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Academic literature on the topic 'Freedom of the soil'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Freedom of the soil"

1

Polanen, Tim van. "Snak, Claas and Bastiaan’s Struggle for Freedom." BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review 136, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 33–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/bmgn-lchr.10746.

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In the Dutch Republic slavery was not permitted on its soil in Western Europe. Enslaved people obtained their freedom by setting foot on Dutch soil. In 1776, the scope of this free soil principle was limited by a statute of the States General. From this moment onwards only slaves who remained in the Republic for longer than six months would automatically become free. In the literature, it was hitherto assumed that with the establishment of this statute the first debates about the scope of the free soil principle were initiated. This article demonstrates that this assumption is false. Previously, two court cases from 1735 and 1736, between two enslaved men from Curaçao and their masters, had already given rise to discussion. During these court cases, lawyers and judges elaborately debated the boundaries of the free soil principle. Did every enslaved person automatically obtain their freedom, or was, for instance, the permission of the master required to travel to the Dutch Republic? The two court cases give insight into what contemporaries thought about the free soil principle, thus shedding new light on the States General’s statute of 1776.

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2

Ahn, Seongnoh, Gun Park, Hyungchul Yoon, Jae-Hyeok Han, and Jongwon Jung. "Evaluation of Soil–Structure Interaction in Structure Models via Shaking Table Test." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 4995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094995.

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Modeling the soil–structure interaction (SSI) in seismic design involves the use of soil response curves for single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) structures; however, real structures have multiple degrees of freedom (MDOF). In this study, shaking-table-derived p-y curves for SDOF and MDOF superstructures were compared using numerical analysis. It was found that an MDOF structure experienced less displacement than an SDOF structure of the same weight, but the effect of increasing the DOF decreased at greater pile depths. Numerical analysis results estimated using the natural periods and mass participation rates of the structures were similar to those of shaking table tests. Abbreviations: finite element: FE; frequency response function: FRF; multiple degrees of freedom: MDOF; single degree of freedom: SDOF; soil–structure interaction: SSI.

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3

Min, Kyung-Kuk. "Why John Rawls’Theory of Liberty Neglected Economic Freedom." Korea Public Choice Association 2, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.55795/jpc.2023.2.1.033.

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Even those who value political and civil liberties tend to ignore, or at least downplay, economic liberties. Among the modern philosophers who represent such a trend, the representative figure is John Rawls. He neglected the freedom to own the means of production and the freedom to contract as essential freedoms of a market society, on the grounds that they could not be conditions for developing and exercising “moral capacities”. In the just world he envisioned, extensive economic freedom is not allowed. The purpose of this article is to show, firstly, that severe restrictions on economic freedom endanger civil and political liberties as an institutional condition for the development of a sense of justice, on the ground that economic freedom is the bulwark of all freedoms, and especially that it is the soil of democracy. Secondly, a market society is by no means a society in which people act out of narrow-minded selfishness. People depend on each other to live. Equal freedom is what makes human interdependence possible. Only those who maintain the beneficial bonds of interdependence can succeed in the marketplace. Productive interdependence, facilitated by voluntary associations independent of politics, such as family, public life, moral, religious and business associations, is the source of innovation and entrepreneurship. When Rawls deliberately excluded economic rights from his basic rights list, the intellectual basis toward counter-free society were well settled, through which liberal-leftist redistribution became possible virtually with no limit.

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Sudarsono, Untung, and G. Hasibuan. "Engineering Geological Characteristics of the Residual Soil, Lower Quaternary Sediments in Kertajati Region, Majalengka, West Java." Indonesian Journal on Geoscience 6, no. 3 (September 28, 2011): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.6.3.177-189.

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DOI: 10.17014/ijog.v6i3.125Only few engineering geological researches on residual soil have been conducted in Indonesia, whereas many infrastructure projects take place on undulating area and mountainous area which are composed of residual soils. The paper discusses residual soil characteristics of the Lower Quaternary sediment (Qos) in Kertajati area, Majalengka. The methodology of the research consists of engineering geological mapping, in situ test using 2.5 ton penetrometer, sampling and laboratory test for index properties, Atterberg limits, grain size analysis, and strength tests. Field test analysis data show that the thickness of residual soil resting on the basement rock in the study area varies from 2.40 - 14.20 m. Upwards, it comprises sands, silts, and clays, respectively. Laboratory analysis data indicate that the residual soil is dominated by fine-grained fraction, composed of high plastic clay (CH). Relationship among engineering geological parameters was analysed using linear regression and tested using statistic method t-test to find real correlation among variables within 95 - 90% significance level.. Based on the test, there are real positive correlation with 19 degree of freedom and 5% and 10% level of significance are found in between plasticity indexes (IP) and liquid limits (LL), between plasticity indexes (IP) and clay contents (C), between specific gravities (G ) and clay contents (C). The real negative correlation with nine degree of freedom and 5% and 10% level of significance occurs in between cohesion (c) dengan friction angle (φ). Corelation between degree of saturation (G ) and clay contents (C) with 19 degree of freedom is found in 10% level of significance.

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5

Gracheva, R. G. "Genetic and substantive soil classifications and their applicability in geobotanical research." Plant Biology and Horticulture: theory, innovation, no. 149 (December 10, 2019): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36305/0201-7997-2019-149-55-64.

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The first soil classifications dividing soils according to their individual properties and reflecting the resource value of soils were, in fact, substantive classifications. The appearance of soil science that studies soils as special natural bodies changing in space according to natural laws has led to the emergence of genetic soil classifications. The most detailed multilevel Classification of soils of the USSR (1977) is ecological genetic classification based on the relationship between soils and soil formation conditions, where the type of vegetation cover is the top hierarchy level. With the development of soil science, inconsistencies between the genetic classification and the growing volume of knowledge, difficulties in its formalization, and contradictions with the zonal approach have appeared. A paradigm of substantive classification has emerged based on modern measurable morphological and analytical indicators of soils. It is most fully implemented in the World reference base for soil resources (WRB); a compromise option is the substantive- genetic Soil Classification of Russia (2004). In these classifications, for the first time soils with strong human influence (Antrosols and Technosols) are included at a high classification level. The tasks of substantive classifications are the certainty of soil identification; however, discrete classification cells with tight boundaries do not correspond to the continual nature of soils. When using WRB 2014, geobotanical studies receive a certain “freedom” from soils, at the same time, the rigid framework of the parameters of soil properties makes it possible to more accurately identify soil-depended condition of the vegetation cover.

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6

Wang, Feng, Xin Le Li, and Ting Hua Yi. "Energy Response Spectra of Single-Mass Bi-Degrees of Freedom Systems for Hard Soil Site." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 1620–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.1620.

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The traditional energy response spectra depend on the single-directional earthquake excitations and two dimensional dynamic analyses, in which the imbalance and coupled characteristics of multi-dimensional responses of structures are not considered. So, the energy spectra of constant ductility facotors are developed by considering the single-mass bi-degrees of freedom systems subjected to perpendicular bi-directional earthquake motions. The restoring force rule of single-mass bi-degrees of freedom systems is assumed as two dimensional yield-surface plasticity function. The relative energy spectra for input energy, hysteretic energy, kinetic energy and damping energy are presented and analyzed based on 34 pair earthquake motion records of hard soil site. Analytic results show that the energy spectra for hard soil site have their own characteristics, and the spectral forms and values are affected strongly by vibration period, ductility factor and period ratio of single-mass bi-degrees of freedom systems.

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7

Ganjavi, Behnoud, Hong Hao, and Iman Hajirasouliha. "Influence of Higher Modes on Strength and Ductility Demands of Soil–Structure Systems." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 10, no. 04 (October 2016): 1650006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431116500068.

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Due to the inherent complexity, the common approach in analyzing nonlinear response of structures with soil–structure interaction (SSI) in current seismic provisions is based on equivalent Single Degree-of-Freedom systems (E-SDOF). This paper aims to study the influence of higher modes on the seismic response of SSI systems by performing intensive parametric analyses on more than 6400 linear and non-linear Multi Degree-of-Freedom (MDOF) and E-SDOF systems subjected to 21 earthquake records. An established soil-shallow foundation-structure model with equivalent linear soil behavior and nonlinear superstructure has been utilized using the concept of cone models. The lateral strength and ductility demands of MDOF soil–structure systems with different number of stories, structure-to-soil stiffness ratio, aspect ratio and level of inelasticity are compared to those of E-SDOF systems. The results indicate that using the common E-SDOF soil–structure systems for estimating the strength and ductility demands of medium and slender MDOF structures can lead to very un-conservative results when SSI effect is significant. This implies the significance of higher mode effects for soil–structure systems in comparison with fixed-based structures, which is more pronounced for the cases of elastic and low level of inelasticity.

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8

B R Shilpa, Dr G Narayana, Dr B K Narendra. "The Behaviour of Building Frames on Raft Foundation using Dynamic Analysis." Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology 44, no. 6 (January 20, 2024): 4008–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/tjjpt.v44.i6.4362.

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When designing building frames for seismic reasons, the effect of soil flexibility is typically disregarded, and the design is executed using the outcomes of dynamic analysis with a fixed base condition. Because the overall lateral stiffness of the structure decreases as a result of soil flexibility, the lateral natural period lengthens. The building frames situated on the Raft foundation may experience a significant change in seismic response due to this extension of the lateral natural period (T). Therefore, it is imperative to consider the soil's flexibility, also known as soil structure interaction, when doing analysis on the foundation's supporting layer. This paper examines how asymmetric building frames with raft footings behave dynamically when subjected to seismic forces that involve soil-structure interaction. The analysis is performed with SAP 2000*V21 FEM software. The structure is idealized as a three-dimensional space frame, with slabs modeled as a thin shell with four noded plate elements and six degrees of freedom at each node, and beams and columns modeled as two noded line elements. The soil is represented as equivalent springs with one (Winkler) and six (Modified Winkler) degrees of freedom; the stiffness of these springs varies depending on the type of soil and is determined by its dynamic shear modulus and poissons ratio. The Modified Winkler and Winkler raft foundations are modeled as thin shells with four noded plate elements, each with six degrees of freedom, and are criticized so that the element aspect ratios are equal to one. To assess the impact of soil structure interaction on building frames, the response is compared for a range of building frames with and without consideration of soil flexibility in terms of fundamental Natural Period, Seismic Base Shear, and Max. Lateral Displacement. The parametric study for Zone V takes into account the influence of various parameters, including the number of bays, stories, span lengths, and soil types (i.e., soft, medium, and stiff). It is discovered that the fundamental lateral natural period and seismic base shear of the system are significantly altered by the influence of soil flexibility on building frames. As soil stiffness decreases, the lateral natural period and seismic base shear increase as a result of soil flexibility. Additionally, it has been noted that as the number of bays increases, so do the building's base shear and lateral period. As the number of bays and stories increases, so does the maximum lateral displacement.

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Jiang, Kai Yu, Jing Cao, Lei Peng, and Ming Ming Chen. "The Deformation Character of Retaining Wall under Horizontal Earthquake." Applied Mechanics and Materials 152-154 (January 2012): 1443–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.152-154.1443.

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The soil pressure can be influenced by the deformation of retaining wall because of the interaction of wall and soil. The dynamic soil pressure and plastic bottom displacement induced by earthquake action will subsequently result the deformation of the wall. The dynamic soil pressure will vary with the wall deformation and, on the other hand, change the deformation of the wall. The wall under lateral earthquake is assumed to be a single freedom system, thus only one deformation mode is considered in this paper. Based on this assumption, the differential equation of wall-soil dynamic interaction system is proposed.

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10

Wang, Zan Zhi, and Lin Yan Jiang. "Free-Field Surface Ground Motion Properties of Stratified Soils." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 3893–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.3893.

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In earthquake engineering, the conventional wave motion analyses usually took the subsoil as only one layered soil, and treated the subsoil by using a single freedom system model. Moreover, these methods were often adopted in time domain. In fact, the subsoil are usually stratified due to its forming in different ages, so there exist multiple interfaces which leads to multiple repeated tracings of reflecting and refracting waves in time domain analysis. To avoid the difficulties, a frequency domain analysis method is carried out for linear soil system in this paper, which allows combining all the upward waves and downward waves to a single upward wave and a single downward wave, respectively, and therefore raises great efficiency. The stochastic response analysis of the displacement of layered soils is then performed. The result indicates that, there exists the essential difference in power spectral density (PSD) between stratified soils and single-layer soil, the former has multiple peak values, while the later has only one peak value, and stratified soils have strong filtering effect in high frequency ranges, which can be considered as a low-pass filter.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Freedom of the soil"

1

Burlando, Giannina L. "Suarez on soul, will, and freedom /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148784889151255.

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2

Petty, John A. "Securing soul freedom as a Baptist distinctive cultivating appreciation and preservation of soul freedom in the local church /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.

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3

VELIATH, S. J. Cyril. "RAMANUJA'S CONCEPT OF THE INDIVIDUAL SOUL AND HUMAN FREEDOM." 名古屋大学印度哲学研究室 (Department of Indian Philosophy, University of Nagoya), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/19171.

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4

Arnold, Robert V. "Theory, Method, and Democracy in the Social Sciences." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1212757204.

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5

Al-Saraf, Ethar. "A phenomenological ontology of freedom : obscuration and the light." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/75168/.

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The thesis argues that for Jean-Paul Sartre and Martin Heidegger, the free will debate has been rendered intractable by a fundamental misunderstanding of the terms involved. This is exacerbated by a failure to identify and adopt an appropriate methodological approach to the problem. Both philosophers argue that this error in the free will debate is symptomatic of a broader misunderstanding of philosophical enquiry and the method it necessitates. For Heidegger, the entire history of ‘analytic/western' ontology has been fatally misconceived as a result of an effort to define the being of entities in static terms. The insistence on the question of what a being ‘is' obstructs any meaningful enquiry by conceding its existence at the outset of the investigation. Sartre's project is founded on Heidegger's argument, pushing it into a definitive claim about the nature of consciousness. He argues that as the only being for whom ‘meaning' is possible, consciousness is distanced from beings by ‘nothingness' which ensures its ontological freedom. The thesis will argue that Sartre has misconstrued Heidegger's work, making comprehension of his freedom all the more complicated. We propose that a thorough investigation of their projects will reveal an account of ontological freedom that does not suffer from the shortcomings of existentialism whilst avoiding the methodological missteps of the traditional discourse.

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6

Atesoslu, Guclu. "Intersubjectivity And The Problem Of Freedom In The Philosophy Of Hegel." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu/upload/1011857/index.pdf.

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Hegel'
s system, with a purpose of being the newest philosophy, represents a turning point in the history of thought. In contrast to the philosophical thoguht of Enlightenment which seperates branches of knowledge, or that of philosophy, Hegel tries to recombine them. In this study, I intend to reveal the close connection of the concepts appeared in the two works of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, namely, The Phenomenology of Spirit (Phä
nomenologie des Geistes) and Elements of the Philosophy of Right (Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts). These concepts are consciousness, self-consciousness, desire, recognition, freedom and intersubjectivity that are very important for considering self-actualization of the individual and for understanding also the process of human socialization. In this sense, Hegel&rsquo
s philosophy, in general, is an attempt to analyze modern society through the light of these conceptions which are still central to our aspirations as reflective social beings.

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7

Weaver, Aaron Douglas Hankins Barry. "James M. Dunn and soul freedom a paradigm for Baptist political engagement in the public arena /." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5213.

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8

Gouguet, Maia. "L'encadrement juridique de la libre disposition de soi." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0015/document.

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La libre disposition de soi doit-elle accueillir des limites imposées par le Droit ? Une première approche, instinctive,est de répondre par la négative car le Droit n’aurait pas vocation à s’ingérer dans les rapports intimes que l’on entretient avec soi et qui ne concernent en conséquence pas la société. Il faut pourtant se rendre à l’évidence : le Droit est légitime à intervenir dans la libre disposition de soi car l’intimité est poreuse, et laisse passer entre ses mailles la présence d’autrui, ce qui autorise les pouvoirs publics à intervenir ponctuellement dans ce domaine a priori dédié à la vie privée. C’est à l’aune de l’ordre public que le législateur ou les juges déterminent si la libre disposition de soi peut s’épanouir sans danger pour autrui ou pour l’intérêt général. Cet ordre public, dans ses composantes classiques de direction et de protection, paraît néanmoins actuellement à la peine pour contenir les volontés individuelles qui s’expriment avec force conviction. Tant le juge que le législateur se sont en conséquence tournés vers un autre instrument juridique de nature à encadrer la libre disposition de soi. De facture plus récente, la dignité de la personne humaine vient soit protéger la libre disposition d’individus en situation de faiblesse ; soit au contraire limiter la libre disposition de soi, protégeant la personne contre son gré. La deuxième acception de la dignité est celle qui prédomine entre les mains du législateur et des juges, laissant la libre disposition de soi à la merci d’un instrument peu nuancé.Il faut donc rechercher un instrument juridique qui permette d’assurer la cohésion sociale sans pour autant éteindre les aspirations individuelles. C’est un équilibre particulièrement délicat à trouver en ce que ces deux objectifs sont le plus souvent diamétralement opposés. La recherche doit s’orienter vers l’ordre public car celui-ci est un concept éminemment évolutif. C’est un ordre public qui doit être de direction, eu égard aux faits qu’il accompagne, avec toute la fermeté requise, les individus dans la découverte des options qui leur sont les plus favorables et qu’il n’a pas vocation à protéger à tout prix la libre disposition de soi. Son adaptabilité aux circonstances de l’espèce est rendue possible grâce à l’application du principe de proportionnalité in concreto. Ce nouvel ordre public ne serait enfin qu’une coquille vide, sans l’objectif du Bien commun, qui permet de discriminer entre les usages licites et illicites de la libre disposition de soi. Encadrée par l’ordre public de direction de la personne, cette dernière peut s’exprimer sans verser dans des extrêmes dommageables à l’individu ou à la société
Must free self-determination accept limits imposed by law? A first approach, instinctive, is to answer in the negative because the Law would not have vocation to interfere in the intimate relations that one maintains with oneself and which consequently does not concern the society. However, we must face the obvious: the law is legitimate to intervene in the free disposition of oneself because the intimacy is porous, and leaves between the meshes the presence of others, which authorizes the public authorities to intervene punctually in this area a priori dedicated to privacy. It is on the basis of public order that the legislator or judges determine whether free self-determination can flourish without danger for others or for the general interest. This public order, in its classical components ofleadership and protection, nevertheless appears to be struggling to contain the individual wishes that express themselves with conviction. Both the judge and the legislator have accordingly turned to another legal instrument ofa nature to regulate the free disposition of oneself. More recent, the dignity of the human person comes to protect thefree disposition of individuals in situation of weakness; or on the contrary, to limit the free disposition of oneself,protecting the person against his will. The second meaning of dignity is the one that predominates in the hands of thelegislator and the judges, leaving the free disposition of oneself at the mercy of a little nuanced instrument. We musttherefore look for a legal instrument that will ensure social cohesion without extinguishing individual aspirations. Itis a particularly delicate balance to find in that these two objectives are most often diametrically opposed. Research must be oriented towards public order because it is an eminently evolving concept. It is a public order that must beof direction, given the facts that it accompanies, with all the firmness required, individuals in the discovery of the options that are most favorable to them and that it is not intended to to protect at all costs the free disposition ofoneself. Its adaptability to the circumstances of the case is made possible by the application of the principle of proportionality in concreto. This new public order would finally be nothing but an empty shell, without the objectiveof the common good, which makes it possible to discriminate between the licit and unlawful uses of free self determination.Framed by the public order of direction of the person, the latter can express himself without endangering the individual or the society

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9

(basar), Baskaya Dilek. "Camus: A Rebel At The Junction Of Existentialism And Skepticism." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613263/index.pdf.

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ABSTRACT CAMUS: A REBEL AT THE JUNCTION OF EXISTENTIALISM AND SKEPTICISM (Basar) Baskaya, Dilek Ph.D., Department of Philosophy Supervisor: Prof. Dr. S. Halil Turan May 2011, 190 pages The purpose of this thesis is to examine Albert Camus&rsquo
s stance in existentialism and scepticism, to discuss his philosophy by referring to his life, which, in many respects, forms a foundation for his philosophy and to exhibit that he maintains his contemporariness in the 21st century. As existentialism is treated differently by different philosophers, the main concern of the thesis is to discuss how Camus handles it. This is done by focusing on his approach to issues appearing commonly in existentialism, such as the absurd, suicide, God, rebellion, freedom, and alienation and by scrutinising the link between existentialism and skepticism. According to Camus, the absurd is the paradoxical condition caused by a contradiction or a confrontation of two unequal concepts or situations. The merit, for Camus, is to survive despite the disillusionment the absurd brings about. Consequently, he is against suicide because he regards it as surrender to the absurd. Camus claims that it is man himself who can make his own life meaningful. Thus, man may question the existence of God and revolt metaphysically against the absurdity and injustice in the world. The metaphysical rebel can then establish the unity and order that he believes is lacking in the world. Camus attaches great importance to rebellion because it brings man freedom. And freedom is indispensable because being deprived of freedom means submission to an authority and, therefore, loss of human dignity. Alienation is a major issue for Camus, too, as it is a result of man&rsquo
s &lsquo
thrownness&rsquo
on to the world and displays the human situation. The thesis analyses the above items in detail with reference to all Camus&rsquo
s major works.

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10

Ramos, de Santana Aderivaldo. "Destins d’Osifekunde, né et mis en esclavage au Nigeria, déporté au Brésil, transporté en France, revenu au Brésil et assassiné à Recife (1793-1842)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUL034.

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Pendant les plus de trois cents ans que dura la traite négrière transatlantique, du XVIe au XIXe siècle, plus de douze millions de personnes furent déportées du continent Africain pour servir de main-d'œuvre dans les plantations de canne à sucre, de coton, ainsi que dans les mines "du Nouveau Monde." On considère que 4.800.000 Africains ont débarqué au Brésil, soit 43 % du total des déportés. Des études plus récentes sur les biographies d’esclaves, retracent les itinéraires individuels des captifs ainsi que leurs démarches pour regagner la liberté. La reconstitution du parcours de ces derniers leur donne de l’humanité, tout en leur restituant leur dignité. Nous nous inspirons de cette méthodologie pour accomplir notre étude doctorale sur la biographie d’Osifekunde, un commerçant issu de l’ethnie Ijebu (du sud-ouest de l’actuel Nigeria), réduit en esclavage au Brésil en 1820 et devenu homme libre en France en 1837. Pour ce faire, nous avons divisé notre étude en six parties et chaque partie est subdivisées en trois chapitres: Dans la première partie nous avons présenté des observations sur les études biographiques en France après les années 1970, notamment sur les biographies d’esclaves, sur l’utilisation de la méthode microhistorique dans ces dernières recherches et les champs de recherche sur les biographies d’esclaves aux États-Unis, au Brésil et en France. Dans une deuxième partie, nous avons essayé de comprendre comment l’intérieur de l’Afrique est devenu le centre d’intérêt des Sociétés Savantes et par conséquent, comment les membres de ces sociétés ont utilisé les témoignages d’esclaves dans leurs études, afin de trouver des endroits très reculés comme la ville de Tombouctou ou la source du fleuve Niger, pour propager l’idée de l’Africain comme « sauvage, antropophage, » ce qui pourrait justifier l’argument civilisateur, utilisé par les européens pour coloniser l’Afrique
During the more than three hundred years that the transatlantic slave trade lasted, from the XVIth to the XIXth century, more than twelve million people were deported from the African continent to serve as labor in the plantations of sugar cane, cotton, as well as in “New World” mines. It is considered that 4.800,000 Africans have landed in Brazil, or 43% of the total deportees. More recent studies on the biographies of slaves, retrace the individual itineraries of the captives as well as their steps to regain freedom. The reconstruction of their journey gives them humanity, while restoring their dignity. We are inspired by this methodology to complete our doctoral researcher on the biography of Osifekunde, a trader from the Ijebu ethnic groupe (from southwestern present-day Nigeria), enslaved in Brazil in 1820 and become a free man in France in 1837. To do this, we divided our researcher into six parts and each part is subdivided intro three chapters: In the first part we presented observations on biographical studies in France after the 1970s, in particular on the biographies of slaves, on the use of the microhistorical method in this latest research and the fields of research on the biographies of slaves in the United States, Brazil and France. In a second part, we tried to understand how the interior of Africa became the center of interest of the “Scientifical Societies” and consequently, how the members of these societies used the testimonies of slaves in their studies, in order to find very remote places like the city of Timbuktu or the source of the Niger river, to propagate the idea of the African as “wild, anthropophagous,” which could justify the civilizing argument, used by Europeans to colonize the Africa

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Books on the topic "Freedom of the soil"

1

Freedom of the soul. Waterville, Me: Thorndike Press, 2009.

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Freedom of the soul. Uhrichsville, OH: Barbour Pub., 2006.

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1932-, Dunn James M., and Cooperative Baptist Fellowship, eds. Soul freedom: Baptist battle cry. Macon, Ga: Smyth & Helwys, 2000.

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Freedom in my soul: A novel. Niwot, Colo: University Press of Colorado, 1998.

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James M. Dunn and soul freedom. Macon, GA: Smyth & Helwys Pub., 2011.

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1939-, Newman Barbara, ed. Lightning out of Lebanon: Hezbollah terrorists on American soil. New York: Ballantine Books, 2005.

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Journey to freedom: 13 quantum leaps for the soul. Hammersmith (London): Thorsons, 1999.

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Christopher, Largent, ed. Love, soul & freedom: Dancing with Rumi on the mystic path. Center City, Minn: Hazelden, 1998.

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Freedom of the soul: A post-modern understanding of Hinduism. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co., 2002.

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Freedom for his princess: 30 days to refresh your soul. Grand Rapids, Mich: Revell, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Freedom of the soil"

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Parlangeli, Andrea. "Freedom to Dream." In A Pure Soul, 173–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05303-1_21.

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Douhaire, Caroline. "The Climate Decision of the German Constitutional Court and Its Implications on Soil Management." In International Yearbook of Soil Law and Policy 2022, 35–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40609-6_2.

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AbstractOn 24 March 2021, Germany’s highest court found the German Climate Change Act to be partly unconstitutional because it did not sufficiently mitigate the burden put on the future exercise of freedom rights by the emissions allowed until 2030. The ruling represents a milestone for climate protection in Germany and also deserves attention beyond Germany’s borders. In this ruling, the Constitutional Court sets a strong signal for more climate change, making clear that the protection of the climate is a constitutional obligation. Because of the close interactions between soil and climate change, the decision also recalls the importance of a better soil protection. This chapter summarizes the essential statements of the Court and analyses the consequences for soil protection.

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Lundström, Markus. "When Anarchism Met Punk." In Palgrave Studies in the History of Social Movements, 81–109. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27370-4_4.

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AbstractThis chapter outlines how certain repertoires of contention became regenerated and enacted in the Swedish 1980s when anarchism met punk. It shows how the meeting between the Swedish anarchist movement, and the subcultural punk scene, fostered a breeding ground for new forms of activism, a hotbed that regenerated political repertoires buried in the social soil—like pyrophile plants sprouting through a wildfire. The chapter exhibits how the anarchist periodical Brand, published on a regular basis since the late 1800s, was rebranded through anarcho-punk aesthetics and increasingly synchronized with the repertoires of contention signatory to the broader autonomous movement in Europe. Hence, the anarchist politics of direct action prompted in the Swedish 1980s a revived struggle accompanied by the disorderly rebelliousness of punk and the disobedient temporality of prefiguration. When anarchism met punk, the radical struggle against hierarchy and for freedom was not primarily a political goal located at the horizon of time, but rather a politics to enact, to prefigure, a desirable future already in the present.

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Huston, Reeve. "“A Right to the Soil”." In Land and Freedom, 162–74. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195136005.003.0008.

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Schmaltz, Tad M. "Freedom." In Malebranche's Theory of the Soul, 192–234. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/0195103440.003.0007.

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Mareite, Thomas. "“Mexico Was Free! No Slave Clanked His Chains under Its Government”: Contests over Mexico’s Free Soil, 1836–1861." In Conditional Freedom, 181–236. BRILL, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004523289_006.

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White, Monica M. "Black Farmers, Agriculture, and Resistance." In Freedom Farmers, 3–27. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469643694.003.0013.

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Most accounts of African Americans’ relationship to the soil focus on oppression and exploitation. This book offers the untold history of Black farmers’ fight to stay on the land in the southern United States, using agricultural cooperatives as a basis for resistance and community self-determination. This chapter introduces slave gardens as resistance, the Colored Farmers Alliance, the Universal Negro Improvement Association, and food and agriculture in the civil rights and Black Power movements as precursors to the examples of black agricultural cooperatives in Freedom Farmers. These cooperatives demonstrate what White calls collective agency and community resilience, using the primary strategies of prefigurative politics, economic autonomy, and commons as praxis. The archival, ethnographic, and interview-based methods of the book are grounded in the African principle of sankofa: investigating the past to understand the present as a basis of forging a future of our own making.

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"THE ROAD TO “SOUL POWER”:." In Freedom Is, Freedom Ain't, 302–36. Harvard University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1qdqzxd.15.

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Smith, Adam I. P. "An Engine for Freedom." In The Stormy Present. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469633893.003.0005.

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This chapter shows how the doctrine of popular sovereignty retained political appeal even after the Kansas Nebraska Act. It provided the basis for a possible resolution of the national crisis by offering a path to a free soil West which the South would be compelled to accept. The enduring appeal of popular sovereignty helps explain the survival of the Democrats in the North, notwithstanding the underlying antislavery presumptions of most Northern voters.

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Mareite, Thomas. "“Mexico Will Assuredly Be Overrun by the Slaves from the Southern States”: The Making of Free Soil, The Unmaking of the Second Slavery." In Conditional Freedom, 237–50. BRILL, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004523289_007.

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Conference papers on the topic "Freedom of the soil"

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Feng, Xiaowei, and Susan Gourvenec. "A Method for Predicting Six Degrees-of-Freedom Ultimate Limit State of Subsea Mudmats." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23206.

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Rectangular mudmat foundations are extensively deployed in deep waters to support subsea infrastructure leading to renewed interest in optimizing the design of offshore shallow foundations. Offshore industry guidelines (e.g. API RP2GEO and ISO 19901-4) are based on classical bearing capacity theory of a plane strain strip foundation resting on the surface of a uniform Tresca material. More realistic conditions are accounted for through a range of superposed empirical modification factors and the effective width principle. In practice, subsea foundations experience complex loading in six degrees-of-freedom (vertical load, biaxial horizontal load, biaxial moment and torsion), due to expansion and contraction of connected pipelines and jumpers; they may be able to mobilize transient tensile capacity; and they are typically three-dimensional in plan, shallowly embedded and founded on soft, normally consolidated, soils with linearly increasing strength with depth. Accurate determination of the ultimate limit state of subsea mudmats is best achieved by considering the relevant foundation, soil and loading boundary conditions explicitly. In this paper, a simplified approach for predicting the ultimate limit state of mudmat foundations under six degrees-of-freedom, based on failure envelopes, obtained from extensive finite element analyses, is compared with the traditional bearing capacity methods as recommended in industry guidelines.

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Fu, Yong, Lan Huang, Sujie Li, and Fook Hou Lee. "Some Possible Trajectory Planning Methodologies for an Articulated Deep Soil Mixing Equipment with Limited Degrees-of-Freedom." In 2019 IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ssci44817.2019.9002991.

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Lamarque, C. H., Grzegorz Kacprzak, and Jan Awrejcewicz. "Active Control for a 2DOF of Building Including Elastoplastic Soil-Structure Coupling Terms." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/vib-21772.

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Abstract An active control procedure has been applied to a two degrees-of-freedom mechanical system including the elastoplastic terms. The theoretical consideration resulted in a solution to the classical Riccati equations which holds for both stationary and non-stationary cases. The included numerical example demonstrates an efficiency of the introduced theory and the numerical scheme in order to an active control of building-soil-foundation model.

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Zerbato, Luca, Angelo Domenico Vella, Enrico Galvagno, Alessandro Vigliani, Silvio Data, and Matteo Eugenio Sacchi. "A Numerical Analysis of Terrain and Vehicle Characteristics in Off-Road Conditions through Semi-Empirical Tire Contact Modelling." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-2297.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In the last decades, the locomotion of wheeled and tracked vehicles on soft soils has been widely investigated due to the large interest in planetary, agricultural, and military applications. The development of a tire-soft soil contact model which accurately represents the micro and macro-scale interactions plays a crucial role for the performance assessment in off-road conditions since vehicle traction and handling are strongly influenced by the soil characteristics. In this framework, the analysis of realistic operative conditions turns out to be a challenging research target. In this research work, a semi-empirical model describing the interaction between a tire and homogeneous and fine-grained soils is developed in Matlab/Simulink. The stress distribution and the resulting forces at the contact patch are based on well-known terramechanics theories, such as pressure-sinkage Bekker’s approach and Mohr-Coulomb’s failure criterion. The force exerted by the soil on the sidewall of the tire is accounted through the Hegedus blade method. The radial flexibility of the tire is included following the approximated Bekker’s circle substitution method. The contact model is integrated in an 8 Degrees Of Freedom (DOF) vehicle for the simulation of conventional handling maneuvers adopting different soil characteristics on a flat road. A comparison between different driveline layouts is carried out in terms of longitudinal and lateral performance. Moreover, the vehicle is tested using tires with several geometrical and operational characteristics to highlight their influence on tractive and handling behavior.</div></div>

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Feng, Xiaowei, and Susan Gourvenec. "Optimal Shear Key Interval for Offshore Shallow Foundations." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10118.

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Embedment of offshore shallow foundations is typically achieved by ‘skirts’, i.e. thin vertical plates that protrude from the underside of a foundation top plate and penetrate the seabed confining a soil plug. Skirted shallow foundations are often idealized as a solid, rigid element for geotechnical analysis of the foundation, on the assumption that sufficient skirts, or ‘shear keys’ will be provided to ensure that the deformable soil plug displaces as a rigid body. Should too few shear keys be provided, failure mechanisms involving deformation within the soil plug may occur, leading to a reduction in load-carrying capacity. There is currently no formal guidance regarding the optimal spacing of shear keys to ensure rigid body displacement of the soil plug. The absence of guidance may lead to unconservative designs if the number of shear keys is under estimated to save on fabrication or to conservative designs if additional shear keys are provided to minimize the risk associated with the uncertainty. Either case is undesirable and clear benefit is to be gained from a better understanding of shear key spacing. This paper presents guidance on the minimum number of shear keys required to achieve optimal capacity of square and rectangular skirted foundations (i.e. equivalent to that of a solid rigid foundation) under undrained generalized six degree-of-freedom loading in soft soils with linearly increasing shear strength with depth.

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Emami Azadi, M. Reza. "The Influence of Spud-Can-Soil Interaction on Non-Linear Dynamic Response of a Three-Leg North-Sea Drilling Jack-Up System." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57040.

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In the present work, we have studied the effects of jack-up-soil interaction parameters on the global nonlinear dynamic response of jack-up platform. Various support conditions are initially considered for translational as well rotational degrees of freedom of jack-up rig. Then the influence of soil type on the dynamic response of hull is investigated. The soil type is varied between loose to very dense sand and from soft to stiff clays. Meanwhile, the effect of variation of soil’s shear modulus is considered. The effects of spud-can embedment ratio and spud-can apex-angle on the overall dynamic response of jack-up platform are also taken into account.

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Hemmati, Arash, Mahdi Khorasanchi, and Nigel Barltrop. "Analysis of Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations With Soil Damping Models." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-62277.

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Soil damping is usually modeled as a contribution to global proportional or Rayleigh damping in industry and academia. However, this soil damping model does not represent the physical behavior. In this paper, soil damping for offshore wind turbine foundation is modeled by means of dashpots with damping parameters associated with the soil stiffness. The case study used in this paper is a 5MW NREL wind turbine resting on a jacket foundation as the effect of soil damping in this type of foundation is more significant due to its structural nature and number of piles. A number of dashpots for each pile are used with six degrees of freedom to represent soil damping. First, free decay vibrations are assesed for different soil damping levels. Next, the aerodynamic loading is applied at the interface level and the integrated analysis is performed in dynamic mode for stochastic loading. Displacements at top of the foundation, base shear and base moment forces for a number of design load cases are evaluated to assess the effect of quantifying soil damping with dashpots. Also, fatigue damages of different hotspots are assessed and compared with the damages from models with no soil damping. It can be concluded that soil damping modeled by dashpots may provide some additional damping and it is more realistic. It leads to load reductions especially mudline moment, with the maximum of 20% for the peak values. Therefore, this type of soil damping modeling can be used to optimize the design of offshore wind turbine especially for the critical hotspots near the mudline.

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Petersen, Willem, and John McPhee. "A Volumetric Contact Model Approach for Off-Road Tire/Soil Dynamic Simulation." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28772.

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A novel off-road tire model for planetary rover applications is created to investigate the mobility of such exploration vehicles. A volumetric contact model in series with a hyperelastic Bekker soil model is used to derive the contact forces between a deformable tire and soft soil. The volumetric off-road tire model is derived for a cylinder rolling on flat ground, and the rolling resistance can be directly calculated from the volumetric contact model. The longitudinal and lateral tire forces are calculated by integrating the shear stress over the contact patch. To check the consistency of the tire model, it is simulated using a simplified 14 degree of freedom model often used in vehicle dynamics simulations. The results are compared against those of a conventional rigid tire simulated under the same conditions. The deformable tire is shown to generate a 34% higher traction force than the rigid tire. In another steering scenario, the feasibility of this model for handling anyalses is verified.

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Pham Huu, Thang, Akira Sone, and Nanako Miura. "GA-Optimized Fuzzy State Space Model of Multi Degree Freedom Structure Under Seismic Excitation." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65334.

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Active structural control has drawn significant attention in recent decades. In this paper, the problem of active vibration control of multi-degree-freedom structures is considered. Fuzzy logic controller combined with the genetic algorithm (GA) is designed to optimize the parameters of active tuned mass damper (ATMD) for the best results in reduction of the building response under earthquake excitation. The advantage of the fuzzy logic approach is the ability to handle the non-linear behavior of the system. Non-linear behavior of the soil is modeled in the dynamics of the structural system with nonlinear hysteric restoring forces. The building structure with eleven stories is modeled as a 2D frame, which uses tuned mass damper subsystems mounted on the top of the building. A structural system was simulated against the ground motion of the destructive earthquakes. The time history of the story displacements and accelerations, the control voltages and forces, and the frequency responses of both the uncontrolled and the controlled structures are shown in the end of this study. The performance of designed fuzzy logic control is checked using the changing mass parameters of each story and the results are discussed. The comparison between the proposed control and TMD passive control shows that the proposed fuzzy logic controller has great potential in active structural control.

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Midorikawa, Mitsumasa, Masanori Iiba, Nagahide Kani, Norihide Koshika, and Tatsuya Azuhata. "Seismic Evaluation Procedures of Seismically Isolated Buildings Introduced to the Building Code of Japan." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1445.

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The Building Code of Japan (the Building Standard Law of Japan) has been changed from the former prescriptive into performance-based type in June, 2000. This paper presents the evaluation procedures of seismic performance of seismically isolated buildings against major earthquake motions newly introduced to the Building Code of Japan in October, 2000. The evaluation procedures apply the single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system, equivalent linearization and response spectrum analysis. The basic concept of seismic design spectra for major earthquake motions is: 1) basic design spectra defined at the engineering bedrock, and 2) evaluation of site response from geotechnical data of surface soil layers. The principle of evaluation procedures is that the predicted response values should not exceed the estimated limit values. The evaluation criteria of each portion of a building are: 1) the isolation system shall be designed so that the maximum response displacement does not exceed the design limit displacement, and 2) the structure above the isolation system and the foundation and structural elements below the isolation system shall be designed so that the working stress does not exceed the allowable stress. The scope of application of the evaluation procedures is: 1) buildings not exceeding 60 meters in height, and 2) base isolation buildings on the soil layers excluding very soft soils.

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Reports on the topic "Freedom of the soil"

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Lylo, Taras. THE MISSION OF A JOURNALIST IN THE ESSAYISTIC INTERPRETATIONS BY OLEGARIO GONZÁLEZ DE CARDEDAL. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2024.54-55.12156.

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The article analyzes Olegario González de Cardedal’s views on journalistic mission, that he interprets as a “ministry”. For him, a journalist is the minister of the word, the creator and the interpreter of events, the spokesperson of human being and the witness of human hope. For the Spanish Catholic theologian and author, the newspaper is both “structure and soul”. He believes that media is something more than an ordinary profitable enterprise and interprets journalism as a “spiritual ministry”. A prerequisite for the true ministry is the hierarchical system of values. In this context, for González de Cardedal the most important are “decisive values”, “permanent priorities”, from the positions of which one should think. He also defines two main ideals of mass communication: the development of nobility and the strengthening of freedom. In addition, Olegario González de Cardedal emphasizes such features of a journalist as the devotion to the truth, the respect for facts, the professional cognition of the order of reality, the empathy and the freedom in relation to the powerful of this world. Moreover, the essayist pays special attention to the need for a more targeted approach to the coverage of international events. Olegario González de Cardedal believes that a reader first of all looks in a newspaper not only for what helps him get closer to the people who live nearby, but also to those ones who live far away. This, in his opinion, is a necessity at a time when information is a source of orientation in the struggle for existence, especially at a time of integral challenges that make geographical distances relative. “Human life has already reached cosmic proportions, and we cannot be human without being neighbors. Even through a provincial newspaper, great events of the world must travel: its landscapes, its people, its destinies...” Recognizing the fact that all newspapers are fundamentally local, however, the thinker notes, they must all build a common consciousness, convince of the common purpose and hope. Keywords: journalistic mission, newspaper, values, ideals of communication, freedom.

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Synchak, Bohdan. Freedom of choice and freedom of action in the Ukrainian media. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11400.

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The article talks about the philosophical foundations that characterize the mechanism of internal inducement to action. As an academic, constitutional, and socio-ideological concept, the boundaries of freedom are outlined, which are displayed in the field of modern media space. The term «freedom» is considered as several philosophical concepts that formed the basis of the modern interpretation of this concept. The totality of its meanings is generalized into one that is adapted for the modern system. Parallels are drawn between the interaction of the concept of user freedom with the plane of domestic mass media because despite, the fact that consciousness is knowledge, the incoming information directly affects the individual and collective consciousness. Using the example of the most popular digital platforms, the components of the impact on users and the legal aspect of their implementation are analyzed. When considering the issues of freedom of choice and freedom of action on the Internet, special attention is paid to methods of collecting and processing information, in particular, the limitations and possibilities of digital programs-algorithms of the popular search engine Google. The types of personal information collected by Google about the user are classified and the possible mechanisms of influence on personal choice and access to information on the Internet are characterized. The article analyzes the constitutional guarantees of freedom and the impact of digital technologies on them. Particular attention is paid to ethics, in particular journalistic, which nominally regulates the limits of the humane, permissible, a / moral (unacceptable/acceptable) in the implementation of professional information activities in the media. Thus, the issue of freedom of choice and freedom of action in the plane of domestic mass media is subject to an objective examination of its components, they are analyzed for a proper constitutionally suitable phenomenon, which must be investigated from the point of view of compliance with human rights and freedoms and professional standards within the media.

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Porta, Rafael La, Florencio Lopez-de-Silane, Cristian Pop-Eleches, and Andrei Shleifer. The Guarantees of Freedom. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8759.

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Bender, Howard. Fedora, Fission, and Freedom. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2000874.

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Editor, Intersections. Religious Freedom in America. Intersections, Social Science Research Council, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35650/int.4000.d.2024.

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Conrath, Gerald. Leisure, condition of man's freedom. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.350.

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Editors, Intersections. The Politics of Religious Freedom. Intersections, Social Science Research Council, May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35650/int.4065.d.2024.

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Taylor, Bonnie, Avni Patel, Keith Hauret, and Bruce Jones. Deployment Surveillance Summary, U.S. Army Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation New Dawn/Operation Enduring Freedom, 2010. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada619014.

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Taylor, Bonnie, Keith Hauret, Shuva Dawadi, and Bruce H. Jones. Deployment Injury Surveillance Summary, U.S. Army Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom Calendar Year 2009. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada619072.

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Henry, Lennon. The Maroons and freedom in Jamaica. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.939.

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