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Journal articles on the topic 'Grammar structures'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Chau, Hau Hing, Alison McKay, Christopher F. Earl, Amar Kumar Behera, and Alan de Pennington. "Exploiting lattice structures in shape grammar implementations." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 32, no. 2 (2018): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060417000282.

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AbstractThe ability to work with ambiguity and compute new designs based on both defined and emergent shapes are unique advantages of shape grammars. Realizing these benefits in design practice requires the implementation of general purpose shape grammar interpreters that support: (a) the detection of arbitrary subshapes in arbitrary shapes and (b) the application of shape rules that use these subshapes to create new shapes. The complexity of currently available interpreters results from their combination of shape computation (for subshape detection and the application of rules) with computati

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Gebhardt, Kilian, Mark-Jan Nederhof, and Heiko Vogler. "Hybrid Grammars for Parsing of Discontinuous Phrase Structures and Non-Projective Dependency Structures." Computational Linguistics 43, no. 3 (2017): 465–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00291.

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We explore the concept of hybrid grammars, which formalize and generalize a range of existing frameworks for dealing with discontinuous syntactic structures. Covered are both discontinuous phrase structures and non-projective dependency structures. Technically, hybrid grammars are related to synchronous grammars, where one grammar component generates linear structures and another generates hierarchical structures. By coupling lexical elements of both components together, discontinuous structures result. Several types of hybrid grammars are characterized. We also discuss grammar induction from

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Vijayakumar, Jayakrishna, Lisa Mathew, and Atulya K. Nagar. "A New Class of Graph Grammars and Modelling of Certain Biological Structures." Symmetry 15, no. 2 (2023): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15020349.

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Graph grammars can be used to model the development of diverse graph families. Since their creation in the late 1960s, graph grammars have found usage in a variety of fields, such as the design of sophisticated computer systems and electronic circuits, as well as visual languages, computer animation, and even the modelling of intricate molecular structures Replacement of edges and nodes are the two primary approaches of graph rewriting. In this paper we introduce a new type of node replacement graph grammar known as nc-eNCE graph grammar. With this new class of graph grammars we generated cert

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Parinyavottichai, Chanyaporn. "The Application of Global Grammar Theory to Locative and Directional Structures in Chinese, Thai and English." MANUSYA 12, no. 2 (2009): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-01202001.

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This paper employs the Global Grammar theory to analyze locative and directional phrases in Mandarin, Thai and English. I use translation-equivalent sentences from Mandarin, English, and Thai to illustrate the relation between the global grammar and its derived regional grammars and to show how the translation-equivalent sentences can become partly similar and partly dissimilar to each other. This paper also shows how a language teacher of Mandarin Chinese can effectively use the relation between the Global grammar and particular grammars to help students whose native language is English and T

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COPESTAKE, ANN. "Appendix: Definitions of typed feature structures." Natural Language Engineering 6, no. 1 (2000): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324900002357.

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The LinGO grammar consists of a specification of a type system and of various typed feature structures which are well-formed according to the type system. The typed feature structures function as grammar rules, lexical rules and lexical entries. There are several variant typed feature structure formalisms, with different computational properties, so in this appendix we very briefly specify the version assumed by the LinGO grammar.This appendix is necessarily terse, and is only intended to allow a reader who already has a knowledge of typed feature structures to understand the specific formalis

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Fernau, Henning, Rudolf Freund, and Markus Holzer. "The Finite Index Restriction Meets Hybrid Modes in Cooperating Distributed Grammar Systems." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 26, no. 08 (2015): 1167–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054115400171.

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We study cooperating distributed grammar systems working in hybrid modes in connection with the finite index restriction in two different ways: firstly, we investigate cooperating distributed grammar systems working in hybrid modes which characterize programmed grammars with the finite index restriction; looking at the number of components of such systems, we obtain surprisingly rich lattice structures for the inclusion relations between the corresponding language families. Secondly, we impose the finite index restriction on cooperating distributed grammar systems working in hybrid modes thems

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Baron, Nicholas, and Markus Eger. "Observer Rules for Box-Split Grammars." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment 19, no. 1 (2023): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aiide.v19i1.27515.

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Grammars are well-suited for the generation of structured content, such as text. Some specialized grammars, such as Shape Grammars, can even be used to generate 3D structures inside a game world like Minecraft. However, the top-down nature of grammars present limitations when it comes to modeling structures that should be connected to or utilize given geometry. In this paper, we describe an extension to an existing grammar model, called Box-Split Grammars, that extends it with the ability to observe existing geometry during the generation process, in order to incorporate it propertly into the

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SRINIVAS, B. "Explanation-based learning and finite state transducers: applications to parsing lexicalized tree adjoining grammars." Natural Language Engineering 2, no. 4 (1996): 367–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324997001642.

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There are currently two philosophies for building grammars and parsers: hand-crafted, wide coverage grammars; and statistically induced grammars and parsers. Aside from the methodological differences in grammar construction, the linguistic knowledge which is overt in the rules of handcrafted grammars is hidden in the statistics derived by probabilistic methods, which means that generalizations are also hidden and the full training process must be repeated for each domain. Although handcrafted wide coverage grammars are portable, they can be made more efficient when applied to limited domains,

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BASIRAT, A., H. FAILI, and J. NIVRE. "A statistical model for grammar mapping." Natural Language Engineering 22, no. 2 (2015): 215–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324915000017.

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AbstractThe two main classes of grammars are (a) hand-crafted grammars, which are developed by language experts, and (b) data-driven grammars, which are extracted from annotated corpora. This paper introduces a statistical method for mapping the elementary structures of a data-driven grammar onto the elementary structures of a hand-crafted grammar in order to combine their advantages. The idea is employed in the context of Lexicalized Tree-Adjoining Grammars (LTAG) and tested on two LTAGs of English: the hand-crafted LTAG developed in the XTAG project, and the data-driven LTAG, which is automa

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Wedekind, Jürgen. "On the Universal Generation Problem for Unification Grammars." Computational Linguistics 40, no. 3 (2014): 533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00191.

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The universal generation problem for unification grammars is the problem of determining whether a given grammar derives any terminal string with a given feature structure. It is known that the problem is decidable for LFG and PATR grammars if only acyclic feature structures are taken into consideration. In this brief note, we show that the problem is undecidable for cyclic structures. This holds even for grammars that are off-line parsable.

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Sun, Mengtao, Qiang Yang, Hao Wang, Mark Pasquine, and Ibrahim A. Hameed. "Learning the Morphological and Syntactic Grammars for Named Entity Recognition." Information 13, no. 2 (2022): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info13020049.

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In some languages, Named Entity Recognition (NER) is severely hindered by complex linguistic structures, such as inflection, that will confuse the data-driven models when perceiving the word’s actual meaning. This work tries to alleviate these problems by introducing a novel neural network based on morphological and syntactic grammars. The experiments were performed in four Nordic languages, which have many grammar rules. The model was named the NorG network (Nor: Nordic Languages, G: Grammar). In addition to learning from the text content, the NorG network also learns from the word writing fo

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Barton, Ellen L. "The Grammar of Telegraphic Structures." Journal of English Linguistics 26, no. 1 (1998): 37–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/007542429802600103.

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Buszkowski, Wojciech. "Algebraic structures in categorial grammar." Theoretical Computer Science 199, no. 1-2 (1998): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3975(97)00266-1.

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Bahlmann, Jörg, Thomas C. Gunter, and Angela D. Friederici. "Hierarchical and Linear Sequence Processing: An Electrophysiological Exploration of Two Different Grammar Types." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 18, no. 11 (2006): 1829–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2006.18.11.1829.

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The present study investigated the processing of two types of artificial grammars by means of event-related brain potentials. Two categories of meaningless CV syllables were applied in each grammar type. The two grammars differed with regard to the type of the underlying rule. The finite-state grammar (FSG) followed the rule (AB)n, thereby generating local transitions between As and Bs (e.g., n = 2, ABAB). The phrase structure grammar (PSG) followed the rule AnBn, thereby generating center-embedded structures in which the first A and the last B embed the middle elements (e.g., n = 2, [A[AB]B])

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Stern, Kimberly J. "Grammar." Victorian Literature and Culture 51, no. 3 (2023): 419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150323000049.

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Although grammar is often associated with schematic approaches to education, it was a hotly contested subject in the nineteenth century. Considering nineteenth-century grammar texts, as well as the recent turn to “grammar” as a theoretical lens in nineteenth-century studies, this keywords entry proposes that grammar, far from reflecting fixed and incontrovertible precepts, serves as a powerful tool for querying and renegotiating disciplinary structures.

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Fandiño-Mesa, Cristian Alejandro, Marco Javier Suárez-Barón, and César Augusto Jaramillo-Acevedo. "Application of Regular Grammar in the Syntactic Analysis of Email Addresses." Ingeniería 28, no. 3 (2023): e20626. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/23448393.20626.

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Context: This article proposes the use of regular grammar as a strategy to validate the textual structures of emails. It focuses on the RFC 5321 standard and its syntax, formalizing regular grammars to apply production rules with the aim of validating the syntactic context of each structure of an email address. Method: This article presents a literature review and the development of an email validation model. Related texts focus on the Internet Protocol, along with building automata that apply IPV4 protocol. There are three phases: the development of the model from syntax and regular grammar r

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Paraskevas, Cornelia. "Grammar Apprenticeship." English Journal 95, no. 5 (2006): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/ej20064985.

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Cornelia Paraskevas builds students’ grammar knowledge through analysis of grammatical structures in touchstone texts. Students create style sheets to evaluate these “mentor” texts and learn the powerful effects writers create by varying sentence length and construction.

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Whiting, Mark E., Jonathan Cagan, and Philip LeDuc. "Efficient probabilistic grammar induction for design." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 32, no. 2 (2018): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060417000464.

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AbstractThe use of grammars in design and analysis has been set back by the lack of automated ways to induce them from arbitrarily structured datasets. Machine translation methods provide a construct for inducing grammars from coded data which have been extended to be used for design through pre-coded design data. This work introduces a four-step process for inducing grammars from un-coded structured datasets which can constitute a wide variety of data types, including many used in the design. The method includes: (1) extracting objects from the data, (2) forming structures from objects, (3) e

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Goldrick, Matthew, and Robert Daland. "Linking speech errors and phonological grammars: insights from Harmonic Grammar networks." Phonology 26, no. 1 (2009): 147–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675709001742.

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AbstractPhonological grammars characterise distinctions between relatively well-formed (unmarked) and relatively ill-formed (marked) phonological structures. We review evidence that markedness influences speech-error probabilities. Specifically, although errors result in unmarked as well as marked structures, there is a markedness asymmetry: errors are more likely to produce unmarked outcomes. We show that stochastic disruption to the computational mechanisms realising a Harmonic Grammar (HG) can account for the broad empirical patterns of speech errors. We demonstrate that our proposal can ac

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Meir, Irit, Carol Padden, Mark Aronoff, and Wendy Sandler. "Competing iconicities in the structure of languages." Cognitive Linguistics 24, no. 2 (2013): 309–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2013-0010.

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AbstractThe paper examines the role that iconicity plays in the structuring of grammars. Two main points are argued for: (a) Grammar does not necessarily suppress iconicity; rather, iconicity and grammar can enjoy a congenial relation in that iconicity can play an active role in the structuring of grammars. (b) Iconicity is not monolithic. There are different types of iconicity and languages take advantage of the possibilities afforded by them. We examine the interaction between iconicity and grammar by focusing on the ways in which sign languages employ the physical body of the signer as a ri

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Abendan, Jovel Bea, Jamillah Aprille Briones, Jamie Carylle Tecson, and Mae Monteza PhD Ana. "Grammatical Competence of UM Digos College English Language Learners." International Journal of Innovative Research in Multidisciplinary Education 03, no. 04 (2024): 621–31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11064373.

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The primary objective of teaching grammar is to equip students with an understanding of the structural aspects of language, enabling them to effectively comprehend, communicate, and articulate themselves through listening, speaking, reading, and writing. This study aims to determine the impact on grammatical proficiency by scrutinizing the different parts of grammar, such as nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections, in the essays submitted by 39 third-year BSED English students at UMDC. Moreover, the tool employed is the Grammarly application,

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Poletiek, Fenna. "What in the World Makes Recursion so Easy to Learn? A Statistical Account of the Staged Input Effect on Learning a Center-Embedded Structure in Artificial Grammar Learning (AGL)." Biolinguistics 5, no. 1-2 (2011): 036–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/bioling.8827.

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In an artificial grammar learning study, Lai & Poletiek (2011) found that human participants could learn a center-embedded recursive grammar only if the input during training was presented in a staged fashion. Previous studies on artificial grammar learning, with randomly ordered input, failed to demonstrate learning of such a center-embedded structure. In the account proposed here, the staged input effect is explained by a fine-tuned match between the statistical characteristics of the incrementally organized input and the development of human cognitive learning over time, from low level,

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MIYAO, YUSUKE, TAKAKI MAKINO, KENTARO TORISAWA, and JUN-ICHI TSUJII. "The LiLFeS Abstract Machine and its evaluation with the LinGO grammar." Natural Language Engineering 6, no. 1 (2000): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324900002400.

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This article evaluates the efficiency of the LiLFeS abstract machine by performing parsing tasks with the LinGO English resource grammar. The instruction set of the abstract machine is optimized for efficient processing of definite clause programs and typed feature structures. LiLFeS also supports various tools required for efficient parsing (e.g. efficient copying, a built-in CFG parser) and the constructions of standard Prolog (e.g. cut, assertions, negation as failure). Several parsers and large-scale grammars, including the LinGO grammar, have been implemented in or ported to LiLFeS. Preci

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Jowers, Iestyn, Chris Earl, and George Stiny. "Shapes, structures and shape grammar implementation." Computer-Aided Design 111 (June 2019): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2019.02.001.

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von Mammen, Sebastian, Thomas Wißmeier, Joyce Wong, and Christian Jacob. "Artistic Exploration of the Worlds of Digital Developmental Swarms." Leonardo 44, no. 1 (2011): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_00087.

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This paper presents artwork that was inspired by a computational model called Swarm Grammars. In this work, the “liveliness” of swarms is combined with the generative capabilities of more established developmental representations. Three of the authors followed their individual artistic approaches to explore the creativity and dynamics of Swarm Grammar structures. One chose to breed structures interactively to compose virtual spaces. The second explores the movement and construction dynamics of interactive swarms. The third artist translated developmental processes of Swarm Grammars into intera

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Wintner, Shuly, and Anoop Sarkar. "A Note on Typing Feature Structures." Computational Linguistics 28, no. 3 (2002): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089120102760276027.

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Feature structures are used to convey linguistic information in a variety of linguistic formalisms. Various definitions of feature structures exist; one dimension of variation is typing: unlike untyped feature structures, typed ones associate a type with every structure and impose appropriateness constraints on the occurrences of features and on the values that they take. This work demonstrates the benefits that typing can carry even for linguistic formalisms that use untyped feature structures. We present a method for validating the consistency of (untyped) feature structure specifications by

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SRIDHARAN, PRASANNA, and MATTHEW I. CAMPBELL. "A study on the grammatical construction of function structures." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 19, no. 3 (2005): 139–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060405050110.

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Function structures are used during conceptual engineering design to transform the customer requirements into specific functional tasks. Although they are usually constructed from a well-understood black-box description of an artifact, there is no clear approach or formal set of rules that guide the creation of function structures. To remedy the unclear formation of such structures and to provide the potential for automated reasoning of such structures, a graph grammar is developed and implemented. The grammar can be used by a designer to explore various solutions to a conceptual design proble

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Wutte, Anja, and José Pinto Duarte. "Shape Grammar as a Typology Defining Tool for Ancient Egyptian Funerary Monuments." Nexus Network Journal 23, no. 2 (2021): 319–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00004-020-00543-8.

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AbstractThis paper proposes a parametric shape grammar for ancient Egyptian funerary monuments. The corpus of monuments includes ten rock-cut structures, duly documented. They exhibit different grades of completion and preservation and possess variant archaeological documentation. The generation of a design following the proposed grammar depends both on formal and functional aspects. Metadata indicates the evidential value and numerical occurrence of rules in the generation of designs. The developed grammar can be used to reconstruct unfinished tombs, extend an existing one, or generate new de

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Lin, Yu-Leng. "Are Human Learners Capable of Learning Arbitrary Language Structures." Brain Sciences 13, no. 2 (2023): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020181.

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The artificial grammar learning paradigm is a classic method of investigating the influence of universal constraints on shaping learning biases on language acquisition. While this method has been used extensively by linguists to test theoretical claims in generative grammar, one of the most prevalent frameworks in language acquisition, several studies have questioned whether artificial grammar learning reflects language acquisition enough to allow us to use it to draw inferences about the validity of universal constraints, particularly those arising from phonetic naturalness. The current study

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Mashiane, Mmetlane Valery, and Lucia Junia Ngoepe. "A qualitative exploration of the management of grammar structures by English language curriculum advisors in concert with FET educators." Journal for Language Teaching 55, no. 2 (2022): 169–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jlt.v55i2.7.

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The aim of this paper is to explore the management of grammatical structures by the Limpopo Province (LP) English First Additional Language (EFAL) Curriculum Advisors (CAs) in the Further Education and Training (FET) phase. The majority of English language learners’ language proficiency and accuracy are not at an acceptable level and this brings into close scrutiny the quality of teaching and learning that takes place in English language classrooms, and in particular, the effectiveness of teaching grammar structures in EFAL. The research design is exploratory and the approach is qualitative. A

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Yang, Gijoo, Kathleen F. McCoy, and K. Vijay-Shanker. "From functional specification to syntactic structures: systemic grammar and tree adjoining grammar." Computational Intelligence 7, no. 4 (1991): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1991.tb00395.x.

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Zwartjes, Otto. "The description of the indigenous languages of Portuguese America by the jesuits during the colonial period: The impact of the latin grammar of Manuel Álvares." Historiographia Linguistica International Journal for the History of the Language Sciences 29, no. 1-2 (2002): 19–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.29.1-2.06zwa.

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SUMMARY The paper explores three grammars of two indigenous languages of Brazil written in Portuguese during the colonial period: two grammars of the Tupi language composed by José Anchieta (1534–1597) in 1595 and Luís Figueira (1575–1643) in 1621 (2nd ed., 1687), and one grammar of the Kiriri language, written by Luis Vincêncio Mamiani (1652–1730) in 1699. Although most studies agree that these grammars were based on a Latin framework, they usually do not specify which grammar in particular served as a model. It is known, however, that the Latin grammar by Manuel Álvares (1526–1582), first pu

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Kuntso, Oksana. "Applying pragmatic approach in EFL grammar instruction." InterConf, no. 45(201) (May 20, 2024): 186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.51582/interconf.19-20.05.2024.017.

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The traditional linear approach to teaching grammar is insufficient for real-life communication where context plays a crucial role. Communicative grammar integrates language structures into the four skills of language, emphasising the importance of context and pragmatic usage. This enables learners to use and understand a structure in various situations spontaneously. The communicative approach to teaching grammar helps students express their ideas beyond just linguistic structures. This paper conducts a comprehensive literature review on the topic of communicative grammar in foreign language

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Höder, Steffen. "Phonological elements and Diasystematic Construction Grammar." Reflections on Constructions across Grammars 6, no. 2 (2014): 202–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cf.6.2.04hod.

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Usage-based CxG approaches share the central assumption that any grammar has to be acquired and organised through input-based abstraction and categorisation. Diasystematic Construction Grammar (DCxG) is based on the idea that these processes are not sensitive to language boundaries. Multilingual input thus results in multilingual grammars which are conceived of as constructicons containing language-specific as well as language-unspecific constructions. Within such systems, phonological structures play an important part in the identification of schematic constructions. However, the status of ph

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Gibbon, Dafydd, and Sascha Griffiths. "Multilinear Grammar: Ranks and Interpretations." Open Linguistics 3, no. 1 (2017): 265–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2017-0014.

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Abstract Multilinear Grammar provides a framework for integrating the many different syntagmatic structures of language into a coherent semiotically based Rank Interpretation Architecture, with default linear grammars at each rank. The architecture defines a Sui Generis Condition on ranks, from discourse through utterance and phrasal structures to the word, with its sub-ranks of morphology and phonology. Each rank has unique structures and its own semantic-pragmatic and prosodic-phonetic interpretation models. Default computational models for each rank are proposed, based on a Procedural Plaus

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P, Megala, and Jayasree G. "Thokaapiyam and Nambiaga Porul in a Comparative Theoretical Approach." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-18 (2022): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1819.

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Ancient Tamil language is rich in grammar. Grammar is obtained from literature as oil is obtained from sesame seeds. There are about fifty grammar books in Tamil. These are the five types of grammars such as letter, word, object, word, and group. The five types of grammars are related to each other, such as the word formed by letters, the pattern used to express the meaning of the word, and the pattern used for the method of speaking. Among these, the things that come to represent the meaning of writing, and the things that come to represent the meaning of words, are the one that excels. This

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Noden, Harry. "Image Grammar: Painting Images with Grammatical Structures." Voices from the Middle 8, no. 3 (2001): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/vm20012335.

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Argues that writers view grammar as a method of image construction. Describes image painting techniques from four grammatical perspectives: images of style, form, content, and convention. Describes how to teach these to eighth graders, offering numerous examples of class writing activities that use images as a doorway into the writer’s art and engage students in the imaginative world of grammar.

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Ho, Tran Ngoc Anh. "DESIGNING SCALE TO EVALUATE THE VIETNAMESE GRAMMAR COMPENTENCE FOR ETHNIC MINORITY STUDENTS." UED Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities and Education 10, Special (2020): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47393/jshe.v10ispecial.846.

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This article presents the concept of Vietnamese grammar competence and the process of designing the Vietnamese grammar compentence scale for ethnic minority students. Determining a grammar competence benchmark will help teachers to better communicate their knowledge to students and develop appropriate teaching strategies to develop learner competencies. Based on the actual situation of teaching Vietnamese as a second language, the standard for evaluating Vietnamese grammar competence is specifically described into 6 levels. Grammar competence is made up of 3 components: the ability to identify

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Kolesov, I. Yu. "RECURRENT ENGLISH STRUCTURES VIEWED AS GRAMMAR CONSTRUCTIONS." Voprosy Kognitivnoy Lingvistiki, no. 1 (2023): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.20916/1812-3228-2023-1-99-112.

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The article is focused on English grammatical constructions considered within the framework of cognitive-discourse analysis and viewed along the perspectives of Construction Grammar theory. The analysis is directed upon recurrent structures in English, i.e. structures that are regularly produced and therefore functionally significant for the English language, considered as idiomatic unity of form and meaning, and, as a rule, having propositional content. The study of the constructional features of language units is supplemented by mental schematization of their content based on the idea that t

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Borge, Steffen. "Critical Notice Defending the Martian Argument." Disputatio 1, no. 20 (2006): 336–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/disp-2006-0003.

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Abstract The Chomskian holds that the grammars that linguists produce are about human psycholinguistic structures, i.e. our mastery of a grammar, our linguistic competence. But if we encountered Martians whose psycho-linguistic processes differed from ours, but who nevertheless produced sentences that are extensionally equivalent to the set of sentences in our English and shared our judgements on the grammaticality of various English sentences, then we would count them as being competent in English. A grammar of English is about what the Martians and we share. In this note, I argue that a rece

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Nuralima, Rizka, Nihla Afdaliah, and Uswatunnisa Uswatunnisa. "AN ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDENTS' DIFFICULTIES AND PREFERENCES IN LEARNING GRAMMAR (A STUDY AT STAIN MAJENE)." International Journal of Research on English Teaching and Applied Linguistics 6, no. 1 (2025): 38–49. https://doi.org/10.30863/ijretal.v6i1.9024.

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This research examines the difficulties and learning preferences of English Education students at STAIN Majene in mastering grammar. Despite its significance for effective communication, Indonesian students face difficulties due to differences between Indonesian and English structures. Using a mixed-method approach, the research includes semi-structured interviews with 15 students from the 2021-2023 cohorts and a questionnaire distributed to all 70 students. Findings indicate that students struggle with environmental factors (lack of practice, limited class time), psychological factors (fear o

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Fernández Martínez, Dolores. "Authority in Lowth’S and Priestley’S Prefaces to Their English Grammars." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 47, no. 4 (2012): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10121-012-0013-9.

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Abstract The eighteenth century was a crucial period in the process of codification of the English language and in the history of English grammar writing (Tieken-Boon van Ostade 2008b). The need for grammars to provide linguistic guidance to the upper social classes, and to those who aspired to belong to them, led to an important increase in the output of English grammars. Since most of the grammar writers were clearly in competition with one another for a share of the market, they turned the prefaces to their grammars into highly persuasive instruments that tried to justify the need for that

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Wang, Ziqi, Haotian Zhang, and Anoop Sarkar. "A Python-based Interface for Wide Coverage Lexicalized Tree-adjoining Grammars." Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics 103, no. 1 (2015): 139–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pralin-2015-0008.

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Abstract This paper describes the design and implementation of a Python-based interface for wide coverage Lexicalized Tree-adjoining Grammars. The grammars are part of the XTAG Grammar project at the University of Pennsylvania, which were hand-written and semi-automatically curated to parse real-world corpora. We provide an interface to the wide coverage English and Korean XTAG grammars. Each XTAG grammar is lexicalized, which means at least one word selects a tree fragment (called an elementary tree or etree). Derivations for sentences are built by combining etrees using substitution (replace

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Partee, Barbara H. "Adverbial Quantification and Event Structures." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 17, no. 1 (1991): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v17i0.1608.

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Drake, Shiloh, Isabel Preligera, and Melissa M. Baese-Berk. "Examining the effectiveness of multi-talker training on morphophonological learning." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (2022): A173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015929.

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This study explores how auditory stimuli from multiple talkers affects learning of morphophonological alternations in an artificial grammar. Hearing words from multiple voices creates more robust lexical representations (e.g., Davis & Gerken, 2013, 2014; Rost & McMurray, 2009, 2010) and aids generalization to new grammatical structures (Gonzales et al., 2018) and accents (Baese-Berk et al., 2013; Bradlow & Bent, 2008). In ongoing work, participants hear either four different voices or four repetitions from the same voice when learning singular and plural forms in two artificial gra

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Kparou, Hanoukoume Cyril. "Gender Representation in the Lexical Functional Grammar." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis 04, no. 10 (2021): 1422–25. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v4-i10-12.

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Gender marking is a language universal, although some languages have a stronger Gender-marking grammar. The Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG), a linguistic theory, has a set of rules and levels to render for Gender marking. Bornee and developed within the larger framework of the Generative Grammar, the Lexical Functional Grammar has become a standalone autonomous theoretical theory. This paper draws data from French language to present a comprehensive development of Gender-marking analysis within the Lexical Functional Grammar Framework. Fundamentally, the LSG posits for four phrase structures,

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Peterson, David. "Homophobic grammar." Journal of Language and Sexuality 5, no. 1 (2016): 61–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jls.5.1.03pet.

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This study analyzes a historical example of how participants in military policy formation within the US Senate harnessed lexicogrammatical resources to legitimate queer exclusion from military service. Intended as a conceptual rather than definitive study, I analyze text taken from a US Senate hearing related to the implementation of ‘Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell’ (repealed in 2011). The investigation focuses on how transitivity and phoricity are drawn on to produce homophobic formations. My findings indicate that the text exhibits a process of lexicogrammatical selection that enables homophobic form

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Azaryad Shechter, Deborah. "Overcoming the Grammar Barrier in Foreign Language Learning: The Role of Television Series." Journal of Language and Education 4, no. 2 (2018): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2411-7390-2018-4-2-92-104.

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Mastering the grammar of a foreign language requires learning the rules as well as the contexts within which the structures are used. Formal grammar instruction should therefore be augmented by exposing learners to authentic language. According to the literature, watching television series in the target language improves listening comprehension and enhances vocabulary acquisition. No study to date, however, has investigated the recursive use of one series, in the classroom and over an entire course, to explicitly teach grammar. Presenting apt pedagogical arguments substantiated by the literatu

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Mithun, Marianne. "Grammar, Contact and Time." Journal of Language Contact 1, no. 1 (2007): 144–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000000007792548378.

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AbstractA continuing issue in work on language contact has been determining the relative borrowability of various structural features. It is easy to imagine, for example, how a tendency to use particular word order patterns in one language might be replicated by bilinguals in another, but difficult to understand how abstract morphological structures could be transferred. When we look at linguistic areas, however, we often find grammatical features shared by genetically unrelated languages that seem unborrowable. Here we consider the importance of adding the dimension of time to investigations

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Pawlak, Mirosław. "Nauczanie gramatyki języka obcego a podejście zadaniowe." Neofilolog, no. 57/1 (September 28, 2021): 79–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/n.2021.57.1.6.

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While there is a consensus that teaching grammar is now indispensable in most educational contexts, there still exist numerous controversies as to how this should most beneficially be done. They concern, among others, such issues as the choice of instructional options to be used in order to introduce and practice grammar structures or to provide corrective feedback on errors made in the use of such structures (cf. Loewen, 2020; Nassaji, 2017; Pawlak, 2014, 2020a). On a more general level, a question arises as to the optimal way of organizing the material to be taught, with consequences for the

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