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Journal articles on the topic 'Four years old'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Nor Azman, Amirul Azwan. "Environmental Printing Level Differences Between Four Years Old and Five Years Old Children." Jurnal Pendidikan Awal Kanak-kanak Kebangsaan 11 (August 8, 2022): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.37134/jpak.vol11.sp.1.2022.

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This study was conducted to identify differences in the level of achievement of environmental print recognition between four years old and five years old. Therefore, this study was conducted based on three objectives, namely to identify the level of achievement of the four-year and fiveyear environmental prints. At the same time, the researcher will also look at the differences in the level of environmental print achievement involving the two ages of the child. The study design used is quantitative in the form of a survey. The sample involved in this study was a total of 60 children of which 3

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2

Abe, Yuko, Yoshiro Tanio, Junpei Takashima, et al. "Seventy-four lung cancer patients under 50 years old." Annals of Oncology 26 (November 2015): vii106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdv472.02.

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3

Weinmann, A. R. O., G. A. Souza, G. A. Souza, G. B. Sandim, and L. R. Giuliani. "Case Report: Huntington's disease in four years old male." European Journal of Paediatric Neurology 21 (June 2017): e61-e62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpn.2017.04.924.

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Junqué, Eva, Joan O. Grimalt, Ana Fernández-Somoano, and Adonina Tardón. "Urinary cobalt and ferritin in four-years-old children." Environmental Research 183 (April 2020): 109147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109147.

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Souza, R. M., R. M. Monteiro, R. P. B. Costa-Felix, and A. V. Alvarenga. "Ultrasonic properties of a four years old tissue-mimicking material." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 975 (March 2018): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/975/1/012025.

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6

PLUM, P. "Spermatogenesis in a eunuchoid man, 32 years old, after four years of hormone therapy." Acta Medica Scandinavica 115, no. 1-2 (2009): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1943.tb15041.x.

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7

Alayande, M.O, M. A. Umaru, A. Bello, B. R. Alkali, M.D Lawal, and A. Mahmuda. "BABESIOSIS IN A FOUR YEAR OLD FRIESIAN–SOKOTO GUDALI CROSSED BULL IN SOKOTO." Global Animal SScience Journal 2, no. 2 (2015): 1308–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21561.

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Bovine babesiosis is a hemo-protozoan disease diagnosed in a four-year old heavily tick infested Friesian-Sokoto Gudalli crossed bull.  Clinical signs observed were pyrexia (rectal temperature of 40.8<sup>o</sup>C), anaemia, anorexia, haemoglobinuria, dysuria, salivation and lacrimination. The bull was weak and could not graze. The thin blood smear was positive for both <em>Babesia bigemina</em> and <em>B. bovis</em>. The bull’s condition improved after the administration of the following drugs; diminazine aceturate 7.0 mg/kg, antipyrine 8.6 mg/kg I.M. and application of acaricide,

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8

Saxena, Pankaj, Crystal R. Bonnichsen, and Kevin L. Greason. "Starr–Edwards aortic valve: Forty-four years old and still working!" Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 146, no. 4 (2013): e21-e22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.05.034.

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9

Sari, Wenny Aulia, and Tri Dina Ariyanti. "Language Acquisition (Types of Sentence) of Three to Four Years Old Children." Disastra: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 4, no. 1 (2024): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/disastra.v4i1.3168.

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This study discussed the language acquisition of children aged 3-4 years. In general, children aged three to four years are able to produce various types of sentences to communicate their goals to others. This study aimed to describe what types of sentences are acquired by children aged three to four years. This type of research was qualitative research using the descriptive method. The collection of data in this research utilized recording and note-taking techniques. The data analysis technique used in this study consisted of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The resu

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Sari, Wenny Aulia, and Tri Dina Ariyanti. "Language Acquisition (Types of Sentence) of Three to Four Years Old Children." Disastra: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 4, no. 1 (2022): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/disastra.v4i1.4718.

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This study discussed the language acquisition of children aged 3-4 years. In general, children aged three to four years are able to produce various types of sentences to communicate their goals to others. This study aimed to describe what types of sentences are acquired by children aged three to four years. This type of research was qualitative research using the descriptive method. The collection of data in this research utilized recording and note-taking techniques. The data analysis technique used in this study consisted of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The resu

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11

Alobaid, Lulu, Ilhama Jafari, Osama Almosallam, Muhammed Rahman, and Abdulwahhab Aljubab. "Metastatic Adrenocortical Carcinoma of the Lung In A Four Years Old Child." ULUTAS MEDICAL JOURNAL 4, no. 1 (2018): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/umj.20180123053002.

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12

Santos, Jennefer Oliveira, and Cejane Oliveira Martins Prudente. "Down syndrome: functional performance of children from two to four years old." Revista Neurociências 22, no. 02 (2014): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4181/rnc.2014.22.02.927.7p.

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13

Pawar, Manish, and Shamsundar Jadhav. "High Dose Ofloxacin-induced Bimodal Hallucinations in a Four Years Old Child." Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience 16, no. 2 (2018): 232–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.9758/cpn.2018.16.2.232.

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14

Pengelly, Theresa. "Obesity at four or five years old linked with high healthcare costs." Nursing Children and Young People 24, no. 7 (2012): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ncyp.24.7.10.s13.

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15

Segura-Cox, Dominique M., Anika Schmiedeke, Jaime E. Pineda, et al. "Four annular structures in a protostellar disk less than 500,000 years old." Nature 586, no. 7828 (2020): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2779-6.

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16

Lin, Dan, Guangyao Chen, Yingyi Liu, Jiaxin Liu, Jue Pan, and Lei Mo. "Tracking the Eye Movement of Four Years Old Children Learning Chinese Words." Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 47, no. 1 (2017): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10936-017-9515-x.

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17

Comploj, Evi, Jeremy West, Michael Mian, et al. "Comparison of Complications from Radical Cystectomy between Old-Old versus Oldest-Old Patients." Urologia Internationalis 94, no. 1 (2014): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000358731.

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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare complications after radical cystectomy in patients aged ≥75 years. Materials and Methods: 251 patients aged 75-95 years (median 79) underwent radical cystectomy between 2000 and 2012 at four institutions. The patients were divided into two groups: ≥75-84 years of age (group 1) versus ≥85 years of age (group 2). Comorbidities, body mass index, and complications were obtained retrospectively, except at the Central Hospital of Bolzano and Weill Cornell Medical Center, which collected data prospectively. Cancer-specific survival,

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18

Cheme, S. Mbiye. "P-154 MDS-RA in a twelve years old patient found with anemia since four years." Leukemia Research 37 (May 2013): S93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0145-2126(13)70202-9.

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19

Nikolaeva, Elena I., and Marina L. Isachenkova. "The use of gadgets by children under four years old: Evidence from parents." Comprehensive Child Studies 4, no. 1 (2022): 32–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33910/2687-0223-2022-4-1-32-53.

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20

Lingga, Yulima Melsipa. "THE ACQUISITION OF ENGLISH SENTENCES BY CHILDREN OF FOUR AND FIVE YEARS OLD." Journal of English Teaching, Applied Linguistics and Literatures (JETALL) 2, no. 2 (2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jetall.v2i2.7331.

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The objectives of this research were to find out types of English sentences acquired by boys and girls of four and five years old children. This research also aims to find the tendency of English acquisition between boys and girls. The sources or subjects of this research were 20 kindergarten students of K-2 David in TK Kristen Kalam Kudus Pematangsiantar, 11 boys and 9 girls. The research design is qualitative research design. The instrument of data collection used video recording to observe the subjects in real situation and naturally. The result reveals that, the types of English sentences

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21

Serrano-Martínez, Cecilia. "Emotional impact and upbringing of children under four years old during COVID-19." Perifèria. Revista d'investigació i formació en Antropologia 25, no. 2 (2020): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/periferia.735.

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22

Afriant, Rudy, Avino Mulana Fikri, and Alexander Kam. "Evans Syndrome in a Forty-Four Years Old Male Patient: A Case Report." Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research 7, no. 4 (2023): 3226–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/bsm.v7i4.805.

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Background: Evans syndrome (ES) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), together with unknown causes. ES disease is the least common, diagnosed in only 0.8% - 3.7% of all patients with AIHA or ITP. This study aimed to describe Evans syndrome in a 44-year-old male patient. Case presentation: A 44-year-old male patient was reported with complaints of weakness and fatigue, red spots, a history of bleeding gums, a history of bleeding from the nose, and a history of red urination. A routine blo

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23

Lingga, Yulima Melsipa, and Widiya Astuti Alam Sur. "THE ACQUISITION OF ENGLISH SENTENCES BY CHILDREN OF FOUR AND FIVE YEARS OLD." JOURNAL OF ENGLISH TEACHING, APPLIED LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURES (JETALL) 2, no. 2 (2019): 84–94. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3528911.

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The objectives of this research were to find out types of English sentences acquired by boys and girls of four and five years old children. This research also aims to find the tendency of English acquisition between boys and girls. The sources or subjects of this research were 20 kindergarten students of K-2 David in TK Kristen Kalam Kudus Pematangsiantar, 11 boys and 9 girls. The research design is qualitative research design. The instrument of data collection used video recording to observe the subjects in real situation and naturally. The result reveals that, the types of English sentences

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24

Gimmon, Yoav, Hisham Rashad, Ilan Kurz, et al. "Gait Coordination Deteriorates in Independent Old-Old Adults." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 26, no. 3 (2018): 382–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2017-0120.

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Human gait is symmetric and bilaterally coordinated in young healthy persons. In this study, we aimed to explore the differences in bilateral coordination of gait as measured by the phase coordination index (PCI), gait asymmetry, and stride time variability of gait between four age groups. A total of 44 older adults were recruited: nine young-old (age 70–74 years), 26 old (age 75–84 years), nine old-old (>85 years and older), and 13 young adults (age 20–30 years). Subjects walked on a treadmill; walking speed was systematically increased from 0.5 to 0.9 m/s in steps of 0.1 m/s. There were m

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25

Gryboski, Joyce D. "Ulcerative Colitis in Children 10 Years Old or Younger." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 17, no. 1 (1993): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1993.tb10910.x.

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SummaryThe onset and course of ulcerative colitis diagnosed in 38 children at or before 10 years of age were reviewed. The mean age at onset was 5.9 years. A family history of inflammatory bowel disease was present in 24% of patients, and 13% had a history of cow milk allergy in infancy. Initially, by radiologic or colonoscopic studies, 71% had total colonic disease, 13% had left‐sided colitis, and 6% had proctitis: extensive examination was not performed in 4 patients. Four patients (11%) presented with severe colitis. 14 (37%) with moderate colitis, and 20 (53%) with mild colitis. The most f

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26

Demidov, A. A., L. A. Demidova, O. N. D'jakova, and O. V. Vjazovaja. "Coronavirus infection recovery in 101-years-old female patient." Russian Journal of Geriatric Medicine, no. 3 (October 15, 2021): 365–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37586/2686-8636-3-2021-357-359.

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The article presents a clinical case of recovery from COVID-19 of a 101-year-old patient who has been living in a nursing home and disabled for four years. Medical history of the patient includes more than 5 chronic diseases. Senile asthenia, fall syndrome and cognitive impairment are predominant among the main geriatric syndromes. Coronavirus infection caused by the COVID-19 virus was complicated by polysegmental pneumonia. The presented clinical case confirms the possibility of recovering not only older and senile patients, but also centenarians. For a good outcome of the disease, timely dia

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Gryboski, Joyce D. "Crohn's Disease in Children 10 Years Old and Younger." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 18, no. 2 (1994): 174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1994.tb11149.x.

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SummaryIn order to examine the presentation and course of Crohn's disease (CD) versus those of ulcerative colitis (UC) in children ±10 years of age, a retrospective review of children ±10 years old with inflammatory bowel disease singled out 40 patients and compared their findings with those of 38 children with UC. The mean age at onset was 7.5 years for CD, as compared with 5.9 years for UC. A family history of inflammatory bowel disease was present in 13 patients (32%). Abdominal pain (97%), diarrhea (78%), and weight loss (88%) were the major initial complaints, with growth retardation pres

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28

Sloat, Elizabeth A., Nicole L. Letourneau, Justin R. Joschko, Erin A. Schryer, and Jennifer E. Colpitts. "Parent-Mediated Reading Interventions With Children Up To Four Years Old: A Systematic Review." Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing 38, no. 1 (2014): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01460862.2014.983279.

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29

García-Rojas, Leonardo, Humberto Matiz-Moreno, and Eduardo Chávez-Mondragón. "Four Years Old, One Eye, Pars Planitis and Cataract: Surgical Challenges Give Challenging Surprises." Case Reports in Ophthalmology 4, no. 1 (2013): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000350001.

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30

Labanaris, Apostolos P., Günter E. Schott, and Vahudin Zugor. "Renal cell carcinoma in children under 10 years old: a presentation of four cases." Pediatric Surgery International 23, no. 4 (2007): 327–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00383-007-1879-9.

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31

Lopes, Nataniel, Rui Matos, Nuno Amaro, et al. "Motor competence of 10 years old children with different athletics practice years." Retos 50 (September 1, 2023): 599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.99333.

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The present study aimed to verify whether, in children of 10 years of age practicing athletics, a greater number of years of practice of this modality would correspond to higher values of motor competence (MC), as determined by the Motor Quotient (MQ) in the Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder (KTK). The cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted in an athletics club in Portugal. Thirty-two children were evaluated, 15 female (10.4±0.25 years of age, 2.5±0.92 years of practice) and 17 male (10.4±0.22 years of age, 2.2±1.1 years of practice). Although no significant differences were foun

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Prihadi, Johannes Cansius, and Christopher Kusumajaya. "Double-J stents forgotten for four years: a case report." Medical Journal of Indonesia 28, no. 3 (2019): 280–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.13181/mji.v28i3.3132.

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Placement of double-J ureteral stents after endourologic procedures and some open urological surgeries are practical and safe. However, when neglected in situ, undesired problems may occur, leading to serious medical and legal issues. Complications from ureteral stents with protracted indwelling durations include urosepsis, renal failure, encrustation, and spontaneous fractures which may be retained or voided in the urine (stenturia). We report a 40-year-old woman of forgotten double-J ureteral stents, inserted 4 years prior to this study during a gynecologic operation. The patient had pulled

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Destianti E, Eka, and Fonna Indriyani. "A Hepatoblastoma in Four-Year-Old: Diagnosis and Chemotherapy Treatment." Indonesian Journal of Cancer 19, no. 2 (2025): 316–21. https://doi.org/10.33371/ijoc.v19i2.1253.

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Introduction: Hepatoblastoma is a primary liver malignancy that often occurs in children under 5 years of age. According to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, the incidence of liver tumors in children is estimated to be 0.47 (0.24–0.65)/1,000,000/year. The International Society of Pediatric Oncology Liver Tumor Study states that childhood liver cancer may be sensitive to chemotherapy. Chemotherapy strategies rely on cisplatin, as it remains the most active single agent against hepatoblastoma. In this study, we aim to discover of diagnosis and outcome of hepatoblas

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Choi, Yeon Sun, Kumale Tolesa, and Hae Jung Paik. "Outcomes of Early Surgery in Children under Four Years Old with Large Angle Intermittent Exotropia." Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 62, no. 12 (2021): 1643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2021.62.12.1643.

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Purpose: To find out the significance of early surgery in children of 4 years old and under with large angle intermittent exotropia of 35 prism diopters (PD) and more by examining the results of bilateral lateral rectus recession surgery and factors influencing the surgical outcome.Methods: It was a retrospective study of patients who underwent bilateral lateral rectus muscle recession surgery between 2006 to 2016 with intermittent exotropia greater than or equal to 35 PD and who were able to follow-up for at least 2 years after surgery were divided into two groups based on age of 4 years old.

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Mizuno, Yoshimasa, H. Iwata, K. Shirahashi, M. Matsui, and H. Takemura. "Persistent Spontaneous Pneumothorax for Four Years: A Case Report." Prague Medical Report 113, no. 4 (2012): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23362936.2015.15.

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Pneumothorax, defined as the presence of air in the pleural space, is usually classified as spontaneous or traumatic; it is unusual for pneumothorax to be categorized as being acute or chronic. Even if conservative treatment is chosen, the pneumothorax is cured when air in the pleural space dissolves into the venous blood. A 50-years-old Japanese man with no prior medical history was referred to our department with a right pneumothorax and two rightsided pulmonary nodules on chest X-ray and CT. The chest radiographs of past mass screening which was taken four years ago showed right pneumothora

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Basyuni, Mohammad, Jayusman Jayusman, and Rahmah Hayati. "Structure and Species Composition in Logged-over Swamp Forest, Bengkalis, Riau." E3S Web of Conferences 68 (2018): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186801005.

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Peat swamp forest is a particularly stable ecosystem. This stability may regulate well-balanced water to maintain the existence of typical flora and fauna. The present study describes the structure and species composition from three different sites namely newly logged-over swamp forest, three years old logged-over swamp forest, and four years old-logged over swamp forest in Bengkalis, Riau, Indonesia. The study sites were predominated by four structural ensembles with their strata order from the highest to lowest: emergent trees, canopy, lower ensembles, and undergrowth. The emergent trees con

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Kunwar, Saru, Nisha Sharma, Bishnu Rath Giri, Bom BC, and Anil Kumar Shrestha. "Ewing's Sarcoma of Rib in a Four Year Old: A Case Report." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 59, no. 242 (2021): 916–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.6481.

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Although rare, the Ewing’s sarcoma family of tumors represents the second most common primary bone malignancy that typically occurs in adolescents and young adults aged 10-25 years, presenting with localized pain and swelling of a long bone. We report a case of Ewing’s sarcoma of rib in a four years old child that presented with acute onset of fever, cough, shortness of breath and was initially treated as pneumonia. Although the patient did not belong to typical demography and the symptoms were suggestive of infective pathology, careful scrutiny of the radiographic findings led to further inve

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Driver, Amy C., Lucinda E. Bouillon, Doug Sklenka, and Yuko Ichino. "Impact of a Four-week Cycling Program on Balance in Women 40-60 Years Old." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 36, Supplement (2004): S30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200405001-00142.

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Driver, Amy C., Lucinda E. Bouillon, Doug Sklenka, and Yuko Ichino. "Impact of a Four-week Cycling Program on Balance in Women 40-60 Years Old." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 36, Supplement (2004): S30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200405001-00142.

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Aschwanden, Damaris, Mike Martin, and Mathias Allemand. "Cognitive abilities and personality traits in old age across four years: More stability than change." Journal of Research in Personality 70 (October 2017): 202–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2017.08.002.

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Wollina, Uwe, Katlein França, Torello Lotti, and Georgi Tchernev. "Van Lohuizen Syndrome – A Case Report with a Diagnostic Delay of Four Years." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 6, no. 1 (2018): 74–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2018.024.

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BACKGROUND: Cutis marmorata telangiectatic congenital or Van Lohuizen syndrome is a rare vascular disorder that may be associated with other congenital malformations. Around 300 cases have been reported so far.CASE REPORT: We present a 4-year-old girl with Van Lohuizen syndrome of the leg, but without any other malformations.CONCLUSION: Neonatal lupus erythematosus may resemble congenital vasculopathy, but histopathology and immune-serology are characteristic.

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Canino, Frank. "Seven Drafts … Five Years … and Other Useless Data." Canadian Theatre Review 104 (September 2000): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.104.006.

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On the afternoon of Easter Sunday, 16 April 1911, Angelina Napolitano, a twenty-eight-year-old Italian mother of four, killed her husband with an axe as he lay asleep in the bedroom of the quarters they rented in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario.

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S., Pramod, and Ravikiran K. "Isolated congenital microgastria in 4 years old child: a case report." International Surgery Journal 5, no. 3 (2018): 1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20180844.

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Microgastria is a rare congenital anamoly. It was first reported in 1800s. It occurs in association with other anamolies. Common associated anomalies include asplenia, malrotation of intestine, upper limb anomalies, situs inversus. Isolated cases of Microgastria are very few in literature. Most cases of microgastria present during infancy. This is a report of a four year old child, eldest in litreature presenting with isolated microgastria. Child presented with vomiting, failure to thrive. Child underwent excision of stomach and oesophago-jejunostomy with pouch after initial stabilization. The

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A. Al Shaikh, Hala. "A Novel GnRH1 Gene Mutation in Four Omani Male Siblings, Presentation and Management." International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews 26, no. 4 (2025): 01–05. https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-4861/827.

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Male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism results from defects in the GnRH or gonadotropins, causing sex-organ malformation, reduced or absent male secondary sexual characteristics, and infertility. Genetic mutations at the level of the hypothalamus or pituitary can result in this condition. This paper describes the clinical features and management of four Omani male siblings with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism carrying a novel mutation in the GnRH1 gene. Case 1: 16 years old, had micro penis and bilateral undescended testes. Pubertal induction started at 12 ½ years with testosterone injections. Case

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Stolbova, Olga A., Lyudmila N. Skosyrskykh, and Arina V. Kruglova. "REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM DISEASES IN CATS." VESTNIK OF THE BASHKIR STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY 68, no. 4 (2023): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31563/1684-7628-2023-68-4-125-131.

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Research work was carried out in the period from 2014–2022 in the city of Tyumen. During this period, 3,237 cats of different breeds and ages were examined. The diseases of the reproductive system studied were found in 389 cats. It was established that these diseases of the reproductive system of cats in the city of Tyumen are widespread, their percentage was 12,02 ± 0,20 %. Purulent endometritis was most often observed in the following breeds: mestizos – 32,89 ± 1,95 % of cases, Scottish folds – 25,0 ± 2,3 %, British short-haired – 14,5 ± 1,4 %, Abyssinian – 7,9 ± 1,1 %. Cystic ovaries were r

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Storaunet, Ken Olaf, and Jørund Rolstad. "How long do Norway spruce snags stand? Evaluating four estimation methods." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 2 (2004): 376–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-248.

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We estimated time from death to fall (standing time) of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) snags in a submountainous old-growth forest in south-central Norway, applying four calculation methods to 124 dendro chrono logically cross-dated still-standing snags and 64 fallen logs. The calculation methods consistently estimated expected standing time of snags at 2634 years, with a median of 1621 years and 20% of snags standing for >4858 years. The survival function from all methods took the approximate form of a negative exponential, with a 3%4% annual fall rate for snags. In the distri

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Nuridayanti, Anik, Citrawatik Dwi Skripsia, and Slamet Jayadi. "DURATION OF GADGET USE AND FINE MOTOR DEVELOPMENT IN FOUR YEARS CHILDREN AT PUTRA BANGSA PRE-SCHOOL." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY SCIENCE (IJNMS) 7, no. 2 (2023): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29082/ijnms/2023/vol7/iss2/512.

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Gadget is a modern device which used as a means of communication and many more functions either for children or adults, and can make addicted. It also has influences to development of children’s soft motoric nerves. The objective of this research is to know the relation between gadget usage duration and soft motoric nerves development of 4 years old children in PAUD Putra Bangsa Wajak Lor, Tulungagung Regency.The design of this research was correlational analytics with cross-sectional approach. The population was all of PAUD Putra Bangsa Wajak Lor and and 24 respondents were taken as samples b

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Li, Wei, Bihua Cao, Lijuan Hu, and Fuhong Li. "Developmental Trajectory of Rule Detection in Four- to Six-Year-Old Children." International Journal of Behavioral Development 41, no. 2 (2016): 238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025415620056.

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Children younger than three years old are able to detect hidden rules in numerical sequences, and this ability matches that of adults by age seven. However, the developmental trajectory of this ability during the ages of four to six remains unknown. The present study adopted a modified Brixton task to address this issue. In this task, children were presented with sequences of moving circles and were asked to predict which circle would next turn blue based on hidden rules that were either simple (e.g. + 2) or complex (e.g. + 2 – 1). Results suggested that (a) four-year-olds were only able to de

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Stamenkovic, Vladimir, Aleksandar Miladinovic, Vladan Andrejevic, Tomislav Pejcic, Zlatibor Loncar, and Jovan Hadzi-Djokic. "Four years of experience in the management of testicular germ cell tumors at a Urology department of Health Center Vranje." Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 60, no. 4 (2013): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci1304089s.

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Objectives: The aim of this paper is to performed a retrospective descriptive study between the years 2009 and 2013 analyzing 24 patients treated for testicular cancer at a Urology department of Health Center Vranje, including in the analysis tumor incidence, the patient?s age, patient?s time before treatment, histological type and their typical characteristics, oncological treatment, tumor progression and mortality rate. There were 13 rights sided and 11 left sided tumor presented and all of them unilateral. The average age of the patients was 36 years old in the group of patients with semino

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Făt, Silvia, and Inna Pielescu. "COMMUNICATION PRACTICES OF 12-14 YEARS-OLD DIGITAL USERS." Journal of Pedagogy - Revista de Pedagogie LXVIII, no. 2 (2020): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26755/revped/2020.2/71.

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This study aims to explore the online communication habits and practices of 12-14-year-old 50 students from an urban school. Measuring their answers on the Digital Native Scale of Timothy Teo (DNAS), this study refers to the suggested four-factor by the author, creating a framework for the analysis of their digital native profile: grown up with technology, comfortable with multi-tasking, reliant on graphics for communication, and thrive on instant rewards (Teo, 2013). The results of the study enhance the understanding of digital natives. As we expected, this research shows a high degree of com

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