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Journal articles on the topic 'Gauge factor'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Zhao, Yinming, Zhigang Wang, Siyang Tan, et al. "Dependance of Gauge Factor on Micro-Morphology of Sensitive Grids in Resistive Strain Gauges." Micromachines 13, no. 2 (2022): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13020280.

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The effect of micro-morphology of resistive strain gauges on gauge factor was investigated numerically and experimentally. Based on the observed dimensional parameters of various commercial resistive strain gauges, a modeling method had been proposed to reconstruct the rough sidewall on the sensitive grids. Both the amplitude and period of sidewall profiles are normalized by the sensitive grid width. The relative resistance change of the strain gauge model with varying sidewall profiles was calculated. The results indicate that the micro-morphology on the sidewall profile led to the deviation

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2

Mapiam, Punpim Puttaraksa, Monton Methaprayun, Thom Bogaard, Gerrit Schoups, and Marie-Claire Ten Veldhuis. "Citizen rain gauges improve hourly radar rainfall bias correction using a two-step Kalman filter." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 26, no. 3 (2022): 775–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-775-2022.

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Abstract. The low density of conventional rain gauge networks is often a limiting factor for radar rainfall bias correction. Citizen rain gauges offer a promising opportunity to collect rainfall data at a higher spatial density. In this paper, hourly radar rainfall bias adjustment was applied using two different rain gauge networks: tipping buckets, measured by Thai Meteorological Department (TMD), and daily citizen rain gauges. The radar rainfall bias correction factor was sequentially updated based on TMD and citizen rain gauge data using a two-step Kalman filter to incorporate the two gauge

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3

Kang, Hyunkyoo, Seokjin Kim, Jaehak Shin, and Sunglim Ko. "Inkjet-Printed Flexible Strain-Gauge Sensor on Polymer Substrate: Topographical Analysis of Sensitivity." Applied Sciences 12, no. 6 (2022): 3193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12063193.

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Inkjet-printed strain gauges on flexible substrates have recently been investigated for biomedical motion detection as well as the monitoring of structural deformation. This study performed a topographical analysis of an inkjet-printed strain gauge constructed using silver conductive ink on a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) substrate. Serpentine strain-gauge sensors of various thicknesses and widths were fabricated using inkjet printing and oven sintering. The fabricated gauge sensors were attached to curved surfaces, and gauge factors ranging from 2.047 to 3.098 were recorded. We found that

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4

Kim, Y., and S. Kwon. "Resistivity dependence of gauge factor of polysilicon strain gauge." Micro & Nano Letters 5, no. 3 (2010): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/mnl.2010.0031.

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5

Yang, Shixuan, and Nanshu Lu. "Gauge Factor and Stretchability of Silicon-on-Polymer Strain Gauges." Sensors 13, no. 7 (2013): 8577–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s130708577.

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6

Zhou, Zehui, Bin Yong, Jiufu Liu, et al. "Preliminary Evaluation of the HOBO Data Logging Rain Gauge at the Chuzhou Hydrological Experiment Station, China." Advances in Meteorology 2019 (November 4, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5947976.

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As a tipping bucket rain gauge, the HOBO Data Logging Rain Gauge RG3-M (RG3-M) has been widely used for the field precipitation observation owing to its superiority of independent power supply by a small portable battery. To quantify the measurement accuracy of the RG3-M gauge, a standard Manual Gauge (MG) and eight other models of tipping bucket rain gauges were installed at the Chuzhou hydrological experiment station of China. In this study, we first compared and investigated the accumulated mounts of 18 rainfall events of two RG3-M gauges benchmarked by the standard MG. Then, five typical r

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7

Prakash, Satya, Ashwin Seshadri, J. Srinivasan, and D. S. Pai. "A New Parameter to Assess Impact of Rain Gauge Density on Uncertainty in the Estimate of Monthly Rainfall over India." Journal of Hydrometeorology 20, no. 5 (2019): 821–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-18-0161.1.

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Abstract Rain gauges are considered the most accurate method to estimate rainfall and are used as the “ground truth” for a wide variety of applications. The spatial density of rain gauges varies substantially and hence influences the accuracy of gridded gauge-based rainfall products. The temporal changes in rain gauge density over a region introduce considerable biases in the historical trends in mean rainfall and its extremes. An estimate of uncertainty in gauge-based rainfall estimates associated with the nonuniform layout and placement pattern of the rain gauge network is vital for national

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8

Song, Ming, Hui Wang, and Tong Xu. "In-Plane Strain Field Sensor Based on the Semiconductor Film." Materials Science Forum 848 (March 2016): 777–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.848.777.

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The ZnO semiconductor multicrystalline film is utilized as the sensing material, and a sensors array is demonstrated in this paper. Based on the coupling effect of piezoelectric and semiconducting, an ultra-high sensitivity to the deformation is obtained that the gauge factor of the single units is derived up to 199, which is 100 times of that of the commercial foil gage (gauge factor = 2). After calibration on every sensing unit, the distribution of the uniform and non-uniform strain applied on the device is measured and mapped by the sensors array successfully. The results show a good applic

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9

Schwebke, S., and G. Schultes. "Antiferromagnetic chromium thin films as piezoresistive sensor materials." Journal of Applied Physics 132, no. 18 (2022): 185303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0100031.

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Sputter-deposited thin films of pure chromium and of chromium with small amounts of nitrogen are characterized regarding their electrical resistivity and strain dependence, i.e., piezoresistivity. They show a temperature dependent piezoresistive effect with gauge factors ranging approximately from 10 to 20. Related to this effect, they exhibit signs of a paramagnetic–antiferromagnetic transition at temperatures of 420 K and higher. For characterization, resistivity is measured at different strain levels: in a bending setup with a fixed radius and in a four-point bending system with reference s

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10

KIEU, T. D. "GAUGE-INVARIANT QUANTISATION OF CHIRAL GAUGE THEORIES." Modern Physics Letters A 05, no. 03 (1990): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732390000214.

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The path-integral functional of chiral gauge theories with background gauge potentials are derived in the holomorphic representation. Justification is provided, from first quantum mechanical principles, for the appearance of a functional phase factor of the gauge fields in order to maintain the gauge invariance. This term is shown to originate either from the Berry phase of the first-quantized hamiltonians or from the normal ordering of the second-quantized hamiltonian with respect to the Dirac in-vacuum. The quantization of the chiral Schwinger model is taken as an example.

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11

Kucha, Karel. "Covariant factor ordering of gauge systems." Physical Review D 34, no. 10 (1986): 3044–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.34.3044.

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12

Zike, S., and L. P. Mikkelsen. "Correction of Gauge Factor for Strain Gauges Used in Polymer Composite Testing." Experimental Mechanics 54, no. 3 (2013): 393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11340-013-9813-7.

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13

Liu, Xiao Wei, Xue Bin Lu, Rong Yan Chuai, Chang Zhi Shi, Ming Xue Huo, and Wei Ping Chen. "Gauge Factor and Nonlinearity of P-Type Polysilicon Nanofilms." Advanced Materials Research 60-61 (January 2009): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.60-61.84.

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The gauge factor and nonlinearity of 80nm polysilicon nanofilms with different doping concentration were tested. The experimental results show that, from 8.1×1018cm-3 to 2.0×1020cm-3, the gauge factors first increase then decrease, which like the common polysilicon films (thickness is larger than 100nm). From 2.0×1020cm-3 to 7.1×1020cm-3, the gauge factors do not change with doping concentration almost, which can be explained by tunneling piezoresistive theory. When doping concentration is low than 4.1×1019cm-3, the nonlinearities are big, and the nonlinearities become small when doping concen

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14

Yang, Daqing, Esko Elomaa, Asko Tuominen, et al. "Wind-induced Precipitation Undercatch of the Hellmann Gauges." Hydrology Research 30, no. 1 (1999): 57–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1999.0004.

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The Hellmann gauges have been widely used as the official precipitation measurement instruments in 30 countries. From 1986 to 1993, the accuracy and performance of the Hellmann gauges were evaluated during the WMO Solid Precipitation Measurement Intercomparison at 4 stations in Finland, Russia, Germany, and Croatia. The double fence intercomparison reference (DFIR) was the reference standard used at all the Intercomparison stations. The data for the Hellmann gauges were compiled from measurements made at the 4 WMO intercomparison sites. These data represent a variety of climates, terrains and

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15

Evdokimov, I. V., E. V. Sterkhov, S. A. Uporov, and R. E. Ryltsev. "Gauge Factor of Refractory High-Entropy Alloys." Physics of Metals and Metallography 125, no. 11 (2024): 1240–49. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0031918x24602269.

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16

AHN, CHANGHYUN. "META-STABLE BRANE CONFIGURATION AND GAUGED FLAVOR SYMMETRY." Modern Physics Letters A 22, no. 31 (2007): 2329–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732307024346.

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Starting from an [Formula: see text] supersymmetric electric gauge theory with the gauge group Sp (N c ) × SO (2N′ c ) with fundamentals for the first gauge group factor and a bifundamental, we apply Seiberg dual to the symplectic gauge group only and arrive at the [Formula: see text] supersymmetric dual magnetic gauge theory with dual matters including the gauge singlets and superpotential. By analyzing the F-term equations of the dual magnetic superpotential, we describe the intersecting brane configuration of type IIA string theory corresponding to the meta-stable nonsupersymmetric vacua of

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17

Mathis, Maximilian, Dennis Vollberg, Matthäus Langosch, Dirk Göttel, Angela Lellig, and Günter Schultes. "Creep adjustment of strain gauges based on granular NiCr-carbon thin films." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 10, no. 1 (2021): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-10-53-2021.

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Abstract. An important property of high-precision mechanical sensors such as force transducers or torque sensors is the so-called creep error. It is defined as the signal deviation over time at a constant load. Since this signal deviation results in a reduced accuracy of the sensor, it is beneficial to minimize the creep error. Many of these sensors consist of a metallic spring element and strain gauges. In order to realize a sensor with a creep error of almost zero, it is necessary to compensate for the creep behavior of the metallic spring element. This can be achieved by creep adjustment of

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18

Dao, H. L. "Cosmological solutions from 5D N = 4 matter-coupled supergravity." Journal of Physics Communications 6, no. 2 (2022): 025003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/ac4fb0.

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Abstract From five-dimensional N = 4 matter-coupled gauged supergravity, smooth time-dependent cosmological solutions, connecting a dS 5−d × H d (with d = 2, 3) spacetime at early times to a dS 5 spacetime at late times, are presented. The solutions are derived from the second-order equations of motion arising from all the gauged theories that can admit dS 5 solutions. There are eight such theories constructed from gauge groups of the form SO(1, 1) × G nc and SO ( 1 , 1 ) diag ( n ) × G nc , with n = 2, 3, where G nc is a non-compact gauge factor whose compact part must be embedded entirely in

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19

Demircilioglu, Erman, Egemen Teomete, and Osman E. Ozbulut. "Strain sensitivity of steel-fiber-reinforced industrial smart concrete." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 31, no. 1 (2019): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x19888722.

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Self-sensing cementitious composites can enable structures that are capable of carrying the loads applied on them while monitoring their condition. Most of earlier research has focused on the incorporation of nanofillers or microfibers into cement paste or mortar composites. However, there have been very limited number of studies on the development of steel-fiber-reinforced cementitious composites with self-sensing capabilities. This study explores strain sensitivity of concrete mixtures that include coarse aggregates up to 15 mm diameter and steel fibers with a length of 13 mm and a diameter

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20

YAN, JIANWU, and JICHENG ZHOU. "STRAIN SENSITIVITY AND TEMPERATURE INFLUENCE OF NICHROME (80/20 wt.%) THIN FILM FABRICATED BY MAGNETRON SPUTTERING." International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, no. 21 (2007): 3719–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979207037636.

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The electromechanical properties of nichrome ( Ni – Cr 80/20 wt.%) used as a common material for application in thin film strain gauges have been studied. The surface topography and chemical composition of Ni – Cr thin films grown on the glass substrate by magnetron sputtering have been analyzed by atomic force microscope (AFM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. The temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) has been determined by a Nano-volt/Micro ohm meter. The gauge factor (FG) has been determined by the cantilever method. Low stable TCR values (22 ppm to 46 ppm in the

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21

Enser, Herbert, Pavel Kulha, Johannes K. Sell, et al. "Printed strain gauges embedded in organic coatings - Analysis of gauge factor and temperature dependence." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 276 (June 2018): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2018.03.042.

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22

LI, HUA-ZHONG. "WEYL'S GAUGE TRANSFORM AND QUANTUM GEOMETRIC PHASE FACTORS." Modern Physics Letters A 22, no. 07n10 (2007): 645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732307023249.

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The historical and geometrical origin of Gauge Transformation and Yang's phase loop of gauge theory are discussed. In the present talk, we present the following points: 1. Parallel transport of a vector; 2. Weyl 1918 gauge transformation 3. Concept of non-integrable phase factor; 4. Berry's quantum geometrical phase; 5. Parallel transport of quantum state vector produces the phase physics.

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23

Kok Siong, Lee, Ishak Abdul Azid, Othman Sidek, Kamarulazizi Ibrahim, and Mutharasu Devarajan. "SU‐8 piezoresistive microcantilever with high gauge factor." Micro & Nano Letters 8, no. 3 (2013): 123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/mnl.2012.0736.

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24

Thurstans, RE, AG Taylor, DP Oxley, H. Biederman, and L. Martinu. "Gauge factor measurements for fluorocarbon polymer-gold films." Vacuum 35, no. 6 (1985): 219–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-207x(85)90393-8.

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25

Langfeld, K., R. Alkofer, and P. A. Amundsen. "Pion electromagnetic form factor in Coulomb gauge QCD." Zeitschrift für Physik C Particles and Fields 42, no. 1 (1989): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01565138.

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26

Tibrewala, A., E. Peiner, R. Bandorf, S. Biehl, and H. Lüthje. "Piezoresistive gauge factor of hydrogenated amorphous carbon films." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 16, no. 6 (2006): S75—S81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/16/6/s12.

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27

Peleg, N., M. Ben-Asher, and E. Morin. "Radar subpixel-scale rainfall variability and uncertainty: lessons learned from observations of a dense rain-gauge network." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 6 (2013): 2195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2195-2013.

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Abstract. Runoff and flash flood generation are very sensitive to rainfall's spatial and temporal variability. The increasing use of radar and satellite data in hydrological applications, due to the sparse distribution of rain gauges over most catchments worldwide, requires furthering our knowledge of the uncertainties of these data. In 2011, a new super-dense network of rain gauges containing 14 stations, each with two side-by-side gauges, was installed within a 4 km2 study area near Kibbutz Galed in northern Israel. This network was established for a detailed exploration of the uncertainties

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28

Halimeh, Jad C., Haifeng Lang, and Philipp Hauke. "Gauge protection in non-abelian lattice gauge theories." New Journal of Physics 24, no. 3 (2022): 033015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac5564.

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Abstract Protection of gauge invariance in experimental realizations of lattice gauge theories based on energy-penalty schemes has recently stimulated impressive efforts both theoretically and in setups of quantum synthetic matter. A major challenge is the reliability of such schemes in non-abelian gauge theories where local conservation laws do not commute. Here, we show through exact diagonalization (ED) that non-abelian gauge invariance can be reliably controlled using gauge-protection terms that energetically stabilize the target gauge sector in Hilbert space, suppressing gauge violations

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29

Banerjee, P. K., and T. S. Alaiban. "Geometry and Dimensional Properties of Plain Loops Made of Rotor Spun Cotton Yarns." Textile Research Journal 58, no. 5 (1988): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051758805800507.

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The spirality of wale lines is shown to affect shape factor and hence fabric dimensions. Spirality is determined by yarn twist liveliness, tightness factor, and machine gauge, whereas yarn twist liveliness is governed by actual yarn twist. Full relaxation may decrease or increase spirality depending on whether the tightness factor of the parent fabric is greater or less than 14.0. To minimize spirality in the finished fabric, the cloth should be knitted on a machine with the finest possible gauge at a tightness factor value ≥ 14.0.

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BENNETT, D. L., та H. B. NIELSEN. "GAUGE COUPLINGS CALCULATED FROM MULTIPLE POINT CRITICALITY YIELD α-1 = 137 ± 9: AT LAST, THE ELUSIVE CASE OF U(1)". International Journal of Modern Physics A 14, № 21 (1999): 3313–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x9900155x.

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We calculate the U(1) continuum gauge coupling using the values of action parameters coinciding with the multiple point. This is a point in the phase diagram of a lattice gauge theory where a maximum number of phases convene. We obtain for the running inverse fine structure constant the values [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] at the Planck scale and the MZ scale, respectively. The gauge group underlying the phase diagram in which we seek multiple point parameters is what we call the Anti-grand-unified theory (AGUT) gauge group SMG 3, which is the Cartesian product of three Standard

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31

Cvetkovic, V., J. Zaanen, and Z. Nussinov. "Spin nematics revisited." Journal de Physique IV 12, no. 9 (2002): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:20020412.

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Biquadratic spin 1 Heisenberg spin systems can be constructed exhibiting spin nematic order in higher dimensions. In terms of the original spin degrees of freedom, the spontaneous nematic symmetry breaking generates a Z2 gauge invariance. Using a generalized Holstein-Primakoff transformation for the underlying U(3) dynamical algebra, we calculate the spin dynamical form factor. Although spin is not a gauge singlet, we find form factor to be finite at finite q and $$\backslash$omega$\backslash$$, contrary to our expectations regarding the presence of a energy scale protecting the gauge invarian

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32

Keller, Alex, Dominik Benz, and Marc in het Panhuis. "Strain and Pressure Gauges from Tough, Conducting and Edible Hydrogels." MRS Proceedings 1795 (2015): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2015.572.

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ABSTRACTThe development of highly conductive, robust edible hydrogels was investigated using a combination of the biopolymers gellan gum and gelatin, a common salt (NaCl) and plant-derived cross-linker (genipin). Robust strain gauge/pressure sensors were developed using edible materials to demonstrate the potential of these hydrogels. The hydrogels exhibited gauge factor and pressure sensitivity values of 7.6 ± 0.1 and 400 ± 7 μΩ/Pa for loads up to 3 kPa, respectively. Furthermore, these devices were able to operate under larger loads with gauge factor and pressure sensitivity values of 0.308

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33

Chen, Rong Fa, Dun Wen Zuo, Yu Li Sun, Duo Sheng Li, Wen Zhuang Lu, and Min Wang. "Investigation on Strain Films in the Thin Film Resistance Strain Gauge." Key Engineering Materials 375-376 (March 2008): 690–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.375-376.690.

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Strain films in the thin film resistance strain gauge are prepared by magnetron sputtering method. Some results concerning the electromechanical and structural properties of nichrome (Ni80Cr20 wt.%) thin films are presented. As compared to the well-known Ni-Cu (constantan) alloy film, which are widely used for manufacturing pressure and force sensors, nichrome (Ni80Cr20 wt.%) thin films exhibit gauge factor values of the same order of magnitude, but they are much more corrosion resistant and adherent to the substrate. The influences of composition and post-deposition annealing on the electrica

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34

Jebáček, Ivo, and Marek Horak. "POSSIBILITIES AND METHODS OF IN-FLIGHT LOADING MEASUREMENT." Aviation 16, no. 2 (2012): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16487788.2012.701860.

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This article provides information about in-flight measurement of a small sport aircraft. First strain gauges were installed in the wing structure and then calibration procedures were done. After the calculation of strain gauge coefficients, equations for calculating bending moments and other variables were established. A data acquisition system was installed in the aircraft to measure responses from strain gauges and other variables such as speed, altitude, load factor, and temperature. Many flights were performed with the aircraft equipped this way, and after that the recorded data were analy

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35

Nowicki, Michał, Piotr Gazda, Roman Szewczyk, Andriy Marusenkov, Anton Nosenko, and Vasyl Kyrylchuk. "Strain Dependence of Hysteretic Giant Magnetoimpedance Effect in Co-Based Amorphous Ribbon." Materials 12, no. 13 (2019): 2110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12132110.

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The significant strain dependence of the hysteretic Giant Magnetoimpedance (GMI) effect in a Co67Fe3Cr3B12Si15 amorphous alloy in a low magnetizing field is presented. A simplistic test stand capable of continuous measurements of GMI characteristics under the influence of strain is detailed. Based on the results, a stress-impedance (SI) sensor is proposed, with a gauge factor similar to semiconductor strain gauges but more robust. An effective method of minimizing external magnetic field influence on the SI effect is given.

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Ren, Yu Jie, and Chao Fu Zhu. "Strain Gauge Based on Graphene." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 2918–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.2918.

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In this paper, graphene grown by Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on a Cu foil in a cold-wall furnace was used to fabrication the graphene strain gauge. The graphene membrane was patterned to wire grid shape on the Cu substrate by photolithography method in the clean room. The pattern was transferred to PDMS substrate and seal by it also to make graphene in a stable surroundings. Through the standard calibration, it was calculated that the linearity and multiplicity of the graphene strain gauge both were 0.0076%F.S.. Which indicated the good quality of the gauge. The gauge factor was 2.4, as th

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37

Peleg, N., M. Ben-Asher, and E. Morin. "Radar subpixel-scale rainfall variability and uncertainty: a lesson learned from observations of a dense rain-gauge network." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 1 (2013): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-1-2013.

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Abstract. Hydrological models for runoff estimations and flash-flood predictions are very sensitive to rainfall's spatial and temporal variability. The increasing use of radar and satellite data in hydrological applications, due to the sparse distribution of rain gauges over most catchments worldwide, requires improving our knowledge of the uncertainties of these data. In 2011, a new super-dense network of rain gauges, containing 27 gauges covering an area of about 4 km2, was installed near Kibbutz Galed in northern Israel. This network was established for a detailed exploration of the uncerta

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38

Liu, Mingjie, Qi Zhang, Yiwei Shao, Chuanqi Liu, and Yulong Zhao. "Research of a Novel 3D Printed Strain Gauge Type Force Sensor." Micromachines 10, no. 1 (2018): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10010020.

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A 3D printed force sensor with a composite structure developed by combining digital light processing (DLP) based printing and inkjet printing technologies is described in this paper. The sensor has cost effectiveness and time-saving advantages compared to the traditional sensor manufacturing process. During this work, the substrate of the force sensor was printed by a DLP based 3D printer using a transparent high-temperature resin, and the strain gauge of the force sensor was inkjet printed using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT/PSS) conductive ink. Finite element

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Rosenfeld, Daniel, Eyal Amitai, and David B. Wolff. "Improved Accuracy of Radar WPMM Estimated Rainfall upon Application of Objective Classification Criteria." Journal of Applied Meteorology 34, no. 1 (1995): 212–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450-34.1.212.

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Abstract Application of the window probability matching method to radar and rain gauge data that have been objectivelyclassified into different rain types resulted in distinctly different Ze-R relationships for the various classifications.The classification parameters, in addition to the range from the radar, are (a) the horizontal radial reflectivitygradients [dB km-1; (b) the cloud depth, as scaled by the effective efficiency; (c) the brightband fraction withinthe radar field window; and (d) the height of the freezing level. Combining physical parameters to identify thetype of precipitation

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ZHAO, LI, YU-XIAO LIU, and YI-SHI DUAN. "FERMIONS IN GRAVITY AND GAUGE BACKGROUNDS ON A BRANE WORLD." Modern Physics Letters A 23, no. 15 (2008): 1129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732308025796.

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We solve the fermionic zero modes in gravity and gauge backgrounds on a brane involving a warped geometry, and study the localization of spin-1/2 fermionic field on the brane world. The result is that there exist massless spin-1/2 fermions which can be localized on the bulk with the exponentially decreasing warp factor if including U(1) gauge background. Two special cases of gauge backgrounds on the extra dimensional manifold are discussed.

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Ouerghi, I., J. Philippe, C. Ladner, P. Scheiblin, L. Duraffourg, and T. Ernst. "A NEMS-based gauge factor extraction method for nanowires." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 25, no. 11 (2015): 115003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/25/11/115003.

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Li, Jen-Chieh, Cheng-Hsi Weng, Fu-Cheng Tsai, Wen-Pin Shih, and Pei-Zen Chang. "Porous reduced graphene oxide membrane with enhanced gauge factor." Applied Physics Letters 108, no. 1 (2016): 013108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4939691.

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Park, Hyeji, Jaeseo Park, Sang-Woo Kang, and Soo-Hwan Jeong. "Nanoarchstructured MoS2-based strain sensor with exceptional gauge factor." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 380 (December 2024): 116050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2024.116050.

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Zheng, Xiaohu, Xing Chen, Ji-Kwan Kim, Dong-Weon Lee, and Xinxin Li. "Measurement of the gauge factor of few-layer graphene." Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMS 12, no. 1 (2013): 013009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jmm.12.1.013009.

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Yamamoto, Akira, Nawachi Norio, and Tsutsumoto Takahiro. "Evaluation of diamond gauge factor up to 500 °C." Diamond and Related Materials 16, no. 8 (2007): 1670–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2007.02.010.

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Jhangeer, Adil, M. Farasat Shamir, Tayyaba Naz, and Nazish Iftikhar. "Classification of Cosmic Scale Factor via Noether Gauge Symmetries." International Journal of Theoretical Physics 54, no. 7 (2014): 2343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10773-014-2456-3.

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Markumningsih, Sri, Seok-Joon Hwang, Jeong-Hun Kim, Moon-Kyeong Jang, and Ju-Seok Nam. "Stress Simulation on Four-Bar Link-Type Transplanting Device of Semiautomatic Vegetable Transplanter." Agriculture 14, no. 1 (2023): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14010042.

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The aim of this study is to analyze the stress exerted on a four-bar link-type transplanting device using two distinct methods: stress measurement performed during a field test and stress simulation. A field test is conducted to measure stress using a strain gauge positioned at 15 specific points on the transplanting device. Subsequently, the measured strain data are converted into calculated stress data. In another method, stress is simulated using specialized multibody dynamic simulation software. The simulation results are compared with the stress measured during field tests to verify the s

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Ali, Abdullah, Gumilang Deranadyan, and Iddam Hairuly Umam. "An Enhancement to The Quantitative Precipitation Estimation Using Radar-Gauge Merging." International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences (IJReSES) 17, no. 1 (2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30536/j.ijreses.2020.v17.a3316.

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Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE) is quite important information for the hydrology fields and has many advantages for many purposes. Its dense spatial and temporal resolution can be combined with the surface observation to enhance the accuracy of the estimation. This paper presents an enhancement to the QPE product from BMKG weather radar network at Surabaya by adjusting the estimation value form radar to the real data observation from rain gauge. A total of 58 rain gauge is used. The Mean Field Bias (MFB) method used to determine the correction factor through the difference between

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WU, YUE-LIANG. "CONFORMAL SCALING GAUGE SYMMETRY AND INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE." International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, no. 04 (2005): 811–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x0502080x.

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Considering the conformal scaling gauge symmetry as a fundamental symmetry of nature in the presence of gravity, a scalar field is required and used to describe the scale behavior of the universe. In order for the scalar field to be a physical field, a gauge field is necessary to be introduced. A gauge invariant potential action is constructed by adopting the scalar field and a real Wilson-like line element of the gauge field. Of particular, the conformal scaling gauge symmetry can be broken down explicitly via fixing gauge to match the Einstein–Hilbert action of gravity. As a nontrivial backg

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Siqueira, Ricardo Almeida de, Daniel Alejandro Vila, and João Maria de Sousa Afonso. "The Performance of the Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation from Blended Satellite Techniques over Brazil." Remote Sensing 13, no. 4 (2021): 734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040734.

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The knowledge of the diurnal cycle of precipitation is of extreme relevance to understanding the physical/dynamic processes associated with the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation. The main difficulty of this task is the lack of surface precipitation information over certain regions on an hourly time scale and the low spatial representativeness of these data (normally surface gauges). In order to overcome these difficulties, the main objective of this study is to create a 3-h precipitation accumulation database from the gauge-adjusted daily regional precipitation products to res

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