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Journal articles on the topic 'Heterocycles Fused'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Li, Wen, Jinyang Zhang, Min Wang, et al. "Pyrimidine-fused Dinitrogenous Penta-heterocycles as a Privileged Scaffold for Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 22, no. 4 (2022): 284–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026622666220111143949.

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Abstract: Pyrimidine-fused derivatives that are the inextricable part of DNA and RNA play a key role in the normal life cycle of cells. Pyrimidine-fused dinitrogenous penta-heterocycles, including pyrazolopyrimidines and imidazopyrimidines are a special class of pyrimidine-fused compounds contributing to an important portion in anti-cancer drug discovery, which has been discovered as the core structure for promising anti-cancer agents used in the clinic or clinical evaluations. Pyrimidine-fused dinitrogenous penta-heterocycles have become one privileged scaffold for anti-cancer drug discovery.

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2

Hoffman, Gavin R., and Allen M. Schoffstall. "Syntheses and Applications of 1,2,3-Triazole-Fused Pyrazines and Pyridazines." Molecules 27, no. 15 (2022): 4681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27154681.

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Pyrazines and pyridazines fused to 1,2,3-triazoles comprise a set of heterocycles obtained through a variety of synthetic routes. Two typical modes of constructing these heterocyclic ring systems are cyclizing a heterocyclic diamine with a nitrite or reacting hydrazine hydrate with dicarbonyl 1,2,3-triazoles. Several unique methods are known, particularly for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrazines and their benzo-fused quinoxaline and quinoxalinone-containing analogs. Recent applications detail the use of these heterocycles in medicinal chemistry (c-Met inhibition or GABAA modulating

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3

Masdeu, Carme, Maria Fuertes, Endika Martin-Encinas, et al. "Fused 1,5-Naphthyridines: Synthetic Tools and Applications." Molecules 25, no. 15 (2020): 3508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25153508.

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Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds, including fused 1,5-naphthyridines, have versatile applications in the fields of synthetic organic chemistry and play an important role in the field of medicinal chemistry, as many of them have a wide range of biological activities. In this review, a wide range of synthetic protocols for the construction of this scaffold are presented. For example, Friedländer, Skraup, Semmlere-Wolff, and hetero-Diels-Alder, among others, are well known classical synthetic protocols used for the construction of the main 1,5-naphthyridine scaffold. These syntheses are classified

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4

Veeranki, Krishna Chaitanya, Jalapathi Pochampally, and Ravi Chander Maroju. "Synthesis of Novel Biaryl Fused Thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazol-2-amines from Thiazole Amine Involving Suzuki Coupling Reaction under Microwave Irradiation." Asian Journal of Chemistry 35, no. 2 (2023): 431–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2023.26998.

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Novel series of fused heterocycles in which amino triazole fused to biphenyl thiazole were synthesized in a multistep reaction starting from 2-aminothiazole. The amino compound with ethoxy carbonyl isothiocyanate afforded the ethyl carbamate thiomide derivative of thiazole, which further underwent intramolecular cyclization with hydroxyl amine hydrochloride in presence of DIPEA to furnish the fused thiazolotriazole amine. Haloaryl group in the fused heterocycle under Suzuki coupling condition afforded biphenyl derivatives of fused thiazolotriazole amines. All the synthesized compounds were con

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5

Li, Xianwei, Tianzhang Wang, Yu-Jing Lu, Shaomin Ji, Yanping Huo, and Bifu Liu. "Copper-catalyzed oxidative multicomponent reaction: synthesis of imidazo fused heterocycles with molecular oxygen." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 16, no. 39 (2018): 7143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ob01532e.

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An oxidative cascade that involves multicomponent reaction comprising a terminal alkyne, 2-amino N-heterocycle, benzyl or allylic bromide with molecular oxygen, delivering densely functionalized imidazo fused heterocycles, is achieved.

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6

Puebla, Pilar, Zoila Honores, Manuel Medarde, Lourdes Morán, Esther Caballero, and Arturo San Feliciano. "Synthesis of fused heterocycles from heterocyclic enaminones." Tetrahedron 55, no. 25 (1999): 7915–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(99)00401-9.

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7

Wang, Hengshuai, Shengchao Jiao, Kerong Chen, et al. "Direct access to pyrido/pyrrolo[2,1-b]quinazolin-9(1H)-ones through silver-mediated intramolecular alkyne hydroamination reactions." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 11 (March 30, 2015): 416–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.11.47.

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We report a synthetic methodology for the construction of the fused heterocyclic compounds pyrido[2,1-b]quinazolin-9(1H)-ones and pyrrolo[2,1-b]quinazolin-9(1H)-ones through an AgOTf-catalyzed intramolecular alkyne hydroamination reaction. The methodology is applicable to a wide scope of substrates and produces a series of fused quinazolinone heterocycles in good to excellent yields.

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8

Hitesh, Hitesh Amrutlal. "Synthesis, Characterization and Antifungal Activity of Novel Thiazolo-Pyrimidine Fused Heterocycles." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (2022): 1165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.1165ecst.

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In medicinal chemistry, nitrogen and sulphur containing heterocyclic compounds are well known for their therapeutic properties.(1) Among them thiazole and pyrimidine derivatives possess diverse pharmaceutical activities.(2,3) More particularly thiazolo-pyrimidine fused shows various therapeutically activities like, anticancer, antimicrobial, antibacterial effects, antiviral ,etc (4-7). Such type of fused heterocycles containing furan and naphthalene moieties has not been developed. Thus, the aim of the present work to study the novel fused thiazolo-pyrimidine derivatives, their characterizatio

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9

de Ceuninck van Capelle, Lillian A., James M. Macdonald, and Christopher J. T. Hyland. "Stereogenic and conformational properties of medium-ring benzo-fused N-heterocycle atropisomers." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 19, no. 33 (2021): 7098–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ob00836f.

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By examining the various contributions to the conformational and stereogenic stability of medium-sized benzo-fused N-heterocyclic atropisomers, this review serves to aid the design, synthesis and study of these pharmaceutically relevant heterocycles.

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10

Bassam A. Hassan, Hameedi N Nasera, and Maitham M. Abdulridha. "Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of fused heterocyclic compound [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-b][1,2,4,5] tetra zine." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 2 (2019): 1254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i2.417.

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Nitrogen-containing, heterocycles, have special importance and vital, role in the discovery of effective bioactive, agents in the pharmaceutical, industry. The present article reports the synthesis of new fused, heterocycles triazolotetrazine by cyclo condensation, reaction as shown in scheme(1). The structures formula of synthesized compounds newly was evaluated by Ft-IR,1H-NMR spectrum, and C, H, N elemental analysis. Antimicrobial activity of triazolotetrazine studied against some pathogenic bacterial strains isolated from patients like Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, E. coli, Klebsiella, Staphyl

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11

Nayl, AbdElAziz A., Ashraf A. Aly, Wael A. A. Arafa, et al. "Azides in the Synthesis of Various Heterocycles." Molecules 27, no. 12 (2022): 3716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27123716.

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In this review, we focus on some interesting and recent examples of various applications of organic azides such as their intermolecular or intramolecular, under thermal, catalyzed, or noncatalyzed reaction conditions. The aforementioned reactions in the aim to prepare basic five-, six-, organometallic heterocyclic-membered systems and/or their fused analogs. This review article also provides a report on the developed methods describing the synthesis of various heterocycles from organic azides, especially those reported in recent papers (till 2020). At the outset, this review groups the synthet

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12

Walton, David J. "Synthesis of fused heterocycles." Endeavour 12, no. 3 (1988): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-9327(88)90145-7.

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13

Cao, Ke, Cai-Yan Zhang, Tao-Tao Xu, et al. "Synthesis of Polyhedral Borane Cluster Fused Heterocycles via Transition Metal Catalyzed B-H Activation." Molecules 25, no. 2 (2020): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25020391.

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Aromatic heterocycles are ubiquitous building blocks in bioactive natural products, pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Accordingly, the carborane-fused heterocycles would be potential candidates in drug discovery, nanomaterials, metallacarboranes, as well as photoluminescent materials. In recent years, the transition metal catalyzed B-H activation has been proved to be an effective protocol for selective functionalization of B-H bond of o-carboranes, which has been further extended for the synthesis of polyhedral borane cluster-fused heterocycles via cascade B-H functionalization/annu

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14

Indukuri, Divakar Reddy, Gal Reddy Potuganti, and Manjula Alla. "Hypervalent Iodine Mediated Efficient Solvent-Free Regioselective Halogenation and Thiocyanation of Fused N-Heterocycles." Synlett 30, no. 13 (2019): 1573–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1611856.

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A facile, rapid, metal-free regioselective halogenation and thiocyanation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine/pyrimidine heterocycles has been achieved under solvent-free reaction conditions. Halogenations and thiocyanation of the heterocycles could be accomplished by simple grinding of reactants and hypervalent iodine reagents with the corresponding alkali metal or ammonium salts. The method has been extrapolated to a cleaner synthesis of brominated imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine/pyrimidine derivatives, starting from the corresponding heterocyclic amines and substituted α-bromoketones, utilising HBr generated

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15

Puebla, Pilar, Zoila Honores, Manuel Medarde, Lourdes Moran, Esther Caballero, and Arturo San Feliciano. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fused Heterocycles from Heterocyclic Enaminones." ChemInform 30, no. 40 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199940136.

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16

Brückner, Tobias, Merle Arrowsmith, Merlin Heß, Kai Hammond, Marcel Müller, and Holger Braunschweig. "Synthesis of fused B,N-heterocycles by alkyne cleavage, NHC ring-expansion and C–H activation at a diboryne." Chemical Communications 55, no. 47 (2019): 6700–6703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc02657f.

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The addition of alkynes to a saturated N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-supported diboryne results in spontaneous cycloaddition, with complete BB and CC triple bond cleavage, NHC ring-expansion and activation of a variety of C–H bonds, leading to the formation of complex mixtures of fused B,N-heterocycles.

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17

Moussa, Ziad, Mani Ramanathan, Harbi Tomah Al-Masri, and Saleh A. Ahmed. "Recent Progress in the Synthesis of Benzoxazin-4-Ones, Applications in N-Directed Ortho-Functionalizations, and Biological Significance." Molecules 29, no. 23 (2024): 5710. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29235710.

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The development of efficient synthetic procedures to access fused N, O-heterocyclic skeletons has been a pivotal research topic in organic synthesis for several years. Owing to the applications of N, O-fused heterocycles in organic synthesis, material sciences, and medicinal chemistry, significant efforts have been dedicated to design novel methods for their construction. To this end, 1,3-benzoxazin-4-ones are privileged candidates for N, O-heterocyclic molecules often found in natural products, agrochemicals, and materials science applications. In this review, we aim to summarize the existing

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18

Mir, Reyaz Hassan, Roohi Mohi-ud-din, Taha Umair Wani, et al. "Indole: A Privileged Heterocyclic Moiety in the Management of Cancer." Current Organic Chemistry 25, no. 6 (2021): 724–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272825666210208142108.

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Heterocyclic are a class of compounds that are intricately entwined into life processes. Almost more than 90% of marketed drugs carry heterocycles. Synthetic chemistry, in turn, allocates a cornucopia of heterocycles. Among the heterocycles, indole, a bicyclic structure consisting of a six-membered benzene ring fused to a five-membered pyrrole ring with numerous pharmacophores that generate a library of various lead molecules. Due to its profound pharmacological profile, indole got wider attention around the globe to explore it fully in the interest of mankind. The current review covers recent

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19

El-Sawy, Eslam Reda, Ahmed Bakr Abdelwahab та Gilbert Kirsch. "Synthetic Routes to Coumarin(Benzopyrone)-Fused Five-Membered Aromatic Heterocycles Built on the α-Pyrone Moiety. Part II: Five-Membered Aromatic Rings with Multi Heteroatoms". Molecules 26, № 11 (2021): 3409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113409.

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Coumarins are natural heterocycles that widely contribute to the design of various biologically active compounds. Fusing different aromatic heterocycles with coumarin at its 3,4-position is one of the interesting approaches to generating novel molecules with various biological activities. During our continuing interest in assembling information about fused five-membered aromatic heterocycles, and after having presented mono-hetero-atomic five-membered aromatic heterocycles in Part I. The current review Part II is intended to present an overview of the different synthetic routes to coumarin (be

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20

Khramtsova, Ekaterina E., Aleksandr D. Krainov, Maksim V. Dmitriev, and Andrey N. Maslivets. "Cycloaddition of 4-Acyl-1H-pyrrole-2,3-diones Fused at [e]-Side and Cyanamides: Divergent Approach to 4H-1,3-Oxazines." Molecules 27, no. 16 (2022): 5257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27165257.

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4-Acyl-1H-pyrrole-2,3-diones fused at [e]-side with a heterocyclic moiety are suitable platforms for the development of a hetero-Diels–Alder-reaction-based, diversity-oriented approaches to series of skeletally diverse heterocycles. These platforms are known to react as oxa-dienes with dienophiles to form angular 6/6/5/6-tetracyclic alkaloid-like heterocycles and are also prone to decarbonylation at high temperatures resulting in generation of acyl(imidoyl)ketenes, bidentate aza- and oxa-dienes, which can react with dienophiles to form skeletally diverse products (angular tricyclic products or

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21

Das, Suven. "Recent applications of ninhydrin in multicomponent reactions." RSC Advances 10, no. 32 (2020): 18875–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra02930k.

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This article aims to review recent multicomponent reactions of ninhydrin towards diverse organic scaffolds, such as indeno-fused heterocycles, spiro-indeno heterocycles, quinoxalines, propellanes, cage-like compounds, and dispiro heterocycles.

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22

Mourad, Aboul-Fetouh E., Alaa A. Hassan, Ashraf A. Aly, Nasr K. Mohamed, and Bahaa A. Ali. "Rhodanine in Fused-Heterocycles Syntheses." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 182, no. 2 (2007): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426500600919181.

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23

Frank, Éva, Brigitta Kazi, Zoltán Mucsi, Krisztina Ludányi, and György Keglevich. "New steroid-fused P-heterocycles." Steroids 72, no. 5 (2007): 446–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.steroids.2007.02.001.

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24

Frank, Éva, Tamás Körtvélyesi, Mátyás Czugler, Zoltán Mucsi, and György Keglevich. "New steroid-fused P-heterocycles." Steroids 72, no. 5 (2007): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.steroids.2007.02.002.

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25

Mamedov, V. A., D. F. Saifina, E. A. Berdnikov, and I. Kh Rizvanov. "Fused polycyclic nitrogen-containing heterocycles." Russian Chemical Bulletin 56, no. 10 (2007): 2127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11172-007-0334-3.

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26

Mamedov, V. A., N. A. Zhukova, T. N. Beschastnova, Ya A. Levin, A. T. Gubaidullin, and I. A. Litvinov. "Fused polycyclic nitrogen-containing heterocycles." Russian Chemical Bulletin 56, no. 11 (2007): 2308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11172-007-0365-9.

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27

Vishwakarma, Lav Kush Kumar, and Varsha Kashaw. "Nanocatalyzed Synthetic Approach for the Quinazolinone and Quinazoline Derivatives: A Review (2015 – Present)." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 13, no. 3 (2023): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v13i3.5765.

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Due to their diverse chemical reactivities and essential range of biological action, quinazolines and their derivatives rank among the most significant heterocyclic compounds. Quinazoline and quinazolinone scaffolds pharmacological properties have sparked medicinal chemists' interest in creating original medications or drug candidates. The growth of quinazoline hybrid lead compounds and the related heterocycles is summarised in the current review of medicinal chemistry. Additionally, by shedding light on the potential significance of these hybridised pharmacophoric characteristics in the demon

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28

Elwahy, Ahmed H. M., and Mohamed R. Shaaban. "Synthesis of heterocycles and fused heterocycles catalyzed by nanomaterials." RSC Advances 5, no. 92 (2015): 75659–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra11421g.

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29

Avhad, Datta, Alpana Asnani, Shrikant Mohurle, Pratyush Kumar, Abhibnav Bais, and Ruchita Tale. "Review on synthetic study of benzotriazole." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 2 (2020): 215–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4274541.

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Benzotriazole is nitrogen containing heterocycle derivative containing three nitrogen atoms at 1st, 2nd, 3 rd positions. Lone pairs of each nitrogen atom are present in unshared form. The unshared lone pair of electrons enables five-membered ring to exhibit that can exist in tautomeric forms. Benzotriazole belongs to a fused heterocycles, which has a benzene ring fused with with a traizole ring. Benzotriazole and its derivatives have great significance in medicinal chemistry. The derivatives are used by several chemists for therapeutic conditions. The current paper concise several synthetic me

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30

Liu, Yong, Chu-Yi Yu, and Mei-Xiang Wang. "Synthesis of fused N-heterocycles utilizing the heterocyclic enamine protocol." Arkivoc 2003, no. 2 (2003): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/ark.5550190.0004.217.

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31

Patil, Chetan, and Hitesh Amrutlal Hitesh. "Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Fused Tetracycline Pyrazolo[3,4-b]Pyridines." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (2022): 1673–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.1673ecst.

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The nitrogen containing heterocycles are very important class of compounds in antileishmanial drug discovery. (1,2) Among them the pyrazole in different compounds shows diversified applications in different areas like technical, medical and agriculture field. They shows different pharmaceutical activity like antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antidepressant, antiinflammatory, anti- tuberculosis, antioxidant as well as antiviral agents (3,4). The fused derivatives of Pyrazole with another heterocyclic compounds studies for various pharmaceutical as well as biological activities (5,6). Pyraz

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32

Chen, Qian, Yunpeng Wang, and Ruimao Hua. "Base-Promoted Chemodivergent Formation of 1,4-Benzoxazepin-5(4H)-ones and 1,3-Benzoxazin-4(4H)-ones Switched by Solvents." Molecules 24, no. 20 (2019): 3773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24203773.

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The KOH-promoted chemodivergent benzannulation of ortho-fluorobenzamides with 2-propyn-1-ol can afford either 1,4-benzoxazepin-5(4H)-ones or 1,3-benzoxazin-4(4H)-ones in good yields with high selectivity, depending greatly upon the use of solvents. In the case of using DMSO, the intermolecular benzannulation produced seven-membered benzo-fused heterocycles of 1,4-benzoxazepin-5(4H)-ones, whereas in MeCN, the six-membered benzo-fused heterocycles of 1,3-benzoxazin-4(4H)-ones were formed. The KOH-promoted benzannulation proceeded most probably through the C–F nucleophilic substitution of ortho-f

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33

Rostampoor, Azar, та Abdolali Alizadeh. "Recent advances in the application of β-ketonitriles as multifunctional intermediates in organic chemistry". RSC Advances 15, № 19 (2025): 14558–86. https://doi.org/10.1039/d4ra07788a.

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This review discusses the diverse applications of β-ketonitriles in organic synthesis, highlighting protocols that generate various compounds, including cyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic compounds, heterocycles, spirocycles, and fused heterocycles.

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34

Chen, Daoliang, Danlei Zhu, Gaobo Lin, et al. "New fused conjugated molecules with fused thiophene and pyran units for organic electronic materials." RSC Advances 10, no. 21 (2020): 12378–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra01984d.

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35

Singh, Nidhi, Krishna Rajotiya, Nikita Lamba, H. L. Singh, K. L. Ameta, and Shivendra Singh. "Versatile Approach for the Synthesis of Furo-coumarin Derivatives." Current Organic Chemistry 26, no. 3 (2022): 324–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272826666220126155703.

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Abstract: Owing to useful physio-chemical properties of furo-coumarin derivatives, their synthetic and mechanistic investigation has been reported here. We have demonstrated a range of synthetic approaches to access furan-fused coumarin derivatives. Many metalmediated, base, and acid-catalyzed approaches have been revealed for the formation of this coumarin-based fused heterocycles of biological importance. In addition to this, microwaveassisted synthetic routes have also been revealed. The last and most useful approach for the synthesis of these heterocycles includes the use of purely solvent

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36

Cui, Chun-Xiao, Shikuo Ren, Zaozao Qiu, and Zuowei Xie. "Synthesis of carborane-fused carbo- and heterocycles via zirconacyclopentane intermediates." Dalton Transactions 47, no. 7 (2018): 2453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt04751g.

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37

Abbas, Ashraf A., Thoraya A. Farghaly, and Kamal M. Dawood. "Recent advances on anticancer and antimicrobial activities of directly-fluorinated five-membered heterocycles and their benzo-fused systems." RSC Advances 14, no. 28 (2024): 19752–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d4ra01387e.

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The fluorinated heterocycles are main components of 20% of the anticancer and antibiotic drugs, this review describes the reported anticancer and antimicrobial activities of the fluorinated five-membered heterocycles and their benzo-fused systems.

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38

B. Mitra, Rajat, Zainab Muljiani, and Sunita R. Deshpande. "Synthesis of 1,2,4-Triazolo Fused Heterocycles." HETEROCYCLES 27, no. 10 (1988): 2297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-88-4635.

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39

Beccalli, E., G. Broggini, M. Martinelli, G. Paladino, and E. Rossi. "Synthesis of Indolo-Fused Nitrogen Heterocycles." Synfacts 2006, no. 10 (2006): 0995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-949348.

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40

Rajender, P. Sarita, G. Sridevi, and K. Kondal Reddy. "Synthesis of Novel Isoxazole Fused Heterocycles." Synthetic Communications 42, no. 15 (2012): 2191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397911.2011.555051.

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41

Gulevskaya, Anna V., and Alexander F. Pozharskii. "Synthesis of pteridines fused to heterocycles." Russian Chemical Reviews 80, no. 6 (2011): 495–529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/rc2011v080n06abeh004168.

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42

McKinnon, David M., and Kingsley R. Lee. "Fused heterocycles from o-acylbenzenethiol derivatives." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 66, no. 6 (1988): 1405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v88-227.

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The oximes of 2-acylthioanisole derivatives may be conveniently converted into 1,2-benzisothiazoles by acetic anhydride in pyridine. 3-(2-Methylthiophenyl)-1,2-benzisothiazole, prepared by this method, has been further converted into the 1,2-benzisothiazolo[2,3-b]-1,2-benzisothiazolium system. The phenylhydrazones of certain 2-acylthioanisoles are also cyclized by polyphosphoric acid to 2-(2-methylthio)phenylindoles, which are further converted into benzo[b]thieno[3,2-b]indoles by demethylation and oxidation.

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43

Koubachi, Jamal, Nabil El Brahmi, Gérald Guillaumet, and Saïd El Kazzouli. "Oxidative Alkenylation of Fused Bicyclic Heterocycles." European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2019, no. 15 (2019): 2568–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201900199.

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44

Taylor, Edward C. "Novel cycloaddition routes to fused heterocycles." Bulletin des Sociétés Chimiques Belges 97, no. 8-9 (2010): 599–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bscb.19880970803.

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Ye, Zenghui, Mingruo Ding, Yanqi Wu, Yong Li, Wenkai Hua, and Fengzhi Zhang. "Electrochemical synthesis of 1,2,4-triazole-fused heterocycles." Green Chemistry 20, no. 8 (2018): 1732–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7gc03739b.

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Sousa, Joana L. C., Hélio M. T. Albuquerque, Armando J. D. Silvestre, and Artur M. S. Silva. "Decoration of A-Ring of a Lupane-Type Triterpenoid with Different Oxygen and Nitrogen Heterocycles." Molecules 27, no. 15 (2022): 4904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27154904.

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Betulinic acid (BA) was used as starting building block to create a library of novel BA-derived compounds containing O- and N-heterocycles. Firstly, BA was converted into methyl betulonate (BoOMe), which was used as intermediate in the developed methodologies. 1,2-Oxazine-fused BoOMe compounds were obtained in 12–25% global yields through a Michael addition of nitromethane to methyl (E)-2-benzylidenebetulonate derivatives, followed by nitro group reduction and intramolecular cyclization. Remarkably, the triterpene acts as a diastereoselective inducer in the conjugate addition of nitromethane,

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Shokol, Tatyana, Oleg Lozinski, Natalia Gorbulenko, and Volodymyr Khilya. "The synthesis of angular heteroarenochromones based on 7-hydroxy-8-carbonylchromones." French-Ukrainian Journal of Chemistry 5, no. 2 (2017): 68–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/fujcv5i2p68-94.

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The present review highlights advanced strategies to the synthesis of the chromones annulated with O- and N-containing heterocycles at C(7)-C(8) bond. Due to the prevalence of such motives in different kinds of natural flavonoids and some alkaloids, fused chromones have attracted a great deal of attention so far. On the other hand a wide range of biological activities is displayed by the compounds of this type both among naturally occurring flavonoids and their synthetic analogues. 8-Carbonyl-7-hydroxychromones proved to be versatile synthones for the synthesis of angular hetarenochromones via

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M, Heravi; Majid, and L. Mohammadkhani. "Synthesis of various N-heterocycles using the four-component Ugi reaction." Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry 131 (May 14, 2019): 351–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aihch.2019.04.001.

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Nowadays, among synthetic organic chemists, the Ugi four-component reaction (U-4CR), is known as the most important and useful isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions (IMCRs); since it allows the rapid and straightforward synthesis of the linear peptide backbone. U-4CR, actually is the condensation reaction involving, an isocyanide, an aldehyde, an amine, and a carboxylic acid leading to the formation of the corresponding adduct. Significantly, this adduct can be cyclized through a suitable posttransformation, resulting in the construction of different heterocyclic systems containing nitroge

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M, Heravi; Majid, and L. Mohammadkhani. "Synthesis of Various N-heterocycles Using the Ugi Four-Center Three-Component Reaction." ChemistrySelect 4, no. 34 (2019): 10187–96. https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.201902029.

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Ugi four-center three-component reaction (U-4 C-3CR) as actually an important development of the well-known Ugi four-component reaction (U-4CR). In U-4 C-3CR, one of the components is bifunctional, reducing the components of U-4CR to three components. This review aims to provide the application of U-4 C-3CR in the synthesis of different N-heterocyclic compounds with four-, five-, six-, and seven-membered rings as well as fused heterocycles.

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Gao, Haixiang, Qinghua Zhang, and Jean'ne M. Shreeve. "Fused heterocycle-based energetic materials (2012–2019)." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 8 (2020): 4193–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta12704f.

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