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Journal articles on the topic 'French language – congo (brazzaville)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 29 July 2024

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

NKAYA, KIMBOUALA, Didace MOUHOUELO, and Merveille NGOULOU. "CONGOLESE LANGUAGES VIS-À-VIS FOREIGN LANGUAGES: STATUS, FORMS AND FUNCTIONS." International Journal of Language, Linguistics, Literature and Culture 01, no. 01 (2022): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.59009/ijlllc.2022.0004.

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The existence of African native languages deteriorates vis-à-vis foreign languages such as English, French, Portuguese and Spanish. The former colonies keep using the later as their official languages. The status of the African native languages is either Mother Tongue (MT) or first language (L1), facing that of foreign language (FL) and second language (L2). Unfortunately, the functions of most of these languages are limited to oral communication because their scriptural forms do not exist. This study tries to draw the connections between status and the form, using the Larry (MT or vernacular

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de Goede, Meike J. "Duress and Messianism in French Moyen-Congo." Conflict and Society 4, no. 1 (2018): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/arcs.2018.040115.

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The Matsouanist religion in Congo-Brazzaville has its roots in Amicale, a sociopolitical association and movement that aimed to improve the rights of colonial subjects that emerged in the late 1920s. After its leader, André Matsoua, died in prison, the movement transformed into a religion that worships Matsoua as a prophet. In this article, I argue that this transformation should be understood not as a rupture but as continuation, albeit in a different discursive domain. This transformation was steered by duress, or the internalization of structural violence in everyday life under colonialism.

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Mampola, Freud Savinien Ngatseke. "非目的语环境下的汉语口语教学问题——以刚果布拉柴维尔市为例". Sinolingua: Journal of Chinese Studies 2, № 2 (2024): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/sinolingua.v2i2.91089.

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<p>This study aims to explore the challenges of teaching Chinese oral language in a non-target language environment, using Congo (Brazzaville) as a case study, and to propose effective solutions. To achieve this goal, we employed a case study approach, conducting a detailed analysis of the current state of Chinese oral language teaching in Congo (Brazzaville). Through field interviews and classroom observations, we systematically identified the key challenges in teaching. The study found that the lack of consistency in setting teaching goals and training systems has limited the effective

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Naguydem, Mabiala Roland. "非洲法语为母语汉语学习者对汉语可能补语形的掌握情况观察——以刚果（布）为例". Sinolingua: Journal of Chinese Studies 3, № 1 (2025): 87. https://doi.org/10.20961/sinolingua.v3i1.99090.

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<p>This paper takes the existing teaching model of high schools in Congo-Brazzaville as a case study with the aim of identifying potential areas for improvement, with a view to optimising the potential complement form, which is a feature of native Chinese grammar teaching in Congo-Brazzaville. Through an empirical analysis of Chinese Congolese learners in Congo, it was observed that they were able to master the possible complement structures of affirmative “V+de+C”, negative’V+not+C” and interrogative “V+de+C+V+not+C/V+de+C?”. The empirical analyses were conducted, and the following conc

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KANTE, Mody. "The Brazzaville Conference: instigator of the new African School of Medicine and Pharmacy in Dakar (1944 – 1950s)." Cahiers du cedimes 19, no. 1 (2024): 85–102. https://doi.org/10.69611/cahiers19-1-07.

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Initially limited to French West Africa and Togo, the status of the Dakar School of Medicine was modified by the decree of 14 August 1944, which followed the Brazzaville Conference, to make it the interfederal medical educational institution. The new institution now sees its recruitment base expanded. In addition to the students who regularly entered the school, there are also students from the Ayos Instruction Center in Cameroon and the Edouard Renard Normal School in Brazzaville in the French Congo. The ambition of the colonial authorities was to instruct African practitioners acquired in We

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Zéphirin, SAH. "The History of Yoro Port from 1948 to 2022." International Journal of Social Science And Human Research 06, no. 10 (2023): 5887–93. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8424396.

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Brazzaville, a former Teke village of M'foa like most African cities, is a colonial city founded in 1880 by Pierre Savorgnan De Brazza. From its creation to the independence of the Congo, the city inherited from the French colonial state ce rtain places of history and infrastructure, among which there is the river port of Yoro in Brazzaville. This place of contact and exchange I s a place of memory in the same way as the city that bears it. This study proposes to analyze the different stages of the history o f this port which is a former fishing village of Impila in the Teke country on the

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Elongo, Arsène. "Aspects innovants des métonymies dans le discours quotidien de Brazzavillois." Traduction et Langues 22, no. 2 (2023): 82–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.52919/translang.v22i2.951.

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Innovative Aspects of Metonymies in Brazzavillois' Everyday Discourse This article examines the innovative aspects of metonymies in the everyday speech of Brazzavillois residents, who live in an environment influenced by both the French language and local languages. The primary goal of the study is to discern the network of metonymies in oral communication and to identify the stylistic reasons for their expressive use in Brazzaville French.The chosen methodology involves compiling a corpus sourced from recordings, posters, and various daily uses related to the professional and linguistic

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Kamitewoko, Edwige. "Language in the Labor Market: Evidence from Chinese Immigrant-Owned Enterprises in Congo Brazzaville." British Journal of Economics, Management & Trade 5, no. 3 (2015): 245–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjemt/2015/12507.

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De Kind, Jasper. "Pre-verbal focus in Kisikongo (H16a, Bantu)." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 57 (January 1, 2014): 95–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.57.2014.421.

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The present paper aims at describing different pre-verbal focus strategies in Kisikongo (H16a), spoken in the vicinity of Mbanza Kongo, northern Angola. This western Bantu language is part of the Kikongo Language Cluster (KLC), stretching from southern Gabon to northern Angola, including Cabinda and parts of Congo-Brazzaville and Congo-Kinshasa. Kikongo exhibits a clause-internal pre-verbal argument focus position, which has rarely been reported in Bantu languages, except in Mbuun (B87) (Bostoen and Mundeke 2012) and Nsong (B85d) (Koni Muluwa and Bostoen, this volume), both spoken in the neigh

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Мариноха-Михальская, Светлана Викторовна, та Ольга Васильевна Николаева. "Функционирование библеизмов «Ange» и «Démon»во французском языке Республики Конго". Дальневосточный филологический журнал 2, № 4 (2024): 190–200. https://doi.org/10.24866/2949-2580/2024-4/190-200.

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Biblical terms are a multifaceted linguistic phenomenon, reflecting values of a certain society. In this regard, a more detailed linguo-axiological analysis of this part of the vocabulary is deemed relevant. The analysis is based on media discourse in the French language of the Republic of Congo. The present study focuses on thematic systematization of the types of discourse that use the biblical terms “Ange” and “Démon”. The purpose of this paper is to categorize the specifics features of the biblical terms “Ange” and “Démon”, based on their functioning in the French language of the Republic

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BERNAULT, FLORENCE. "The Congo. By RANDALL FEGLEY. (World Bibliographical Series, Vol. 162.) Oxford, Santa Barbara and Denver: Clio Press, 1993. Pp. 1 + 168. £30 (ISBN 1-85109-199-8)." Journal of African History 38, no. 1 (1997): 123–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853796656904.

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Randall Fegley's bibliographical compilation is clearly not among the best of the World Bibliographical Series. The objective of the collection is to present a solid guide of the country to the non-specialist, and compared to other volumes in the series, Fegley's work lacks polish and perspective. The volume is marked by spelling errors. Accents in French names and titles are most often ignored. Important authors' names are misspelled: Gilles Sautter becomes ‘Giles’ in the text and ‘Sautte’ in the index; Jean-Claude Willame becomes ‘Willaure’. Ironically, the listing of the latter's book, Patr

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NGALOUO-ANTSO, Abraham. "Frenchification : Construction and Deconstruction." Afrosciences Antiquity Sunu Xalaat 1, no. 2 (2024): 85–95. https://doi.org/10.61585/pud-asasx-a1n206.

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Abstract. This paper explores the process of frenchification of Bantu names in the Republic of Congo. The research is documented with the data collected from the Congolese regions and in the city of Brazzaville from 2019 to 2024. Applying a contextual and structural approach, the study reveals that the frenchification is predictable. The frenchified Bantu names can be unfrenchified through a reversal mechanism. The paper calls for linguistic consciousness, by denouncing the speaker’s responsibility in the distortion of Bantu names. At length, frenchification can be deconstructed. In this frame

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Ngatseke Mampola, Freud Savinien. "The Integration of Chinese Culture Teaching in High Schools in Brazzaville, Congo: An Exploration from Methods to Curriculum Development." Sinolingua: Journal of Chinese Studies 3, no. 1 (2025): 123. https://doi.org/10.20961/sinolingua.v3i1.100100.

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<p class="AA">This study aims to incorporate Chinese culture teaching into Brazzaville high schools' curriculum to enhance China-Congo bilateral relations. Despite progress in Chinese language education there, Chinese culture education has clear shortcomings. Qualitative and exploratory methods were used. Data was collected via interviews with school personnel, student questionnaires, and classroom observations, along with in-depth case analyses of institutions with cultural initiatives. The findings revealed significant challenges: insufficient teacher training in cultural education, a

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Arstanov, Bulat. "The African continent as a promising destination for kazakhstani tourists." Tourism, leisure and hospitality 7, no. 4 (2024): 14–22. https://doi.org/10.59649/2959-5185-2024-4-14-22.

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This article is devoted to the history of equatorial African countries – the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The immediate objective of this work is an attempt to familiarize travel agents and tour operators of Kazakhstan with little-known new tourist destinations, which are currently far from the center of attention of our tourists. Realizing that the interest in new places for Kazakhstan will definitely advance the tourist offer, the author considered it advisable to briefly review the colonial conquests of Africa. To recall the names of the main active politi

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KALVA MWENE-MUBAMBI, Simon Pierre. "Le degré de la maîtrise de l’orthographe d’usage des finalistes du secondaire de la Ville de Mbujimayi (2019-2020)." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 10, no. 08 (2022): 2477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v10i8.el02.

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In the Democratic Republic of Congo, the French language remains an official language and the vehicle of teaching at both high school and tertiary education. A great dead of reseachers have drawn a conclusion in their investigations that the learners have difficulties writing the French language even at higher level of the inside educational system. They don’t have the mastery of neither standard spelling nor grammatical spelling.This study is a initical analysis that assesses the high school finalists’ performances and determines their level of the standard spelling of the French language. Th

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Wiesinger, Evelyn. "Non-French lexicon in Guianese French Creole." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 34, no. 1 (2019): 3–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00027.wie.

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Abstract Guianese French Creole1 (GFC) is one of the least studied French Creoles, which is especially true with respect to its non-French-related input. Combining sociohistorical, demographic and linguistic data, this contribution gives a first lexico-etymological account of the GFC lexicon of non-French origin, including Amerindian and Portuguese influences and especially the quantitative and qualitative nature of the contribution made by different Niger-Congo languages. These findings are discussed in light of controversial hypotheses on the particular influence of early numerical and/or so

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Gehrmann, Susanne. "Remembering colonial violence: Inter/textual strategies of Congolese authors." Tydskrif vir Letterkunde 46, no. 1 (2017): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-9070/tvl.v.46i1.3461.

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This article explores the Congolese remembering of the experienced colonial violence through the medium of literature. Although criticism of colonialism is not a favourite topic of Congolese writers, there exists an important corpus of texts, especially when the literary production of Congo Kinshasa and Congo Brazzaville with their politically distinct though sometimes similar experiences is taken into account. Three main strategies of writing about the topic can be distinguished: a documentary mode, an allegorical mode and a fragmented mode, which often appear in combination. Intertextuality

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Katabe, Isidore M., and Eustard R. Tibategeza. "Language-in-Education Policy and Practice in the Democratic Republic of Congo." European Journal of Language and Culture Studies 2, no. 1 (2023): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejlang.2023.2.1.58.

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This paper concentrates on the language-in-education policy and practice in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) particularly in Kalemie region. It intends to examine the practicality of language-in-education policy in schools and to examine the challenges pertaining to the implementation of the language of education policy. Data collection was done in four schools, two primary and two secondary schools in Kalemie region. The study employed a qualitative approach and the data were gathered through interviews, focus group discussions, observation and documentary review. Simple random sampling

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ALLEMBE, Rodrigue Lézin. "A corpus-based analysis of learners’ spelling and morpho-syntactic writing errors and mistakes. Case study of senior secondary schools in Brazzaville (Congo)." International Journal of Education and Humanities 2, no. 4 (2022): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.58557/ijeh.v2i4.103.

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This research work aimed at identifying and analyzing errors and mistakes that Congolese EFL learners commit in their written productions with regard to spelling and morpho-syntax aspects. We carried out the investigation in two senior secondary schools: Réconciliation and Kintélé, located in Brazzaville. To obtain reliable results, we used for data collection the EFL learners’ copies from grade 3 of these two schools of our choice. Besides, we used the descriptive analytical method and Corder’s errors analysis theory (EA) to identify and analyze the types of errors and mistakes made in writin

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Fouéré, Thierry, Bernard Maire, Francis Delpeuch, Yves Martin-Prével, Félicité Tchibindat, and Guy Adoua-Oyila. "Dietary changes in African urban households in response to currency devaluation: foreseeable risks for health and nutrition." Public Health Nutrition 3, no. 3 (2000): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980000000331.

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AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effects of currency devaluation on dietary change and nutritional vulnerability of poor households in two African capital cities.DesignA qualitative study based on 120 semistructured individual interviews and four focus group discussions in each city.SettingDakar, Senegal (western Africa) and Brazzaville, Congo (central Africa).SubjectsAll of the subjects were randomly selected women from modest or poor households, who spoke the local common language and were responsible for household meal preparation. Only those likely to restrict the dynamic of focus group

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Eyssette, Jérémie. "The Democratic Republic of the Congo’s Linguistic Temptation: A Comparative Analysis with Rwanda’s Switch-to-English." Journal of Asian and African Studies 55, no. 4 (2019): 522–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909619885974.

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The aim of this article is to assess whether the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo) is likely to upgrade the status of English by constitutional or educational means. Indeed, neighboring countries such as Rwanda and Burundi adopted English as their official language in 1996 and 2014, but less writing in English is devoted to a potential linguistic transition in DR Congo, the most populous French-speaking country. This article will gauge DR Congo and Rwanda against the four criteria that arguably triggered Rwanda’s switch-to-English: historical factors in current linguistic trends; the

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Nkeket Ndabiza, Mavie Norha. "Les structures tonales des tiroirs de l’indicatif en mbomba, bantu C40, en usage au Congo Brazzaville." La linguistique Vol. 58, no. 2 (2022): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ling.582.0057.

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Poligui, René Noel, Emelie Arlette Apinda Legnouo, and Henri Zandi. "Attack by Augosoma centaurus (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) adults on rattan palm Laccosperma secundiflorum (Arecaceae) in Plateaux Batéké, Gabon." African Journal of Tropical Entomology Research 2, no. 3 (2023): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.58697/ajter020321.

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An unusual phenomenon consisting of attacks once every two years by adults of a horned beetle on the rattan palm Laccosperma secundiflorum (Arecaceae) (known as ‘French palmier-asperge’) was observed in the Plateaux Batéké (Gabon) over the past decade. Residents reported repeated devastation of rattan palm from May to June, pointing to Pandanus beetle as the pest killing many shoots within populations of this palm species, which is used as a non-timber forest product (NTFP) for alimentary purposes. The ecological area of these attacks includes gallery forests and groves surrounding Ossouele vi

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Poligui, René Noel, Legnouo Emelie Arlette Apinda, and Henri Zandi. "Attack byAugosoma centaurus(Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) adults on rattan palm Laccosperma secundiflorum(Arecaceae) in Plateaux Batéké, Gabon." African Journal of Tropical Entomology Research 2, no. 3 (2023): 85–89. https://doi.org/10.58697/AJTER020321.

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An unusual phenomenon consisting of attacks once every two years by adults of a horned beetle on the rattan palm Laccosperma secundiflorum(Arecaceae) (known as ‘French palmierasperge’) was observed in the Plateaux Batéké(Gabon) over the past decade. Residents reported repeated devastation of rattan palm from May to June, pointing to Pandanusbeetle as the pest killing many shoots within populations of this palm species, which is used as a nontimber forest product (NTFP) for alimentary purposes. The ecological area of these attacks includes gallery forests and groves su

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Treier, Leonie. "Architectures of Appropriation." Museum Worlds 10, no. 1 (2022): 14–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/armw.2022.100103.

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The Maisons Tropicales are three prefabricated housing structures designed by Jean Prouvé. Fabricated in France, they were transported to and assembled in Brazzaville and Niamey, then part of the French colonies, around 1950. Their design was tied closely to the belief in the so-called civilizing and enlightening power of European modernist design and, thereby, also the French colonial agenda. In the early 2000s, an American collector, Robert Rubin, and a French art dealer, Eric Touchaleaume, “repatriated” the houses to France. There, they were transformed into and celebrated as icons of Frenc

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Daté Atavito BARNABÉ-AKAYI and Raphaël YEBOU. "Stylistics of Abiku, of Mwènè or the Isotopies of Fire and Air in L’Ame Blessée d’un Eléphant Noir by Mwènè Gabriel Okoundji." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 5, no. 9 (2022): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2022.5.9.7.

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The concepts of Abiku in yoruba language and Mwènè in tegue language (Congo Brazzaville) have many significations and use, according to the authors. In Mwènè Gabriel Okoundji, their use wins values which put them in an edifying relationship with the four elements of nature. On this basis, L’âme blessée d’un éléphant noir appears as a gnomic work whose four poems seem to symbolize the four fundamental elements of nature that Abiku and Mwènè are the cruciferous and/or six figures. The poet allegorizes the four cosmic figures (Fire, Air, Water, Earth) and plays with the elliptisation of the two f

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Beltzung, Jean-Marc, Annie Rialland, and Martial Embanga Aborobongui. "relatives possessives en mbochi (C25)." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 53 (January 1, 2010): 7–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.53.2010.390.

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This paper deals with the possessive constructions — either connective or relative — in Mbochi (C25), a Bantu language spoken in Congo-Brazzaville. In Mbochi, as in most languages of the same group (C20), the underlying /CV-/ form of nominal prefixes never surfaces as such but is targeted by two main processes: consonantal dissimilation and vowel elision. Both processes are in complementary distribution and the alternations triggered by them may explain the surface forms of both connective and relative constructions. In order to provide the necessary background for the study of Mbochi relative

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Pype, Katrien. "‘Provisional notes on the postcolony’ in Congo studies: an overview of themes and debates." Africa 92, no. 1 (2022): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972021000863.

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AbstractThis article considers the uptake of Achille Mbembe’s article ‘Provisional notes on the postcolony’ (1992), the book De la Postcolonie: essai sur l’imagination politique dans l’Afrique contemporain (2000) and its translated version, On the Postcolony (2001), in Congo studies. ‘Congo’ here is a shorthand for the current Democratic Republic of Congo, formerly known as Zaire. The article is concerned with the ways in which these two English-language texts (and their original French versions) figure in the social sciences and the humanities, specifically in the field of study relating to Z

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Aborobongui, Georges Martial Embanga, Fatima Hamlaoui та Annie Rialland. "Syntactic and prosodic aspects of left and right dislocation in Embɔsi (Bantu C25)". ZAS Papers in Linguistics 57 (1 січня 2014): 26–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.57.2014.418.

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This paper deals with left and right dislocation in Embɔsi, a Bantu language (C25) spoken in Congo-Brazzaville. The prosody of dislocation has gathered considerable attention, as it is particularly informative for the theories of the syntax-prosody mapping of Intonation Phrases (a.o. Selkirk, 2009, 2011; Downing, 2011). Concentrating on selected Bantu languages, Downing (2011) identifies two main phrasing patterns. She primarily distinguishes languages in which only right dislocated phrases display a lack of prosodic integration ("asymmetric" languages), from languages in which both left and r

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Allotey, Deborah, and Ileana Paul. "Overt PRO in Gã." Studies in African Linguistics 52, no. 1and2 (2024): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.52.1and2.131241.

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This paper presents data from Gã (Kwa, Niger-Congo language spoken in Ghana) that show that controlled subjects of non-finite predicates must be overt in this language. The presence of an overt pronominal subject in a non-finite embedded clause is surprising from the perspective of languages such as English and French, where such subjects must be covert (PRO). We provide evidence that the overt pronoun in Gã patterns with obligatorily controlled PRO (Hornstein 1999; Landau 2013) and argue for the minimal pronoun analysis of Kratzer (2009).

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Boutin, Béatrice Akissi. "Décrire le français en relation aux langues en contact." Journal of Language Contact 7, no. 1 (2014): 36–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-00701003.

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It is not possible to explain what happens to French syntax in a situation of close contact with one or more languages, solely in terms of French. How then can we describe French in relation to the languages in contact? We first discuss the early research of Gabriel Manessy and their development by a number of linguists, and later show the importance of exploring several properties of the constructions under study in comparing languages, in order to place them within the context of general language processes. Furthermore, we will insist on the need to go beyond the forms at issue by focusing o

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Golden, Anne, and Guri Steien. "Mashi – this language was in my ears." Metaphor and the Social World 11, no. 2 (2021): 329–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/msw.00021.gol.

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Abstract In order to understand the process of learning new languages as adults, we need to take into account learners’ past experiences with all of their language(s), as such experiences shape attitudes and conceptualizations. In this paper, we present an analysis of metaphorical expressions in the narrated linguistic biographies of (former) refugees from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in Norway. The participants speak a multitude of languages, e.g., different local Congolese languages, Congolese national languages (Lingala or Swahili), French (the official language of the DRC), in ad

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Oba, Dominique. "Mbe in the history of mankind XVIIIth -XXth Centuries." International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering (ijasre) 5, no. 10 (2019): 204–10. https://doi.org/10.31695/IJASRE.2019.33528.

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<em>In the XIXth century, the movements of discovery and exploration engaged by explorers commissioned by European governments allowed to take possession of territories situated in black Africa in general and in Central Africa especially. For, Stanley occupied a vast territory for the King of Belgium, Leopold II, and Belgium. For France, Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza, a French explorer from Italian origin Italian occupied a vast territory in Central Africa. After his second trip, Brazza managed to create Franceville in June 1880 in Teke countries on  September 10, 1880, Brazza, signed in wit

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Piewo, Stéphane C. Sokeng. "Challenges, Attitude, and Motivation of Foreign Students Learning English as a Foreign Language in a Cameroonian University." English Language and Literature Studies 15, no. 2 (2025): 40. https://doi.org/10.5539/ells.v15n2p40.

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This paper investigates international students&rsquo; challenges, attitudes, and motivations toward learning English as a foreign language at a Cameroonian university. Overall, the study aims to understand the experiences of international students learning English in a multilingual Cameroonian higher education context. The focus of the study is twofold. On the one hand, it aims to identify the difficulties international students&mdash;who have French and Modern Standard Arabic (Chad), French and Sango (Central African Republic), and French (Gabon, Republic of Congo, and C&ocirc;te

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Kouya, Hortense Kouya, and Dominique Oba. "The Contribution of the International Organization of Francophonie in Cultural Matter in the Republic of Congo from 1981 to 2016." Randwick International of Social Science Journal 2, no. 4 (2021): 347–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47175/rissj.v2i4.315.

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Colonization has had a lasting impact on African life. This movement instilled a new culture within these colonies. Among these African countries is the Congo. On the whole, these countries have experienced some disputes near where it was a question of meeting around an international body which is none other than the Francophonie for the countries or states colonized by France. It is in this sense that under the leadership of three African Heads of State,Léopold Sédar Senghor from Senegal, Habib Bourguiba from Tunisia and Hamani Diori from Niger, and of Prince Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia, the

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Kouya, Hortense Kouya, and Dominique Oba. "The Contribution of the International Organization of Francophonie in Cultural Matter in the Republic of Congo from 1981 to 2016." Randwick International of Social Science Journal 2, no. 4 (2021): 347–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47175/rissj.v2i4.315.

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Colonization has had a lasting impact on African life. This movement instilled a new culture within these colonies. Among these African countries is the Congo. On the whole, these countries have experienced some disputes near where it was a question of meeting around an international body which is none other than the Francophonie for the countries or states colonized by France. It is in this sense that under the leadership of three African Heads of State,Léopold Sédar Senghor from Senegal, Habib Bourguiba from Tunisia and Hamani Diori from Niger, and of Prince Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia, the

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Meeuwis, Michael. "Taalstrijd in Afrika: Het taalwetsartikel in het koloniaal charter van 1908 en de strijd van de Vlamingen en Afrikaners voor het Nederlands in Afrika tot 1960." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 75, no. 1 (2016): 27–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v75i1.16392.

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Het Koloniaal Charter, de organieke wet die in 1908 de overname van Congo door de Belgische staat uit de privé-handen van Koning Leopold II regelde, bevatte een artikel over taalrechten in de kolonie. Hoewel ook taalrechten voor de Congolezen erin vermeld werden, handelde het artikel in de eerste plaats over taalrechten voor de Belgische koloniserende minderheid. Het artikel is er gekomen op aandringen van enkele Vlaamse parlementsleden tijdens debatten gehouden in de Kamer van Volksvertegenwoordigers in de eerste helft van 1908. In deze bijdrage worden deze debatten besproken om zo de semanti

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Záhořík, Jan. "Languages in Sub-Saharan Africa in a broader socio-political perspective." Acta Orientalia Vilnensia 11, no. 2 (2010): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/aov.2010.3646.

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Charles University This study deals with language policies in Africa with a special focus on multi-ethnic and multi-lingual states including Sudan, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Cameroon, and Democratic Republic of Congo. The study will thus examine relations between state and minorities, the status of major and marginalized languages, the roles of European languages in politics as well as theoretical frameworks. Sub-Saharan Africa has undergone a remarkable process from linguistic imperialism to linguistic pluralism and revivalism. Until the 1960s the superior position of the European languages (English

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Malekani, Claude Wakenge. "Mother Tongues and Teaching English as a Foreign Language: A Case Study." Current Issues in Philology and Pedagogical Linguistics, no. 3 (September 25, 2023): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2023-3-221-238.

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This paper examines the role of mother tongues in the teaching of English as a foreign language at the University of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The purpose of the study is to determine the perfect mother tongue of students and to evaluate the efficacy of translanguaging methods in the teaching of English as foreign language. The research used three types of data, including quantitative, qualitative, and test data, as well as a survey conducted among 250 students at the Faculty of Arts. The results of the study suggest that translanguaging methods should be adopted to m

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IFALAMBANGA MUBIKABALA, Damien. "Teacher Talk Time as a Means to Develop Learners Communicative Skills in an EFL Class." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 10, no. 09 (2022): 2498–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v10i9.el02.

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The English curriculum in the Democratic Republic of Congo forecasts for the teaching of English from the first year of secondary school. Most students who finish high school are unable to speak English correctly, even to engage in a ten-minute conversation with friends. My experience as an English teacher for several years in high school shows that there are many factors that hinder the learner to assimilate the English language: the lack of motivation on the part of pupils, lack of appropriate textbooks, inadequacy of the national curriculum, laziness and fear on the part of pupils, monopoli

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Dewulf, Jeroen. "When Oyono's “Boy” Speaks Dutch: Two Readings in One Language." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 128, no. 1 (2013): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2013.128.1.112.

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De Huisjongen, The dutch translation of ferdinand oyono's une vie de boy, was published in 1980 by kosmos and released in two cities: Amsterdam, where the publisher had its headquarters, and Antwerp, the site of its Belgian branch. For Flemish (Dutch-speaking Belgian) readers, the Catholic and French colonial environment described in the novel represented a world that in many ways felt familiar. In the once deeply Catholic Flanders, where French used to be the language spoken by the elite and where the memories of the former colony Belgian Congo are still vivid, people could easily identify wi

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Govaerts, Bert. "De zaak van Rechter Grootaert en de strijd om het Nederlands in Belgisch-Congo. Een symbooldossier uit de jaren vijftig." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 67, no. 1 (2008): 7–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v67i1.12460.

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In 1908 verwierf België de souvereiniteit over de voormalige Congo Vrijstaat, die particulier bezit van koning Leopold II was geweest. De nieuwe kolonie kreeg een soort grondwet, het Koloniale Charter. Artikel 3 daarvan bepaalde dat er in Belgisch-Congo taalvrijheid heerste, maar ook dat de Belgen er dezelfde taalrechten en -bescherming zouden genieten als in het moederland. Uiterlijk tegen 1913 moesten speciale decreten de taalregeling in rechtszaken en in de administratie vastleggen. Die afspraak werd niet gehonoreerd. De decreten kwamen er niet en de kolonie werd in de praktijk exclusief Fr

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Marinokha-Mikhalskaya, Svetlana. "Linguo-axiological Aspect of the Representation of Biblical Term “Dieu” at the French Language Media Discourse of the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Art Logos – The Art of Word 2, no. 31 (2025): 212–29. https://doi.org/10.35231/25419803_2025_2_212.

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This article is devoted to the linguistic and axiological analysis of biblical term “Dieu” in order to identify value groups that are updated through the lexis “Dieu” token in the media discourse of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The semantic value of the dictionary unit “Dieu” is determined sing the definition analysis. Contextual analysis has served as a method for determining the values of the “Dieu” token in a context selected from the text and combined by a language unit that implements and activates its values in the context. The study identified explicit and implicit means

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Malekani, Claude Wakenge. "Using a Foreign Language in a Polylinguism Situation: Semiotic Systems Conflict." Current Issues in Philology and Pedagogical Linguistics, no. 1 (March 25, 2023): 238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2023-1-238-246.

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This work is an attempt to analyze factors of semiotic spaces asymmetry and dissymmetry for the host and the acquired linguacultures in the current polylinguism situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. A psycho- and sociolinguistic experiment, as well as the data obtained through a direct questionnaire carried out during the primary study of the mechanisms behind the linguistic barrier experienced by Congolese students from three universities (UNIKIN, UPC and Bel Campus) trying to use English, allows identifying not only the dominant use areas for the native and international languag

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Ngalouo-Antso, Abraham. "School Rhymes in today’s Congolese society: A sociopragmatic approach." Annales de la Faculté des Lettres, Arts et Sciences Humaines 13, no. 1 (2024): 62–73. https://doi.org/10.55595/m57m3h31.

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This paper focuses on the impact of school rhymes on social security and cohesion in the Republic of Congo. It aims to elucidate the nature of the skills that are installed in schoolchildren through the teaching of school rhymes in order to make them capable of acting in favor of social security and cohesion later. Today, the Republic of Congo is going through a socio-cultural and institutional crisis, to a certain extent. This is illustrated by the depravity of morals and the recurrence of acts of violence perpetrated in the streets of large cities and in schools by adolescents organized into

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Boukete, Grace. "刚果（布）中文教育的现状及其发展对策". Journal of Sino-African Studies 4, № 1 (2025): 43–53. https://doi.org/10.56377/jsas.v4n1.4353.

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近年来，非洲与中国关系不断深化，刚果（布）的中文教育蓬勃发展也取得了一定的进展。目前，不同年龄段和教育阶段的中文学习者在刚果（布）持续增长，显示出当地民众对中文学习的热情和需求。然而，刚果（布）的中文教育仍面临诸多挑战，如本土中文师资不足、本土化教材缺乏、教学方法相对传统等，这些问题严重制约刚果（布）中文教育进一步发展。本文首先简要介绍刚果（布）的中文教育发展情况及取得的成果，论文重点分析了目前刚果（布）中文教育所面临的主要问题，并提出针对性的对策与建议，旨在推动刚果（布）中文教育可续发展。

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Olivio, Ann Marie. "Exploring the speech rhythm continuum." Journal of Speech Sciences 1, no. 2 (2021): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/joss.v1i2.15022.

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In current speech rhythm research, the traditional search for isochrony and speech rhythm classes has been replaced with a focus on uncovering the acoustic correlates of rhythm in the speech signal (Ramus, Nespor, and Mehler 1999, Grabe and Low 2002, Cummins 2002). In this paper, I present findings from a study in which I describe speech rhythm in a language whose rhythm had not been previously studied—Ashanti Twi (Niger-Congo, Kwa). Additionally, I test the validity of claims made about the utility of various rhythm metrics. Two native speakers of Ashanti Twi participated in the study. Each s

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Polepole, François Maheshe, Olivier Mukuku, Franck Shongo Omanjelo, et al. "Quality of life of people with epilepsy at a tertiary referral centre in Goma, DRC." Advances in Health and Behavior 5, no. 1 (2022): 226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25082/ahb.2022.01.005.

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Purpose: This study aims to determine the quality of life (QOL) related to the health of people with epilepsy (PWE) followed in ambulatory care at the Neuropsychiatric Hospital Center in Goma, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Methods: A total of 302 adults with epilepsy followed in ambulatory care at the Neuropsychiatric Hospital Center in Goma were interviewed in this cross-sectional study. The QOL was measured using a validated French-language version of the Quality of Life in Epilepsy-31 inventory (QOLIE-31). Results: The mean age was 28.4±11.0 years and 56.9% were males. The mean t

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Mufuta, Kadima Spyridon. "Le rôle des interprètes judiciaires dans la garantie d'un procès équitable en RDC." GPH-International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 8, no. 02 (2025): 26–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14886154.

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This article presents a thorough analysis of judicial interpretation in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), based on personal observations and extensive documentary research. The study highlights various shortcomings, such as the lack of full-time judicial interpreters, the insufficient skills of individuals called upon to perform this role – often bilinguals or randomly selected individuals – and the scarcity of qualified interpreters, due to a lack of appropriate training. The article emphasizes the crucial role of judicial interpreters in ensuring a fair trial, particularly

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Tack, Bieke, Daniel Vita, Irène Mansosa, et al. "Field Experiences with Handheld Diagnostic Devices to Triage Children under Five Presenting with Severe Febrile Illness in a District Hospital in DR Congo." Diagnostics 12, no. 3 (2022): 746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12030746.

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As part of a field study (NCT04473768) in children presenting with severe febrile illness to Kisantu hospital (DR Congo), we retrospectively compiled user experiences (not performance) with handheld diagnostic devices assisting triage: tympanic thermometer, pulse oximeter (measuring heart rate, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation), hemoglobinometer and glucometer. Guidance documents for product selection were generic and scattered. Stock rupture, market withdrawal and unaffordable prices interfered with procurement. Challenges at implementation included environmental temperature, capillary

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