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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Herbivore grazing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Smith, Lesley Anne. "Herbivore grazing decisions in relation to parasites in the environment." Thesis, University of York, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444692.

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2

Holland, John Peter. "Plant herbivore interactions within a complex mosaic of grassland, mire and montane communities." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342041.

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3

Wilkie, Martin. "Mixed herbivore grazing on a lowland heath system : quantifying the collective impacts for conservation management." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/355885/.

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Degradation of terrestrial habitats with high conservation value has resulted in strategic efforts to cease or reverse their declines. Broad habitat management can restore ecological processes and large herbivores can provide ecological function in some terrestrial systems. Following years of decline and fragmentation, owing to factors such as cessation of traditional practices, lowland heathland has become an internationally important habitat with strategic protection. Free-ranging grazing aims to assist in mitigating such losses to habitat and vegetation communities, but quantifying the graz
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4

Parsons, Malcolm. "Herbivore pressure of reindeer, rodents and invertebrates in the Fennoscandian tundra: a comparison of three methods." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-125917.

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Estimating herbivore density is an important part of understanding their impact on vegetation.  Many studies have been carried out on the impact of reindeer and other herbivores on arctic and sub-arctic vegetation, but they are difficult to compare as they typically use different methods to estimate herbivore activities.  The aim of this study was to compare three methods that were based on the recent International Tundra Experiment herbivory protocol to measure the activities of three herbivore groups: reindeer, rodents and invertebrates. The robustness of the methods themselves was then eval
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5

Diner, Brandee. "Plant-herbivore interactions between North American porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) and trembling aspens (Populus tremuloides)." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84024.

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Plant-herbivore interactions play a significant role in the structure and functioning of ecosystems. Co-evolutionary theory suggests that plant defenses evolved due to herbivores and herbivore pressure can shape the genetic composition of their food resources. We used interactions between North American porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) and trembling aspens ( Populus tremuloides) as a system to investigate this theory's important assumption that herbivores select food sources based on genetically controlled traits. We confirmed that porcupines exhibit intra-specific food selection and tha
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6

Madden, Christine. "The impacts of indigenous herbivore grazing over five years (2004 - 2008) on vegetation dynamics in four distinct vegetation types of the winter-rainfall Little Karoo." Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26304.

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Vegetation in semi-arid regions is subject to change when heavily utilised by herbivores. Changes in species richness, species and growth form composition, total cover and plant palatability in response to rest (fenced) and grazing (open) treatments was investigated in Sanbona Wildlife Reserve over five years (2004-2008). This reserve is over 55 000 ha and has four dominant vegetation types: Little Karoo Quartz Vygieveld, Western Little Karoo, Montagu Shale Renosterveld and previously transformed Renosterveld classified here as Old Lands. There was no significant change in vegetation dynamics
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7

Forslund, Helena. "Grazing and the geographical range of seaweeds : The introduced Fucus evanescens and the newly described Fucus radicans." Licentiate thesis, Stockholms universitet, Botaniska institutionen, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-36255.

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Along the coast of temperate oceans brown algae of the genus Fucus form dense stands on rocky shores and are keystone species of the coastal ecosystem. These large seaweeds are perennial and function as substrate for many sessile marine organisms, provide shelter for fauna and juvenile fish, and are food source. A number of abiotic (e.g. wave-exposure, salinity and substrate) and biotic (e.g. herbivory and competition) factors structures these communities and determines the abundance and composition of fucoids at each specific site. Earlier studies have shown that herbivores may reduce growth
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8

Reinecke, Jennifer [Verfasser], Karsten [Gutachter] Wesche, and Christine [Gutachter] Römermann. "The return of the mammoth steppe? : Rewilding in northeastern Yakutia and the actual impact of large herbivore grazing on vegetation / Jennifer Reinecke ; Gutachter: Karsten Wesche, Christine Römermann." Dresden : Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1227833555/34.

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9

Brown, Glen, and n/a. "Towards an in situ technique for investigating the role nutrients play in epilithon growth in an Australian upland stream." University of Canberra. School of Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2001. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060614.171246.

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There is limited knowledge and understanding of the role of nutrients and effect of herbivore grazing on epilithon production in Australian upland rivers. Before investigating these processes, a method was required that will allow the study of factors (physical, chemical and biological) that affect epilithon abundance and distribution in lotic systems. The Thredbo River, Kosciusko National Park, New South Wales, provided an opportunity to conduct this investigation because it: is relatively undisturbed; has been intensely studied; is easily accessed; and is of appropriate width and depth to co
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10

Hellström, K. (Kalle). "Variation in grazing tolerance and restoration of meadow plant communities." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2004. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514274938.

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Abstract The area of traditionally managed semi-natural meadows is declining throughout Europe. Knowledge of how to restore their species richness is urgently needed. Community manipulations by means of grazing and mowing and, on the other hand, knowledge of species-level responses as well as the responses of functional plant groups to management may help in planning appropriate restoration tools. The restoration of species richness was studied in two community-level experiments: in a sheep grazing experiment and in a mowing experiment. Three species-level studies were conducted to test the co
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11

Preedy, Garrett William. "Herbivory habits of beef cows grazing native range infested by sericea lespedeza." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15634.

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Master of Science<br>Department of Animal Sciences and Industry<br>KC Olson<br>Our objective was to determine the effects of supplemental corn steep liquor (CSL) on voluntary selection of sericea lespedeza (SL) by beef cows grazing native tallgrass range. Dietary botanical composition of cows (n = 145; initial BW = 579 ± 91 kg) was evaluated during a 150-d grazing period (5/1 to 10/1). Native pastures (n = 9; 50 ± 17 ha) infested by SL (average SL biomass = 37% of total forage biomass) were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 treatments: grazing by unsupplemented cows or grazing by cows supplemented w
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12

Sankey, Temuulen Tsagaan. "20th Century forest-grassland ecotone shift and effects of livestock herbivory." Diss., Montana State University, 2005. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2005/sankey/SankeyT1205.pdf.

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13

Halun, Sitti Zayda B. "The Effects of Fertilization and Simulated Grazing on the Community Structure of a Seagrass Bed in South Florida." FIU Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/415.

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The importance of resource supply and herbivory in driving competitive interactions among species has been an important but contentious issue within ecology. These variables exhibit different effects on species competition when manipulated in isolation but interact when manipulated together. I tested the direct and interactive effects of nutrient addition and simulated grazing (clipping) on the competitive performance of primary producers and community structure of a seagrass bed in South Florida. One square meter experimental plots were established in a mixed seagrass meadow from August 2007
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14

Stark, S. (Sari). "Reindeer grazing and soil nutrient cycling in boreal and tundra ecosystems." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2002. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514266927.

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Abstract In northernmost Fennoscandia, grazing by reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.) has a substantial impact on the vegetation of boreal forests and arctic-alpine tundra heaths, which are reflected in below-ground processes, such as nutrient mineralization and soil organic matter decomposition. In the present thesis, the effects of reindeer grazing on soil nutrient cycling were studied by comparing grazed situation with an ungrazed control area in ten boreal forests and six arctic-alpine tundra heaths. In boreal forests, reindeer grazing reduced microbial respiration in both the oligotr
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15

Warui, Charles Mwaura. "Impacts of wildlife and cattle grazing on spider (Araneae) biodiversity in a highland savanna ecosystem, in Laikipia, central Kenya." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/109/.

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16

Piippo, S. (Sari). "Grazing tolerance of biennial meadow plants in relation to resource availability." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2010. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514262111.

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Abstract In this thesis I studied responses of three biennial, monocarpic plants Erysimum strictum, Gentianella amarella, and G. campestris, to various aspects in resource availability (i.e. competition, mineral nutrition, neighbor removal) and environmental stress (early frost) at adult or rosette stages and how these effects are related to grazing tolerance. I also studied how manipulations in resource availability affected arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of the roots. All three species were relatively tolerant to simulated grazing and in most cases plants were able to compensate quit
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17

Ricketts, Andrew. "OF MICE AND COYOTES: MAMMALIAN RESPONSES TO RANGELAND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN TALLGRASS PRAIRIE." Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32728.

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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Department of Biology<br>Brett K. Sandercock<br>Habitat heterogeneity is a key driver of biodiversity in many ecosystems. In native ecosystems, habitat heterogeneity can arise from multiple drivers including nutrients, topoedaphic conditions, and ecological disturbance. Historically, the prairies of North America existed as a heterogeneous mosaic of habitat conditions created by the interaction of fire and grazing by native ungulates. The focus of many grazing systems has been to minimize disturbance caused by grazing by promoting uniform distributions of grazing animal
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18

Keir, Brenda L. "The potential use of urinary metabolites of plant compounds as markers for assessing the botanical composition of the diet of free-ranging herbivores." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=227813.

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19

Carlsson, Michaela. "Vegetation succession in savanna determined by interaction of grazing, browsing and fire; a comparison between hypotheses." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-307.

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<p>Studies in tropical regions have shown that trees and grasses respond differently to fire, grazing and browsing. In African savannas, the responses to fire, grazing and browsing are different, determined by negative or positive correlations. Browsing may have other consequences than grazing because instead of increasing woody biomass it reduces it, causing increase in grass growth, leading to increase in fuel that results in more intense fires and decrease in woody biomass. Fire and herbivory are an important interactive disturbance factors affecting vegetation succession and the tree-grass
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20

Goldenberg, Ellen Dignon. "Outplanted Acropora cervicornis enhances the fish assemblages of Southeast Florida." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2019. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/507.

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Acropora cervicornis, commonly known as the staghorn coral has historically been a major contributor to reef structural complexity, providing habitat for many functionally important fish species throughout Florida and the Caribbean. Unfortunately, due to disease, bleaching, and local anthropogenic stressors, A. cervicornis populations have suffered drastic declines that have negatively impacted associated reef fish populations. In order to promote recovery, A. cervicornis fragments can be cultivated in nurseries and outplanted back onto reefs. This practice can effectively increase A. cervicor
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21

Ricketts, Andrew Michael. "Of mice and coyotes: mammalian responses to rangeland management practices in tallgrass prairie." Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32731.

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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Department of Biology<br>Brett K. Sandercock<br>Habitat heterogeneity is a key driver of biodiversity in many ecosystems. In native ecosystems, habitat heterogeneity can arise from multiple drivers including nutrients, topoedaphic conditions, and ecological disturbance. Historically, the prairies of North America existed as a heterogeneous mosaic of habitat conditions created by the interaction of fire and grazing by native ungulates. The focus of many grazing systems has been to minimize disturbance caused by grazing by promoting uniform distributions of grazing animal
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22

Ylänne, H. (Henni). "Herbivory control over tundra carbon storage under climate change." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2017. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526215105.

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Abstract Air temperatures in high-latitude regions are anticipated to rise by several degrees by the end of the century and result in substantial northward shifts of species. These changes will likely affect the source and sink dynamics of greenhouse gases and possibly lead to a net carbon release from high-latitude soils to the atmosphere. However, regional differences in carbon cycling depend highly on the vegetation community composition, which may be controlled by the abundance of herbivores. I investigated whether mammalian herbivores, mainly reindeer and rodents, alter ecosystem carbon s
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23

Moen, Jon. "Herbivory and plant community structure in a subarctic altitudinal gradient." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, 1993. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-102558.

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The object of this thesis was to study plant community structure, especially in relation to vertebrate herbivory, in an altitudinal gradient in the Fennoscandian mountain chain. A sowing experiment in a high alpine Ranunculus glacialis population showed that seeds germinated better in cleared microsites than under established individuals. This is contrasted with a hypothesis that predicts positive plant-plant interactions in high alpine environments. It was concluded that plant-plant interactions in die studied population varied from neutral to negative, whereas no indications for positive int
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24

Bonnet, Olivier. "Contraintes et avantages des << grazing lawns >> en tant que ressource alimentaire chez les grands herbivores africains." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066283.

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Cette thèse s'intéresse aux liens fonctionnels existants entre les grands herbivores et les << grazing lawns >> (ou gazons par pâturage ) : une formation végétale crée et maintenue par l'action de ces mêmes herbivores. Les grazing lawns sont des espaces de savane (ou d'autres écosystèmes paturés) ou une forte activité de pâturage maintient une herbe courte dans un état de croissance précoce à haute valeur nutritive. Ces formations, qui résultent d'un rétrocontrôle positif entre l'intensité du pâturage et l'attractivité de la ressource, représentent un cas extrême dans l'interaction entre herbi
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25

Warui, Charles Mwaura. "Impacts of wildlife and cattle grazing on spider (araneae) biodiversity in a highland savanna ecosystem, in Laikipia, Central Kenya." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2005. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/109/.

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26

Barthelemy, Hélène. "Herbivores influence nutrient cycling and plant nutrient uptake : insights from tundra ecosystems." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-120191.

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Reindeer appear to have strong positive effects on plant productivity and nutrient cycling in strongly nutrient-limited ecosystems. While the direct effects of grazing on vegetation composition have been intensively studied, much less is known about the indirect effect of grazing on plant-soil interactions. This thesis investigated the indirect effects of ungulate grazing on arctic plant communities via soil nutrient availability and plant nutrient uptake. At high density, the deposition of dung alone increased plant productivity both in nutrient rich and nutrient poor tundra habitats without
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Tiver, Fleur. "Vegetation patterns of eastern South Australia : edaphic control and effects of herbivory /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pht623.pdf.

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28

Midoko-Iponga, Donald. "Renosterveld restoration : the role of competition, herbivory and other disturbances." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16390.

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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: West Coast Renosterveld is one of the most threatened vegetation types in South Africa. Less than 5% of the original extent of this vegetation type remains, of which 80% is on private land. In addition to fragmentation, much of the vegetation has been ploughed for crop production and then abandoned and invaded by alien plants. Restoration of transformed areas may improve the conservation status of this vegetation type. Indigenous species do not return to abandoned agricultural fields for decades even if these are adjace
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Nicaise, Laurence. "L'Herbivore, facteur d'augmentation de la diversité biologique des milieux artificiels : l'exemple des digues aménagées par la Compagnie Nationale du Rhône." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES079.

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L'expérience de pâturage menée sur les digues du Rhône permet de répondre à un triple objectif : gestion des terrains artificiels de la Compagnie Nationale du Rhône, amélioration de la dynamique écologique, floristique et faunistique, et conservation de races rustiques à effectif réduit. Le suivi comportemental de trois herbivores - juments Pottok, vaches Bretonnes Pie Noire et brebis Solognotes - a été mené ainsi que l'étude de leur impact sur la flore et les populations lombriciennes. Après trois années de pâturage, on constate la bonne adaptation des animaux à leur territoire et un effet po
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Roycroft, Madelyn V. "Foraging Ecology of Parrotfishes in the Greater Caribbean: Impacts of Specialization and Dietary Preferences on Marine Benthic Communities." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2018. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1945.

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Coral reefs are one of the world’s most diverse yet heavily impacted marine ecosystems. As a result of many direct and indirect stressors, coral reefs have experienced major degradation over the last several decades. Declines in coral reefs in the Caribbean have been particularly acute and generally associated with the loss of key herbivores and an increase in algae. Herbivorous fishes such as parrotfishes can positively impact coral reefs by removing algae that compete with corals for light and space. However, many parrotfishes are also important coral predators. Predation on corals, known as
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31

Legendre, Héloïse. "Approche agro-écologique de la gestion du parasitisme en élevage : application en système cunicole biologique." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0101.

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L’étude des interactions entre système fourrager, santé et croissance des lapins contribuera à proposer de nouvelles pratiques pour des systèmes d’élevage cunicole alternatifs, tels que ceux en agriculture biologique (AB) incluant une gestion intégrée de la santé. Mais cette stratégie est limitée par le manque de références sur la cuniculture AB, i) sur l'alimentation au pâturage (ingestion de fourrages verts, qualités nutritionnelles pour les lapins, etc) ; et ii) sur les risques sanitaires notamment le parasitisme, identifié comme un frein important au développement de la cuniculture AB. L’e
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32

Burgett, Claire Margaret. "Green Sea Turtles (Chelonia mydas) in Bermuda Exhibit an Ontogenetic Diet Shift despite Overexploitation of Resources in their Developmental Habitat." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3267.

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Green sea turtles in Bermuda are overgrazing the seagrasses on which later life stages are thought to specialize. I hypothesized that larger green turtles in Bermuda would display individual diet specializations during seagrass scarcity. Stable isotope methods were used to determine the diet composition of green sea turtles from the Bermuda Platform as a function of size class and in turtles captured in successive years. Individual turtles had a wide range of diets, however, the variation in diets was driven by differences among size class rather than within the size classes of larger turtles,
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33

Reinecke, Jennifer. "The return of the mammoth steppe?: Rewilding in northeastern Yakutia and the actual impact of large herbivore grazing on vegetation." 2019. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A38665.

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Rewilding aims at the restoration of lost ecosystems by re-introducing large herbivores. In northern Siberia, the demise of the mammoth steppe ecosystem at the end of the Pleistocene has been related to the loss of megafauna due to human overhunting. Others argue that climate change at the beginning of the Holocene has triggered the shift from dry, cold steppe vegetation to wet and low productive tundra and taiga vegetation. Despite many different opinions and ongoing discussions on the topic, few case studies are available to test the proposed hypotheses. In this thesis I try to bridge the th
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34

Cheleuitte-Nieves, Christopher. "Seasonal and Diurnal Patterns of Spatial Spread, Grouping Dynamics and Influence of Resources on a Free-Ranging Cattle Herd in a Semi-Arid Rangeland in South Texas, USA." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-08-9863.

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Knowledge of scale-dependent factors that affect the distribution of ungulate herds, such as cattle, is essential for the development of more accurate predictive models of animal movement and the management of sustainable agriculture. Our objectives were to evaluate the seasonal and diurnal patterns of herd spread, explore grouping dynamics, and the influence of dominance ranks, seasonal changes in forage biomass, use of shade, water and supplemental feed areas on cattle distribution. Positional and activity information of eleven free-ranging Bonsmara, Bos taurus, cows were obtained at five mi
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35

Smith, Eilidh. "Assessing waterhole design and determining the impact of artificial waterholes in Balule nature reserve, South Africa." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22133.

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Herbivores have a significant influence on their environment. Factors that influence herbivore distribution in a landscape are important for conservation. Artificial water provision is one such factor, with water sources being focal points of herbivore activity. Variation between herbivore utilisation of different waterhole types and habitat integrity surrounding the different waterholes is assessed in this study. Correlations are drawn between herbivore utilisation and habitat integrity to quantify the impact that artificial waterholes have on the landscape. A scoring system is devised to inv
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Arsenault, Randal. "Competition vs facilitation : Species interactions within the short grass grazing guild." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/5857.

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How so many species coexist while utilizing the same resources is both of ecological interest and important for the management of wildlife communities and parks. This thesis endeavours to understand how grazing herbivores co-exist, with special emphasis on understanding the mechanisms of competition and facilitation over temporal and spatial scales. I compared the dry season use of grasslands, grass species, grass height and grass greenness by white rhino and three other ungulate species, zebra, wildebeest, and impala. I was specifically interested in the extent to which white rhinos, with th
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Kanz, Wolfgang Adrian. "Seed and seedling dynamics of certain acacia species as affected by herbivory, grass competition, fire, and grazing system." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10207.

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The influence of herbivory, grass competition and grazing system on emergence, growth and survival of Acacia seedlings in burnt and unburnt areas was investigated in their first growing season, from September 1997 to May 1998. The study was aimed at determining possible reasons for the increase in woody plant density in semi-arid savannas, specifically the effect of excluding small-mouthed herbivores from domestic and livestock systems, and switching from continuous grazing to rotational grazing systems. The effect of fire intensity and maximum fire temperature on seed viability, germination a
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Walburger, Kenric. "The effects of timber harvest and herbivory on understory vegetation and composition of beef cattle diets on forested rangelands." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29756.

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39

Gooch, Scott. "Effects of white-tailed deer herbivory on a tallgrass prairie remnant." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/3847.

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A study was conducted to determine what impact high white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) densities were having on the native grasslands of a tallgrass: aspen forest tract embedded within an agro-urban setting. Due to excessive spring moisture, row-crops were unavailable the first year. Using microhistological fecal analysis to determine dietary composition, deer were assessed to be placing the site’s favoured native plant species at risk of extirpation. Measuring woody stem abundance and height along and near the prairie: forest ecotone, deer were found to restructure woody growth but no
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40

"Evaluating threats and management practices for the conservation of hairy prairie-clover (Dalea villosa Nutt. (Spreng) var. villosa), a rare plant species in Saskatchewan." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2012-12-810.

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Hairy prairie-clover (Dalea villosa Nutt. (Spreng) var. villosa), a rare plant species, grows in the Canadian Prairies. Populations of Dalea in Canada are threatened by the loss of sand dune habitat because of changes in land use and altered ecological processes such as grazing and fire. Local populations of Dalea are further threatened by one or more specific threats, including herbivory from native and domestic ungulates and invasion of habitats by exotic plants. The overall objective of this thesis was to gain more knowledge about Dalea and to determine the impact of threats and management
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Dobrindt, Lana. "Influence of grassland management on the abundance of the endophytic fungi Neotyphodium." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-9945-2.

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42

Lourenço, Emanuel Pires. "Utilização de virtual fencing na gestão e restauro de ecossistemas naturais: uma revisão do estado da arte, limitações e oportunidades." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/20125.

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As alterações nos efetivos das populações de herbívoros, um pouco por toda a Europa, provocaram desequilíbrios nos ecossistemas, associados a situações de sub pastoreio e sobre pastoreio. Por um lado, assistiu-se ao abandono da atividade pastoril em áreas marginais para o pastoreio, com redução do efetivo ou menor esforço de gestão, por outro, assistiu-se a uma intensificação do pastoreio extensivo, com aumento do efetivo e/ou da densidade de encabeçamento. O controlo eficaz da movimentação dos animais promove o seu papel de regulação ecológica, otimizando-os ao mesmo tempo que diminui os seu
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