Relevant bibliographies by topics / Functionally Graded Material (FGM)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Functionally Graded Material (FGM)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Functionally Graded Material (FGM)"

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Ge, Chang Chun, Xiao Feng Wu, and Gui Ying Xu. "Functionally Graded Thermoelectric Materials." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 2600–2604. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.2600.

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Functionally graded thermoelectric material (TE FGM) is one of main research direction in research field of thermoelectric (TE) materials all over world. A lot of research work on TE FGM has been done to improve the conversion efficiency of TE. Here the development of TE FGM in recent years is discussed in the aspects of the model design, the materials selection, the barrier or joining choice and the device fabrication.
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Wang, Chuan Bin, Hao Zeng, Y. G. Chen, Qiang Shen, and Lian Meng Zhang. "Preparation of W/Cu Functionally Graded Material." Materials Science Forum 631-632 (October 2009): 431–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.631-632.431.

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A W/Cu system functionally graded material (FGM), which may be used as plasma facing component for fusion reactors, was prepared by inserting W-Cu layers with gradient composition between tungsten and copper alloy plates. W-Cu gradient layers were hot-press sintered from W-Cu powder mixtures added with zinc powder as the sintering aid, whose relative density increased with sintering temperature, reaching a value higher than 96% at 850°C. XRD and SEM measurements showed that the sintered W-Cu gradient layers were the mechanical mixtures of W and Cu. A wholly dense W/Cu system FGM was then obtained at 850°C by hot-press, whose composition and structure changed gradually. The finite element method (FEM) calculation showed that the residual stresses in the W/Cu FGM were effectively reduced as compared with the directly-bonded W/Cu joint.
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Sreeju Nair S B, C. Pany. "Functionally Graded Panels: A Review." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology, no. 8 (August 5, 2020): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst060808.

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Functionally gradedmaterials (FGMs) are not homogeneous materials. It consists of different(two or more) materials, engineered to have a continuously varying spatial composition profile. FGM is the one that can solve practical problems arising from the production and application of a new type of composite material. This paper describes the overview of FGM basic concepts, classification, properties, and its modeling which may focus on the static and dynamic analysis of functionally graded panels. The effective material properties of functionally graded materials for the panel are graded in the thickness direction from the bottom surface to the top surface according to the power-law distribution of volume fractions of the constituents. The use of structures like beams, plates, and shells, which are made from functionally graded (FG) materials, is increasing because of the smooth variation of material properties along with preferred directions. This variation gives continuous stress distribution in the FG structures. Therefore, an FGM can be effectively used in avoiding corrosion, fatigue, fracture, and stress corrosion cracking. The paper covers the literature study on static, buckling and free vibration, thermo-mechanical analysis of FGM panel. From this literature study it is found that, analysis of these problems is made using the constitutive relations and governing equations associated with the classical laminated theory structural model, the FSDT model, the HSDT model,Reissner and Sander theory,differential quadrature, finite element method and closed form solutions. Results are availableon different geometrical dimensional ratios variations, power-law index value n variationsand simply supported,clamped, free edges boundary conditionswith its combinations for FG panels. Lesser literatures are available for different edge boundary conditions such as SCSC, CSCS,SSSC, SFSF, SSSF, SCSF on curved panelfor free vibration, buckling and thermo-structural analysis.
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Helal, Wasim M. K., and Dong Yan Shi. "FE Analysis of Functionally Graded Material Plate during Debonding Case with Different Boundary Conditions." Key Engineering Materials 627 (September 2014): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.627.57.

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Functionally graded materials (FGMs) have become helpful in our engineering applications. Analysis of functionally graded material (FGM) plate during debonding case with different boundary conditions is the main purpose of this investigation. Elastic modulus (E) of functionally graded (FG) plate is assumed to vary continuously throughout the height of the plate, according the volume fraction of the constituent materials based on a modified sigmoid function, but the value of Poisson coefficient is constant. In this research, the finite element method (FEM) is used in order to show the shape of a plate made of FGM during debonding case with different boundary conditions. In the present investigation, the displacement value applied to the FGM plate is changed in order to find the relationship between the maximum von Mises stress and the displacement. Also, the relationship between the maximum shear stress and the displacement is carried out in the present work. The material gradient indexes of the FGM plate are changed from 1 to 10. The stress distributions around the debonding zone with all the material gradient indexes of the FGM plate are investigated in this work.
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Deshpande, G. A., S. S. More, and R. S. Parekar. "Static and Vibration Analysis of FGM Plates: A Critical Review." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 2 (February 28, 2023): 526–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.49061.

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Abstract: Recently a new material has been emerged with variation of material properties particularly across the thickness. Such class of materials is called functionally graded materials. The concept of functionally graded material was proposed in 1984 by materials scientists as a means of preparing thermal barrier materials. Since then functionally graded materials are being increasingly used in the aeronautical and aerospace industry as well as in other fields of modern technology. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the various methods used to study the static and dynamic behaviour of functionally graded material plates. Both analytical and numerical methods are considered. The effect of variation of material properties through the thickness, type of load case, boundary conditions, edge ratio and side-to thickness ratio on the behaviour of functionally graded material plates are discussed. The main objective of this paper is to serve the interests of researchers and engineers already involved in the analysis and design of functionally graded material structures
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Toudehdehghan, Abdolreza, and Md Mujibur Rahman. "Comparison Conventional Coated Beam with Functionally Graded Coated Beam." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.35 (November 30, 2018): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.23095.

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New materials are essential for the development and advancement in material manufacturing technology. A brief overview of the history of human civilization shows that from stone tools to the steel age and then to the space age, had proven that the revolution of materials is key for new technology development. Today, it is known that phenomenon such as interface delamination and de-bonding on a conventional thermal barrier coating (which are present in an environment with high temperature) degrades the performance of the material and its mechanical properties. In overcoming this adverse effects, two or more types of materials such as ceramic and metal are composed together creating a type of composite named Functionally Graded Material (FGM) in the literature. In studying the behavior of FGM, models based on a theoretical derivation of Euler-Bernoulli beam theory using the superposition method clearly demonstrate the superiority of two different configurations of FGM against the conventional coated beam. The FGM coated and under coated models apply a power-law function on the material properties across the FGM layers in comparing the effects of thermo-mechanical loading to those of conventional coated beam. Specifically, the results show that FGM drastically reduces stress concentration preventing the initiation of any delamination or de-bonding.
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Han, Mengna, Zichan Li, Zhicheng Huang, Xingguo Wang, and Wenjie Gao. "Thermal Mechanical Bending Response of Symmetrical Functionally Graded Material Plates." Materials 16, no. 13 (June 28, 2023): 4683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16134683.

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This paper investigates the thermal mechanical bending response of symmetric functionally graded material (FGM) plates. This article proposes a thermodynamic analysis model of both the FGM plate and FGM sandwich plate, and the model only involves four control equations and four unknown variables. The control equation is based on the refined shear deformation theory and the principle of minimum potential energy. The Navier method is used to solve the control equation. According to the method, numerical examples are provided for the thermo-mechanical bending of the symmetric FGM plate and FGM sandwich plate under a simply supported boundary condition, and the accuracy of the model is verified. Finally, parameter analysis is conducted to investigate the effects of the volume fraction index, side-to-thickness ratio, thermal load, and changes in core thickness on the thermal mechanical bending behavior of the symmetric FGM plate and FGM sandwich plate in detail. It was found that the deflection of the FGM plate is greater than that of the FGM sandwich plate, while the normal stress of the FGM plate is smaller than that of the FGM sandwich plate. Moreover, the FGM plate and FGM sandwich plate are sensitive to nonlinear temperature changes.
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Ancy, Alex, and U. Parvathy. "Thermal Buckling Behaviour of Functionally Graded Plates." Applied Mechanics and Materials 857 (November 2016): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.857.279.

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Functionally Graded Materials (FGM) are those materials which have continuous variation of material properties from metal phase to ceramic phase. Due to the continuous change in material properties of FGMs, the stress singularity at the interface between the two different materials is eliminated and thus the bonding strength is enhanced. They are widely used in high temperature environment such as nuclear reactors and rocket heat shields. The material property of FGM plate varies along the thickness direction and the variation is idealised by different mathematical idealisation techniques. This paper deals with the buckling behaviour of clamped PFGM plate under uniform temperature field. Thermal buckling behaviour of FGM plate has been obtained numerically through ANSYS software. The convergence study of the results is optimized by changing the mesh size. The critical buckling temperature rise obtained for functionally graded plates using ANSYS software are compared with the available literature. The effect of different parameters such as power-law index, thickness ratio, and aspect ratio on critical buckling temperature rise for temperature independent and dependent material properties of each constituent is also discussed. It is found that the critical buckling temperature rise decreases with the increase in power-law indices and thickness ratio and increases with increase in aspect ratio.
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SARAÇOĞLU, Mustafa Halûk, Gökhan GÜÇLÜ, and Fethullah USLU. "Deflection analysis of functionally graded equal strength beams." European Mechanical Science 6, no. 2 (June 26, 2022): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26701/ems.1015629.

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In this study, equal strength cantilever and simply supported beams made of functionally graded material (FGM) whose material properties vary though the height direction were investigated. These equal strength cantilever FGM beams were loaded with uniformly distributed load and a point load at the tip and simply supported FGM beams were loaded with uniformly distributed loads. They have all variable cross-section and straight axis. For calculating equivalent material properties of FGMs, power law distribution and Mori-Tanaka model were used. A computer program was developed for the analysis of the problem. The dimensionless deflection values for cantilever beams and simply supported beams were obtained for different materials by the help of developed computer program. Obtained results are presented in the form of tables and graphs which may be useful for the researchers.
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Tian, Jian Hui, Yan Cao, Jian Hua Wang, Wei Xu, and Xian Long Xu. "The Thermal Response Investigation of Functionally Graded Material Plates." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 1892–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.1892.

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The displacement response of functionally graded material (FGM) plates has been investigated based on the strip element method (SEM) for temperature change. The material properties of the FGM plates vary continuously through the thickness. The temperature is assumed to vary continuously through the thickness. The displacement response is obtained for the FGM plates in the condition of temperature change action and both temperature and external force action. This study extends SEM to the heat response of the FGM plates considering heat effect. It is not only extension and development for the applicability of this method in thermal field but also provides a good theory reference for more applying SEM to the thermal field.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Functionally Graded Material (FGM)"

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Hosseinzadeh, Delandar Arash. "Finite element analysis of thermally induced residual stresses in functionally graded materials." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-92519.

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Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are advanced materials and their main characteristic is microstructure and composition variation over the volume of the specimen. This variation of the composition results in changing of material properties in the component. In FGMs usually there are two different types of powder materials such as metal and ceramic powders which are mixed to build up the graded region. These grade layers are placed between the metal and ceramic layers and by this approach a smooth and gradual transient from metal to ceramic can be achieved.Sintering is the main technique to manufacture these types of materials. During the sintering process, cooling of the specimen from sintering temperature to room temperature results in generation of thermal residual stresses within the material. These thermal stresses may cause crack propagation and failure of the material.Distribution analysis of these thermally induced stresses within the material has been carried out in this thesis work. Finite element package ABAQUS has been used in order to simulate the distribution of the thermal residual stresses in the materials. In order to achieve the optimal design for different geometries the parametric study also has been performed. For example influence of number of layers, mixing ratio and porosity has been investigated.Based on the finite element results for cylindrical and cuboid models, non-linear composition variation for both geometries has no improving effect in terms of induced thermal residual stresses. Porous material shows less thermal stress than non-porous material. As the amount of porosity for individual layer was considered in simulation process, this approach resulted in decreasing of thermal stresses within the material. Moreover, non-uniform thickness of graded layers was not beneficial for stress reduction. This variation of thickness results in increasing of thermal residual stresses within the material.
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Mellachervu, Krishnaveni. "Study of the honeycomb structures and functionally graded materials using the BEM and FEM." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1206460053.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.
Advisor: Yijun Liu. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Feb.25, 2009). Includes abstract. Keywords: Honeycomb; FGM; BEM; FEM. Includes bibliographical references.
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DESHMUKH, PUSHKARAJ M. "MODELING ERROR ESTIMATION AND ADAPTIVE MODELING OF FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1096036755.

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Cetin, Suat. "Analytical Solution Of A Crack Problem In A Radially Graded Fgm." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609120/index.pdf.

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The objective of this study is to determine stress intensity factors (SIFs) for a crack in a radially graded FGM layer on a substrate. Functionally graded coating with an edge crack perpendicular to the interface and a homogeneous substrate are bonded together. In order to make the problem analytically tractable, geometry is modeled as an FGM strip attached to a homogeneous layer. Introducing the elastic foundation underneath the homogeneous layer, an FGM coating on a thin walled cylinder can be modeled. At first, governing equations are obtained from stress displacement and equilibrium equations. Then using an assumed form of solution in terms of Fourier Transforms for displacements and applying the boundary conditions, a singular integral equation is obtained for the mode-I problem. Solving this singular integral equation numerically, stress intensity factors are obtained as functions of crack length, strip thicknesses and inhomogeneity parameter.
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Okubo, Hitoshi, Hideki Shumiya, Masahiro Ito, and Katsumi Kato. "Insulation Performance of Permittivity Graded FGM (Functionally Graded Materials) in SF6 Gas under Lightning Impulse Conditions." IEEE, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/9496.

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Okubo, Hitoshi, Masafumi Takei, Yoshikazu Hoshina, Masahiro Hanai, Katsumi Kato, and Muneaki Kurimoto. "Application of Functionally Graded Material for Reducing Electric Field on Electrode and Spacer Interface." IEEE, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14528.

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Ince, Ismet. "Periodic Crack Problem For An Fgm Coated Half Plane." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614376/index.pdf.

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An elastic FGM layer bonded to a semi-infinite linear elastic, isotropic, homogeneous half plane is considered. The half plane contains periodic cracks perpendicular to the interface. Mechanical loading is applied through crack surface pressure, resulting in a mode I crack problem. The plane elasticity problem described above is formulated by using Fourier transforms and Fourier series. A singular integral equation is obtained for the auxiliary variable, namely derivative of the crack surface displacement. Solution is obtained, and stress intensity factors are calculated for various values of crack period, crack length, crack location, layer thickness and material gradation.
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Odorczyk, Marcos Fernando. "Uma estratégia numérica para análise termoelástica de sólidos recobertos com filmes de material funcionalmente gradado (FGM)." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2011. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1796.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T17:19:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pre-textuais.pdf: 99837 bytes, checksum: 26af6e9b202afa9fa60be43b442df83a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-29
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The finite element method has been traditionally applied in solving problems of elasticity and heat transfer, being widely used in cases with homogeneous isotropic materials. With the advent of new technologies, it has been more frequent to use components with more than one material, aiming to get the most out of each phase. A common example is the application of coating films, with optimal properties, on a substrate. These coating films may be homogeneous or functionally graded (FGM). The latter presents a continuous variation of properties through the geometry, allowing to reduce differences at the interface with the substrate. It is important to analyze the behavior of stresses along the interface between film and substrate, a region prone for the occurrence of failure. As current commercial finite element programs have limitations to handle FGM's, especially at the interfaces, one of the motivations of this dissertation is to develop a method for stress and flux nodal recovery, adequate to work with this type of material. The work presents the analysis of a component made of steel or aluminum coated with a titanium nitride film (homogeneous or FGM) under thermo-mechanical loading. The thermal part of the problem is set in an Eulerian description, leading to heat transfer by conduction and convection in the solid. The mechanical (elasticity) part is set in the usual Lagrangean description. A staggered thermo-mechanical approach is implemented and promising results are obtained.
O método de elementos finitos tem sido tradicionalmente aplicado na solução de problemas de elasticidade e transferência de calor, sendo amplamente utilizado em casos com materiais homogêneos e isotrópicos. Com o advento de novas tecnologias tem sido mais freqüente a utilização de componentes com mais de um material, onde se procura obter o máximo proveito de cada fase. Um exemplo comum é a aplicação de filmes de revestimento com propriedades ótimas sobre um substrato. Estes filmes de revestimento podem ser homogêneos ou funcionalmente gradados (FGM), sendo que o último tem variação continua de propriedades ao longo da geometria, permitindo atenuar diferenças na interface com o substrato. A análise do comportamento das tensões ao longo da interface entre filme e substrato é de suma importância, pois esta é uma região potencial para ocorrência de falhas. Dado que programas comerciais de elementos finitos atuais apresentam limitações para lidar com FGM s, principalmente na região de interface, uma das motivações desta dissertação é desenvolver um método de pós-processamento de tensões e fluxos capaz de trabalhar adequadamente com este tipo de material. O trabalho apresenta a análise de um componente de aço ou alumínio revestido com filme de nitreto de titânio (homogêneo ou funcionalmente gradado), sob carregamento termomecânico. A parte térmica do problema é descrita usando uma abordagem Euleriana, que resulta em condução de calor por convecção e condução no sólido. A parte mecânica (elasticidade) é descrita pela tradicional abordagem Lagrangeana. Um procedimento de solução termomecânica aninhada (staggered) é implementado e resultados promissores são obtidos.
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Sivakumar, V. "Processing, Characterization And Evaluation Of A Functionally Graded Ai - 4.6% Cu Alloy." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2000. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/183.

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In some applications the stress across the entire cross-section of a component is not uniform but varies with position. For example, maximum shear stress is highest at the inner surface of a thick-walled cylinder subjected to uniform internal pressure and it decreases continuously towards the outer surface. In such applications it would be more appropriate for the component, too, to have varying strength across the cross-section matching with the stress profile it is subjected to. The present work deals with obtaining such a functionally graded material (FGM), characterizing it and testing its mechanical properties in compression. Differential aging heat treatment was used to produce the functionally graded material in a precipitation hardenable Al-4.6%Cu alloy by changing the microstructure. Temperature gradient furnace was used to achieve the gradation in microstructure from one end of the sample to the other end by differential aging of the solution treated sample. Mechanical properties can be varied in any precipitation hardenable alloy by means of producing various precipitates, which will form during the aging sequence. In Al-4.6%Cu alloy one end of the solution treated sample was aged for 38 hours at 170°C and the other end at 70°C by means of a temperature gradient furnace in which the coil density varies along the axis of the furnace. Thus we achieved a difference in mechanical properties from 70°C side to 170°C side as the precipitation during differential aging varied from GP zones at one end to θ' precipitate at the other end. Characterization was done on isothermally aged samples and in FGM using XRD (X-ray diffraction) and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy). XRD result showed that the final equilibrium precipitate θ was not formed in any of the heat-treated samples. TEM result showed the various precipitation sequences from GP zones to θ' in the isothermally aged samples and the same was confirmed in the gradient sample by cutting the samples form 70°C side towards the 170°C side and doing TEM on each sample. The properties of FGM in compression were studied using a 9mmx9mmxl8mm-compression sample using DARTEC machine and it was compared with those of isothermally aged samples. For 70°C the 0.2% proof stress was 141MPa and for 170°C it was 226MPa. The corresponding ductility values at the point of inflection on the engineering stress-strain curve for 70°C sample was higher (33%) than the 170°C (22%) sample. For the gradient sample it gave a proof stress of 163MPa and a ductility value of 30%.
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Sivakumar, V. "Processing, Characterization And Evaluation Of A Functionally Graded Ai - 4.6% Cu Alloy." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/183.

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In some applications the stress across the entire cross-section of a component is not uniform but varies with position. For example, maximum shear stress is highest at the inner surface of a thick-walled cylinder subjected to uniform internal pressure and it decreases continuously towards the outer surface. In such applications it would be more appropriate for the component, too, to have varying strength across the cross-section matching with the stress profile it is subjected to. The present work deals with obtaining such a functionally graded material (FGM), characterizing it and testing its mechanical properties in compression. Differential aging heat treatment was used to produce the functionally graded material in a precipitation hardenable Al-4.6%Cu alloy by changing the microstructure. Temperature gradient furnace was used to achieve the gradation in microstructure from one end of the sample to the other end by differential aging of the solution treated sample. Mechanical properties can be varied in any precipitation hardenable alloy by means of producing various precipitates, which will form during the aging sequence. In Al-4.6%Cu alloy one end of the solution treated sample was aged for 38 hours at 170°C and the other end at 70°C by means of a temperature gradient furnace in which the coil density varies along the axis of the furnace. Thus we achieved a difference in mechanical properties from 70°C side to 170°C side as the precipitation during differential aging varied from GP zones at one end to θ' precipitate at the other end. Characterization was done on isothermally aged samples and in FGM using XRD (X-ray diffraction) and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy). XRD result showed that the final equilibrium precipitate θ was not formed in any of the heat-treated samples. TEM result showed the various precipitation sequences from GP zones to θ' in the isothermally aged samples and the same was confirmed in the gradient sample by cutting the samples form 70°C side towards the 170°C side and doing TEM on each sample. The properties of FGM in compression were studied using a 9mmx9mmxl8mm-compression sample using DARTEC machine and it was compared with those of isothermally aged samples. For 70°C the 0.2% proof stress was 141MPa and for 170°C it was 226MPa. The corresponding ductility values at the point of inflection on the engineering stress-strain curve for 70°C sample was higher (33%) than the 170°C (22%) sample. For the gradient sample it gave a proof stress of 163MPa and a ductility value of 30%.
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Books on the topic "Functionally Graded Material (FGM)"

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International Conference on Multiscale and Functionally Graded Materials (9th 2006 Oahu, Hawaii). Multiscale and functionally graded materials: Proceedings of the international conference, FGM IX, Oahu Island, Hawaii, 15-18 October 2006. Edited by Paulino G. H. Melville, N.Y: American Institute of Physics, 2008.

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Pandey, Pulak M., Sandeep Rathee, Manu Srivastava, and Prashant K. Jain. Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs). Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003097976.

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Zhong, Zheng, and Guojun Nie. Analytical or Semi-analytical Solutions of Functionally Graded Material Structures. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2004-1.

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Yang, Lingqi. Particle Dynamics Simulation of Microstructure Evolution towards Functionally Graded Material Manufacturing. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2015.

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Japan) International Symposium on MM & FGMs (10th 2008 Sendai-han. Multiscale, multifunctional and functionally graded materials: Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 10th International Symposium on MM & FGMs, 22nd-25th September 2008, Sendai, Japan. Stafa-Zuriich, Switzerland: Trans Tech, 2010.

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Ebrahimi, Farzad. Smart Functionally Graded Plates: Vibration Analysis of FGM Plates Coupled with Piezoelectric Layers. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2020.

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Ebrahimi, Farzad. Smart Functionally Graded Plates: Vibration Analysis of FGM Plates Coupled with Piezoelectric Layers. Nova Science Pub Inc, 2010.

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Smart functionally graded plates: Vibration Analysis of FGM plates coupled with piezoelectric layers", December 2010, Nova Science Publishers. Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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Functionally Graded Materials (fgms). Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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Nie, Guojun, and Zheng Zhong. Analytical or Semi-Analytical Solutions of Functionally Graded Material Structures. Springer Singapore Pte. Limited, 2021.

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Book chapters on the topic "Functionally Graded Material (FGM)"

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Zhang, Bao Sheng, and Michael M. Gasik. "Machining FGM: Residual Stresses Redistribution." In Functionally Graded Materials VIII, 415–20. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-970-9.415.

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Platzek, D., G. Karpinski, Cestmir Drasar, and Eckhard Müller. "Seebeck Scanning Microprobe for Thermoelectric FGM." In Functionally Graded Materials VIII, 587–92. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-970-9.587.

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Malinina, Marina, Tina Sammi, and Michael M. Gasik. "Corrosion Resistance of Homogeneous and FGM Coatings." In Functionally Graded Materials VIII, 305–10. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-970-9.305.

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Inan, Ozgur, Serkan Dag, and Fazil Erdogan. "Three Dimensional Fracture Analysis of FGM Coatings." In Functionally Graded Materials VIII, 373–78. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-970-9.373.

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Gasik, Michael M., Akira Kawasaki, and Y. S. Kang. "Optimisation of FGM TBC and Their Thermal Cycling Stability." In Functionally Graded Materials VIII, 9–14. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-970-9.9.

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Chalak, H. D., and Aman Garg. "Recent Advancements in Analysis of FGM Structures and Future Scope." In Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs), 119–38. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003097976-7.

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Kudryashov, A. E., E. I. Zamulaeva, P. V. Vakaev, Yu S. Pogozhev, and E. A. Levashov. "New Multifunctional FGM Coatings Produced Using ESA and TRESS Methods." In Functionally Graded Materials VIII, 359–66. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-970-9.359.

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Liu, Li Sheng, Qing Jie Zhang, and Peng Cheng Zhai. "The Optimization of Propagation Characteristic of Elastic Wave in FGM." In Functionally Graded Materials VIII, 453–58. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-970-9.453.

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Wang, Jian Ping, Gang Chen, and Peng Cheng Zhai. "Optimization of Material Composition of FGM Coating under Steady Heat Flux Loading by Micro-Genetic Algorithms." In Functionally Graded Materials VIII, 441–46. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-970-9.441.

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Niino, Masayuki, Katsuto Kisara, and Masahiro Mori. "Feasibility Study of FGM Technology in Space Solar Power Systems (SSPS)." In Functionally Graded Materials VIII, 163–70. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-970-9.163.

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Conference papers on the topic "Functionally Graded Material (FGM)"

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Leung, Yuen-Shan, Huachao Mao, and Yong Chen. "Approximate Functionally Graded Materials for Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-86391.

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Functionally graded materials (FGM) possess superior properties of multiple materials due to the continuous transitions of these materials. Recent progresses in multi-material additive manufacturing (AM) processes enable the creation of arbitrary material composition, which significantly enlarges the manufacturing capability of FGMs. At the same time, the fabrication capability also introduces new challenges for the design of FGMs. A critical issue is to create the continuous material distribution under the fabrication constraints of multi-material AM processes. Using voxels to approximate gradient material distribution could be one plausible way for additive manufacturing. However, current FGM design methods are non-additive-manufacturing-oriented and unpredictable. For instance, some designs require a vast number of materials to achieve continuous transitions; however, the material choices that are available in a multi-material AM machine are rather limited. Other designs control the volume fraction of two materials to achieve gradual transition; however, such transition cannot be functionally guaranteed. To address these issues, we present a design and fabrication framework for FGMs that can efficiently and effectively generate printable and predictable FGM structures. We adopt a data-driven approach to approximate the behavior of FGM using two base materials. A digital material library is constructed with different combinations of the base materials, and their mechanical properties are extracted by Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The mechanical properties are then used for the conversion process between the FGM and the dual material structure such that similar behavior is guaranteed. An error diffusion algorithm is further developed to minimize the approximation error. Simulation results on four test cases show that our approach is robust and accurate, and the framework can successfully design and fabricate such FGM structures.
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Liu, Xingchen, and Vadim Shapiro. "Sample-Based Design of Functionally Graded Material Structures." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60431.

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Spatial variation of material structures is a principal mechanism for creating and controlling spatially varying material properties in nature and engineering. While the spatially varying homogenized properties can be represented by scalar and vector fields on the macroscopic scale, explicit microscopic structures of constituent phases are required to facilitate the visualization, analysis and manufacturing of functionally graded material (FGM). The challenge of FGM structure modeling lies in the integration of these two scales. We propose to represent and control material properties of FGM at macroscale using the notion of material descriptors which include common geometric, statistical, and topological measures, such as volume fraction, correlation functions and Minkowski functionals. At microscale, the material structures are modeled as Markov random fields: we formulate the problem of design and (re)construction of FGM structure as a process of selecting neighborhoods from a reference FGM, based on target material descriptors fields. The effectiveness of the proposed method in generating a spatially varying structure of FGM with target properties is demonstrated by two examples: design of a graded bone structure and generating functionally graded lattice structures with target volume fraction fields.
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Zhang, Binbin, Prakhar Jaiswal, Rahul Rai, and Saigopal Nelaturi. "Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Objects: A Review." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60320.

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Functionally graded materials (FGM) have recently attracted a lot of research attention in the wake of the recent prominence of additive manufacturing (AM) technology. The continuously varying spatial composition profile of two or more materials affords FGM object to simultaneously possess ideal properties of multiple different materials. Additionally, emerging technologies in AM domain enables one to make complex shapes with customized multifunctional material properties in an additive fashion, where laying down successive layers of material creates an object. In this paper, we focus on providing an overview of research at the intersection of AM techniques and FGM objects. We specifically discuss the FGM modeling representation schemes and outline a classification system to classify existing FGM representation methods. We also highlight the key aspects such as the part orientation, slicing, and path planning processes that are essential for fabricating a quality FGM object through the use of multi-material AM techniques.
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Figueiredo, Fabio, Lavinia Borges, Fernando Rochinha, Glaucio H. Paulino, Marek-Jerzy Pindera, Robert H. Dodds, Fernando A. Rochinha, Eshan Dave, and Linfeng Chen. "Elasto-plastic stress analysis of thick-walled FGM pipes." In MULTISCALE AND FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS 2006. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2896766.

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Cooley, W. Glenn, and Anthony Palazotto. "Finite Element Analysis of Functionally Graded Shell Panels Under Thermal Loading." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82776.

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Functionally Graded Materials (FGM) have continuous variation of material properties from one surface to another unlike a composite which has stepped (or discontinuous) material properties. The gradation of properties in an FGM reduces the thermal stresses, residual stresses, and stress concentrations found in traditional composites. An FGM’s gradation in material properties allows the designer to tailor material response to meet design criteria. For example, the Space Shuttle utilizes ceramic tiles as thermal protection from heat generated during re-entry into the Earth’s atmosphere. However, these tiles are prone to cracking at the tile / superstructure interface due to differences in thermal expansion coefficients. An FGM made of ceramic and metal can provide the thermal protection and load carrying capability in one material thus eliminating the problem of cracked tiles found on the Space Shuttle. This paper will explore analysis of shell panels under thermal loading and compare performance of traditional homogeneous materials to FGMs using ABAQUS [1] finite element software. First, theoretical development of FGMs is presented. Second, finite element modeling technique for FGMs is discussed for a thermal stress analysis. Third, homogeneous curved panels made of ceramic and metal are analyzed under thermal loading. Finally, FGM curved panels created from a mixture of ceramic and metal are analyzed. FGM performance is compared to the homogeneous materials in order to explore the effect continuously grading material properties has on structural performance.
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Nakagaki, Michihiko, and Ryosuke Matsumoto. "Predicting Speed of Crack Running in Functionally Graded Material." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71564.

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A theoretical and computational methodology for the analysis of the functionally graded material (FGM) is introduced, and its application is made to the problem of a dynamically propagating crack running transversely in the FGM, where the intensity of the estimated crack-tip severity is managed to keep in valance with the graded material toughness in the FGM during the propagation. To detect the crack-tip severity, an integral fracture parameter, T*, is used. The crack is propagated so that the value of T* is equated to the prescribed varying critical values of T* for the graded material. Emphasis is placed on the use of a fuzzy inference technique in order to control the crack speed, which is deduced from a few T* values immediately preceding the current crack position. As to describing the constitutive law for the FGM, micro-spherical particles of arbitrary size in mesoscale are considered to be randomly dispersed in the matrix medium. By assuming that the volume fraction of the inclusion is continuously varied from 0 to 100 percent in the material, the grading is modeled. For modeling the constitutive law for the FGM composite media of thermo-elastoplasticity, a closed form SCC-LRM constitutive model describing the nonlinear material mechanics of the particle-dispersed medium is used. The model is based on the self-consistent scheme and uses Eshelby’s equivalent inclusion method. Unprecedented analytical results of predicting the crack speed of a crack running transversely in the FGM plate are obtained. In some cases of material grading, apparent crack arresting is observed as the crack runs into the metal rich area of the FGM.
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Dias, C. M. R., H. Savastano, V. M. John, Glaucio H. Paulino, Marek-Jerzy Pindera, Robert H. Dodds, Fernando A. Rochinha, Eshan Dave, and Linfeng Chen. "The FGM Concept in the Development of Fiber Cement Components." In MULTISCALE AND FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS 2006. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2896834.

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Matsuura, Kiyotaka, Yusuke Hikichi, Yuki Obara, Tatsuya Ohmi, Glaucio H. Paulino, Marek-Jerzy Pindera, Robert H. Dodds, Fernando A. Rochinha, Eshan Dave, and Linfeng Chen. "Combustion Synthesis of TiC Particle Dispersed Metal Matrix FGM Composites." In MULTISCALE AND FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS 2006. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2896896.

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Taya, M., J. K. Lee, and T. Mori. "Dislocation Punching in Functionally-Graded Materials." In ASME 1996 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0473.

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Abstract A new dislocation punching model for a functionally graded material (FGM) subjected to a temperature change has been proposed, using Eshelby’s model. FGM, consisting of several layers, is deposited on a ceramic substrate. Two types of microstructures are examined for a layer: one consists of a metal matrix and ceramic particles and the other of a ceramic matrix and metal particles. An elastic energy is evaluated when plastic strain, in addition to thermal mismatch strain, is introduced in the metal phase. The work dissipated by the plastic deformation is also calculated. From the condition that the reduction in the elastic energy is larger than the work dissipated, a critical thermal mismatch strain to induce stress relaxation is determined. The magnitude of the plastic strain is also determined, when the relaxation occurs. The results of the present theory for a special case of FGM, i.e., the case of single interface coincide with those of our earlier work on a thin metal coating on ceramic substrate. The theory is applied to a model FGM consisting of mixtures of Pd and Al2O3 on an Al2O3 substrate.
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Jin, Zhi-He, and Glaucio H. Paulino. "Transient Thermal Stress Analysis of an Interior Crack in Functionally Graded Materials." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1697.

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Abstract An internal crack in a strip of a functionally graded material (FGM) is studied under transient thermal loading conditions. The FGM is assumed having constant Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio, but the thermal properties of the material vary along the thickness direction of the strip. Thus the material is elastically homogeneous but thermally nonhomogeneous. This kind of FGMs include some ceramic/ceramic FGMs such as TiC/SiC and MoSi2/Al2O3, and also some ceramic/metal FGMs such as zirconia/nickel and zirconia/steel. Thermal stress intensity factors (TSIFs) are calculated for a TiC/SiC FGM with various volume fraction profiles of the constituent materials. It is found that the TSIF could be reduced if the thermally shocked cracked edge of the FGM strip is pure TiC.
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Reports on the topic "Functionally Graded Material (FGM)"

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Petrovic, J. J., and K. J. McClellan. Ceramic/polymer functionally graded material (FGM) lightweight armor system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/307982.

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Hudnut, Steven, and Minoru Taya. Thermomechanical Behavior of Functionally Graded Materials (FGM). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada398654.

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Gomez, Jaime. (U) Validation and Optimization of a 1-Dimensional Quasi-Isentropic Compression Model Using a Functionally Graded Material Flyer Plate. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1782611.

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Nycz, Andrzej, Clint Wildash, Yukinori Yamamoto, Luke Meyer, Derek Vaughan, Andres Marquez Rossy, and Donovan Leonard. Multi material/functionally graded wire arc additive manufacturing of high strength steel valves clad with nickel alloy 625 used for oil extraction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1992746.

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