwipa, Vich Boonrod, Thanasak Kalaysak, and Sirapit Samueanjai. "A systematic review of melodic intonation therapy used by speech therapists on speech recovery for patients with non-fluent aphasia." Journal of Associated Medical Sciences 57, no. 3 (2024): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12982/jams.2024.063.

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Background: Many studies have reported positive results regarding the benefits of melodic intonation therapy (MIT) in patients with non-fluent aphasia. Currently, there is no specific inclusion of speech therapists (STs) in MIT research. Investigating effective speech therapy (ST) techniques to address the language functions hindered by non-fluent aphasia could yield evidence for aphasia rehabilitation research. Objective: This systematic review (SR) examines the effectiveness of the traditional MIT protocol used by STs on speech recovery for patients with non-fluent aphasia after stroke. It a

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20

Henry, Maya L., H. Isabel Hubbard, Stephanie M. Grasso, et al. "Retraining speech production and fluency in non-fluent/agrammatic primary progressive aphasia." Brain 141, no. 6 (2018): 1799–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awy101.

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21

Orgassa, Antje. "Co-speech Gesture in Anomic Aphasia." Toegepaste Taalwetenschap in Artikelen 73 (January 1, 2005): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.73.09org.

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The use of gestures during "normal" speech production is well investigated and understood. In contrast, little systematic research has been carried out to examine gesture behaviour during non-fluent aphasie speech production, which is characterized by considerable anomia and hesitations. However, by comparing gesture behaviour during fluent, hesitant, and anomie speech, gesture research in aphasia can provide insight into a more general question: the nature of the interaction between verbal and manual expression. Furthermore, such research can help to evaluate the usefulness of therapy methods

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22

Lewin, Jan S., Reginald F. Baugh, and Shan R. Baker. "An Objective Method for Prediction of Tracheoesophageal Speech Production." Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 52, no. 3 (1987): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshd.5203.212.

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Current methods of esophageal air insufflation testing to predict postoperative tracheoesophageal speech success lack procedural objectivity and rely on subjective interpretation of the voice production results. A range of intraesophageal pressure measurements was obtained prior to tracheoesophageal (TE) puncture in each of 27 laryngectomized patients in an attempt to predict TE speech outcome. Postoperatively, three levels of speech production were identified. Fluent speakers, nonfluent speakers, and nonspeakers demonstrated low, intermediate, and high intraesophageal pressures, respectively.

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23

Sussman, Harvey M., Courtney T. Byrd, and Barry Guitar. "The integrity of anticipatory coarticulation in fluent and non-fluent tokens of adults who stutter." Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 25, no. 3 (2010): 169–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02699206.2010.517896.

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24

Conklyn, Dwyer B., and Taylor A. Rung Meehan. "Modified Melodic Intonation Therapy for Acquired Non-Fluent Aphasia." Music and Medicine 10, no. 2 (2018): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.47513/mmd.v10i2.590.

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For decades Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT) has shown good potential within the aphasia population, yet has seldom been used as a frontline treatment, rather placed within a myriad of treatment techniques utilized during aphasia therapy. Debate continues regarding the mechanisms of change from MIT, both therapeutically and neurologically. Modified Melodic Intonation Therapy (MMIT) has developed through the work of Music Therapists and, as the main focus of treatment for non-fluent aphasia, can be an effective means of language re-acquisition for improved speech production. Clinical results fr

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25

Small, Larry H. "Front vowel perception in fluent speech." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 81, S1 (1987): S17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2024121.

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26

Kircher, Tilo T. J., Michael J. Brammer, S. C. R. Williams, and Philip K. McGuire. "Lexical retrieval during fluent speech production." NeuroReport 11, no. 18 (2000): 4093–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001756-200012180-00036.

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27

Tseng, Chiu-yu, Shao-huang Pin, Yehlin Lee, Hsin-min Wang, and Yong-cheng Chen. "Fluent speech prosody: Framework and modeling." Speech Communication 46, no. 3-4 (2005): 284–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.specom.2005.03.015.

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28

Świetlicka, Izabela, Wiesława Kuniszyk-Jóźkowiak, and Michał Świetlicki. "Artificial Neural Networks Combined with the Principal Component Analysis for Non-Fluent Speech Recognition." Sensors 22, no. 1 (2022): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22010321.

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The presented paper introduces principal component analysis application for dimensionality reduction of variables describing speech signal and applicability of obtained results for the disturbed and fluent speech recognition process. A set of fluent speech signals and three speech disturbances—blocks before words starting with plosives, syllable repetitions, and sound-initial prolongations—was transformed using principal component analysis. The result was a model containing four principal components describing analysed utterances. Distances between standardised original variables and elements

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29

Pons, Ferran, and David J. Lewkowicz. "Infant perception of audiovisual synchrony in fluent speech." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x646587.

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It is known that perception of audio–visual (A–V) temporal relations is affected by the type of stimulus used. This includes differences in A–V temporal processing of speech and non-speech events and of native vs. non-native speech. Similar differences have been found early in life, but no studies have investigated infant response to A–V temporal relations in fluent speech. Extant studies (Lewkowicz, 2010) investigating infant response to isolated syllables have found that infants can detect an A–V asynchrony (auditory leading visual) of 666 ms but not lower. Here, we investigated infant respo

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30

Cope, Thomas, Ediz Sohoglu, Karalyn Patterson, et al. "MEG REVEALS SPEECH PROCESSING DELAY IN PROGRESSIVE NON FLUENT APHASIA." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 87, no. 12 (2016): e1.74-e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2016-315106.165.

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31

Levy, Charles E., Michael Giovaniello, and Maria Knight. "24. METHYLPHENIDATE PLUS SPEECH THERAPY FOR CHRONIC NON-FLUENT APHASIA." American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 77, no. 2 (1998): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002060-199803000-00076.

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32

Graham, Naida L., David F. Tang-Wai, Sandra Black, et al. "Non-Fluent Progressive Aphasia Without Agrammatism or Apraxia of Speech." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 23 (2011): 223–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.09.249.

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33

Armson, Joy, and Joseph Kalinowski. "Interpreting Results of the Fluent Speech Paradigm in Stuttering Research." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 37, no. 1 (1994): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3701.69.

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This paper examines difficulties inherent in interpreting results of studies that compare the fluent speech characteristics of stutterers and nonstutterers. The majority of these studies have reported stutterer/nonstutterer differences in temporal parameters of fluent speech production. Such differences have been interpreted as indicating that stutterers possess temporal-motor deficits that are ever-present in speech and, therefore, causal to stuttering. However, a problem for researchers studying the fluent speech of stutterers is that samples may be contaminated by the influence of stutterin

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34

Wiltshire, Charlotte E. E., Gabriel J. Cler, Mark Chiew, et al. "Speaking to a metronome reduces kinematic variability in typical speakers and people who stutter." PLOS ONE 19, no. 10 (2024): e0309612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0309612.

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Background Several studies indicate that people who stutter show greater variability in speech movements than people who do not stutter, even when the speech produced is perceptibly fluent. Speaking to the beat of a metronome reliably increases fluency in people who stutter, regardless of the severity of stuttering. Objectives Here, we aimed to test whether metronome-timed speech reduces articulatory variability. Method We analysed vocal tract MRI data from 24 people who stutter and 16 controls. Participants repeated sentences with and without a metronome. Midsagittal images of the vocal tract

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35

Healey, E. Charles, and Peter R. Ramig. "Acoustic Measures of Stutterers' and Nonstutterers' Fluency in Two Speech Contexts." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 29, no. 3 (1986): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.2903.325.

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The purpose of this study was to compare stutterers' and nonstutterers' fluency during multiple productions of two dissimilar speech contexts. Twenty-two adult stutterers were matched within 1 year of age to 22 nonstutterers. Spectrographic analyses were performed on subjects' five consecutively fluent productions of a simple isolated phrase and a phrase extracted from an oral reading passage. Measures of fluent voice onset time (VOT), and vowel, consonant, and total phrase durations were calculated from the five repetitions of each phrase. From the isolated phrase, there were a total of five

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36

Themistocleous, Charalambos, Kimberly Webster, and Kyrana Tsapkini. "Effects of tDCS on Sound Duration in Patients with Apraxia of Speech in Primary Progressive Aphasia." Brain Sciences 11, no. 3 (2021): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11030335.

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Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) was found to improve oral and written naming in post-stroke and primary progressive aphasia (PPA), speech fluency in stuttering, a developmental speech-motor disorder, and apraxia of speech (AOS) symptoms in post-stroke aphasia. This paper addressed the question of whether tDCS over the left IFG coupled with speech therapy may improve sound duration in patients with apraxia of speech (AOS) symptoms in non-fluent PPA (nfvPPA/AOS) more than sham. Eight patients with non-fluent PPA/AOS received either active

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37

Last, Richard. "Paul among the Fluent in Corinth." Novum Testamentum 64, no. 1 (2021): 54–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685365-bja10007.

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Abstract This article foregrounds the importance of Paul’s letters for studying the experiences and perceptions of persons who stutter in antiquity. It analyzes Paul’s speech alongside the biographies of two other historical figures from antiquity who suffered from speech dysfluency: the great Athenian orator, Demosthenes, and the emperor Claudius. Accounts of Demosthenes’, Claudius’, and Paul’s speech inconsistencies, silences, incomprehensible utterances, oratory weaknesses—and their critics’ accusations that they suffered from madness—are interpreted in light of research on adults who stutt

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38

Maulida, Hidya, and Yasyir Fahmi Mubaraq. "Language Learning Strategies Used by English Department Students of English at STKIP PGRI Banjarmasin." Acitya: Journal of Teaching and Education 5, no. 2 (2023): 188–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.30650/ajte.v5i2.3583.

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Speaking skill is one of skill has to master by English language students. In the speaking IV course, students train to speak English through practice public speech, seminar and debate also when the students present in front of the other student in learning process. The fluency of speaking skill is also supported by leaning strategies. The objective of this research was to describe learning strategies used by the eighth semester students as fluent speaker of English department at STKIP PGRI Banjarmasin. The data were processed and analysis based on the procedures that was chosen to find the st

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39

Hossain, Md Sazzad, Sayeeduzzaman, Nargis Jahan, et al. "Effectiveness of Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT) for Patients with Non-fluent Aphasia." Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research 37, no. 5 (2025): 145–63. https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2025/v37i55824.

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Aims: The main objective of the study was to find out the effectiveness of the Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT) program in the management of patients with non-fluent aphasia. Background: Language is the source of human life and power. Aphasia is the most common cause of language deficits in adults. Non-fluent aphasia most commonly results from a lesion in the left frontal lobe involving the left posterior inferior frontal region known as Broca’s area, and patients who are non-fluent usually have the ability to comprehend the speech of others but are unable to produce words themselves. Most of

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40

Andrade, Claudia Regina Furquim de, Fernanda Chiarion Sassi, Fabiola Juste, and Lucia Iracema Zanotto de Mendonça. "Persistent developmental stuttering as a cortical-subcortical dysfunction: evidence from muscle activation." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 66, no. 3b (2008): 659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2008000500010.

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BACKGROUND: One contemporary view of stuttering posits that speech disfluencies arise from anomalous speech motor control. PURPOSE: To verify the rest muscle tension and speech reaction time of fluent and stuttering adults. METHOD: 22 adults, divided in two groups: G1 - 11 fluent individuals; G2 - 11 stutterers. Electromyography recordings (inferior orbicularis oris) were collected in two different situations: during rest and in a reaction time activity. RESULTS: The groups were significantly different considering rest muscle tension (G2 higher recordings) and did not differ when considering s

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41

WEEKES, B. "Verb transformation in non-fluent progressive aphasia." Brain and Language 91, no. 1 (2004): 108–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2004.06.056.

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42

Dahm, B. L., and Y. Kaplan. "Speech naturalness of stutterers following generating fluent speech therapy." Journal of Fluency Disorders 25, no. 3 (2000): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0094-730x(00)80234-x.

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43

Bonilha, L., and J. Fridriksson. "Subcortical damage and white matter disconnection associated with non-fluent speech." Brain 132, no. 6 (2008): e108-e108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awn200.

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44

Feenaughty, Lynda, Alexandra Basilakos, Leonardo Bonilha, et al. "Non-fluent speech following stroke is caused by impaired efference copy." Cognitive Neuropsychology 34, no. 6 (2017): 333–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02643294.2017.1394834.

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45

Bragoni, M., M. Altieri, A. Padovani, C. Mostardini, G. L. Lenzi, and V. Di Piero. "Bromocriptine and speech therapy in non-fluent chronic aphasia after stroke." Neurological Sciences 21, no. 1 (2000): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100720070114.

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46

Hart, R. P., W. A. Beach, and J. R. Taylor. "A case of progressive apraxia of speech and non-fluent aphasia." Aphasiology 11, no. 1 (1997): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02687039708248456.

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47

Zarei, Mahsa, Reza Nilipour, Mohsen Shati, et al. "Assessment of Aphasia in Iranian Patients Suffering from Frontotemporal Dementia." Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology 26, no. 4 (2021): 490–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijpcp.26.3.3006.2.

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Objectives: Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) is an uncommon type of dementia. The hallmark feature of FTD is the presentation with aphasia or behavioral changes which vary in different FTD subtypes. In this study, we propose a quantitative aphasia test as an additive diagnostic tool for differentiation of FTD subtypes. Methods: The applied study was conducted on 20 patients with FTD (13 men and 7 women) aged 58-78 years (Mean age=63±0.8 years) referred to dementia clinic of Rasul Akram Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Based on clinical diagnosis, patients were divided into three groups of behavioral var

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48

Bakker, Klaas, and Gene J. Brutten. "Speech-Related Reaction Times of Stutterers and Nonstutterers." Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 55, no. 2 (1990): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshd.5502.295.

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Speech-related reaction time measures (laryngeal premotor and adjustment time for /a/, labial initiation and physiological voice onset time for /pa/) and fluency-related measures (number of stutterings, number of normal disfluencies, and time needed to complete an oral reading) of 24 stutterers and a like number of nonstutterers were assessed to determine their diagnostic discriminative power. Discriminant analysis showed that stutterers were most effectively differentiated from normally fluent speakers by the total number of stutterings and normal disfluencies during oral reading and by the d

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Druks, Judit, Maria Varkanitsa, Dimitrios Kasselimis, Constantin Potagas, and Ioannis Evdokimidis. "Quantitative Analysis of Connected Speech in Aphasia: Insights from Greek-speaking Patients with Fluent and Non-fluent Types of Aphasia." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 23 (2011): 125–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.09.202.

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Pei, Sun, Li Weiwei, Zhang Mengqin, and He Xiaojun. "Effect of an extension speech training program based on Chinese idioms in patients with post-stroke non-fluent aphasia: A randomized controlled trial." PLOS ONE 18, no. 2 (2023): e0281335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281335.

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Abstract:

Background Chinese idioms have potential to act as preliminary training material in studies on post-stroke aphasia. Objective To explore an extension speech training program that takes Chinese idioms as context and expands them into characters, words, sentences and paragraphs and evaluate the effects of this program in patients with post-stroke non-fluent aphasia. Methods This was a randomized controlled trial. We recruited patients with post-stroke non-fluent aphasia from the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 2021 to January 2022. Participants were randomly assigned to group I

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