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Journal articles on the topic '(H1N1) 2009 virus'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

DE DONNO, A., A. IDOLO, M. QUATTROCCHI, et al. "Surveillance of human influenza A(H3N2) virus from 1999 to 2009 in southern Italy." Epidemiology and Infection 142, no. 5 (2013): 933–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026881300201x.

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SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of influenza virus co-infections in humans and changes in the genetic variability of A(H3N2) virus strains in southern Italy from 1999 to 2009. A partial sequence of the haemagglutinin (HA) gene by human influenza H3N2 strains identified in oropharyngeal swabs from patients with influenza-like illness was analysed by DNA sequencing and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. During the seasons 1999–2000, 2002–2003, 2004–2005 and 2008–2009, the influenza viruses circulating belonged to subtype H3N2. However, A(H1N1) subtype virus and B ty

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N, K. Mishra* J. R. Panda Santanu Kumar Hotta. "SWINE FLU (2009 H1N1 INFLUENZA) AND IT'S MONOVALENT VACCINATION." Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 04, no. 11 (2017): 4451–54. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1066275.

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Swine flu (2009 H1N1) is a mutational modified strain of the influenza virus. Many countries have been affected with this virus globally and it has been declared a pandemic influenza strain. 2009 H1N1 virus is a communicable disease which spreads from person to person through coughing, sneezing, nasal secretion and handling of objects which is contaminated with the virus. It is an ideal way to prevent swine flu by taking of early vaccination. Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Monovalent vaccine is an inactivated influenza virus indicated for active immunization of persons age 6months and older against i

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Li, Hailing, Haoyu Leng, Siqi Tang, et al. "Prevalence, Genetics and Evolutionary Properties of Eurasian Avian-like H1N1 Swine Influenza Viruses in Liaoning." Viruses 14, no. 3 (2022): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14030643.

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Swine influenza virus (SIV) is an important zoonosis pathogen. The 2009 pandemic of H1N1 influenza A virus (2009/H1N1) highlighted the importance of the role of pigs as intermediate hosts. Liaoning province, located in northeastern China, has become one of the largest pig-farming areas since 2016. However, the epidemiology and evolutionary properties of SIVs in Liaoning are largely unknown. We performed systematic epidemiological and genetic dynamics surveillance of SIVs in Liaoning province during 2020. In total, 33,195 pig nasal swabs were collected, with an SIV detection rate of 2%. Our ana

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4

Prowse, Stephen J., and John S. MacKenzie. "2009 human H1N1 influenza (swine flu)." Microbiology Australia 30, no. 4 (2009): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma09127.

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The 2009 H1N1 influenza, initially known as swine flu, originated in North America in early 2009. This new strain of influenza A virus (H1N1) came to the attention of the international public health community when several foci of influenza-like illness were identified in Mexico, which had more than 850 cases of pneumonia, of whom 59 had died. Mild cases of influenza-like illness were also reported from Texas and California. Virus isolates were obtained from the cases in California and from samples of cases sent from Mexico to the Canadian National Public Health Laboratory in Winnipeg. Molecula

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5

Li, Zhu-Nan, Seh-Ching Lin, Paul J. Carney, et al. "IgM, IgG, and IgA Antibody Responses to Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Hemagglutinin in Infected Persons during the First Wave of the 2009 Pandemic in the United States." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 21, no. 8 (2014): 1054–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00129-14.

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ABSTRACTThe novel influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus caused an influenza pandemic in 2009. IgM, IgG, and IgA antibody responses to A(H1N1)pdm09 hemagglutinin (HA) following A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection were analyzed to understand antibody isotype responses. Age-matched control sera collected from U.S. residents in 2007 and 2008 were used to establish baseline levels of cross-reactive antibodies. IgM responses often used as indicators of primary virus infection were mainly detected in young patient groups (≤5 years and 6 to 15 years old), not in older age groups, despite the genetic and antigenic dif

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O'Donnell, Christopher D., Amber Wright, Leatrice Vogel, Kobporn Boonnak, John J. Treanor, and Kanta Subbarao. "Humans and Ferrets with Prior H1N1 Influenza Virus Infections Do Not Exhibit Evidence of Original Antigenic Sin after Infection or Vaccination with the 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 21, no. 5 (2014): 737–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00790-13.

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ABSTRACTThe hypothesis of original antigenic sin (OAS) states that the imprint established by an individual's first influenza virus infection governs the antibody response thereafter. Subsequent influenza virus infection results in an antibody response against the original infecting virus and an impaired immune response against the newer influenza virus. The purpose of our study was to seek evidence of OAS after infection or vaccination with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 (2009 pH1N1) virus in ferrets and humans previously infected with H1N1 viruses with various antigenic distances from the 2009 pH1N1

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Ganzenmueller, Tina, Jeanette Kluba, Birgit Hilfrich, et al. "Comparison of the performance of direct fluorescent antibody staining, a point-of-care rapid antigen test and virus isolation with that of RT-PCR for the detection of novel 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus in respiratory specimens." Journal of Medical Microbiology 59, no. 6 (2010): 713–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.017244-0.

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Although infections with the novel pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus (A/H1N1/2009) appeared to be relatively mild during the first summer of circulation (‘off season’), there has been significant morbidity and hospitalization and several fatal cases. Thus, rapid detection of A/H1N1/2009 is crucial for efficient treatment and infection control measures. In contrast to seasonal influenza, where point-of-care (POC) rapid antigen tests and direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) staining ensure rapid detection, diagnosis of A/H1N1/2009 has so far been based on RT-PCR. This study retrospectively com

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Saxena, Shailendra K., Niraj Mishra, Rakhi Saxena, et al. "Structural and antigenic variance between novel influenza A/H1N1/2009 and influenza A/H1N1/2008 viruses." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 4, no. 01 (2009): 001–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.546.

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Background: The emergence of influenza A/H1N1/2009 is alarming. The severity of previous epidemics suggests that the susceptibility of the human population to H1N1 is directly proportional to the degree of changes in hemagglutinin/HA and neuraminidase/NA; therefore, H1N1/2009 and H1N1/2008 were analyzed for their sequence as well as structural divergence. Methodology: The structural and sequence divergence of H1N1/2009 and H1N1/2008 strains were analyzed by aligning HA and NA amino acid sequences by using ClustalW and ESyPred3D software. To determine the variations in sites of viral attachment

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Belser, Jessica A., Debra A. Wadford, Claudia Pappas, et al. "Pathogenesis of Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) and Triple-Reassortant Swine Influenza A (H1) Viruses in Mice." Journal of Virology 84, no. 9 (2010): 4194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02742-09.

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ABSTRACT The pandemic H1N1 virus of 2009 (2009 H1N1) continues to cause illness worldwide, primarily in younger age groups. To better understand the pathogenesis of these viruses in mammals, we used a mouse model to evaluate the relative virulence of selected 2009 H1N1 viruses and compared them to a representative human triple-reassortant swine influenza virus that has circulated in pigs in the United States for over a decade preceding the current pandemic. Additional comparisons were made with the reconstructed 1918 virus, a 1976 H1N1 swine influenza virus, and a highly pathogenic H5N1 virus.

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Starick, Elke, Elke Lange, Sasan Fereidouni, et al. "Reassorted pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza A virus discovered from pigs in Germany." Journal of General Virology 92, no. 5 (2011): 1184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.028662-0.

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A natural reassortant influenza A virus consisting of seven genome segments from pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus and a neuraminidase segment from a Eurasian porcine H1N1 influenza A virus was detected in a pig herd in Germany. The obvious reassortment compatibility between the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and H1N1 viruses of porcine origin raises concern as to whether swine may become a reservoir for further reassortants of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 viruses with unknown implications for human health and swine production.

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11

Onischenko, G. G., A. P. Agafonov, O. K. Demina, et al. "Properties of Pandemic Influenza Virus Strains Isolated in the Territory of Russia." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 3(101) (June 20, 2009): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2009-3(101)-5-9.

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The first cases of the disease caused by pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus in the territory of the Russian Federation were registered at the end of May, 2009. 3 strains of pandemic (H1N1)2009 influenza virus were isolated from patients. Properties of the strains isolated in the territory of Russia were studied in comparison with those of two reference strains A/California/04/2009(H1N1) and A/California/07/2009(H1N1)v. Analysis of primary gene sequence and examination of biological properties of the strains isolated in the territory of Russia suggested their close relationship with A/Califor

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Carter, Donald M., Chalise E. Bloom, Eduardo J. M. Nascimento, et al. "Sequential Seasonal H1N1 Influenza Virus Infections Protect Ferrets against Novel 2009 H1N1 Influenza Virus." Journal of Virology 87, no. 3 (2012): 1400–1410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02257-12.

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ABSTRACTIndividuals <60 years of age had the lowest incidence of infection, with ∼25% of these people having preexisting, cross-reactive antibodies to novel 2009 H1N1 influenza. Many people >60 years old also had preexisting antibodies to novel H1N1. These observations are puzzling because the seasonal H1N1 viruses circulating during the last 60 years were not antigenically similar to novel H1N1. We therefore hypothesized that a sequence of exposures to antigenically different seasonal H1N1 viruses can elicit an antibody response that protects against novel 2009 H1N1. Ferrets were preinf

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13

Choi, Yoon Seok, Yun Hee Baek, Wonseok Kang, et al. "Reduced Antibody Responses to the Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Vaccine after Recent Seasonal Influenza Vaccination." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 18, no. 9 (2011): 1519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.05053-11.

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ABSTRACTThe vaccination program against the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus (2009 H1N1) provided a unique opportunity to determine if immune responses to the 2009 H1N1 vaccine were affected by a recent, prior vaccination against seasonal influenza virus. In the present study, we studied the immune responses to the 2009 H1N1 vaccine in subjects who either received the seasonal influenza virus vaccination within the prior 3 months or did not. Following 2009 H1N1 vaccination, subjects previously given a seasonal influenza virus vaccination exhibited significantly lower antibody responses, as d

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14

Ma, Jingjiao, Huigang Shen, Qinfang Liu, et al. "Pathogenicity and Transmissibility of Novel Reassortant H3N2 Influenza Viruses with 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Genes in Pigs." Journal of Virology 89, no. 5 (2014): 2831–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.03355-14.

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ABSTRACTAt least 10 different genotypes of novel reassortant H3N2 influenza viruses with 2009 pandemic H1N1 [A(H1N1)pdm09] gene(s) have been identified in U.S. pigs, including the H3N2 variant with a single A(H1N1)pdm09 M gene, which has infected more than 300 people. To date, only three genotypes of these viruses have been evaluated in animal models, and the pathogenicity and transmissibility of the other seven genotype viruses remain unknown. Here, we show that three H3N2 reassortant viruses that contain 3 (NP, M, and NS) or 5 (PA, PB2, NP, M, and NS) genes from A(H1N1)pdm09 were pathogenic

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Nukui, Yoko, Shuji Hatakeyama, Takatoshi Kitazawa, Tamami Mahira, Yoshizumi Shintani, and Kyoji Moriya. "Pandemic 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Virus among Japanese Healthcare Workers: Seroprevalence and Risk Factors." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 33, no. 1 (2012): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/663208.

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Objective.To evaluate the seroprevalence and risk factors for 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus infection among healthcare personnel.Design.Observational cross-sectional study.Patients and Setting.Healthcare workers (HCWs) in an acute care hospital.Methods.Between September 14 and October 4, 2009, before 2009 H1N1 vaccination, we collected serological samples from 461 healthy HCWs. Hemagglutination-inhibition antibody assays were conducted. To evaluate the risk factors of seropositivity for 2009 H1N1 virus, gender, age, profession, work department, usage of personal protective equipment, and seaso

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Sage, Leo K., Julie M. Fox, Stephen M. Tompkins, and Ralph A. Tripp. "Subsisting H1N1 influenza memory responses are insufficient to protect from pandemic H1N1 influenza challenge in C57BL/6 mice." Journal of General Virology 94, no. 8 (2013): 1701–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.049494-0.

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The 2009 swine-origin pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) influenza virus transmitted and caused disease in many individuals immune to pre-2009 H1N1 influenza virus. Whilst extensive studies on antibody-mediated pH1N1 cross-reactivity have been described, few studies have focused on influenza-specific memory T-cells. To address this, the immune response in pre-2009 H1N1 influenza-immune mice was evaluated after pH1N1 challenge and disease pathogenesis was determined. The results show that despite homology shared between pre-2009 H1N1 and pH1N1 strains, the effector memory T-cell response to pre-2009 H1N1 wa

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Poon, Leo L. M., Polly W. Y. Mak, Olive T. W. Li, et al. "Rapid Detection of Reassortment of Pandemic H1N1/2009 Influenza Virus." Clinical Chemistry 56, no. 8 (2010): 1340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2010.149179.

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BACKGROUND Influenza viruses can generate novel reassortants in coinfected cells. The global circulation and occasional introductions of pandemic H1N1/2009 virus in humans and in pigs, respectively, may allow this virus to reassort with other influenza viruses. These possible reassortment events might alter virulence and/or transmissibility of the new reassortants. Investigations to detect such possible reassortants should be included as a part of pandemic influenza surveillance plans. METHODS We established a real-time reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR–based strategy for the detection of reassor

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Lin, Degui, Shasha Sun, Lijie Du, et al. "Natural and experimental infection of dogs with pandemic H1N1/2009 influenza virus." Journal of General Virology 93, no. 1 (2012): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.037358-0.

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Evidence of H1N1/2009 influenza virus infection was identified in two domestic dogs in China in November 2009. Virus isolation and sequence analysis of all eight genes of the two isolates showed that they were related closely to the H1N1/2009 influenza virus circulating in humans, indicating that they were probably acquired from humans. To determine the pathogenicity and transmissibility of H1N1/2009 influenza virus in dogs, experimental infection and transmission were performed. Inoculated dogs were able to shed virus in nasal secretions, but symptoms were very mild. Uninoculated dogs were co

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Chi, Chia-Yu, Ching-Chuan Liu, Chia-Chun Lin, et al. "Preexisting Antibody Response against 2009 Pandemic Influenza H1N1 Viruses in the Taiwanese Population." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 17, no. 12 (2010): 1958–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00212-10.

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ABSTRACT A novel pandemic influenza H1N1 (pH1N1) virus spread rapidly across the world in 2009. Due to the important role of antibody-mediated immunity in protection against influenza infection, we used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based microneutralization test to investigate cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies against the 2009 pH1N1 virus in 229 stored sera from donors born between 1917 and 2008 in Taiwan. The peak of cumulative geometric mean titers occurred in donors more than 90 years old and declined sharply with decreasing age. Sixteen of 27 subjects (59%) more than 80 years

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Long, Li-Ping, Changhe Yuan, Zhipeng Cai, Huiping Xu, and Xiu-Feng Wan. "Mixture model analysis reflecting dynamics of the population diversity of 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus." In Silico Biology: Journal of Biological Systems Modeling and Multi-Scale Simulation 11, no. 5-6 (2012): 225–36. https://doi.org/10.3233/isb-2012-0457.

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Influenza A viruses have been responsible for large losses of lives around the world and continue to present a great public health challenge. In April 2009, a novel swine-origin H1N1 virus emerged in North America and caused the first pandemic of the 21st century. Toward the end of 2009, two waves of outbreaks occurred, and then the disease moderated. It will be critical to understand how this novel pandemic virus invaded and adapted to a human population. To understand the molecular dynamics and evolution in this pandemic H1N1 virus, we applied an Expectation-Maximization algorithm to estimat

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De Marco, Maria Alessandra, Claudia Cotti, Elisabetta Raffini, et al. "Long-Term Serological Investigations of Influenza A Virus in Free-Living Wild Boars (Sus scrofa) from Northern Italy (2007–2014)." Microorganisms 10, no. 9 (2022): 1768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091768.

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Influenza A viruses (IAV) have been repeatedly demonstrated to circulate in wild suid populations. In this study, serum samples were collected from 2618 free-ranging wild boars in a protected area of Northern Italy between 2007 and 2014, and firstly screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the presence of antibodies against IAV. The ELISA-positive samples were further tested by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays performed using antigen strains representative of the four major swine IAV (sIAV) lineages circulating in Italy: avian-like swine H1N1, pandemic-like swine H1N1,

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Mpolya, Emmanuel A., Yuki Furuse, Nao Nukiwa, Akira Suzuki, Taro Kamigaki, and Hitoshi Oshitani. "Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus Viewed from an Epidemiological Triangle Model." Journal of Disaster Research 4, no. 5 (2009): 356–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2009.p0356.

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The cause of atypical respiratory illness in several Mexican states in mid-March 2009 was determined to be a novel pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus. It has since then spread to six continents, causing illness and death. We review this virus against an epidemiological triangle model for understanding and visualizing communicable diseases that describes the interaction of an agent, host, and environment. We review the agent, i.e., pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus, hosts focusing on human beings, and the environment, suggesting from this agent-host-environment interaction measures for controlling and prevent

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Shikov, A. N., E. I. Sergeeva, O. K. Demina, et al. "Development of DNA-Biochip for Identification of Influenza A Virus Subtypes." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 2(112) (April 20, 2012): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2012-2(112)-89-93.

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Developed was the DNA-biochip to identify subtypes of influenza A virus, pathogenic for humans. Microchip was capable of detecting H1, H3, H5-subtypes of hemagglutinin (including H1-subtype of pandemic A/H1N1(2009) influenza virus ) and neuraminidase subtypes N1,N2 of influenza virus. This microchip was successfully tested on the strains of A/H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, A/H1N1(2009) pandemic influenza virus, A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 seasonal influenza viruses.

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Chan, Sandra S., Linda C. W. Lam, and Helen F. K. Chiu. "The emergence of the novel H1N1 virus: implications for global mental health." International Psychogeriatrics 21, no. 6 (2009): 987–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610209990925.

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The emergence of the novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus in humans has aroused great concern among medical professionals about the possible evolution of a full-blown influenza pandemic, one on the scale of the “Spanish” influenza pandemic of 1918–19 (Belshe, 2009). It has been speculated that the return of a pandemic virus equivalent in pathogenicity to the virus of 1918 would likely kill more than 100 million people worldwide, including a large number of economically active young people (Taubenberger and Morens, 2006). Health administrations worldwide have stepped up reporting and sur

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Zhao, Yuzhong, Fachao Sun, Li Li, et al. "Evolution and Pathogenicity of the H1 and H3 Subtypes of Swine Influenza Virus in Mice between 2016 and 2019 in China." Viruses 12, no. 3 (2020): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12030298.

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Pigs are considered a “mixing vessel” that can produce new influenza strains through genetic reassortments, which pose a threat to public health and cause economic losses worldwide. The timely surveillance of the epidemiology of the swine influenza virus is of importance for prophylactic action. In this study, 15 H1N1, one H1N2, and four H3N2 strains were isolated from a total of 4080 nasal swabs which were collected from 20 pig farms in three provinces in China between 2016 and 2019. All the isolates were clustered into four genotypes. A new genotype represented by the H1N2 strain was found,

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Campa, Annamaria, Manuela Quattrocchi, Marcello Guido, et al. "Ten-Year (1999–2009) Epidemiological and Virological Surveillance of Influenza in South Italy (Apulia)." Influenza Research and Treatment 2010 (June 22, 2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/642492.

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Clinical and epidemiological surveillance of influenza and other Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) are currently a major objective of Public Health. The aim was to describe the epidemiology of influenza using the Italian surveillance system. Vaccination Coverage (VC) rates were calculated during 1999-2009 influenza seasons. Molecular studies of influenza virus isolated, from patients with ILI, living in Apulia, are described. 1269 nasal-pharyngeal swabs were taken from patients with ILI and ARI in order to isolate and identify viruses using PCR. Influenza isolates are typed as being types A a

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Kasten-Jolly, Jane, and David Lawrence. "Seasonal IM flu-vaccines boost antibody titers to epitopes common to influenza virus strains (113.35)." Journal of Immunology 188, no. 1_Supplement (2012): 113.35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.113.35.

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Abstract Human serum IgG anti-influenza virus antibodies (Abs) to components of the inactivated, tri-valent 2006/2007, 2007/2008, 2008/2009, and 2010/2011 vaccines were measured by surface plasmon resonance (SPR; BIA3000). Pre- and post (2 wk) 2007/2008 vaccination (N=20 healthy volunteers) serum IgGs were assayed for binding to the 2006/2007, 2007/2008, and 2008/2009 vaccine preparations. Overall, the IgG binding was greatest to the 2006/2007 vaccine components, but binding was also observed against the 2008/2009 vaccine which did not include strains within the 2006/2007 or the 2007/2008 vacc

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Tang, Julian WT, Chun Kiat Lee, Hong Kai Lee, et al. "Tracking the Emergence of Pandemic Influenza A/H1N1/2009 and its Interaction with Seasonal Influenza Viruses in Singapore." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 39, no. 4 (2010): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v39n4p291.

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Introduction: Since the emergence of the pandemic influenza A/H1N1/2009 virus in April 2009, diagnostic testing in many countries has revealed the rapid displacement and then replacement of circulating seasonal influenza viruses by this novel virus. Materials and Methods: In-house seasonal and pandemic influenza-specific polymerase chain reaction assays were introduced and/or developed at the Molecular Diagnosis Centre (MDC) at the National University Hospital (NUH), Singapore. These assays have been used to test all samples received from in-patients, out-patients, staff and visitors for suspe

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F. AL- Marjani, Mohammed, Saba S. Khazaal, Thana M. Zayer, Yasir A. Atahia, and Kadhim A. Kadhim. "The Prevalence of Microorganisms in H1N1 Patients Compared to Seasonal Influenza in a Sample of Iraqi Patients." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512) 20, no. 2 (2017): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol20iss2pp81-84.

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This study provides valuable information on secondary microbial infections in H1N1 patients compared to Seasonal Influenza in Iraqi Patients. Nasopharynx swabs were collected from (12 ) patients infected with Seasonal influenza (11 from Baghdad and 1 Patient from south of Iraq) ,and ( 22 ) samples from patients with 2009 H1N1 ( 20 from Baghdad and 2 from south of Iraq). The results show that the patients infected with 2009 H1N1 Virus were younger than healthy subjects and those infected with seasonal influenza. And the difference reached to the level of significance (p< 0.01) compared with

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Liu, Yongping, Jiming Tong, Ying Tong, Ping Li, Xiaolan Cui, and Hongbao Cao. "In vitro anti-influenza virus effect of total flavonoid from Trollius ledebouri Reichb." Journal of International Medical Research 46, no. 4 (2018): 1380–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060517750284.

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Objective To investigate the in vitro antivirus effect of total flavonoid from Trollius ledebouri Reichb (TFTLR). Methods Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) and Human epithelial type 2 (HEp-2) cell lines were used to test the antivirus effect of TFTLR on nine virus subtypes: four H1N1, one H3N2, and four other subtypes prevalent in North China. Tamiflu, Ribavirin and Lianhua Qingwen were used as active comparators. Comprehensive molecular pathway analyses of TFTLR-H1N1 and TFTLR-H3N2 relationships were also conducted. Results TFTLR inhibited MDCK cell lesions induced by H1N1 subtypes (A/FM1/1/47

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Uyeki, Timothy M. "2009 H1N1 Virus Transmission and Outbreaks." New England Journal of Medicine 362, no. 23 (2010): 2221–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejme1004468.

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Molyneux, Jacob. "The Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus Vaccine." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 109, no. 9 (2009): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000360296.32464.2b.

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Achdout, Hagit, Tal Meningher, Shira Hirsh, et al. "Killing of Avian and Swine Influenza Virus by Natural Killer Cells." Journal of Virology 84, no. 8 (2010): 3993–4001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02289-09.

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ABSTRACT Today, global attention is focused on two influenza virus strains: the current pandemic strain, swine origin influenza virus (H1N1-2009), and the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, H5N1. At present, the infection caused by the H1N1-2009 is moderate, with mortality rates of less <1%. In contrast, infection with the H5N1 virus resulted in high mortality rates, and ca. 60% of the infected patients succumb to the infection. Thus, one of the world greatest concerns is that the H5N1 virus will evolve to allow an efficient human infection and human-to-human transmission. Natural kil

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Luo, Yi, Huarui Fu, Yamin Tan, et al. "Experience of Therapy for Pneumonia In Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients Infected by Influenza 2009 H1N1." Blood 116, no. 21 (2010): 4553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.4553.4553.

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Abstract Abstract 4553 In March 2009, a novel influenza H1N1 2009 virus was firstly detected in Mexico and then spread throughout the world rapidly. Till now, data about severe cases infected by 2009 H1N1 following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) are sparse, with only 11 anecdotal cases reported. We first describe three cases of influenza A/H1N1 2009 infection following allo-HSCT in China, including the first report in a haploidentical allo-HSCT recipient. The main clinical presentation in all cases are classic pneumonia-like symptoms and H1N1 virus was isolated

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Hernández-Collazo, A., E. Cuéllar-Garrido, and V. Rivera. Barragán. "Efecto protector de la vacuna estacional inactivada trivalente para uso en 2008-2009, contra virus pandémico A/H1N1." Lux Médica 6, no. 18 (2011): 03–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.33064/18lm20111616.

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De abril a junio de 2009, se reportaron casos confirmados de influenza por un nuevo virus A/H1N1, que obligaron a la OMS a elevar el nivel de alerta de pandemia de fase 3 a fase 6. Se conoce la vacunación como medida clave en la prevención; sin embargo, se obtuvieron pocos datos que evalúan la eficacia de la vacuna estacional 2008-2009 contra la nueva cepa pandémica. Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación de la vacuna estacional trivalente 2008-9 de virus inactivados con los casos de influenza del Hospital General ISSSTE Aguascalientes, durante la epidemia en México. Material y métodos: 24 pacientes

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Su, Shuo, Liguo Yuan, Huatao Li, et al. "Serologic Evidence of Pandemic Influenza Virus H1N1 2009 Infection in Cats in China." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 20, no. 1 (2012): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00618-12.

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ABSTRACTInfection of domestic cats with (H1N1) pandemic 2009 (pdm09) influenza A virus has recently been documented. In this paper, we report for the first time the sporadically current seroprevalence of (H1N1) pdm09 influenza A virus infection in cats in China. Thirteen of 1,080 sera were found positive by nucleoprotein (NP)-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) in different cat populations in southern China. It is very important to stress further surveillance of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza A virus in cats in southern China.

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Valkenburg, Sophie A., Karen Laurie, Anne Kelso, Stephen J. Turner, Peter C. Doherty, and Katherine Kedzierska. "T-cell immunity against the A(H1N1) 2009 pandemic virus." Microbiology Australia 32, no. 1 (2011): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma11022.

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The sudden emergence of the novel reassortant A(H1N1) 2009 influenza virus led to rapid global spread, due to minimal pre-existing antibody levels in those born after 1950. Memory T cells specific for more conserved viral peptides elicit broad immunity and can promote more rapid recovery. However, mutations within T-cell immunogenic peptides occur, although less commonly than at antibody-binding sites. Comparison of human T-cell peptides between the pandemic H1N1 2009 and seasonal strains showed 50?70% conservation, depending on the particular virus protein and influenza strains. Experimental

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Cherif, Honar, Martin Hoglund, and Karlis Pauksens. "Influenza A H1N1 2009 Vaccine in Patients with Hematological Diseases: Good Safety and Immunogenicity Even in Heavily Chemotherapy-Treated Patients." Blood 120, no. 21 (2012): 1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.1054.1054.

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Abstract Abstract 1054 Background: Patients with hematological malignancies are more susceptible for viral infections including influenza, which may be associated with prolonged illness, increased morbidity and mortality. In 2009, the World Health Organization classified the novel influenza A(H1N1) virus as pandemic. The impact of this viral infection in patients (pts) with hematological disorders was unknown, and there were concerns about the risk of serious complications. In Sweden, institutional guidelines recommended two doses of the AS03-adjuvanted inactivated H1N1 split vaccine Pandemrix

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Valheim, Mette, Hans Gamlem, Britt Gjerset, Anna Germundsson, and Bjørn Lium. "Pathological Findings and Distribution of Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Virus in Lungs from Naturally Infected Fattening Pigs in Norway." Influenza Research and Treatment 2011 (December 20, 2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/565787.

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The Norwegian pig population was considered free from influenza A virus infections until the first case of porcine pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus infection in October 2009. Human to pig transmission of virus was suspected. Unusual lung lesions were observed in fattening pigs, with red, lobular, multifocal to coalescing consolidation, most frequently in the cranial, middle, and accessory lobes. The main histopathological findings were epithelial degeneration and necrosis, lymphocyte infiltration in the epithelial lining and lamina propria of small bronchi and bronchioles, and peribronch

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Ruangrung, Kanyarat, Ornpreya Suptawiwat, Kittipong Maneechotesuwan, et al. "Neuraminidase Activity and Resistance of 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus to Antiviral Activity in Bronchoalveolar Fluid." Journal of Virology 90, no. 9 (2016): 4637–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00013-16.

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ABSTRACTHuman bronchoalveolar fluid is known to have anti-influenza activity. It is believed to be a frontline innate defense against the virus. Several antiviral factors, including surfactant protein D, are believed to contribute to the activity. The 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus was previously shown to be less sensitive to surfactant protein D. Nevertheless, whether different influenza virus strains have different sensitivities to the overall anti-influenza activity of human bronchoalveolar fluid was not known. We compared the sensitivities of 2009 pandemic H1N1, seasonal H1N1, and seas

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Prabakaran, Mookkan, Tao Meng, Fang He, et al. "Subcutaneous Immunization with Baculovirus Surface-Displayed Hemagglutinin of Pandemic H1N1 Influenza A Virus Induces Protective Immunity in Mice." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 18, no. 9 (2011): 1582–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.05114-11.

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ABSTRACTThe protective immunity of baculovirus displaying influenza virus hemagglutinin (BacHA) against influenza 2009 H1N1 virus infection in a murine model was investigated. The results showed that mice vaccinated with live BacHA or an inactive form of adjuvanted BacHA had enhanced specific antibody responses and induced protective immunity against 2009 H1N1 virus infection, suggesting the potential of baculovirus as a live or inactivated vaccine.

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Tsvetkov, V. V., E. G. Deeva, D. M. Danilenko, T. V. Sologub, and E. P. Tikhonova. "Molecular genetic factors of pathogenicity of influenza A virus (H1N1) pdm09." Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases 19, no. 4 (2014): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/eid40804.

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Unlike influenza epidemics which affect the population almost yearly, pandemics occur much less frequently, but have more severe medical and social consequences. The investigation of the nature of the course of all modern epidemics and pandemics are acquiring the particular rationale. Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 was caused by the virus of the mixed (triple) origin. In Russia, the first three cases of disease have been identified in Moscow from 21 to 10 June 2009. In the Far East - 2-2,5 months later compared to the European part of Russia. However, the epidemic of influenza in Russia caus

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Poornima, KM, Prashasti Upreti, and Narotam Sharma. "Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Strain: A Hidden Circulating Danger." Indian Journal of Genetics and Molecular Research 10, no. 1 (2021): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijgmr.2319.4782.10121.2.

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Starting from the encounter of the first case of H1N1 influenza virus in the year 2009 reported from the town of Mexico to its lay out across the globe; H1N1 virus has affected thousands of people in India. Since then this seasonal virus keeps on mutating (S181T and I312V) becoming more and more harmful and dangerous causing various serious complications. With its ability to regenerate and mutate at a faster rate this virus has RNA as its genetic material which is a combination of three different species; humans, avian and swine, targeting a larger spectrum of hosts turning out to be extra sev

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Hale, Benjamin G., John Steel, Rafael A. Medina, et al. "Inefficient Control of Host Gene Expression by the 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza A Virus NS1 Protein." Journal of Virology 84, no. 14 (2010): 6909–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00081-10.

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ABSTRACT In 2009, a novel swine-origin H1N1 influenza A virus emerged. Here, we characterize the multifunctional NS1 protein of this human pandemic virus in order to understand factors that may contribute to replication efficiency or pathogenicity. Although the 2009 H1N1 virus NS1 protein (2009/NS1) is an effective interferon antagonist, we found that this NS1 (unlike those of previous human-adapted influenza A viruses) is unable to block general host gene expression in human or swine cells. This property could be restored in 2009/NS1 by replacing R108, E125, and G189 with residues correspondi

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Mitake, Hiromichi, Atsuhiro Yasuhara, Tiago J. S. Lopes, et al. "Comparison of the Pathogenicity in Mice of A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses Isolated between 2009 and 2015 in Japan." Viruses 12, no. 2 (2020): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12020155.

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The A(H1N1)pdm09 virus emerged in 2009 and continues to circulate in human populations. Recent A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses, that is, A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses circulating in the post-pandemic era, can cause more or less severe infections than those caused by the initial pandemic viruses. To evaluate the changes in pathogenicity of the A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses during their continued circulation in humans, we compared the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of ten A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses isolated in Japan between 2009 and 2015, and experimentally infected mice with each virus. The severity of infection caused by t

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Uthman, Norah Abdulhamed, Sayed Sartaj Sohrab, Ibrahim Hassan Kamal, et al. "Genetic diversity of the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 8, no. 12 (2014): 1563–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.4420.

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Introduction: Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus emerged and spread globally in the spring of 2009. Saudi Arabia also witnessed a severe H1N1 pandemic virus epidemic with considerable morbidity and mortality in different parts of the kingdom beginning in June 2009. The influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus was detected in samples collected between May 2009 and November 2010 from Makkah region. This study provides data on the viral diagnosis and genetic diversity of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus from Saudi Arabia. Methodology: Nasopharyngeal swabs from 1

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Hillaire, Marine L. B., Stella E. van Trierum, Joost H. C. M. Kreijtz, et al. "Cross-protective immunity against influenza pH1N1 2009 viruses induced by seasonal influenza A (H3N2) virus is mediated by virus-specific T-cells." Journal of General Virology 92, no. 10 (2011): 2339–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.033076-0.

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Influenza A (H1N1) viruses of swine origin were introduced into the human population in 2009 and caused a pandemic. The disease burden in the elderly was relatively low, which was attributed to the presence of cross-reacting serum antibodies in this age group, which were raised against seasonal influenza A (H1N1) viruses that circulated before 1957. It has also been described how infection with heterosubtypic influenza viruses can induce some degree of protection against infection by a novel strain of influenza virus. Here, we assess the extent of protective immunity against infection with the

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Jang, Hyesun, and Ted M. Ross. "Influence of the H1N1 influenza pandemic on the humoral immune response to seasonal flu vaccines." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (2021): e0258453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258453.

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In this study, we hypothesized that the humoral response to trivalent seasonal influenza virus vaccines was influenced by rapid antigenic switching of H1 HA. We tested archived sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected at prior to vaccination at day 0, as well as days 30 and 90 after vaccination during the 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 influenza virus seasons. During the 2009/2010 season, vaccination successfully induced antibodies with hemagglutinin inhibition (HAI) activity against both H1N1 and H3N2 vaccine components. For the 2010/2011 season, the A/California/04/2009 (CA/09)

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Vijo, Eldo, Keith Lamb, Heera Lal Mahto, and Ramesh Unnikrishnan. "Ventilator management in pregnant patients with H1N1 infection: Two case reports." Indian Journal of Respiratory Care 05, no. 01 (2022): 694–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-11010-05107.

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The outbreak of H1N1, a virus of swine origin was detected in Mexico in late March and early April 2009. World Health Organization (WHO) in 2009 reported that 195 countries have reported confirmed human cases of H1N1. This pandemic virus infection though was self limited mild to moderate disease; there were reports of fatal complications especially in children and young adults. There was little or no immunity to this virus by humans and this virus targeted lower respiratory tract and caused pneumonia which was rapidly progressing. Approximately 10-30% of those infected with H1N1 required inten

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Durviaux, Serge, John Treanor, Jiri Beran, et al. "Genetic and Antigenic Typing of Seasonal Influenza Virus Breakthrough Cases from a 2008-2009 Vaccine Efficacy Trial." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 21, no. 3 (2013): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00544-13.

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ABSTRACTEstimations of the effectiveness of vaccines against seasonal influenza virus are guided by comparisons of the antigenicities between influenza virus isolates from clinical breakthrough cases with strains included in a vaccine. This study examined whether the prediction of antigenicity using a sequence analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene-encoded HA1 domain is a simpler alternative to using the conventional hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay, which requires influenza virus culturing. Specimens were taken from breakthrough cases that occurred in a trivalent influenza virus vaccin

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