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1

Schrover, Marlou, Joanne van der Leun, and Chris Quispel. "Niches, Labour Market Segregation, Ethnicity and Gender." Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 33, no. 4 (2007): 529–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691830701265404.

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2

Kreimer, Margareta. "Labour Market Segregation and the Gender-Based Division of Labour." European Journal of Women's Studies 11, no. 2 (2004): 223–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350506804042097.

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3

Melsom, Anne May, and Arne Mastekaasa. "Gender, occupational gender segregation and sickness absence." Acta Sociologica 61, no. 3 (2017): 227–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001699317691583.

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Women have much higher sickness absence rates than men. One prominent hypothesis is that this is a result of gender segregation in the labour market and the differences in employment or working conditions that follow from this. Previous studies assessing this idea give mixed results, but they do not take into account the possibility of selection effects. Long-term health differences between individuals may, for instance, influence both what jobs people end up in and their levels of sickness absence. In this paper, we provide new evidence on employment and working conditions as a cause of gende
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Azwardi, Azwardi, Yunisvita Yunisvita, Sri Aindaiyani, Sukanto Sukanto, and Arika Kurniawan. "Gender Segregation in Regional Labour Market: Evidence from South Sumatra Province, Indonesia." SRIWIJAYA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS 7, no. 3 (2023): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.29259/sijdeb.v7i3.179-200.

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This study aims to examine gender segregation and type of work to measure the overall of segregation and the segregation of several population subgroups, namely education, age, wages, working hours, and area of residence. The approach that used is the measurement of segregation Multi-group that refers to (Alonso-Villar & del Río, 2010). Research finds that working women have relatively high contribution against the segregation of gender as a whole, in the case of the level of education shows female and male segregated by level of education. While it is for the subgroup (type of work) worke
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5

Harman, Jakub. "Gender Pay Gap in the Slovak Labour Market." Ekonomické rozhľady – Economic Review 52, no. 1 (2023): 29–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.53465/er.2644-7185.2023.1.29-47.

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Inequality in remuneration and specifically the gender pay gap have been the subject of research by economists for many years. This contribution focuses on the investigation of the gender pay gap in the Slovak labour market. Structure of Earnings Survey microdata for the years 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018 are used in the analysis. This paper aims to quantify the unadjusted and adjusted gender pay gap and verify the assumption that the observable characteristics are responsible for the gender pay gap rather than discrimination. The results show that the gender pay gap in the labour market persist
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Nwaoduh, Ebere Oluchi. "LABOUR MARKET INEQUALITY AND EXCLUSION AS FACTORS OF FEMINIZATION OF POVERTY IN UKRAINE." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Sociology 8 (2017): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2413-7979/8.6.

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This paper examines the nature of labour market inequality and exclusion in Ukraine and how they increase women’s chances to go into poverty. Inequality and segregation based on gender exists in all spheres of the labour market and these are caused by multiple factors which sometimes interplay to the disadvantage of the female folks in Ukraine. For this paper, Interviews were conducted with some experts in the field of gender studies and labour market relations to gather expert information. Based on the interviews, it is deduced that the existent poor economic situation in the country creates
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7

Mohamad Saad, Sarah Artiqah, and Lily Suriana Hassan. "RESOLVING GENDER EQUALITY: HOW FAMILY BACKGROUND CAN HELP TO RESOLVE GENDER EQUALITY IN THE EMPLOYMENT CONTEXT." Advanced International Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship and SMEs 5, no. 18 (2023): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/aijbes.518009.

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Occupational segregation encompasses two distinct phases: initial labour market entry, characterised as horizontal gender segregation, and subsequent ascension to upper echelons within firms, known as vertical gender segregation. Existing scholarly work has illuminated how the labour market delineates occupations into men-dominated, women-dominated, and mixed-gender spheres (Beller, 1984; Reskin & Hartmann, 1986; Rytina & Bianchi, 1984; Ruijter & Huffman, 2003; May & McGarvey, 2017; Lewandowski et al., 2020). Concurrently, vertical gender segregation, or the glass ceiling, prop
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8

Castellano, Rosalia, and Antonella Rocca. "Gender gap and labour market participation." International Journal of Manpower 35, no. 3 (2014): 345–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-07-2012-0107.

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Purpose – The measurement and comparison across countries of female conditions in labour market and gender gap in employment is a very complex task, given both its multidimensional nature and the different scenarios in terms of economic, social and cultural characteristics. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – At this aim, different information about presence and engagement of women in labour market, gender pay gap, segregation, discrimination and human capital characteristics was combined and a ranking of 26 European countries is proposed through the composite
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9

Isaza Castro, Jairo Guillermo, and Barry Reilly. "Occupational Segregation by Gender." Equidad y Desarrollo 1, no. 35 (2020): 9–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.19052/eq.vol1.iss35.1.

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This paper examines the evolution of gender segregation indexes by occupation in the urban labour markets of Colombia between 1986 and 2004 and presents a decomposition of their changes over time using a technique proposed by Deutsch et al. (2006). We find that a substantial proportion of the reduction in segregation indexes for this country is driven by changes in both, the employment structure of occupations and the increasing female labour participation observed over these years while changes in the gender composition of occupations have favoured mainly government employees and those with u
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10

Hakim, Catherine, J. Siltanen, J. Jarman, and R. M. Blackburn. "Gender Inequality in the Labour Market: Occupational Concentration and Segregation." British Journal of Sociology 47, no. 4 (1996): 734. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/591101.

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11

Campos-Soria, Juan Antonio, and Miguel Angel Ropero-García. "Gender segregation and earnings differences in the Spanish labour market." Applied Economics 48, no. 43 (2016): 4143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2016.1153789.

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12

Forsberg, G. "Occupational Sex Segregation in a ‘Woman-Friendly’ Society—The Case of Sweden." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 26, no. 8 (1994): 1235–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a261235.

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This author discusses the degree of ‘women-friendliness’ in Sweden. The focus is on the gender structure of the labour market today compared with the situation thirty years ago. To what degree has the Swedish welfare model increased opportunities for women? The author analyses both integration and segregation processes in the labour market but concentrates on different labour-market situations in order to highlight the everyday experiences of women in recruitment, in restructuring at specific workplaces, and in the workplace closure. The focus on particular situations allows for an examination
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13

Bergamaschi, Myriam. "Tackling gender segregation in an Italian provincial administration." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 6, no. 2 (2000): 242–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890000600208.

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The problem of generating a debate on the universal nature of rules to promote the principle of equity is the premise on which it is founded: in this case, action to tackle gender segregation. Segregation is caused by the quality of the labour demand, which determines women 's professional development on the internal labour market, and of the labour supply, which is influenced by cultural models and by the asymmetry of information between the genders. This article reconstructs the features of the action plan put in place to remove discrimination on access and the measures geared to facilitatin
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14

Dhar-Bhattacharjee, Sunrita, and Haifa Takruri-Rizk. "Gender Segregation and ICT." International Journal of E-Politics 2, no. 1 (2011): 45–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jep.2011010104.

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Gender segregation in science, engineering, construction, technology (SECT) is a persistent feature, both in India and the UK. Although culturally the two countries differ, under-representation of women in SECT is widespread and a cause for general apprehension, and in recent years, this has gained recognition in the study of gender, work, and family. In this paper, the authors discuss findings of a comparative study undertaken between India and Britain in the ICT sector. Using 27 interviews with ICT professionals in the two countries, the authors discuss views on ICT education, recruitment, a
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15

Yuden, Phuentsho. "Gender wage differential in the labour market of Bhutan (2009-2022)." International Journal of Publication and Social Studies 8, no. 1 (2023): 14–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.55493/5050.v8i1.4871.

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This study investigated striking gender wage differentials trend in Bhutan between 2009 and 2022. In order to decompose the gender wage differentials, we used household level micro-data of Labor Force Survey (LFS), which was conducted by then Ministry of Labor and Human Resources (MoLHR) and National Statistics Bureau (NSB). The methodology estimates the sources of gender wage differentials by segregating gender-specific factors and general wage structure factors. The explanatory variables like women’s labor market skills (education, work experience) and women’s choice into certain occupationa
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16

Kamerāde, Daiga, and Helen Richardson. "Gender segregation, underemployment and subjective well-being in the UK labour market." Human Relations 71, no. 2 (2017): 285–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726717713829.

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This article argues that gender segregation influences patterns of underemployment and the relationships that underemployment has with the subjective well-being of men and women. Previous studies have paid little attention to how gender segregation shapes underemployment, an increasingly prominent feature of the UK and European labour markets since the economic crisis of 2008. Using data from the UK Annual Population Surveys, this article examines time-related underemployment: people working part time because they cannot find a full-time job. The article asks whether there are gender differenc
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17

Dewi, Ni Nyoman Clara, Ferdian Ahya Al Putra, and Tunjung Wijanarka. "Gender Segregation in the Labour Market in the Indo-Pacific Region: A Case Study of Indonesia, Vietnam, and India." Insignia: Journal of International Relations 11, no. 1 (2024): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.ins.2024.11.1.11200.

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Abstracts Gender segregation manifests in two different ways: horizontal segregation, which reflects the disproportionate representation of women and men in specific jobs or industries, and vertical segregation, which is seen in leadership hierarchies where men dominate managerial roles. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) estimates that nearly 100 million women in Asia are degraded due to discriminatory practices. Research from the International Labour Organization (ILO) also revealed job advertisements that were gender-biased and prioritized male candidates, thus perpetuating stereotypical job
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18

Lalthapersad, P. "Occupational segregation of work and income disparities among South African women." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 5, no. 1 (2002): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v5i1.2667.

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Despite the increase in the number of women participating in the South African labour market in recent years, little progress has been made in removing wage disparities, eradicating women's marginality in the labour market, reassessing women's work or changing the traditional occupational ghettos of women. Not only does the South African labour market exhibit anomalies in respect of the gender composition of occupations, there are substantial differences by race. A good barometer of determining the extent to which men and women undertake different types of jobs, is to analyse the percentage of
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19

Yücel, Yelda. "Response to the crisis and gender segregation in Turkey’s labour market." Economic and Labour Relations Review 26, no. 2 (2015): 276–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035304615585915.

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20

Bieri, Franziska, Christian Imdorf, Rumiana Stoilova, and Pepka Boyadjieva. "The Bulgarian educational system and gender segregation in the labour market." European Societies 18, no. 2 (2016): 158–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2016.1141305.

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21

Grybaitė, Virginija. "ANALYSIS OF THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO GENDER PAY GAP." Journal of Business Economics and Management 7, no. 2 (2006): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2006.9636127.

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The number of women in the world labour force is growing. Nevertheless, in spite of women's large share in the labour force, many gender inequities in the labour market, such as gender specific jobs, pay inequities are observed. Women and men do not receive equal pay for equal work. Wage discrimination is reality. Women on average have lower incomes, lower wages and less advantageous terms of employment than men. The purpose of this article is to review main theoretical approaches to the basic economic question about the gender pay gap: why do, women, on average earn less than men. Attention h
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22

Lane, Christel. "Gender and the Labour Market in Europe: Britain, Germany and France Compared." Sociological Review 41, no. 2 (1993): 274–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1993.tb00066.x.

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This paper has two objectives: to contrast patterns of female labour market participation in three West European societies and to develop a theoretical approach which can encompass both universal features of gender divisions in the labour market and nationally specific ones. Empirically, the focus is on the different levels and forms of labour force participation over the female life cycle, particularly on any resultant employment casualization. Consideration is also given to patterns of horizontal and vertical segregation and to pay. The differences between the three countries are explained b
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23

Gonäs, Lena, Anders Wikman, Marjan Vaez, Kristina Alexanderson, and Klas Gustafsson. "Gender segregation of occupations and sustainable employment: A prospective population-based cohort study." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 47, no. 3 (2018): 348–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494818785255.

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Background: Although the labour market is characterized by a strong numerical gender segregation of occupations, there is little knowledge about the associations of this with the future labour market situation for an individual person. Objectives: This study aimed to elucidate whether working in a gender-segregated or gender-integrated occupation is associated with future labour market attachment and sickness absence or disability pensions among women and men. Methods: We used a population-based prospective cohort study with univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses stratified by ge
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24

Bradley, Harriet. "Crisis at Work: Gender, Class, and the Dehumanization of Jobs." Historical Studies in Industrial Relations 41, no. 1 (2020): 109–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/hsir.2020.41.5.

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Drawing on Huw Beynon’s paper in HSIR 40 (2019), this article surveys the position of women in the UK labour market over the last fifty years. It suggests that many of the developments Beynon describes are relevant to women’s employment, but with the added twist that women’s position in the labour market and society is structured by their responsibility within the total social organization of labour for reproductive labour. Despite increased women’s employment, gender segregation, both horizontal and vertical, is obstinately persistent, especially in working-class occupations. Two of these occ
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25

Martini, Barbara. "Examining gender and ethnic segregation in Italy’s labour market: Are women and migrants more segregated than men and natives?" Romanian Journal of Regional Science 18, no. 2 (2024): 45–60. https://doi.org/10.61225/rjrs.2024.09.

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In Italy, migration is a new phenomenon, with non-native women and men constituting roughly equal shares of the workforce. However, their employment sectors differ significantly: non-native women often work in the same sectors as native women, while non-native men are employed in distinct sectors compared to their native counterparts. This paper examines gender segregation by analysing individuals’ backgrounds—distinguishing between native and non-native workers—and the impact of contract types, specifically fixed-term versus open-ended contracts. The study aims to determine whether the preval
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Sinitsyna, Anastasia, Karin Torpan, Raul Eamets, and Tiit Tammaru. "Overlap Between Industrial Niching and Workplace Segregation: Role of Immigration Policy, Culture and Country of Origin." Social Inclusion 9, no. 2 (2021): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v9i2.3640.

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This article focuses on two dimensions of labour market integration, sorting into different industries (niching) and sorting into workplace establishments (segregation) by share of migrant workers. We seek to understand to what degree these two dimensions of immigrants’ lack of labour market integration—niching and segregation—overlap with each other. The study is based on Finnish individual, panel and relational registry data, and we focus on the three largest immigrant groups—Estonians, Russians and Swedes—who have arrived from countries with different wealth levels to the Helsinki metropoli
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Orraca, Pedro, Francisco Javier Cabrera, and Gustavo Iriarte. "The gender wage gap and occupational segregation in the Mexican labour market." econoquantum 13, no. 1 (2015): 51–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18381/eq.v13i1.4871.

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28

Mekebayeva, M., and S. Boltayeva. "Gender segregation in the labor market in Kazakhstan." Central Asian Economic Review, no. 2 (July 15, 2024): 102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52821/2789-4401-2024-2-102-115.

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The purpose of the research is to conduct a literary review of studies related to the gender division in the economy and occupational segregation in labor relations, to identify the determinants of the gender gap in the labor market and to assess the level of discrimination against women in Kazakhstan. The article reflects the main problems of the formation and development of the gender economy, including the methodology of gender segregation in the labor market. The main theoretical concepts of gender economics used in the research of foreign and modern Kazakh economists are identifi ed. Meth
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29

Grybaitė, Virginija. "Gender Equality in the Labour Market: Women and Men Wage Differentials." Business: Theory and Practice 7, no. (3) (2006): 168–73. https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2006.21.

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Earnings are the fundamental determinant of economic welfare for employed individuals, as well as of the potential gain to market employment for those not currently employed. Earnings are important as a social indicator specifically in relation to gender equality. Ten years after the Beijing conference the gender wage gap still exists in the EU labour market. This paper gives a brief review of economic theories and different approaches to explain the wage gap problem and importance of legislation to combat wage discrimination.
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30

Tonoyan, Vartuhi, Robert Strohmeyer, and Jennifer E. Jennings. "Sex-based labour market segregation and women's perceptions of entrepeneurship." Open Access Government 39, no. 1 (2023): 328–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.56367/oag-039-10764.

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Sex-based labour market segregation and women's perceptions of entrepeneurship Here Professors Tonoyan, Strohmeyer, and Jennings investigate sex-based labour market segregation and women's perceptions of entrepreneurship. As noted in a prior Open Access Government article, women tend to participate in entrepreneurial activity at lower rates than men within most countries included in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Numerous plausible reasons for this gender gap exist. A large-scale study by Professors Vartuhi Tonoyan (California State University, Fresno), Robert Strohmeyer (University of M
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31

Wahlgren, Victoria C. "Sex segregation and inequality in the modern labour market, by Jude Browne." Gender and Education 21, no. 1 (2009): 125–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540250802580919.

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32

Rodat, Simona. "The Persistence of Gender Inequalities in the Labour Market: Conceptualizations and Theoretical Approaches." Anuarul Universitatii Petre Andrei din Iasi - Fascicula: Drept, Stiinte Economice, Stiinte Politice 32 (May 11, 2025): 157–71. https://doi.org/10.63331/upalaw/32/13.

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The gendered imbalance in the division of labour has been present since the late 19th century, when women’s labour was exploited and underpaid in the wage market. Occupational and professional gender inequalities between women and men continue to persist today. This paper provides an overview of the theoretical explanations and concepts used to analyse gender inequalities in professional careers. In addition to gender stereotypes and roles, other terms that conceptualise gender inequalities in the labour market are discussed, such as ‘gender pay gap’, horizontal and vertical segregation, evalu
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33

Schmitz, Susanne, and Paul E. Gabriel. "The Impact of Changes in Local Labor Market Conditions on Estimates of Occupational Segregation." Review of Black Political Economy 21, no. 1 (1992): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02689953.

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Recent work by labor economists has suggested that differential labor market treatment of minorities (e.g., occupational segregation) may vary across local labor markets. This study assesses whether changing economic conditions in a local labor market affects the degree of occupational segregation by race and gender in the United States. Our empirical analysis finds evidence that the relative occupational structures of white women and black males are systematically related to changes in certain local labor market conditions.
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Jarman, Jennifer, Robert M. Blackburn, Bradley Brooks, and Esther Dermott. "Gender Differences at Work: International Variations in Occupational Segregation." Sociological Research Online 4, no. 1 (1999): 29–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.206.

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Despite the prominence of discussions of gender segregation in explanations of labour market inequalities, there have been relatively few cross-national studies due to a lack of suitably detailed data. A recent ILO initiative obtained suitable data for cross-national analysis of 38 countries, with a much greater number of occupational categories than has usually been available. This paper reports findings from the analysis of these data. The problems and potential of using such data are discussed and a standardisation is introduced to control for the effects of the number of occupations in the
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Nyussupova, Gulnara, Gaukhar Aidarkhanova, Laura Kenespayeva, and Roza Kelinbayeva. "Gender features of the Kazakhstan labour market in the context of sustainable development." Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 72, no. 1 (2023): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15201/hungeobull.72.1.4.

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Kazakhstan is demonstrating its commitment to promoting gender equality and working closely with the globalcommunity. Over the past decade, the gender gap in the structure of labour force of Kazakhstan has slightly decreased. However, gender gaps persist. Women in Kazakhstan make up slightly more than half of the total population of the country, but their contribution to indicators of economic activity, growth and well-being of republic is significantly below their potential. In this article, gender dynamics of Kazakhstan labour market are explored at macro and micro levels using GIS. In this
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36

Bloksgaard, Lotte. "Masculinities, Femininities and Work – The Horizontal Gender Segregation in the Danish Labour Market." Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies 1, no. 2 (2011): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.19154/njwls.v1i2.2342.

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Most job functions, tasks and professions are gendered as either ‘masculine’ or ‘feminine’. On the basis of two empirical studies of women in ‘men’s jobs’ and men in ‘women’s jobs’ the article shows how societal ideas about and relations between gender and work affect the way in which individual women and men develop their identities and hereby influence women’s and men’s work orientations and working life. Thus, the article provides a greater understanding of the gendering processes which contribute to the creation of gender segregation in the Danish labour market.
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de la O, María Eugenia, and Maria Edith Pacheco. "Globalization and gender segregation in Latin American labour markets." Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal 4, no. 1 (2019): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23802014.2019.1642137.

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38

Zhang, Yaning, and Youqun Wu. "Are Too Many Women Crowding out Men in the Job Market?" Journal of Innovation and Development 6, no. 1 (2024): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/97fq8c89.

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Occupational gender segregation refers to the imbalance of occupational distribution and the large gap in occupational development between women and men due to gender characteristics, which is an important manifestation of gender discrimination in the labor market. Based on the data of China General Social Survey, the Duncan Index and Carmel-MacLachlan index, two indices measuring gender occupational segregation, were used to perform multiple logit regression for the explained variables with multiple values. Gender occupational segregation was found. Finally, based on the existing research, th
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39

Kulak, A. G. "A Statistical Study of the Average Wages in the Republic of Belarus from a Gender-Focused Perspective." Voprosy statistiki 26, no. 7 (2019): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.34023/2313-6383-2019-26-7-33-40.

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The article presents an overview of the labour market in the Republic of Belarus, taking into account the gender factor. Indeed, the labour market of any state has a certain level of gender segregation and to reliably assess this phenomenon, first of all, it is necessary to develop a better understanding of the emerging patterns and trends in the dynamics of the core statistical indicators, and of what processes reduce or fuel gender asymmetry. The author carried out a statistical study on the wage levels of employed in the economy of the Republic of Belarus, and a comparative analysis of its
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Khan, Muhammad Zaheer, Rusmawati Said, Nur Syazwani Mazlan, and Norashidah Mohamed Nor. "Occupational Segregation and Gender Wage Gap in Pakistan: Do Occupational Classifications Matter?" Population Review 62, no. 2 (2023): 60–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/prv.2023.a909144.

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Abstract: This paper aims to quantify the relationship between occupational gender segregation and gender wage disparities in Pakistan. Non-parametric matching-based decomposition method and a detailed set of individual and labor market characteristics, especially the detailed occupations at a 3-digit level, are used to determine the gender wage gap for males and females in and out of the common support. The results show that even though the inclusion of a detailed set of human capital, labor market characteristics, and occupational segregation by gender helps in explaining most of the gender
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41

Jennings, Jennifer E., and Vartuhi Tonoyan. "The gender stereotyping of entrepreneurship." Open Access Government 41, no. 1 (2024): 276–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.56367/oag-041-10788.

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The gender stereotyping of entrepreneurship Professors Jennings and Tonoyan distill prior research and chart avenues for future research. In two prior Open Access Government articles, Dr Jennifer Jennings from the University of Alberta and Dr Vartuhi Tonoyan from California State University, Fresno, shared findings from their research (with collaborator Dr Robert Strohmeyer from the University of Mannheim) on how sex-based labour market segregation affects women’s perceptions of entrepreneurship and innovativeness as entrepreneurs. Here, they summarise key takeaways from their review of the ac
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42

Dämmrich, Johanna, and Hans-Peter Blossfeld. "Women’s disadvantage in holding supervisory positions. Variations among European countries and the role of horizontal gender segregation." Acta Sociologica 60, no. 3 (2016): 262–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001699316675022.

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Using the Labour Force Survey 2013, this paper examines gender differences in holding supervisory positions in 26 European countries and relates these differences to horizontal gender segregation, i.e. women and men working in different jobs. First, we confirm the findings of previous studies that women are still disadvantaged in holding supervisory positions in almost all countries. Second, by examining how women’s disadvantage varies when working in male-dominated, gender-mixed, and female-dominated occupations, we observe women’s lowest disadvantage in male-dominated occupations in most cou
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Piasna, Agnieszka, and Jan Drahokoupil. "Gender inequalities in the new world of work." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 23, no. 3 (2017): 313–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024258917713839.

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Digitalisation, automation and technological change have brought about shifts in the occupational structure, the place and the timing of work, and career patterns, putting a further strain on the standard employment relationship. In the recent research on digitalisation, scant attention has however been paid to the gender impact of these changes. This article addresses this gap by developing a gender perspective on digitalisation, considering how these developments interact with existing social inequalities and gender segregation patterns in the labour market. We identify two broad areas in wh
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Wright, Tessa, and Hazel Conley. "Advancing gender equality in the construction sector through public procurement: Making effective use of responsive regulation." Economic and Industrial Democracy 41, no. 4 (2018): 975–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x17745979.

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Labour market segregation continues to be a major barrier to gender equality, with the construction industry an example of a particularly male-dominated sector. Drawing on evidence from the Women into Construction project, established to increase women’s opportunities to work on the construction of London’s Olympic Park, the article argues that public procurement is a potentially powerful tool for breaking down gender segregation. This is particularly effective when new forms of responsive and reflexive legislation require private sector contractors to achieve social objectives. The authors ar
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Jain, Meenal. "WAGE GAP AND PREFERENCES: A MICRO-LEVEL ANALYSIS." International Journal of Innovations & Research Analysis 03, no. 02(III) (2023): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.62823/ijira/3.2(iii).5657.

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During the past few decades, women have entered the labour market in large numbers but there is still wide gender segregation in education, work participation, employment, and occupational pattern all over the world. The main objective of this paper is to explore all aspects and dimensions of wage discrimination and attitudes of choices responsible for this segregation. A sample survey of working population engaged in two sectors, which employ a substantial number of women (education and medical), is conducted. Findings show that women generally accumulate less human capital than men. They hav
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Lauzadyte-Tutliene, Agne, and Paulina Mikuciauskaite. "Analysis of gender wage gap in Lithuania." Economics & Sociology 15, no. 2 (2022): 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-789x.2022/15-2/11.

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This study aims to discern and quantify the personal and labour market characteristics, which are most relevant to the persistence of a gender wage gap in Lithuania. The Oaxaca-Blinder model, employed in this study, revealed the largest explained gender wage gap to be attributable to the characteristics of occupation and industry. These contribute to the gap mainly by the horizontal and vertical segregation effects, as women are more concentrated in typically ‘feminine’ jobs, which pay less. The educational attainment of women is slightly higher than that of men, and this reduces the gender wa
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Liu, Jinghong. "What Does In-Work Poverty Mean for Women: Comparing the Gender Employment Segregation in Belgium and China." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (2019): 5725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205725.

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This article presents an analysis of the female working poor in relation to gender employment segregation. It draws a cross-national profile of the female working poor in Belgium and China: two different nations with distinct stories of socio-economic development and cultural heritage, while both are characterized by high female employment participation. Analyses show that (1) women share a higher proportion among the total working poor population in both nations during recent years, whereas (2) in-work poverty has been a chronic condition, particularly among female workers in low-quality jobs
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Humphries, Jane. "The Gender Gap in Wages." Social Science History 33, no. 4 (2009): 481–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200011111.

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Explanations of the gender pay gap and related labor market segregation remain fiercely debated. On the one side are those economic historians who take a primarily neoclassical view, in which competition among workers and employers eliminates wage differences that do not reflect productivity and occupational segregation that is not the outcome of choice. Persistent discrimination must reflect anticompetitive institutions, for instance, trade unions. A corollary of the neoclassical perspective is that markets are liberating, freeing agents, including women, from cultural stereotypes and ensurin
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УСАНОВА, Людмила Анатоліївна, та Маргарита Миколаївна НЕСТЕРЕНКО. "ГЕНДЕРНІ СТЕРЕОТИПИ ТА ПРОБЛЕМИ ЛІДЕРСТВА". Філософські обрії, № 33 (16 липня 2015): 98–106. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20383.

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The article deals with the implementation of gender-marked leadership qualities is investigated. It’s also examined the causes of gender asymmetry and its mechanisms, in particular horizontal and vertical segregation of the labour market. Horizontal gender segregation reflects the established division of professions and fields with «female» / «male» that is governed by rules, restrictions, and special exceptions. The consequence is not only the difference in the activities, but also the difference in pay and socio – economic inequality. Vertical segregation
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Smyth, Emer, and Stephanie Steinmetz. "Field of Study and Gender Segregation in European Labour Markets." International Journal of Comparative Sociology 49, no. 4-5 (2008): 257–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020715208093077.

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