Relevant bibliographies by topics / Functionally Graded Material (FGM)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Functionally Graded Material (FGM)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Functionally Graded Material (FGM)"

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Ge, Chang Chun, Xiao Feng Wu, and Gui Ying Xu. "Functionally Graded Thermoelectric Materials." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 2600–2604. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.2600.

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Functionally graded thermoelectric material (TE FGM) is one of main research direction in research field of thermoelectric (TE) materials all over world. A lot of research work on TE FGM has been done to improve the conversion efficiency of TE. Here the development of TE FGM in recent years is discussed in the aspects of the model design, the materials selection, the barrier or joining choice and the device fabrication.
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Deshpande, G. A., S. S. More, and R. S. Parekar. "Static and Vibration Analysis of FGM Plates: A Critical Review." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 2 (2023): 526–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.49061.

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Abstract: Recently a new material has been emerged with variation of material properties particularly across the thickness. Such class of materials is called functionally graded materials. The concept of functionally graded material was proposed in 1984 by materials scientists as a means of preparing thermal barrier materials. Since then functionally graded materials are being increasingly used in the aeronautical and aerospace industry as well as in other fields of modern technology. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the various methods used to study the static and dynamic behavio
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Helal, Wasim M. K., and Dong Yan Shi. "FE Analysis of Functionally Graded Material Plate during Debonding Case with Different Boundary Conditions." Key Engineering Materials 627 (September 2014): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.627.57.

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Functionally graded materials (FGMs) have become helpful in our engineering applications. Analysis of functionally graded material (FGM) plate during debonding case with different boundary conditions is the main purpose of this investigation. Elastic modulus (E) of functionally graded (FG) plate is assumed to vary continuously throughout the height of the plate, according the volume fraction of the constituent materials based on a modified sigmoid function, but the value of Poisson coefficient is constant. In this research, the finite element method (FEM) is used in order to show the shape of
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Wang, Chuan Bin, Hao Zeng, Y. G. Chen, Qiang Shen, and Lian Meng Zhang. "Preparation of W/Cu Functionally Graded Material." Materials Science Forum 631-632 (October 2009): 431–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.631-632.431.

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A W/Cu system functionally graded material (FGM), which may be used as plasma facing component for fusion reactors, was prepared by inserting W-Cu layers with gradient composition between tungsten and copper alloy plates. W-Cu gradient layers were hot-press sintered from W-Cu powder mixtures added with zinc powder as the sintering aid, whose relative density increased with sintering temperature, reaching a value higher than 96% at 850°C. XRD and SEM measurements showed that the sintered W-Cu gradient layers were the mechanical mixtures of W and Cu. A wholly dense W/Cu system FGM was then obtai
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Lê, Thị Hà. "Ảnh hưởng của lực di động đến đáp ứng động dầm xốp sandwich liên tục có cơ tính biến thiên". Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology 2024, vi.vol1 (2024): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.59382/j-ibst.2024.vi.vol1-2.

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This paper analysis dynamic response of porous functionally graded material (p-FGM) multi-span sandwich beams subject to two moving loads. The core of sandwich beam is fully ceramic and skins are composed of a porous functionally graded material. The vibration differential equations of beams are established based on the finite element method (FEM). Using the Newmark direct integration method, the dynamic response of the beam is calculated. A detailed study is performed to investigate the influences of material, moving load speed, porous parameter and distance between two moving loads on the dy
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Khalil, Sihame, Oussama Elmhaia, Abdellah Hamdaoui, et al. "Modeling of Functionally Graded Material Shells." E3S Web of Conferences 601 (2025): 00090. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202560100090.

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In this research, we propose an algorithm to study the buckling of thin Functionally Graded Material (FGM) shells, utilizing a novel implementation of the asymptotic numerical method (ANM). Our approach integrates a three-step process: representation of variables and loading conditions through a truncated Taylor series, discretization using the finite element method (FEM), and advancement via a continuation method. This method is particularly effective for tracking the solution curve through systematic matrix inversion and tolerance adjustments. By applying this robust algorithm within the fra
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Sreeju Nair S B, C. Pany. "Functionally Graded Panels: A Review." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology, no. 8 (August 5, 2020): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst060808.

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Functionally gradedmaterials (FGMs) are not homogeneous materials. It consists of different(two or more) materials, engineered to have a continuously varying spatial composition profile. FGM is the one that can solve practical problems arising from the production and application of a new type of composite material. This paper describes the overview of FGM basic concepts, classification, properties, and its modeling which may focus on the static and dynamic analysis of functionally graded panels. The effective material properties of functionally graded materials for the panel are graded in the
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Joshi, Kamal Kishore, and Vishesh Ranjan Kar. "Effect of material heterogeneity on the deformation behaviour of multidirectional (1D/2D/3D) functionally graded composite panels." Engineering Computations 38, no. 8 (2021): 3325–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-06-2020-0301.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is the comprehensive numerical assessment of multidirectional (1D/2D/3D) functionally graded composite panel structures with different material gradation patterns and degrees of material heterogeneity. Here, deformation characteristics are obtained under different loading and support conditions. Design/methodology/approach The finite element solutions of multidirectional functionally graded composite panels subjected to uniform and sinusoidal transverse loads are presented under different support conditions. Here, different functionally graded composites, such
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Monslin, Sugirtha Singh J., and Thangaratnam R. Kari. "Vibration of Initially Stressed Functionally Graded Material Plates and Shells." Applied Mechanics and Materials 684 (October 2014): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.684.158.

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Finite element formulation using semiloof shell element for initially stressed vibration of Functionally Graded Material (FGM) plates and shells are presented. The influence of volume fraction index on the vibration frequencies of thin functionally graded plates and shells and variation of temperature on frequency are studied. New results are presented for initially stressed vibration of FGM plates and shells.
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Toudehdehghan, Abdolreza, and Md Mujibur Rahman. "Comparison Conventional Coated Beam with Functionally Graded Coated Beam." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.35 (2018): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.23095.

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New materials are essential for the development and advancement in material manufacturing technology. A brief overview of the history of human civilization shows that from stone tools to the steel age and then to the space age, had proven that the revolution of materials is key for new technology development. Today, it is known that phenomenon such as interface delamination and de-bonding on a conventional thermal barrier coating (which are present in an environment with high temperature) degrades the performance of the material and its mechanical properties. In overcoming this adverse effects
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Functionally Graded Material (FGM)"

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Hosseinzadeh, Delandar Arash. "Finite element analysis of thermally induced residual stresses in functionally graded materials." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-92519.

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Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are advanced materials and their main characteristic is microstructure and composition variation over the volume of the specimen. This variation of the composition results in changing of material properties in the component. In FGMs usually there are two different types of powder materials such as metal and ceramic powders which are mixed to build up the graded region. These grade layers are placed between the metal and ceramic layers and by this approach a smooth and gradual transient from metal to ceramic can be achieved.Sintering is the main technique to
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Mellachervu, Krishnaveni. "Study of the honeycomb structures and functionally graded materials using the BEM and FEM." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1206460053.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.<br>Advisor: Yijun Liu. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Feb.25, 2009). Includes abstract. Keywords: Honeycomb; FGM; BEM; FEM. Includes bibliographical references.
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DESHMUKH, PUSHKARAJ M. "MODELING ERROR ESTIMATION AND ADAPTIVE MODELING OF FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1096036755.

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Cetin, Suat. "Analytical Solution Of A Crack Problem In A Radially Graded Fgm." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609120/index.pdf.

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The objective of this study is to determine stress intensity factors (SIFs) for a crack in a radially graded FGM layer on a substrate. Functionally graded coating with an edge crack perpendicular to the interface and a homogeneous substrate are bonded together. In order to make the problem analytically tractable, geometry is modeled as an FGM strip attached to a homogeneous layer. Introducing the elastic foundation underneath the homogeneous layer, an FGM coating on a thin walled cylinder can be modeled. At first, governing equations are obtained from stress displacement and equilibrium equati
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Okubo, Hitoshi, Hideki Shumiya, Masahiro Ito, and Katsumi Kato. "Insulation Performance of Permittivity Graded FGM (Functionally Graded Materials) in SF6 Gas under Lightning Impulse Conditions." IEEE, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/9496.

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Okubo, Hitoshi, Masafumi Takei, Yoshikazu Hoshina, Masahiro Hanai, Katsumi Kato, and Muneaki Kurimoto. "Application of Functionally Graded Material for Reducing Electric Field on Electrode and Spacer Interface." IEEE, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14528.

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Ince, Ismet. "Periodic Crack Problem For An Fgm Coated Half Plane." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614376/index.pdf.

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An elastic FGM layer bonded to a semi-infinite linear elastic, isotropic, homogeneous half plane is considered. The half plane contains periodic cracks perpendicular to the interface. Mechanical loading is applied through crack surface pressure, resulting in a mode I crack problem. The plane elasticity problem described above is formulated by using Fourier transforms and Fourier series. A singular integral equation is obtained for the auxiliary variable, namely derivative of the crack surface displacement. Solution is obtained, and stress intensity factors are calculated for various values of
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Odorczyk, Marcos Fernando. "Uma estratégia numérica para análise termoelástica de sólidos recobertos com filmes de material funcionalmente gradado (FGM)." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2011. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1796.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T17:19:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pre-textuais.pdf: 99837 bytes, checksum: 26af6e9b202afa9fa60be43b442df83a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-29<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>The finite element method has been traditionally applied in solving problems of elasticity and heat transfer, being widely used in cases with homogeneous isotropic materials. With the advent of new technologies, it has been more frequent to use components with more than one material, aiming to get the most out of each phase. A common example
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Sivakumar, V. "Processing, Characterization And Evaluation Of A Functionally Graded Ai - 4.6% Cu Alloy." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2000. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/183.

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In some applications the stress across the entire cross-section of a component is not uniform but varies with position. For example, maximum shear stress is highest at the inner surface of a thick-walled cylinder subjected to uniform internal pressure and it decreases continuously towards the outer surface. In such applications it would be more appropriate for the component, too, to have varying strength across the cross-section matching with the stress profile it is subjected to. The present work deals with obtaining such a functionally graded material (FGM), characterizing it and testing its
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Sivakumar, V. "Processing, Characterization And Evaluation Of A Functionally Graded Ai - 4.6% Cu Alloy." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/183.

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In some applications the stress across the entire cross-section of a component is not uniform but varies with position. For example, maximum shear stress is highest at the inner surface of a thick-walled cylinder subjected to uniform internal pressure and it decreases continuously towards the outer surface. In such applications it would be more appropriate for the component, too, to have varying strength across the cross-section matching with the stress profile it is subjected to. The present work deals with obtaining such a functionally graded material (FGM), characterizing it and testing its
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Books on the topic "Functionally Graded Material (FGM)"

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International Conference on Multiscale and Functionally Graded Materials (9th 2006 Oahu, Hawaii). Multiscale and functionally graded materials: Proceedings of the international conference, FGM IX, Oahu Island, Hawaii, 15-18 October 2006. Edited by Paulino G. H. American Institute of Physics, 2008.

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Pandey, Pulak M., Sandeep Rathee, Manu Srivastava, and Prashant K. Jain. Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs). CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003097976.

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Zhong, Zheng, and Guojun Nie. Analytical or Semi-analytical Solutions of Functionally Graded Material Structures. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2004-1.

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Yang, Lingqi. Particle Dynamics Simulation of Microstructure Evolution towards Functionally Graded Material Manufacturing. [publisher not identified], 2015.

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Japan) International Symposium on MM & FGMs (10th 2008 Sendai-han. Multiscale, multifunctional and functionally graded materials: Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 10th International Symposium on MM & FGMs, 22nd-25th September 2008, Sendai, Japan. Trans Tech, 2010.

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Ebrahimi, Farzad. Smart Functionally Graded Plates: Vibration Analysis of FGM Plates Coupled with Piezoelectric Layers. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2020.

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Ebrahimi, Farzad. Smart Functionally Graded Plates: Vibration Analysis of FGM Plates Coupled with Piezoelectric Layers. Nova Science Pub Inc, 2010.

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Smart functionally graded plates: Vibration Analysis of FGM plates coupled with piezoelectric layers", December 2010, Nova Science Publishers. Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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Functionally Graded Materials (fgms). Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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Pentaras, Demetris. Mechanics of Functionally Graded Material Structures. World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd, 2015.

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Book chapters on the topic "Functionally Graded Material (FGM)"

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Zghal, Souhir, and Fakhreddine Dammak. "Thermal analysis of FGM structures using (I-FSDT)." In Functionally Graded Materials. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003483786-2.

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Zhang, Bao Sheng, and Michael M. Gasik. "Machining FGM: Residual Stresses Redistribution." In Functionally Graded Materials VIII. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-970-9.415.

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Zghal, Souhir, and Fakhreddine Dammak. "Buckling and post-buckling of FGM plates and shells." In Functionally Graded Materials. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003483786-3.

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Platzek, D., G. Karpinski, Cestmir Drasar, and Eckhard Müller. "Seebeck Scanning Microprobe for Thermoelectric FGM." In Functionally Graded Materials VIII. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-970-9.587.

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Malinina, Marina, Tina Sammi, and Michael M. Gasik. "Corrosion Resistance of Homogeneous and FGM Coatings." In Functionally Graded Materials VIII. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-970-9.305.

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Inan, Ozgur, Serkan Dag, and Fazil Erdogan. "Three Dimensional Fracture Analysis of FGM Coatings." In Functionally Graded Materials VIII. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-970-9.373.

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Gasik, Michael M., Akira Kawasaki, and Y. S. Kang. "Optimisation of FGM TBC and Their Thermal Cycling Stability." In Functionally Graded Materials VIII. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-970-9.9.

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Chalak, H. D., and Aman Garg. "Recent Advancements in Analysis of FGM Structures and Future Scope." In Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs). CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003097976-7.

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Kudryashov, A. E., E. I. Zamulaeva, P. V. Vakaev, Yu S. Pogozhev, and E. A. Levashov. "New Multifunctional FGM Coatings Produced Using ESA and TRESS Methods." In Functionally Graded Materials VIII. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-970-9.359.

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Liu, Li Sheng, Qing Jie Zhang, and Peng Cheng Zhai. "The Optimization of Propagation Characteristic of Elastic Wave in FGM." In Functionally Graded Materials VIII. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-970-9.453.

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Conference papers on the topic "Functionally Graded Material (FGM)"

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Leung, Yuen-Shan, Huachao Mao, and Yong Chen. "Approximate Functionally Graded Materials for Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-86391.

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Functionally graded materials (FGM) possess superior properties of multiple materials due to the continuous transitions of these materials. Recent progresses in multi-material additive manufacturing (AM) processes enable the creation of arbitrary material composition, which significantly enlarges the manufacturing capability of FGMs. At the same time, the fabrication capability also introduces new challenges for the design of FGMs. A critical issue is to create the continuous material distribution under the fabrication constraints of multi-material AM processes. Using voxels to approximate gra
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Liu, Xingchen, and Vadim Shapiro. "Sample-Based Design of Functionally Graded Material Structures." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60431.

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Spatial variation of material structures is a principal mechanism for creating and controlling spatially varying material properties in nature and engineering. While the spatially varying homogenized properties can be represented by scalar and vector fields on the macroscopic scale, explicit microscopic structures of constituent phases are required to facilitate the visualization, analysis and manufacturing of functionally graded material (FGM). The challenge of FGM structure modeling lies in the integration of these two scales. We propose to represent and control material properties of FGM at
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Zhang, Binbin, Prakhar Jaiswal, Rahul Rai, and Saigopal Nelaturi. "Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Objects: A Review." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60320.

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Functionally graded materials (FGM) have recently attracted a lot of research attention in the wake of the recent prominence of additive manufacturing (AM) technology. The continuously varying spatial composition profile of two or more materials affords FGM object to simultaneously possess ideal properties of multiple different materials. Additionally, emerging technologies in AM domain enables one to make complex shapes with customized multifunctional material properties in an additive fashion, where laying down successive layers of material creates an object. In this paper, we focus on provi
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Cooley, W. Glenn, and Anthony Palazotto. "Finite Element Analysis of Functionally Graded Shell Panels Under Thermal Loading." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82776.

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Functionally Graded Materials (FGM) have continuous variation of material properties from one surface to another unlike a composite which has stepped (or discontinuous) material properties. The gradation of properties in an FGM reduces the thermal stresses, residual stresses, and stress concentrations found in traditional composites. An FGM’s gradation in material properties allows the designer to tailor material response to meet design criteria. For example, the Space Shuttle utilizes ceramic tiles as thermal protection from heat generated during re-entry into the Earth’s atmosphere. However,
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Nakagaki, Michihiko, and Ryosuke Matsumoto. "Predicting Speed of Crack Running in Functionally Graded Material." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71564.

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A theoretical and computational methodology for the analysis of the functionally graded material (FGM) is introduced, and its application is made to the problem of a dynamically propagating crack running transversely in the FGM, where the intensity of the estimated crack-tip severity is managed to keep in valance with the graded material toughness in the FGM during the propagation. To detect the crack-tip severity, an integral fracture parameter, T*, is used. The crack is propagated so that the value of T* is equated to the prescribed varying critical values of T* for the graded material. Emph
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Jin, Zhi-He, and Glaucio H. Paulino. "Transient Thermal Stress Analysis of an Interior Crack in Functionally Graded Materials." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1697.

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Abstract An internal crack in a strip of a functionally graded material (FGM) is studied under transient thermal loading conditions. The FGM is assumed having constant Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio, but the thermal properties of the material vary along the thickness direction of the strip. Thus the material is elastically homogeneous but thermally nonhomogeneous. This kind of FGMs include some ceramic/ceramic FGMs such as TiC/SiC and MoSi2/Al2O3, and also some ceramic/metal FGMs such as zirconia/nickel and zirconia/steel. Thermal stress intensity factors (TSIFs) are calculated for a TiC/
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Figueiredo, Fabio, Lavinia Borges, Fernando Rochinha, et al. "Elasto-plastic stress analysis of thick-walled FGM pipes." In MULTISCALE AND FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS 2006. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2896766.

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Taya, M., J. K. Lee, and T. Mori. "Dislocation Punching in Functionally-Graded Materials." In ASME 1996 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0473.

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Abstract A new dislocation punching model for a functionally graded material (FGM) subjected to a temperature change has been proposed, using Eshelby’s model. FGM, consisting of several layers, is deposited on a ceramic substrate. Two types of microstructures are examined for a layer: one consists of a metal matrix and ceramic particles and the other of a ceramic matrix and metal particles. An elastic energy is evaluated when plastic strain, in addition to thermal mismatch strain, is introduced in the metal phase. The work dissipated by the plastic deformation is also calculated. From the cond
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Dias, C. M. R., H. Savastano, V. M. John, et al. "The FGM Concept in the Development of Fiber Cement Components." In MULTISCALE AND FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS 2006. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2896834.

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Matsuura, Kiyotaka, Yusuke Hikichi, Yuki Obara, et al. "Combustion Synthesis of TiC Particle Dispersed Metal Matrix FGM Composites." In MULTISCALE AND FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS 2006. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2896896.

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Reports on the topic "Functionally Graded Material (FGM)"

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Petrovic, J. J., and K. J. McClellan. Ceramic/polymer functionally graded material (FGM) lightweight armor system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/307982.

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Hudnut, Steven, and Minoru Taya. Thermomechanical Behavior of Functionally Graded Materials (FGM). Defense Technical Information Center, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada398654.

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Gomez, Jaime. (U) Validation and Optimization of a 1-Dimensional Quasi-Isentropic Compression Model Using a Functionally Graded Material Flyer Plate. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1782611.

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Nycz, Andrzej, Clint Wildash, Yukinori Yamamoto, et al. Multi material/functionally graded wire arc additive manufacturing of high strength steel valves clad with nickel alloy 625 used for oil extraction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1992746.

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You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Functionally Graded Material (FGM)' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses
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