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Journal articles on the topic 'Freemasonry'
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1
Milinkevičiūtė, Daiva. "TARP DVIEJŲ KOLONŲ: XVIII A. PABAIGOS – XIX A. PRADŽIOS VILNIAUS MASONŲ KASDIENYBĖ SIMBOLIKOJE." Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė Visuomenė. Kasdienybės istorija, T. 4 (October 8, 2018): 144–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33918/xviiiastudijos/t.4/a6.
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The Age of Enlightenment is defined as the period when the universal ideas of progress, deism, humanism, naturalism and others were materialized and became a golden age for freemasons. It is wrong to assume that old and conservative Christian ideas were rejected. Conversely, freemasons put them into new general shapes and expressed them with the help of symbols in their daily routine. Symbols of freemasons had close ties with the past and gave them, on the one hand, a visible instrument, such as rituals and ideas to sense the transcendental, and on the other, intense gnostic aspirations. Freemasons put in a great amount of effort to improve themselves and to create their identity with the help of myths and symbols. It traces its origins to the biblical builders of King Solomon’s Temple, the posterity of the Templar Knights, and associations of the medieval craft guilds, which were also symbolical and became their link not only to each other but also to the secular world. In this work we analysed codified masonic symbols used in their rituals. The subject of our research is the universal Masonic idea and its aspects through the symbols in the daily life of the freemasons in Vilnius. Thanks to freemasons’ signets, we could find continuity, reception, and transformation of universal masonic ideas in the Lithuanian freemasonry and national characteristics of lodges. Taking everything into account, our article shows how the universal idea of freemasonry spread among Lithuanian freemasonry, and which forms and meanings it incorporated in its symbols. The objective of this research is to find a universal Masonic idea throughout their visual and oral symbols and see its impact on the daily life of the masons in Vilnius. Keywords: Freemasonry, Bible, lodge, symbols, rituals, freemasons’ signets.
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Watkin, David. "Freemasonry and Sir John Soane." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 54, no. 4 (December 1, 1995): 402–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/991082.
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Soane's activities as a Freemason, in particular the remarkable hall which he designed for the Grand Lodge in London in 1828, are here analyzed in detail for the first time. The significance of Freemasonry for Soane is exhibited by an investigation of his acquisition and study of books by writers of the Enlightenment such as d'Hancarville, Lenoir, Ledoux, Court de Gébelin, Viel de Saint-Maux, and James Christie, who were either Freemasons or sympathetic to masonic ideals. At the instigation of his friend, H. R. H. the Duke of Sussex, Grand Master of the United Grand Lodge, Soane was given the most unusual commission of designing a Masonic ark in 1813. His Masonic Hall, designed fifteen years later, was an interior rich in symbolic ornament, and bathed in a mysterious light, in which he achieved a deeper religious atmosphere than in any of his designs for Anglican churches.
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Hidayat, Asep Ahmad, Faizal Arifin, Tia Ruli Dais, and Endang Sari Wahyuni. "Dari Orang Belanda Sampai Elit Bumiputera: Kajian Sejarah Freemasonry di Kota Cirebon 1900-1942." AGASTYA: JURNAL SEJARAH DAN PEMBELAJARANNYA 10, no. 2 (July 29, 2020): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.25273/ajsp.v10i2.5402.
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Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi penemuan keramik bersimbol Freemasonry pada makam Sunan Gunung Jati. Sebagai sebuah gerakan yang menentang doktrin keagamaan, Freemasonry seringkali berkonfrontasi dengan kelompok-kelompok agama namun simbol Freemasonry ditemukan di makam tokoh besar penyebar Islam yang berada di Cirebon, kota para wali. Sehingga diperlukan kajian historis untuk mengetahui perkembangan Freemasonry sebagai organisasi rahasia pada masa Hindia Belanda dan bagaimana gerakan tersebut diorganisasikan sampai ke seluruh kota-kota yang dikuasai Belanda dan diharapkan membendung potensi perlawanan dari pusat penyebaran Islam tertua di Jawa yaitu Cirebon. Freemasonry adalah perkumpulan rahasia yang kontroversial, didirikan tahun 1717 dan menyebar ke Belanda tahun 1756. Penelitian Th. Stevens dan Hylkema, menunjukkan bahwa di Hindia Belanda, Freemasonry telah berdiri sejak 1767 dan pernah memiliki 25 loji dengan 1.500 anggota, namun belum membahas perkembangannya di Cirebon. Penelitian bertujuan mengungkapkan sejarah sosial tentang bagaimana perkembangan Freemasonry dalam kajian sejarah lokal dengan bersumber pada arsip-arsip kolonial dan menggunakan metode sejarah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Freemasonry memiliki cabang dengan nama "Vrijmetselaar-Kring Cheribon" yang didirikan orang-orang Belanda tahun 1920. Pada perkembangan selanjutnya, terdapat Freemason yang berasal dari elit bumiputera adalah R. M. A. Pandji Ariodinoto, Bupati Cirebon tahun 1920-1927. Freemasonry memiliki peranan penting untuk mendukung kepentingan-kepentingan Kolonialisme Belanda. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proses kolonialisasi dilakukan juga melalui peran perkumpulan masyarakat yang secara struktural tidak terikat terhadap Pemerintah Kolonial seperti Freemasonry, bahkan memiliki jaringan di ‘kota wali’ yang dikenal religius yaitu Cirebon.
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Venditti, Michela. "The Women’s Question among the Masons of Russian Paris." Literary Fact, no. 20 (2021): 314–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2541-8297-2021-20-314-332.
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The article is a introduction to the publication of the minutes of the meetings of the Russian lodge "Northern Star" in Paris, concerning the discussion on the admission of women to freemasonry. The proposed archival materials, deposited in the National Library of France in Paris, date back to 1945 and 1948. The women's issue became more relevant after the Second World War due to the fact that Masonic lodges had to recover and recruit new adherents. The article offers a brief overview of the women's issue in the history of Freemasonry in general, and in the Russian emigrant environment in particular. One of the founders of the North Star lodge, M. Osorgin, spoke out in the 1930s against the admission of women. In the discussions of the 1940s, the Masonic brothers repeat his opinion almost literally. Women's participation in Freemasonry is rejected using either gender or social arguments. Russian Freemasons mostly cite gender reasons: women have no place in Freemasonry because they are not men. Freemasonry, according to Osorgin, is a cult of the male creative principle, which is not peculiar to women. Discussions about the women's issue among Russian emigrant Freemasons are also an important source for studying their literary work; in particular, the post-war literary works of Gaito Gazdanov are closely connected with the Masonic ideology.
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Markovich, Slobodan. "The Grand Lodge of Yugoslavia between France and Britain (1919-1940)." Balcanica, no. 50 (2019): 261–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc1950261m.
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The paper deals with the orientation of the Yugoslav freemasonry during the existence of the Grand Lodge of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes ?Jugoslavia? (GLJ), later the Grand Lodge of Yugoslavia (GLY). The state of freemasonry in Serbia on the eve of the Great War is briefly described and followed by an analysis of how the experience of the First World War influenced Serbian freemasons to establish strong ties with French freemasonry. During the 1920s the Grand Lodge ?Jugoslavia? maintained very close relations with the Grand Orient of France and the Grand Lodge of France, and this was particularly obvious when GLJ got the opportunity to organise the Masonic congress for peace in Belgrade in 1926 through its links with French Freemasonry. Grand Master Georges Weifert (1919-34) also symbolised close links of French and Serbian freemasonry. However, his deputy and later Grand Master Douchan Militchevitch (1934-39) initiated in 1936 the policy of reorientation of Yugoslav freemasonry to the United Grand Lodge of England. Although there had already been such initiatives, they could not be materialised due to the fact that it was not until 1930 that the United Grand Lodge of England (UGLE) recognised several continental grand lodges, including GLJ. In a special section efforts of GLJ to be recognised by UGLE are analysed. Efforts for reorientation of GLY were conducted through several persons, including Douchan Militchevitch (1869-1939), Stanoje Mihajlovic (1882-1946), Vladimir Corovic (1885-1941) and Dragan Militchevitch (1895-1942). Special attention is given to the plans of GLY?s grand master to make the Duke of York (subsequently King George VI), who was a very dedicated freemason, an honorary past master of GLY. This plan failed, and the main idea behind it was to make GLY more resistant to internal clerical attacks and also to the external pressure of Italy. Mihajlovic?s three official Masonic visits to Britain (1933-39) are analysed as well as a private visit of Corovic and Dragan Militchevitch in March 1940. In the context of the visits made in 1939-40 plans to establish an Anglo-Yugoslav lodge are also analysed. Finally, the context of the de facto ban on Yugoslav freemasonry in August 1940 is given and the subsequent fates of its pro-British actors are also described.
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Calance, Mădălina. "JACOB’s LADDER: Reason, Liberty and Science. The Contribution of Freemasonry to the Enlightenment." Human and Social Studies 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 111–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hssr-2013-0033.
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Abstract The theme of the article relies to the particular contribution of Freemasonry in the initiation and development of modernity, focusing on science, religion and politics. We know that, during the late Middle Ages, the European society was obedient to the „Church-Tradition-Monarchy” trinity; this status-quo collapsed due to the rational way of thinking; also the establishment of the universal human rights belongs to the Enlightenment, whose theses were supported mainly by Freemasons. Many researchers have proposed to show the extent to which Freemasonry helped to build the ideals of Enlightenment. The main conclusions that can be drawn, by analyzing their tracks, are: (1) All famous leaders of the Enlightenment had connections to Freemasonry; (2) The Enlightenment tenets overlap Freemasonry tenets, and, therefore they were supported and propagated by English, French, and American lodges; (3) Freemasonry progressively turned into a transnational vehicle for liberal thinking, disseminating the concepts of property and freedom in Europe and across the Atlantic.
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Arifin, Faizal, Rahmat Mulya Nugraha, and Taryadi Taryadi. "Sejarah Freemasonry di Tasikmalaya,1902-1939." Jazirah: Jurnal Peradaban dan Kebudayaan 2, no. 1 (July 29, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.51190/jazirah.v2i1.4.
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Penelitian didasarkan pada eksistensi kelompok rahasia Freemasonry yang misterius pada masa Hindia Belanda namun sampai menjangkau wilayah-wilayah terkecil di Nusantara. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengkaji sejarah serta peran para tokoh Freemason di Tasikmalaya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah yaitu heuristik, kritik, interpretasi dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Tasikmalaya terdapat anggota Freemasonry yaitu elit bumiputera Bupati Raden Somanah Soeria di Redja, serta Eggink, Stam dan Onnen dari kalangan orang Belanda. Freemasonry pada masa Hindia Belanda bukan mitos akan tetapi eksis dan berperan mendorong tegaknya Kolonialisme Belanda dan gagasan Sekulerisme terhadap agama di Nusantara.
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Turóczy, Zsófia. "Hungarian Freemasons as “Builders of the Habsburg Empire” in Southeastern Europe." Hungarian Historical Review 11, no. 2 (2022): 329–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.38145/2022.2.329.
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In the 1890s, Hungarian Freemasonry began to expand its sphere of influence in southeastern Europe. The establishment of lodges in the southeastern border areas and even outside the Kingdom of Hungary exemplifies this expansion. When devising explanations for this policy, the Hungarian Freemasons made use of colonial and imperial discourses to justify expansion into the “Orient” with reference to the alleged civilizing role they attributed to Freemasonry. They divided the world into two parts from a cultural-civilizational point of view: one where Freemasonry was already established and flourishing and another where this form of community and social practice was not yet known or established. This discourse was entangled with political, economic, and academic practices that were prevalent among the Hungarian Freemasons. Masonic activities and discourses therefore merit consideration in the cultural and social context of their time and analysis from the perspective of new imperial histories, especially since the importance of the discourses and political symbolisms used in the expansion and maintenance of imperial structures has already been pointed out by many historians and scholars of cultural studies within the framework of New Imperial History and postcolonial studies With a view to the undertakings of Hungarian Freemasons in the Balkans, this paper asks whether Hungarian Freemasons can also be considered “Builders of the Habsburg Empire.” This question is particularly relevant given that Freemasonry was only permitted in the Hungarian half of the Dual Monarchy. Thus, Hungarian Freemasons acted as both national and imperial actors, and they did so independently of Vienna. As the framework for my discussion here, I focus in this article on the discourses and activities of the Symbolic Grand Lodge of Hungary and the contributions of the most relevant actors, such as the Turkologist Ignácz Kúnos and the journalist and deputy director of the Hungarian Museum of Commerce, Armin Sasváris.
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Khil'chenko, Mariya Viktorovna. "History of emergence of Freemasonry in the early XVIII – late XIX centuries." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 2 (February 2021): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2021.2.32403.
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This article is dedicated to the history of emergence of the Masonic lodge in England and disclosure of the concept of “freemason”. The author reveals and describes the peculiarities of the emergence of Freemasonry, tracing its evolution from the antiquity until the XIX century. Its ancient history is divided into the two main periods (prior and after 1717, i.e. the creation of the Grand Lodge in England). The article describes such events from the history of Freemasonry as the establishment of the First Grand Lodge in England; creation of the Premier Lodge, Anderson’s Constitutions, and the Third Degree; the Great Schism of Freemasonry that tool place 1877; the Taxil hoax. Analysis is conducted on the relationship between the English and French factions of Freemasonry. The obtained results are accurate, since the analysis of the history of Freemasonry was carried based on the wide range of historical facts. The comprehensive analysis of the history of emergence of Freemasonry is carried out for the first time within the Russian-language historical literature, which defines the scientific novelty of this work. The author outlines the further prospects for studying the history of Freemasonry, such as accumulation of the reliable scientific information on the early history of the lodge, examination of the history of other Masonic factions (French, Italian, etc.), as well as the origin of Freemasonry in Russia.
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Arrieta-López, Milton. "Freemasonry in Colombia (18th-19th centuries): French or continental origin, leading Freemasons, the Catholic Church, political parties and revolutionary elements in South America." Perseitas 9 (November 5, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21501/23461780.3777.
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The history of Colombian Freemasonry can be divided into three clearly identifiable stages, this work focused on the first historical stage characterized by the influence of continental European Freemasonry. This article analyzed the essence of French freemasonry on the origin of the Colombian nation-state. The impact of operative or patriotic lodges in South America was reviewed in general, as well as the relations between the Catholic Church and the 19th-century leading freemasons. The methodology used is documentary review, bibliographic and critical analysis when consulting, reviewing and analyzing reference sources. The article attempts to gauge the scope of the masonic influence on the process of independence from Spain, and it arrives at the conclusion that without the intervention of masonic elements the revolutionary goals would not have materialized in the way they did.
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Elliott, PAUL, and STEPHEN Daniels. "The ‘school of true, useful and universal science’? Freemasonry, natural philosophy and scientific culture in eighteenth-century England." British Journal for the History of Science 39, no. 2 (June 2006): 207–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087406007965.
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Freemasonry was the most widespread form of secular association in eighteenth-century England, providing a model for other forms of urban sociability and a stimulus to music and the arts. Many members of the Royal Society and the Society of Antiquaries, for instance, were Freemasons, while historians such as Margaret Jacob have argued that Freemasonry was inspired by Whig Newtonianism and played an important role in European Enlightenment scientific education. This paper illustrates the importance of natural philosophy in Masonic rhetoric and utilizes material from Masonic histories, lodge records and secondary works to demonstrate that scientific lectures were indeed given in some lodges. It contends, however, that there were other sources of inspiration for Freemasonry besides Newtonianism, such as antiquarianism, and that many other factors as well as the prevalence of Masonic lodges determined the geography of English scientific culture. Although the subject of Freemasonry and natural philosophy has great potential, as Jacob has demonstrated so well, much further work, especially in the form of prosopographical studies of provincial lodges, is required before the nature of the relationship between the two can be fully appreciated.
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Zhang, Xinyi. "The Analysis of the Queen of the Night." Communications in Humanities Research 22, no. 1 (December 7, 2023): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/22/20231701.
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Mozarts Die Zauberflote stands as one of his masterpieces, characterized by a significant Freemasonic influence. Within the opera, the Queen of the Nights aria serves as a defining moment for the soprano singer. Portrayed as the mother of the heroine Pamina, she undergoes a transformation in her personality, transitioning from a loving mother to an evil one. This paper will delve into the elements of Freemasonry that shape her character, such as the inclusion of Egyptian motifs, the conflict between fatherhood and motherhood, and the rituals of the Freemasons. Furthermore, it will conduct a psychological analysis of her motives using the theory of archetypal women. The archetype of the Great Mother has been expressed through various symbols throughout history, predating humanitys understanding, manifesting in forms such as fairy tale fairies, witches, and stepmothers. Die Zauberflote, as a fairy tale, also includes these elements. This paper uses the Great Mother God theory to explore the reasons and rationality of her transformation and how music describes her psychological movement.
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Stevenson, David. "Four Hundred Years of Freemasonry in Scotland." Scottish Historical Review 90, no. 2 (October 2011): 280–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2011.0037.
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Scotland has the oldest masonic lodges and the oldest masonic records in the world, predating their English counterparts by over a century. Yet freemasonry is usually neglected by social and cultural historians, partly, it may be, through ignorance and negative stereotypes of the movement and partly through the excessive secrecy of freemasons in the past. It is the purpose of this paper to survey the movement's development and indicate the many aspects of ‘the Craft’ that could prove rich subjects for research. Scottish lodges began as organisations of stonemasons but, at first slowly, began to admit men from other crafts and men of higher social status. This process accelerated fast after the foundation of a Grand Lodge in London in 1717: freemasonry became fashionable. But though many lodges came to be dominated by men of high status, many others remained – and remain – skilled working class in membership.
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Varga, Attila. "Eugenics and Freemasonry in the Banat during the first half of the XX Century: The Banat-Crişana Social Institute." DELTOS 33, no. 51 (June 14, 2024): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/dj.38115.
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The present study highlights the beginning of the dissemination of eugenic ideas in Banat, Caraș and the Severin counties, in two different phases: before and after the World War I. On the basis of archival documents, we have shown that Freemasonry, namely the “Dél” (South) Lodge of Lugoj, played an important role in the dissemination of eugenic ideas in the aforementioned area. After the Great Union of 1918, eugenics activism in the province was taken over by the members of the prestigious Banat-Crișana Social Institute, founded in 1932. Nevertheless, the role of Freemasonry in spreading eugenic ideas did not diminish in this new period. This is due to cultural and scientific personalities such as Cornel Grofșorean, who was a publicist, journalist, politician, director of the Institute’s journal, but also a Freemason in the Lugoj Lodge.
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Varga, Attila Carol. "King Oscar II of Sweden and his connections with the Romanian freemasonry." Swedish Journal of Romanian Studies 7, no. 2 (May 15, 2024): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35824/sjrs.v7i2.25931.
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The present analysis represents a novel approach to the issue of Romanian-Swedish bilateral relations in the second half of the 19th century. This time, the focus is on the dimension of contacts between Romanian and Swedish Freemasonry. This was conducted in the second half of the 19th century by King Oscar II himself. In 1885 he made an official visit to Bucharest with Queen Sofia. On this occasion, he was made an honorary member of the Grand National Lodge of Romania (M.L.N.R.). Far from being merely a protocol award, it held a special significance. This visit underlined the desire of Constantin Moroiu, Grand Master of the Grand National Lodge of Romania, to gain international recognition for this Romanian Masonic powerIt was a very turbulent period in the history of Romanian Freemasonry, marked by a series of interventions by the Grand Orient of Italy in its internal affairs. With the award of this distinction, Romanian Freemasons sought to strengthen their internal unity through external recognition from all Masonic powers. To this end, the help of the Grand Lodge of Sweden was essential. The desire to consolidate the unity of Romanian Freemasonry was a natural reality, given the fact that Romania was proclaimed a Kingdom in 1881 and became a base of stability in this part of the continent.
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Курылев, К. П. "Freemasonry in Ukraine from the Origin and until 1919 Characteristic Features." Диалог со временем, no. 83(83) (July 31, 2023): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2023.83.83.007.
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В статье рассматриваются основные этапы развития масонства на Украине в период ее вхождения в состав Российской империи и вплоть до 1919 г. Показано, что масонство на малороссийских землях появляется примерно в то же время, что и на территории остальной России. У его истоков стояли выходцы из-за рубежа. Причем, что примечательно, речь шла даже об одной фигуре, генерал-аншефе Дж. Кейте, который был как основателем масонства на Украине, так и провинциальным гроссмейстером для России. С учетом того, что часть территории современной Украины находилась в те годы в составе Речи Посполитой, процессы создания масонских лож шли параллельно с Россией. Масонство, соответственно, распространялось на Украине тремя путями: через Польшу, через Россию и непосредственно из западноевропейских стран, причем Галичина и Правобережная Украина относились к польской «сфере влияния», а Левобережье и Слобожанщина – к русской. В силу тесных связей украинских масонов с декабристами, масонские ложи на Украине были запрещены в 1819 г. и возникли вновь в начале ХХ в. Формирование украинской интеллигенции и ее участие в революционном и национальном движении открыли на рубеже XIХ–XX вв. новый этап в украинском масонстве, лучше организованном и более политизированном с учетом связей с Великим Востоком Франции, являвшейся флагманом либерального масонства. The article discusses the main stages of the development of Freemasonry in the Ukraine as a part of the Russian Empire and up to 1919. It is shown that Freemasonry appears on the Malorossiya lands simultaneously as on the resting territory of of Russia. Its roots are about the same. The originators were foreigners from abroad. And, remarkably, it was even about one figure, the general-anshef James Keith, who was both the founder of Freemasonry in the Ukraine and a provincial grandmaster for Russia. Regarding the fact that part of the territory of the today’s Ukraine was in those years part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the processes of creating Masonic lodges went parallel with Russian one. Freemasonry, accordingly, spread in the Ukraine in three ways: through Poland, through Russia and directly from Western European countries, with Galicia and the Right-Bank Ukraine belonging to the Polish "sphere of influence", and the Left Bank and Slobozhanshchina – to the Russian side. Due to the close ties of the Ukrainian Freemasons with the Decembrists, Masonic lodges in the Ukraine were banned in 1819 and re-emerged in the early XX century. The formation of the Ukrainian intelligentsia and its participation in the revolutionary and national movement opened at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries a new stage in the Ukrainian Freemasonry, but better organized and more politicized, due to ties with the Great East of France, which was the flagship of liberal Freemasonry in the world.
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DUMONT, PAUL. "Freemasonry in Turkey: a by-product of Western penetration." European Review 13, no. 3 (July 2005): 481–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s106279870500058x.
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Towards the middle of the nineteenth century, various European Masonic obediences set up lodges throughout the Ottoman empire, many in Istanbul, while another important centre was Smyrna. Freemasons were also active in Lebanon, Syria, Egypt, Cyprus and Macedonia. Lodges were established in the main political, economic and cultural centres of the Empire. There was a strong parallelism between the Ottoman Masonic geography and that of European colonial expansion. It is easy to delineate the social and ethnic structure of lodges, but we know less about what was going on behind the walls of Masonic temples. For sure, Ottoman Freemasons, like their brethren in other parts of the world, when not busy with ‘table works’ or ceremonies, dedicated themselves to philanthropic activities. A considerable part of the annual income of the lodges was used to finance various charitable works (assistance to orphans, to brethren in distress …) and to fund educational institutions. The lodges were also places for the discussion and exchange of ideas about current themes: socialism, feminism, venereal diseases, progress of science, etc. Some mingled with politics, displaying a highly nationalistic discourse. The politicization of Ottoman/Turkish freemasonry climaxed during the years of the Young Turk revolution (1908–1914), when an autochthonous obedience was created. One of the goals of the new organization, coldly received by most European freemasonries, was to rid the Ottoman Empire of foreign penetration. After the proclamation of the Turkish Republic in 1923, this national freemasonry continued to flourish, except for 13 years between 1935 and 1948 when Masonic activity was banned.
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Le Moal, René. "Freemasonry today." La chaîne d'union N° 42, no. 4 (January 4, 2007): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cdu.042.0089.
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Kondakov, Yuri E. "Documents on Freemasonry from the Archive of Archimandrite Photius (Spassky)." Herald of an archivist, no. 3 (2020): 676–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2020-3-676-691.
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The article introduces into scientific use an analytical note on Freemasonry addressed to Alexander I. In Europe in the 18th – 19th centuries, there was extensive anti-Masonic literature. In Russia, such works were rare. Reputedly, the greatest Russian extirpator of Freemasonry was Archimandrite Photius (Spassky). The ban of Masonic lodges in 1822 is attributed to his influence on Alexander I. Photius was one of the leaders of the social movement of the Russian Orthodox opposition. Among other objects of its criticism were the Masonic lodges. However, a consolidated anti-Masonic action failed to materialize. Now it has been made possible to explain the opposition’s restraint in its attitude to Freemasonry. Four volumes of documents belonging to archimandrite Photius have been found in the Russian State Historical Archive. These are the materials from 1817-1832. The collection includes personal documents of Photius, messages and letters of Metropolitan Seraphim (Glagolevsky), A.A. Arakcheev, A.S. Shishkov, Metropolitan Filaret (Drozdov). Many of these documents were handed over to Emperor Alexander I and influenced his change of heart in the politics. An anonymous note on Freemasonry from the Photius collection is included in the article in its entirety as a rare example of an anti-Masonic message to the Emperor. The note gives a retrospective of the Masonic movement in Russia. It describes what influence the masons of the 18th century had on Freemasonry of the 19th century. Most mentioned Masonic leaders belonged to the “Rosicrucian” system of Freemasonry (Order of the Golden and Pink Cross). The author of the note assured the emperor that there were Rosicrucians in his inner circle. He named Senator I.V. Lopukhin, publisher and translator A.F. Labzin, R.A. Koshelev, and the tsar’s friend, Minister A.N. Golitsyn. Photius’s documents show that criticism of Freemasonry was not the focus of the Russian Orthodox opposition activities. Among the opposition there were people who shared the idea of a worldwide Masonic conspiracy: S.I. Smirnov, M.L. Magnitsky. In Archimandrite In the Photius’s documents references to Freemasonry are very rare. At the time of the opposition’s action in 1824, the issue of Freemasonry was no longer relevant, since Freemasonry was subjected to a government ban in 1822.
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Brown, Matthew B. "Girded about with a Lambskin." Journal of Book of Mormon Studies (1992-2007) 6, no. 2 (October 1, 1997): 124–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/44758824.
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Abstract The publication of the Book of Mormon brought forward the first of many comparisons between the restorational work of the Prophet Joseph Smith and his surrounding environment, including Freemasonry. One point of comparison has been the lambskin apparel mentioned in 3 Nephi 4:7. I will suggest a possible connection between this item of apparel and ritual clothing that was worn in ancient Israel, Egypt, and Mesoamerica. I will also suggest a possible reason for the use of this item of clothing among the secret combinations in the Book of Mormon. Finally, I will discuss the lambskin apron used in Freemasonic ritual.
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Kochetkova, Natal’ia Dmitrievna. "A. P. Sumarokov and Freemasonry." Russkaya literatura 1 (2022): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31860/0131-6095-2022-1-30-39.
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The article analyzes the overall attitude of A. P. Sumarokov to Freemasonry, as well as examines his particular works related to this issue. The analyzed works testify to Sumarokov’s critical attitude to Russian Freemasonry.
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KOROLEV, Yu A. "THE PHENOMENON OF SWEDISH FREEMASONARY IN RUSSIAN AND EUROPEAN HISTORY." JOURNAL OF PUBLIC AND MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION 10, no. 2 (2021): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2225-8272-2021-10-2-153-162.
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The purpose of the article is to study the history of one of the little-known Masonic organizations - the Swe-dish Rite of Freemasonry. A significant part of the work is devoted to the Swedish system development in Russia and the ties between Russian and Swedish Freemasonry. The author pays attention to the specific nature of the Swedish ritual, which differs in many respects from traditional Freemasonry. These con-cerns, first of all, the legend about the origin of Swe-dish Freemasonry from the medieval Knights Templar order. Based on this legend, the analysis of the hierarchy of Swedish ritual degrees is given and their inter-nal content is revealed. This article can become the basis for a great scientific research of the Swedish Masonic system and the peculiarities of its existence in various European countries.
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Dóci, Viliam Štefan. "Two Enlightenment Dominicans among the Freemasons in Eighteenth-Century Vienna." Catholic Historical Review 109, no. 3 (June 2023): 486–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cat.2023.a907447.
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Abstract: Two Austrian Dominicans, Albert Tschick and Franz Poschinger, belonged to Freemasonry in the 1780s. Although their shared interest in the Enlightenment led them to join, they took different paths as members of the association. The article outlines the brief biographies of the two Friars Preachers, sketches their development as Enlightenment preachers, and presents the Masonic period of their lives in the context of the history of Austrian Freemasonry. It contributes to a more nuanced view of the relationship of the Catholic clergy and the Friars Preachers to Freemasonry in the eighteenth century.
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Gorbachev, D. V. "I.A. Fessler in Volga Region." Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations 10, no. 2 (2010): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2010-10-2-88-92.
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In Russian and European historiography D. V. Gorbachev’s article presents the first example of a critical analysis dealing with memoirs of I. A. Fessler, being a German thinker, public and religious figure, writer and freemason. The author purposes to estimate the reliability of information about Fessler’s stay in Saratov Volga region in 1810–1820th which is described in these memoirs. In connection with this aim author ascertains the subjects, which are passed by Fessler over (circumstances of his journey from St. Petersburg to Saratov province, Saratov Freemasonry, conflicts connected with a church practice of the Volga Germans).
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Harland-Jacobs, Jessica L. "Freemasonry across Empires." Journal for Research into Freemasonry and Fraternalism 5, no. 1 (December 17, 2015): 14–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jrff.v5i1.23977.
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Killey, S. H. "Concerned about freemasonry." Nursing Standard 10, no. 6 (November 1995): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.10.6.34.s42.
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Solov'ev, O. F. "Freemasonry in Russia." Russian Studies in History 34, no. 4 (April 1996): 27–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/rsh1061-1983340427.
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Wall, David. "Putting freemasonry into perspective: The debate over freemasonry and policing." Policing and Society 3, no. 4 (March 1994): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439463.1994.9964674.
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Bayer, Natalie. "Enlightenment or Counter-Enlightenment in Russia? Enlightenment or Counter-Enlightenment in Russia? Century." International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity 7, no. 1 (November 2, 2019): 1089–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/hcm.599.
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The article explores the themes of Enlightenment and Counter-Enlightenment through the lens of Freemasonry, and, more specifically, Freemasons in Russia who wrote history. It tests the approaches of Masonic history writers against Berlin’s definitions of the Enlightenment and Counter-Enlightenment. Whilst a definitive break between the Enlightenment and Counter-Enlightenment seems attractive, the article advances a more nuanced picture of the plurality of religious and secular discourse in Russia. Instead of opposing the Enlightenment, many late eighteenth-century Masonic writers of history provided their own, alternative interpretative models of history as a way out of the perceived crisis between the mind and the soul.
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Petronis, Vytautas. "Vokiečių masonų karinės ložės Lietuvoje 1916–1918 metais." Lietuvos istorijos metraštis 2021/1 (June 7, 2021): 83–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33918/25386549-202101004.
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ANNOTATION. The article offers a brief overview of German military Masonic lodges, their origin, evolution, and the attitude towards the war, which were known to foster humanistic principles. Two military lodges, the German Guard on the River Nemunas (Deutsche Wacht an der Memel), and Vilnius for the Flaming Sword (Wilna zum Flammenden Schwert), which operated in present-day Lithuania from 1916 to 1918, are subjected to a detailed analysis. The aim of the study is to offer some information about the two specific and little-known branches of the German Freemasonry on the foreign soil. KEYWORDS: First World War, Vilnius, Kaunas, Freemasons, military lodges.
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Thomas L. Cooksey. "Fictions of Freemasonry: Freemasonry and the German Novel (review)." Goethe Yearbook 7, no. 1 (1994): 283–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/gyr.2011.0343.
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Macpherson, Jay. "Fictions of Freemasonry: Freemasonry and the German Novel (review)." Eighteenth-Century Fiction 5, no. 2 (1993): 183–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ecf.1993.0020.
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Macpherson, Jay. "The Magic Fluteand Freemasonry." University of Toronto Quarterly 76, no. 4 (October 2007): 1072–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/utq.76.4.1072.
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Landau, Jacob. "Muslim Opposition to Freemasonry." Die Welt des Islams 36, no. 2 (1996): 186–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570060962597481.
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Kilde, Jeanne Halgren. "The Spectacle of Freemasonry." American Quarterly 50, no. 2 (1998): 376–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aq.1998.0021.
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Walgren, Kent. "Fast and Loose Freemasonry." Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 18, no. 3 (October 1, 1985): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/45227999.
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MURPHY, SEÁN. "Irish Jacobitism and Freemasonry." Eighteenth-Century Ireland 9, no. 1 (January 1994): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/eci.1994.6.
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Nutrikhin, Roman. "R. Pound. Freemasonry and the Law / transl. from English by E.L. Kuzmishin." Gosudarstvo i pravo, no. 1 (2023): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102694520021918-0.
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The review considers book “Freemasonry and Law” by Roscoe Pound, translated into Russian by E. L. Kuzmishin, Candidate of History. Brief biographical information about the author is given, as well as information about his participation in Freemasonry. Pound’s importance in the development of the sociological school of law is emphasized. The scientific contribution of this book to modern Russian legal literature in the areas of theory of state and law, Philosophy of Law, history of legal and political teachings is noted.
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Nikolyukin, Alexander. "THE ARCHITECTONICS OF V.F. ODOEVSKY’S “RUSSIAN NIGHTS”." Lomonosov Journal of Philology, no. 6 (March 19, 2023): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0130-0075-9-2022-6-100-108.
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V.F. Odoevsky’s philosophical novel comprises a collection of manuscripts of short stories presented by young people led by Faust, whose name began to denote the author of the novel as the “Russian Faust”. Odoevsky joined Freemasonry at the Noble University Boarding School, the head of which was A.A. Prokopovich-Antonsky, a friend of N.I. Novikov. Odoevsky’s youth, the period of the love of wisdom, passed under the influence of Schelling’s philosophy and the ideas of Freemasonry, the teachings of de Saint-Martin and F. Baader. Th e architectonics of “Russian Nights” as a philosophical novel is determined by conversations and disputes about the issues of modern life among the young characters of the story. “Russian Nights” is a complex combination of mystical Freemasonry and the teachings of Schelling. It is a large philosophical and ethical treatise, representing a motley collection of ideas and opinions on almost all issues of the life and thinking of Russian people in the fi rst half of the 19th century.
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Varga, Attila. "Film, Medicine and Freemasonry: Jenő Janovics and the Transylvanian “Hollywood”." DELTOS 33, no. 51 (June 14, 2024): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/dj.38114.
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This study highlights the life and work of Jenő Janovics, a renowned Hungarian theater director in Cluj, the capital of Transylvania. Janovics was a multi-talented figure, excelling as a film director and actor, and was also a freemason. Often hailed as the creator of Transylvanian “Hollywood”, he directed a total of 66 films. One of them, “The Horror of the World” (Hu: “Világrém”, 1920), focuses on medicine and its preventive role in safeguarding societal health. Using cinematography, Janovics expressed the concerns of both the physicians and the freemasons of Cluj regarding the detrimental impact of immorality and veneral diseases on the individual and the nation. At a time of profound political, territorial and social changes, this silent movie highlights the importance of medicine in society.
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Prihatno, Setyahadi. "PENGARUH THEOSOFI DAN FREEMASON DI INDONESIA (Kajian Analitis Simbol-simbol Theosofi dan Freemason dalam Lirik Lagu dan Sampul Kaset Album Grup Musik Dewa 19)." Profetika: Jurnal Studi Islam 17, no. 01 (June 19, 2016): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/profetika.v17i01.2098.
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The lyrics and album cover of Dewa 19 wave of criticism with many symbols or emblemsthat allegedly represent the ancient mystical beliefs and visually turns almost identicalto the symbols on the Thesofi anf Freemason. It lead to the possibility of meaning similarity.Four main points discussed in this study is about the meaning of the lyrics of the album’ssongs of Dewa 19 band, regarding the visual appearance and meaning of symbols in the coverof the album of Dewa 19, reviewing the structure of the relationship between the lyrics and thesymbols in the album of Dewa 19 with Theosofi and Freemason, as well as explain the impactof visualization and dissemination of these symbols in a album of Dewa 19 cassette. Dewa 19has consistently display the lyrics of songs and symbols of Theosofi and Freemasonry teachingsstarted from his first album. Symbols are cleverly laid out in various ways and can onlybe seen with certain ways. The pattern of symbols has a characteristic appearance as well asits own theme. The structure of relations that are drawn in this study relates to the profile ofAhmad Dhani, Theosofi and Freemason teachings, text and lyrics, as well as a visual displayof Theosofi and Freemasons symbols in Dewa 19 album. Display representations of symbolscontained in the album cover of Dewa 19 concluded have relevance in form and meaning tothe symbols of the teachings or understood Occult, Paganism, Kaballah and Theosofi, as wellas movements such as secret Zionist, Illuminati and Freemasonry.Keywords: symbol; theosofi; freemason.Abstrak: Lirik dan sampul album Dewa 19 menuai banyak kritik dengan banyaknya simbolatau lambang yang diduga merepresentasikan kepercayaan mistik kuno dan secara visualternyata nyaris identik dengan simbol-simbol pada Theosofi dan Freemason.Hal tersebutmengarahkan pada adanya kemungkinan kesamaan makna. Empat hal utama yang dibahasdalam penelitian ini adalah mengenai makna dari lirik lagu album grup musik Dewa 19, mengenaitampilan visual dan makna simbol dalam sampul album Dewa 19, mengkaji strukturrelasi antara lirik lagu dan simbol dalam album Dewa 19 dengan Theosofi dan Freemason,serta menjelaskan dampak dari visualisasi dan penyebaran simbol-simbol tersebut dalam kasetalbum Dewa 19. Dewa 19 secara konsisten telah menampilkan lirik lagu dan simbol-simbolajaran Theosofi dan Freemason dari mulai album pertamanya. Simbol secara cerdik diletakkandengan berbagai cara dan hanya bisa dilihat dengan cara-cara tertentu. Pola pemunculan simbolmemiliki ciri serta tema tersendiri. Struktur relasi yang ditarik dalam penelitian ini berkaitandengan profil Ahmad Dhani, ajaran Theosofi dan Freemason, teks dan lirik lagu, sertatampilan visual simbol-simbol Theosofi dan Freemason dalam album Dewa 19. Representasitampilan simbol yang terdapat dalam sampul album Dewa 19 disimpulkan memiliki keterkaitansecara bentuk dan makna dengan simbol-simbol dari ajaran atau paham Okultisme,Paganisme, Kaballah serta Theosofi, serta pergerakan-pergerakan rahasia Zionisme Yahudi seperti, Illuminati dan Freemasonry.Kata kunci: symbol; theosofi; freemason.
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Snoek, Jan A. M. "Researching Freemasonry; Where are we?" Journal for Research into Freemasonry and Fraternalism 1, no. 2 (December 19, 2010): 225–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jrff.v1i2.225.
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Brooks, Joanna. "Prince Hall, Freemasonry, and Genealogy." African American Review 34, no. 2 (2000): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2901249.
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Moret-Miranda, Karo. "Incorporating the Averse. Emulating Freemasonry?" Revista de Estudios Históricos de la Masonería Latinoamericana y Caribeña 12, no. 1-2 (July 1, 2020): 337–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rehmlac.v12i1-2.41637.
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The researcher Karo Moret-Miranda has defended a doctoral thesis dissertation, entitled “Incorporating the Averse. Emulating Freemasonry? Approach to racial and hermeneutical entanglement in the Abakuá religious exercitatio” at Pompeu Fabra University in Spain the December 20th, 2019.
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WOZNIUK, VLADIMIR. "Freemasonry in Evgenii Zamiatin's We." Russian Review 70, no. 2 (March 16, 2011): 288–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9434.2011.00612.x.
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Nasierowski, Tadeusz, and Jonathan Britmann. "Freemasonry and psychiatry in Poland." History of Psychiatry 23, no. 3 (August 13, 2012): 329–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957154x11428539.
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Mirala, Petri. "Freemasonry in Ulster, 1733–1813." Irish Economic and Social History 27, no. 1 (June 2000): 84–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/033248930002700112.
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Holm, Nils. "Freemasonry and its social position in Finland." Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis 20 (January 1, 2008): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30674/scripta.67327.
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Freemasonry, with its roots in the seventeenth century, has had to suffer insults and sometimes even attacks from society. In this article the author looks more closely at Freemasonry in Finland, where it first appeared in the mid-eighteenth century, in the light of the suspicion and negative treatment it had to suffer. The deprecatory attitude of individuals and various social organisations towards Freemasonry varied over time, but there was often an underlying suspicion among the general public. This was expressed in the form of legends and folk tales of a more or less dramatic nature.
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Прилуцкий, В. В. "Freemasons and Anti-Masons in British North America and the United States in the 18th – First Half of the 19th Centuries: Ideological Confrontation." Диалог со временем, no. 79(79) (August 20, 2022): 280–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2022.79.79.018.
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В статье рассматриваются конфликтные отношения между американскими франкмасонами и их идейными противниками в XVIII – первой половине XIX в. Масонство в изучаемый исторический период стало влиятельной социально-политической силой, что вызывало как справедливые обвинения в адрес секретного братства, так и незаслуженные нападки на тайный союз. Имели место две волны американского антимасонского движения: на рубеже XVIII в. и XIX в. и в 1820–1840-е гг. Первый период антимасонства был во многом связан с событиями Французской революции, потрясшей западный мир. Второй период имел внутриамериканскую историю – «дело Моргана» 1826 г. Показано, что франкмасоны, несмотря на элитарность, уже изначально прочно ассоциировались с прогрессом и либеральными реформами. Они были одними из первых, предлагавшими проекты объединения североамериканских колоний в единый союз или федерацию (Б. Франклин и ранее), принимали активное участие в борьбе за независимость и создании американского государства. Антимасоны выступали как преимущественно консервативная социальная и политическая сила. The article deals with the conflict relations between American Freemasons and their ideological opponents in the XVIIIth – first half of the XIXth c. Freemasonry in this historical period became an influential socio-political force, which caused both fair accusations against the secret brotherhood and undeserved attacks on the secret alliance. There were two waves of the American Anti-Masonic movement: at the turn of the XVIIIth and XIXth cc., and in the 1820s – 1840s. The first period of Anti-Masonry was largely associated with the events of the Great French Revolution, which shook the Western world. The second period had an internal American history – the «Morgan case» of 1826. It is shown that Freemasons, despite their elitism, were already strongly associated with progress and liberal reforms from the very beginning. They were among the first to propose projects for the unification of the North American colonies into a single union or federation (B. Franklin and earlier), took an active part in the struggle for independence and the creation of the American state. The Anti-Masons acted as a predominantly conservative social and political force. Key words: history of Freemasonry in North America, American Anti-Masons, the idea of a Masonic conspiracy, the protest movement, socio-political struggle in the USA in the late XVIIIth – first half of the XIXth c.
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Arabadzhyan, Z. A. "Shiite clergy among Iranian Masons." Minbar. Islamic Studies 13, no. 1 (April 7, 2020): 13–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31162/2618-9569-2020-13-1-13-37.
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The article is devoted to the history of the origins and development of Iranian Freemasonry and the Shiite clergy participation in Masonic structures. Since Freemasonry itself has historically been the conductor of liberal ideas in Europe, it would seem that religious figures in Iran, who are in the position of traditionalism, should have been extremely hostile to this trend. However, Iranian experience has shown that this is not so, and a large group of Shiite ulama, including even the most authoritative, at various times entered the local Masonic lodges. The clergy were especially active during the era of the Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1911, when they used Masonic lodges and quasi-Masonic structures to fight the absolutist monarchy. Most of its representatives held a leadership positions in these structures and influenced the course of specific historical events and the decisions made. In the second half of the twentieth century the participation of religious leaders in the Masonic lodges of Iran began to weaken. The author also analyzes the rumors about Ayatollah Khomeini’s belonging to Freemasonry in order to determine the degree of their reliability.