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1
McLaughlin, Terence. "Psychology and mental health politics : a critical history of the Hearing Voices Movement." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311288.
2
Morelen, Diana M., Rena Menke, Katherine Lisa Rosenblum, Marjorie Beeghl, and Maria Muzik. "Understanding Bidirectional Mother-Infant Affective Displays across Contexts: Effects of Maternal Maltreatment History and Postpartum Depression and PTSD Symptoms." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1159/000448376.
Abstract:
Background: This study examined the bidirectional nature of mother-infant positive and negative emotional displays during social interactions across multiple tasks among postpartum women accounting for childhood maltreatment severity. Additionally, effects of maternal postpartum psychopathology on maternal affect and effects of task and emotional valence on dyadic emotional displays were evaluated. Sampling and Methods: A total of 192 mother-infant dyads (51% male infants) were videotaped during free play and the Still-Face paradigm at 6 months postpartum. Mothers reported on trauma history and postpartum depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Reliable, masked coders scored maternal and infant positive and negative affect from the videotaped interactions. Results: Three path models evaluated whether dyadic affective displays were primarily mother driven, infant driven, or bidirectional in nature, adjusting for mothers' maltreatment severity and postpartum psychopathology. The bidirectional model had the best fit. Child maltreatment severity predicted depression and PTSD symptoms, and maternal symptoms predicted affective displays (both positive and negative), but the pattern differed for depressive symptoms compared to PTSD symptoms. Emotional valence and task altered the nature of bidirectional affective displays. Conclusions: The results add to our understanding of dyadic affective exchanges in the context of maternal risk (childhood maltreatment history, postpartum symptoms of depression and PTSD). Findings highlight postpartum depression symptoms as one mechanism of risk transmission from maternal maltreatment history to impacted parent-child interactions. Limitations include reliance on self-reported psychological symptoms and that the sample size prohibited testing of moderation analyses. Developmental and clinical implications are discussed.
3
Haywood-Niler, Elizabeth. "Coping and its relationship to current distress, optimism, chronic stress and psychiatric history /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487694702781455.
4
Zullo, Valentino L. "FREUDIAN STRIPS: COMICS, MENTAL HEALTH, AND THE “PSYCHOLOGIZATION OF AMERICA”." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1586725663979058.
5
Carrion, Carla Torres Pereira. "Desalinhados : uma história do Hospital Adauto Botelho e das memórias que ali habitam." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2011. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/6724.
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Previous issue date: 2011-08-12There is no unique history of madness nor unique way to tell each history. We write here one of the possible histories of Adauto Botelho Psychiatric Hospital (since the 10th of May of 2011 this hospital is called Hospital Estadual de Atenção Clínica HEAC), located in Espírito Santo, Brazil. What matters here is not the accuracy of a timeline, but the flow of speeches and practices. Therefore, we have analysed 102 medical charts of Adauto Botelho Hospital and interviewed 4 hospital employees. We have researched the period from 1954 until 1990. During and after the research, we have discussed the following points: 1. The ways of referring patients to the hospital and how the police was part of this process. 2. The Hospital s Therapeutics, how moralizing they could be and the way they were mirrored on the patients bodies. 3. The struggles and resistances of people who lived and worked in the Hospital. Among the discussion of all these issues, we bring some short histories about the patients, employees and their lives in the hospital. There is no doubt that there are many other questions to discuss, but we write here about what seems to be more intense in the researched material
Não existe uma única história da loucura e da psiquiatria, nem uma única forma de contar cada história. Sabendo disso, o presente trabalho trata de uma história do Hospital Adauto Botelho (desde 10 de maio de 2010, Hospital Estadual de Atenção Clínica Heac), localizado em Cariacica município da Região Metropolitana da Grande Vitória no Espírito Santo. Trazemos essa história não a partir de uma linha do tempo que narre acontecimentos de cada época. Buscamos a fluidez dos discursos e das práticas em lugar da precisão das datas. E, sobre esses discursos e essas práticas, o próprio Hospital tem muito a apresentar, por meio dos prontuários médicos datados desde a inauguração em 1954 e de depoimentos de pessoas que lá tenham trabalhado. Foram analisados 102 prontuários e entrevistadas 4 pessoas. A pesquisa dos prontuários e a realização das entrevistas possibilitaram a discussão as seguintes questões: 1. As formas de encaminhamento dos pacientes para o hospital e o modo como a polícia se inseria nesse processo; 2. As terapêuticas do hospital, seu aspecto moralizante e o modo como elas incidiam sobre os corpos; 3. As lutas e resistências que se presentificavam no cotidiano do hospital. Todas essas questões são o tempo inteiro atravessadas por breves histórias de vidas dos pacientes ali internados e dos funcionários que narraram as vivências no hospital. Não há dúvida de que há inúmeras outras questões a serem debatidas, mas aqui falamos do que nos pareceu mais intenso no material pesquisado
6
Carvalho, Rosa Cristina Maria de 1979. "Atuação do artista plastico no ambiente psiquiatrico : a experiencia do Juqueri na decada de 50." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/284676.
Abstract:
Orientador: Lucia Helena ReilyDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes
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Resumo: Esta pesquisa discute a participação dos artistas plásticos Maria Leontina, Clélia Rocha e Moacyr de Vicentis Rocha na formação do Setor de Artes Plásticas dentro do Hospital psiquiátrico de Juqueri, o qual ficou conhecido como Escola Livre de Artes Plásticas em 1956. O estudo de documentos como livros, artigos de jornal, cartas e fotos possibilitaram a identificação e descrição das atividades artísticas nesse setor e a compreensão do diálogo entre saúde e arte promovido dos anos 1930 aos anos 50 pelo médico, intelectual e crítico de arte Osório Thaumaturgo Cesar. As entrevistas realizadas com parentes e amigos do artista Moacyr Rocha e estudiosos do assunto permitiram a construção de uma narrativa sobre a maneira como os artistas compreendiam o trabalho de artes no ambiente hospitalar. Os resultados mostraram a responsabilidade dos artistas na formação do ateliê no espaço hospitalar, pois ao trazerem os materiais mais apropriados para a realização das atividades, ao ensinarem a linguagem do desenho, pintura, gravura, escultura e cerâmica aos alienados, ao instaurarem um espaço expositivo dentro da seção de artes, eles mostraram que a produção dos alienados, incentivada inicialmente por psiquiatras, merecia a atenção e dedicação dos profissionais da arte. Os três artistas focalizados neste estudo reconheceram a importância da experiência de ateliê hospitalar para a sua vida profissional, ao concretizarem a possibilidade de conhecer novos meios de criação artística no espaço do hospital psiquiátrico.
Abstract: This study discusses the participation of the visual artists Maria Leontina, Clélia Rocha and Moacyr de Vicentis Rocha in the Arts Sector inside the Juqueri Psychiatric Hospital, that by 1956 became known as the Escola Livre de Artes Plásticas. This is a documentary study using books, newspaper articles, correspondence and photographs that enabled us to identify and describe the artistic activities that were proposed in this sector. This material also helps us understand how Osório Thaumaturgo César, medical doctor, intellectual and art critic, promoted a dialogue between the fields of art and health from the nineteen thirties through the fifties. Interviews with Moacyr Rochas's relatives and friends and with other researchers studying this period enabled us to build a narrative about how the artists understood the making of art within the hospital context. The results demonstrated the artists' role in the development of the art workshop in the hospital setting. As they brought materials that were more appropriate for visual arts productions, as they taught the patients about the language of drawing, painting, printmaking, sculpture and ceramics, as they established exhibition spaces within the Arts Section, they were able to show that the production of the alienated men and women, which at first had been mainly a concern of psychiatrists, was worth the attention and dedication of arts professionals. The three visual artists focused in this study recognized the importance of the experience of a workshop in the hospital for their professional lives as artists, as they promoted new means of artistic creation within the psychiatric hospital setting.
Mestrado
Mestre em Artes
7
Linden, Alannah. "An exploratory study of psychiatric symptoms in intellectually disabled people with and without a known history of sexual abuse." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14333.
Abstract:
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-74).Current research shows that people with intellectual disabilities display psychiatric symptoms which are often similar to those found in the general population. Furthermore, some literature has found that psychiatric difficulties in the intellectually disabled population can manifest in atypical forms which differ from those exhibited in the general population. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms in the intellectually disabled population in South Africa. This particular study formed part of a larger project looking at trauma in a sample of intellectually disabled people. The PAS-ADD Checklist, which consists of two sections, was administered to a sample of caregivers of intellectually disabled people with and without a known history of sexual abuse. The data was analysed using non-parametric statistical tests. The first section of the instrument focused on the potentially traumatic life events that were reported by the caregivers and it was found that the group of individuals with a history of sexual assault had experienced more of these in comparison with the control group. The second section consisted of statements which were designed to elicit psychiatric symptoms on three subscales namely, possible organic condition, affective or neurotic disorder and psychotic disorder. The results showed that the total sample had a fairly high overall prevalence rate of psychiatric symptoms. In particular, the group with a History of Sexual Abuse obtained significantly higher scores on the affective/neurotic subscale when compared with the control group. There were also significant differences between the groups on the organic condition with the History of Sexual Abuse Group showing a higher prevalence of symptoms. The groups also differed on the psychotic disorder with the group who had a History of Sexual Abuse obtaining a higher score, although this was not statistically significant. The implications of the findings suggest that people with an intellectual disability who have a History of Sexual Abuse display an increased rate of psychiatric symptoms, particularly on the affective/neurotic spectrum. Whilst the findings generated from this study are in line with much of the international literature around the relationship between potentially traumatic life events and a high prevalence of affective symptoms in the intellectually disabled population, there is still a dearth of research in this area in South Africa.
8
Nabors, Erik Stephen Heilbrun Kirk. "Risk and protective factors for suicide attempt and self-harm in individuals with a history of psychiatric hospitalization /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2004. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/335.
9
Belmonte, Pilar. "História da homossexualidade: ciência e contra-ciência no Rio de Janeiro (1970-2000)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2009. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/6145.
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Previous issue date: 2009Esta tese analisa as representações em torno da homossexualidade presentes no discurso científico e contra-científico entre os anos de 1970 a 2000, no Rio de Janeiro, em torno das áreas da psiquiatria e da psicologia. As fontes primárias científicas referem-se às teses e dissertações produzidas na Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro e na Pontifícia Universidade Católica, bem como artigos do Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria. A produção contra-científica refere-se a textos publicados nas revistas Rádice, Luta & Prazer e Orgón. Para esta análise apresenta-se tanto a discussão científica internacional e nacional sobre a homossexualidade elaborada, principalmente, em fins do século XIX e ao longo do século XX, quanto a influência da contracultura e dos movimentos sociais em nosso país, no período dos anos de 1960 a 1980. O que se pode observar é que a homossexualidade foi representada de forma ambígua tanto na produção científica quanto na produção contra científica, ora associando, ora desvinculado, a homossexualidade à ideia de patologia. Além disso, há uma maior ênfase em explicações psicológicas, calcadas na teoria psicanalítica, em detrimento de justificativas biológicas. Na produção contra-científica foi predominante o discurso em torno do livre arbítrio quanto à opção sexual .
10
Smith, Courtney E. "Influence of Parental Substance Abuse on Substance Use and Psychiatric Severity in Drug-Dependent Pregnant Women." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/2393.
11
Rocha, Gilberto Santos da. "Entre fronteiras: estudo das relações entre a psiquiatria e a psicanálise." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2005. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7628.
Abstract:
A tese pretende fazer uma abordagem histórica das relações desenvolvidas entre o pensamento psiquiátrico e psicanalítico, com o intuito de responder por que a demanda pela clínica psicanalítica no Rio de Janeiro entrou em declínio. Responderemos a essa questão pela via do debate das tentativas de fundamentação da etiologia do sofrimento mental através da perspectiva psicológica e biológica. Para podermos pensar em que contexto histórico alguns modelos e demandas podem ter contribuído para explicar a diminuição da procura pela técnica psicanalítica na atualidade, o trabalho foi dividido em quatro capítulos. Desde o início da psiquiatria, com Pinel, até a atualidade, os capítulos enfocam um período histórico e a ordem discursiva predominante. Acompanhando historicamente essas ordens discursivas (biológica e psicológica), acabamos demonstrando, com esta tese, as mudanças sofridas na leitura das causas do sofrimento psíquico desde o século XIX até os dias de hoje.This tesis aims at providing a historical approach of relationships developed between the psychiatric and psychoanalytic thought in order to explain why the demand for psychoanalytic support has been declining in Rio de Janeiro. An answer shall be reached by means of a discussion between the groundwork attempts of mental suffering etiology. To make us reflect in wich historical context some models and demands may have contributed to explain the reduction in the demand for the psychoanalytic technique at present, the work herein was divided into four chapters. Since the early days of psychiatry with Pinel until now, the chapters focus on a historical period and its prevailing discursive order. Historically keeping up with the prevalence of these discursive orders ( biological and psychological), we wrap up this work by demonstrating the changes occurred in the causes of psychic suffering from the beginning of XIX century to the present.
12
Leff, Channah A. "Diagnostic Divisions of Eating Disorders: A Critical Analysis." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7049.
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The objective of this thesis is to critically examine the diagnostic divisions of eating disorders as proposed within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). I focus on Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge Eating Disorder, and Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder (OSFED), although there were several new categories issued in 2013. Using person-centered ethnographic interviews, focus groups, participant observation, and autoethnography, I collected qualitative data to highlight how disordered eaters perceive themselves and their behaviors in relation to their diagnoses. I recruited participants in Boston, MA from Eating Disorders Anonymous (EDA), a decentralized network of support groups for disordered eaters. Subjects in my study, as well as from EDA at large, have a wide variety of diagnoses. Building off anthropologies of the pathological body, embodiment, medicalization and neuroanthropology, I highlight how predominant scripts of mental illness in both popular media and science shape the ways that disordered eaters understand their pathological behaviors. I also examine the historical and contemporary evolution of eating disorder theory within the psychological literature, offering a reflexive approach to the theoretical foundations within the field. Interweaving psychological literature reviews with ethnographic data, I demonstrate that disordered eaters do not fit as straightforwardly into diagnostic categories as presumed. Instead, findings indicate that individuals express different combinations of symptoms that range across diagnostic divisions.
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Serra, Lia Novaes. "Infância perdida: a concepção de \"menores anormais\" na obra de Pacheco e Silva." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47134/tde-31082011-122307/.
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A pesquisa busca analisar a concepção de menores anormais na produção científica do psiquiatra paulista Antônio Carlos Pacheco e Silva, na década de 30, no estado de São Paulo. A maior parte do material analisado encontra-se no acervo do Museu Histórico Prof. Carlos da Silva Lacaz, da FMUSP. Privilegiou-se, como recorte crítico de leitura, os escritos do psiquiatra que direta ou indiretamente discutem a infância. Porta-voz decisivo dos ideais da ciência médica do período, Pacheco e Silva teve grande importância para a institucionalização da psiquiatria no estado de São Paulo, baseando-se nos preceitos da higiene mental e da eugenia. Pode-se afirmar que o discurso sobre a anormalidade infantil, proveniente de Pacheco e Silva, estava em consonância com a preocupação política estadual de higienização da população, o que pressupunha vigiar e restringir a circulação social das crianças que, por sua condição econômica e/ou racial, não condiziam com o modelo desejado pelos higienistas. A expressão menores anormais aplicava-se às crianças de camadas econômicas mais baixas que se achavam em condições de inferioridade intelectual, moral, afetiva ou sensorial. A Escola Pacheco e Silva no Hospital do Juquery tornou-se destino institucional para parte dessas criançasThis research aims to assess the concept of abnormal underages in the scientific writings of Antônio Carlos Pacheco e Silva, an important psychiatrist and active public health policy maker at Sao Paulo State during the 1930s. Most part of the researched documentation belong to the collection of Museu Histórico Prof. Carlos da Silva Lacaz, da FMUSP. As a critical approach to this rich material, our research focused mostly Pacheco e Silvas writings related to childhood. The psychiatrist, a strong spreader of medical science ideology of that time, had a decisive role in the institutional setting of psychiatry within Sao Paulo State health system. His scientific principles concerned the ideas of mental hygiene and eugenics, and his discourse on childhood abnormality was in line with the local state political concerns of population sanitation. That implied supervision control and social restriction of children who, whether for economical or social conditions, didnt fit the desired hygienist model. Thus, the expression abnormal underages was used in order to designate children from lower economical layers who were considered to have lower intellectual, moral, affective or sensory capacities. The Pacheco e Silva school, at Hospital do Juquery, became a central institutional destination for most part of those children
14
Oliveira, Sandra Paula da Silva Santos de. "A loucura no outro: Um contributo para o estudo do impacto da loucura no profissional de saúde mental." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Coimbra, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/1657.
Abstract:
Propomo-nos ao longo deste trabalho reflectir sobre como a doença mental grave, a patologia psicótica, é experienciada e vivenciada pelos profissionais de saúde, sendo que para tal delineamos um traçado de investigação que, não só procura aceder descritivamente às suas atitudes e opiniões acerca desta patologia específica, como procura ainda explorar dinamicamente os complexos processos envolvidos no dizer e sentir de quem cuida de dores psíquicas tão intensas. Associado a estes objectivos, acrescemos o particular interesse na análise e compreensão da potencial variabilidade dos aspectos sócio - culturais, tão frequentemente presentes nas respostas e posturas atitudinais de sujeitos pertencentes a nacionalidades e culturas diferenciadas.
Assim sendo, partindo de duas amostras independentes de profissionais de saúde mental (psicólogos, assistentes sociais e enfermeiros) das nacionalidades portuguesa e norte - americana, aplicamos um protocolo de instrumentos que integra, além de um breve questionário de caracterização sócio - demográfica e de percurso académico e profissional, a Escala de Opiniões sobre a Doença Mental de Cohen & Struening (1962) e a Escala de Diferencial Semântico de Osgood, Suci & Tannenbaum (1957).
Verificamos que, quer os profissionais de psicologia portugueses, como os psicólogos norte - americanos são quem expressam, face à doença mental grave, as atitudes de natureza mais autoritária e restritiva (comparativamente com os seus colegas das outras "classes" profissionais). Semelhante atitude é demonstrada pelos profissionais que possuem experiência clínica com patologias psiquiátricas graves (em ambas as nacionalidades).
Constatamos também que a doença mental grave, representada por conceitos a si associáveis (seja a nível nosográfico, como a nível das emoções e vivências potencialmente despertas por esta doença), suscita invariavelmente, por parte dos sujeitos das nossas duas amostras, respostas de carácter fundamentalmente afectivo.
Sob uma base comparativa de ambas as amostras de profissionais concluímos que os sujeitos norte - americanos expressam níveis mais elevados de atitudes autoritárias e restritivas do que os seus homólogos portugueses. Não obstante este facto, revelam-se paralelamente mais confiantes na qualidade e tipo de intervenção/ tratamentos psiquiátricos disponíveis para este tipo de pacientes.
Os resultados obtidos a partir da Escala de Diferencial Semântico indicam-nos, igualmente, que os conceitos incluídos neste estudo (relacionáveis com a doença mental grave enquanto entidade nosográfica, e relacionáveis com as emoções/ vivências por ela potencialmente despertas), tendem a ser ponderados, pelos técnicos de nacionalidade norte - americana, de uma forma claramente mais avaliativa e cognitiva do que os profissionais portugueses (que, em termos comparativos fazem antes evidenciar respostas predominantemente afectivas).
Finalmente, é confirmada, na presente investigação, a franca e inequívoca importância exercida pela variável nacionalidade, enquanto componente determinante e predictora de parte bastante razoável dos resultados encontrados. ------ ABSTRACT ------ Through this work we intend to reflect on how the severe mental illness, the pshychotic pathology, is experienced and lived by health professionals. For that we established an investigation that, not only tries to grant a description of attitudes and opinions, on this specific pathology, but also pretends to explore, in a dynamic way, the complex processes involved in the saying and feeling of those who look after such deep mental grieves.
Associated with these purposes, we add the particular interest in the analysis and understanding of the potential variability of social / cultural aspects, so frequently present in the answers and attitudinal postures of subjects belonging to different nationalities and cultures. Thus, we started with two different independent samples of mental health professionals (psychologist, social - workers and nurses) from Portugal and U.S. A.; we used a protocol that included, besides a brief questionnaire, of social demographic characterization, and of the professional and academic background, «The Scale of Opinions about the Mental Illness » by Cohen & Struening (1962) and « The Scale of Semantic Differential » by Osgood, Suci & Tannenbaum (1957).
We saw that, both Portuguese and North - Americans psychologists express, towards the mental illness, the most authoritarians and restrictive attitudes ( compared with those of their colleagues of other professional groups ). A similar attitude was showed by professionals that have clinical experience with serious psychiatric pathologies (in both nationalities).
We also saw that the serious mental illness, represented by related concepts (either on a nosographic basis, or on the emotions and experiences caused by this illness) it invariably produces on the subjects of two samples, answers of a fundamentally affective character.
On a comparative basis of both professional's samples we can conclude that the North - Americans express higher levels of authoritarian and restrictive attitudes than the Portuguese. Despite that fact, they are also more confident on the quality and kind of intervention / pshychiatric treatment available for this kind of patients.
The results obtained from the Semantic Differential Scale also showed us, that the concepts included in this work (related with the severe mental illness as a nosographic entity and related with the emotions / experiences caused by it) tend to be considered, by the U. S. technicians, on a clearly more cognitive and evaluative way than by the Portuguese professionals (that, comparatively enphazise emotional answers).
Finally, it is confirmed, in the present investigation, the frank and undeniable importance of the variable nationality, while determinant and predictable component of a considerable part of the results found.
15
Smith, Kendal. "The History of Psychiatry." The University of Arizona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626599.
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Oliveira, Sandra Paula da Silva Santos de. "A loucura no outro : um contributo para o estudo do impacto da loucura no profissional de Saúde Mental." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Coimbra, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/983.
Abstract:
Propomo-nos ao longo deste trabalho reflectir sobre como a doença mental grave, a patologia psicótica, é experienciada e vivenciada pelos profissionais de saúde, sendo que para tal delineamos um traçado de investigação que, não só procura aceder descritivamente às suas atitudes e opiniões acerca desta patologia específica, como procura ainda explorar dinamicamente os complexos processos envolvidos no dizer e sentir de quem cuida de dores psíquicas tão intensas. Associado a estes objectivos, acrescemos o particular interesse na análise e compreensão da potencial variabilidade dos aspectos sócio - culturais, tão frequentemente presentes nas respostas e posturas atitudinais de sujeitos pertencentes a nacionalidades e culturas diferenciadas.
Assim sendo, partindo de duas amostras independentes de profissionais de saúde mental (psicólogos, assistentes sociais e enfermeiros) das nacionalidades portuguesa e norte - americana, aplicamos um protocolo de instrumentos que integra, além de um breve questionário de caracterização sócio - demográfica e de percurso académico e profissional, a Escala de Opiniões sobre a Doença Mental de Cohen & Struening (1962) e a Escala de Diferencial Semântico de Osgood, Suci & Tannenbaum (1957).
Verificamos que, quer os profissionais de psicologia portugueses, como os psicólogos norte - americanos são quem expressam, face à doença mental grave, as atitudes de natureza mais autoritária e restritiva (comparativamente com os seus colegas das outras "classes" profissionais). Semelhante atitude é demonstrada pelos profissionais que possuem experiência clínica com patologias psiquiátricas graves (em ambas as nacionalidades).
Constatamos também que a doença mental grave, representada por conceitos a si associáveis (seja a nível nosográfico, como a nível das emoções e vivências potencialmente despertas por esta doença), suscita invariavelmente, por parte dos sujeitos das nossas duas amostras, respostas de carácter fundamentalmente afectivo.
Sob uma base comparativa de ambas as amostras de profissionais concluímos que os sujeitos norte - americanos expressam níveis mais elevados de atitudes autoritárias e restritivas do que os seus homólogos portugueses. Não obstante este facto, revelam-se paralelamente mais confiantes na qualidade e tipo de intervenção/ tratamentos psiquiátricos disponíveis para este tipo de pacientes.
Os resultados obtidos a partir da Escala de Diferencial Semântico indicam-nos, igualmente, que os conceitos incluídos neste estudo (relacionáveis com a doença mental grave enquanto entidade nosográfica, e relacionáveis com as emoções/ vivências por ela potencialmente despertas), tendem a ser ponderados, pelos técnicos de nacionalidade norte - americana, de uma forma claramente mais avaliativa e cognitiva do que os profissionais portugueses (que, em termos comparativos fazem antes evidenciar respostas predominantemente afectivas).
Finalmente, é confirmada, na presente investigação, a franca e inequívoca importância exercida pela variável nacionalidade, enquanto componente determinante e predictora de parte bastante razoável dos resultados encontrados. ------ ABSTRACT ------ Through this work we intend to reflect on how the severe mental illness, the pshychotic pathology, is experienced and lived by health professionals. For that we established an investigation that, not only tries to grant a description of attitudes and opinions, on this specific pathology, but also pretends to explore, in a dynamic way, the complex processes involved in the saying and feeling of those who look after such deep mental grieves.
Associated with these purposes, we add the particular interest in the analysis and understanding of the potential variability of social / cultural aspects, so frequently present in the answers and attitudinal postures of subjects belonging to different nationalities and cultures. Thus, we started with two different independent samples of mental health professionals (psychologist, social - workers and nurses) from Portugal and U.S. A.; we used a protocol that included, besides a brief questionnaire, of social demographic characterization, and of the professional and academic background, «The Scale of Opinions about the Mental Illness » by Cohen & Struening (1962) and « The Scale of Semantic Differential » by Osgood, Suci & Tannenbaum (1957).
We saw that, both Portuguese and North - Americans psychologists express, towards the mental illness, the most authoritarians and restrictive attitudes ( compared with those of their colleagues of other professional groups ). A similar attitude was showed by professionals that have clinical experience with serious psychiatric pathologies (in both nationalities).
We also saw that the serious mental illness, represented by related concepts (either on a nosographic basis, or on the emotions and experiences caused by this illness) it invariably produces on the subjects of two samples, answers of a fundamentally affective character.
On a comparative basis of both professional's samples we can conclude that the North - Americans express higher levels of authoritarian and restrictive attitudes than the Portuguese. Despite that fact, they are also more confident on the quality and kind of intervention / pshychiatric treatment available for this kind of patients.
The results obtained from the Semantic Differential Scale also showed us, that the concepts included in this work (related with the severe mental illness as a nosographic entity and related with the emotions / experiences caused by it) tend to be considered, by the U. S. technicians, on a clearly more cognitive and evaluative way than by the Portuguese professionals (that, comparatively enphazise emotional answers).
Finally, it is confirmed, in the present investigation, the frank and undeniable importance of the variable nationality, while determinant and predictable component of a considerable part of the results found.
17
Hackett, Jennifer Parker. "AN EXAMINATION OF THE IMPACT TRAUMATIC EVENTS HAS ON PSYCHOSOCIAL IMPAIRMENT IN EATING DISORDER PATIENTS." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/664.
Abstract:
Research suggests that trauma has an impact on eating disorders. While prior research has demonstrated that the trauma from abuse has a significant impact on eating disorders, research has failed to explore other types of trauma. In addition, previous studies have stopped short of examining the impact trauma has on functioning among individuals with an eating disorder. This study aimed to address that gap in the literature. The purpose of this study is to examine whether traumatic life events impact psychosocial functioning among individuals living with an eating disorder. Furthermore, this study aimed to identify which traumas are shown to have the strongest impact on psychosocial functioning.
A quantitative design was used for this investigation, using measurement scales that have been shown to be valid and reliable in measuring the constructs of trauma and psychosocial functioning among individuals with an eating disorder. Participants completed a single survey of the combined measurement scales. A non-random purposive sample was collected from online social media cites Tumblr, Facebook, eating disorder message boards, and an outpatient eating disorder treatment center. Using a study sample of N= 2,319 descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted using SPSS. Based on the results of correlation and multiple regression analyses, a statistically significant relationship was found between traumatic life events and psychosocial impairment among those with eating disorders. The findings of this study have the potential to impact the way social work policies address the relationship between trauma and eating disorders, and influence the way social work clinicians implement strategies to treat both trauma and eating psychopathology.
18
Long, Shannon Rene. "PRESERVING, INTERPRETING, AND DISPLAYING MENTAL HEALTH HISTORY: ESTABLISHING THE PATTON STATE HOSPITAL MUSEUM AND ARCHIVE." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/209.
Abstract:
There are few museums in the western half of the United States that provide an opportunity to educate the public about the history of mental health care. Recently, a mental health museum and archive of artifacts, photographs, and documents was established on the grounds of Patton State Hospital in Highland, California. The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the establishment of this museum and archive and to provide an account of the 125 year history of Patton State Hospital. Understanding the history of Patton provides an opportunity to understand the history of mental health care in the United States from the late 19th century to the present. The establishment of this museum and archive became a joint initiative between Patton and California State University, San Bernardino’s History Department in January 2014. The museum and archive are meant to provide an educational venue that will increase awareness of the plight of the mentally ill, decrease stigmatization of those afflicted with mental illness, and further efforts to improve the care of patients through preservation and display of the artifacts, photographs, and documents related to Patton’s history. The goal of this paper is to assist future public historians with the design and establishment of a museum and/or archive, be it related to mental health history or to projects with other themes, and to provide information to other mental health facilities that wish to establish their own museums.
19
Lin, Jennifer. "Towards A New Paradigm in Psychiatry." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2019. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/honors_theses/132.
Abstract:
The reductionist tenets of the biomedical model of mental illness generate research methods and clinical practices that neglect significant cultural elements of mental illness. The biomedical model is reductionist because it assumes a view of the mind that lends itself to biological reductionism. Developing a more holistic model of mental illness requires replacing the accepted view of mind with a new one. In this paper, research demonstrating the significance of culture to mental illness will be reviewed in order to illuminate the flaws of the biomedical model. The extended mind theory will be analyzed and discussed as a potential basis for the development of a new paradigm within psychiatry, one which transcends the reductionist tendencies of the biomedical model.
20
Rackett, Tim. "Transcultural psychiatry and the truth of racism." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318650.
Abstract:
This thesis examines contemporary British transcultural psychiatry and the consequences of its practices for multi-cultural populations in metropolitan situations. It uses a combined methodology of conceptuaL textual analyses and participant observation, to explore how transcultural psychiatry constructs relationships between culture and mental disorders. In particular it examines the complexity of defining normality and pathology in this area. The intellectual origins of transcultural psychiatry in the context of colonial medical practice are explored with two aims in mind. First to show historically how the present-day theories and practices of transcultural psychiatry came into being. Second, to present an alternative picture to that painted of transcultural psychiatry by its critics. The critics see it as a racist ideology and form of domination that is forced to repeat colonial oppression in post-colonial situations. A series of case studies of key colonial psychiatrists, Laubscher, Corothers and Octave MannonL is presented to explore the logics and models of transcultural psychiatry. This exploration shows how the status and nature of transcultural psychiatry is far more intricate and ambiguous than its critics moral and political understanding can allow. This is underscored by a detailed examination of the thought of the first anti-racist revolutionary cultural psychiatrist Frantz Fanon. The role of Fanon's ideas in shaping contemporary transcultural psychiatry is explored. Ironically, Fanon's models inspire both the anti-racist ethics of transcultural psychiatry and those who are radically opposed to any psychiatric intervention. Fieldwork observations of transcultural clinicalpractice and its alternatives point to the complexity of the ways in which ethicaL political and intellectual models are used when psychiatrists attempt to tell the truth about racism and madness in society and cure the suffering of ethnic patients
21
Lundberg, Chris, and Fredrik Kataja. "Socialpsykiatrins tillblivelse och fortlevnad : Att lära av historien kring vårdbemötande." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-36874.
Abstract:
Bakgrund. Innan dess att svensk psykiatri genomgick övergripande förändringar genomsyrades mentalhälsovården av olika psykologiska teorier vilka sedermera kom till att utgöra väsentliga beståndsdelar inom den “vårdkulturella revolutionens” fundament. Detta utmynnade därefter i svensk socialpsykiatris tillblivelse varigenom dessa försöksverksamheters väl fungerande praxis och kunskaper till synes har glömts bort genom åren. Metod. När, varför och hur har det gått från att vårdgivare/klient-relationen tidigare har betraktats vara “god” till att i dessa dagar te sig “avhumaniserad”? Hur var denna relation förr, hur är den i dag och hur kan den förslagsvis göras bättre framöver? För att kunna besvara detta tas en närmare blick, genom manifest kvalitativ innehållsanalys med konventionell (induktiv) ansats, på svensk hälso- och sjukvård emellan åren 1960–1980 såväl som en om än konkretiserad djupdykning ned i 1970-talets “nya psykiatri” och socialpsykiatriska försöksverksamheter. Resultat. Vägarna till utformandet av en vårdvärnande relation emellan vårdgivare och klient återfinns inom vårdgivarens bemötande och tillvägagångsätt gentemot klienten. Vad som fordras är en tillitsfull atmosfär och att bådadera parterna upprätthåller kontinuerlig kontakt (Gustafsson, 2010) vari tid bistår med goda förutsättningar i utformningen av funktionella tillika utvecklande allianser (Topor & Denhov, 2012). För att brukarinflytande skall fungera under förebyggande arbete, i led om att i största möjliga mån ta uti klienters problematik, krävs ett krispsykoterapeutiskt förhållningssätt och vetskap om psykisk kris genom vilka genuin närvaro uppnås (Cullberg, 1974). Forskning visar även tydligt att vad som behövs vid vårdbemötande är genuin närvaro, medmänsklig förståelse och rak kommunikation: att inte bara se människan, utan även att förstå vad just denna kris innebär för just denna individ såväl som att klientens beteende sett till sin helhet och vad som inte uttrycks säger så mycket mer än vad ord kan någonsin beskriva. Slutsats. Empirin antyder att aktuell forskning anmärker vad som fungerar bra och mindre bra, om inte alls, i relation till vårdbemötande är för all del bra. Men vad om nordisk socialpsykiatris pionjärer såsom Berggren, Cullberg och Haugsgjerd? Aktuell forskning refererar inte till någondera och deras arv tycks vara bortglömt. Så vad om all den kunskap och insikt som förvärvades och införlivades vid tidigare försöksverksamheter såsom Cullbergs kristeori och krispsykoterapi? Aktuell forskning refererar heller inte till någotdera och alltsammans tycks ha gått i stöpet. Vad som däremot framgår är att deras visioner tillämpades med mycket goda resultat vid bland annat Nackaprojektet tillika att sagda teori och psykoterapi tycks ha runnit ut i sanden efter verksamhetens nedläggning. Psykologin och psykiatrin, till syvende och sist, rör sig i ett gränsland emellan vetenskap och humaniora däri de, i samvaro med etisk kodex om att all behandling skall vila på “vetenskap och beprövad erfarenhet”, samexisterar i led om att med fumliga försök fånga livets komplexiteter. Men vart någonstans bör gränsdragningen gå emellan “vetenskaplig professionalitet” och “personlig inlevelse” när man möter någon med psykisk ohälsa, en medmänniska i psykisk kris?Background. Prior to the undertaking of radical changes in Swedish psychiatry, various psychological theories permeated mental healthcare that would subsequently become essential components at the very heart of the “care-cultural revolution.” This subsequently resulted in the creation of Swedish social psychiatry through which trial establishments’ well-functioning praxis and knowledge have, so it seems, been forgotten over the years. Method. How, when and why has it gone from the fact that the caregiver/client-relationship has previously been considered as “good” to in these days feel as though it has become “dehumanized”? How was this relationship in the past, how is it as of today, and how can it be made better for the future? In order to answer this, a closer look, through manifest qualitative content analysis with conventional (inductive) approach, is taken on Swedish health care throughout the 1960s–1980s as well as an elaborate deep dive down into the “new psychiatry” of the 1970s and social psychiatric trial establishments. Result. The paths to the formation of a care-ensuring relationship between caregiver and client are found within caregivers’ attitude and approach towards their clients. What is required is a trusting atmosphere and that both parties maintain continuous contact (Gustafsson, 2010) wherein time provides good conditions in the formation of functional and developing alliances (Topor & Denhov, 2012). In order for user influence to function during preventive work, in line with addressing clients’ problems as much as possible, a crisis psychotherapeutic approach and knowledge of mental crisis is required through which genuine presence is achi-eved (Cullberg, 1974). Research also clearly shows that what is needed during care meetings is genuine presence, compassionate understanding, and straightforward communication: not only to see the person, but also to understand what this particular crisis means for this particular individual as well as that his or her behavior in itself and what is not being expressed says so much more than words can ever describe. Conclusion. Empirical data suggests that current research remarks on what works well and less well, if not at all, in relation to care treatment is certainly good. But what about the pioneers of Nordic social psychiatry like Berggren, Cullberg, and Haugsgjerd? Current research refers to neither and their legacies seem to have been forgotten. So, what about all the know-ledge and insight that was acquired and incorporated in previous experimental activities such as Cullberg's crisis theory and crisis psychotherapy? Current research refers, likewise, to neither and everything seems to have gone down the drain. What is clear, however, is that their visions were applied with very good results in, amongst other things, the Nacka Project as well as that said theory and psychotherapy seem to have faded away following the trial establishment’s closure. Psychology and psychiatry, ultimately, move in a borderland between science and the humanities wherein they, in conjunction with the code of ethics that all treatment is to be based on “science and proven experience,” coexist in line with fumble attempts to capture life’s complexities. But where exactly should the line be drawn between “scientific professionalism” and “personal insight” when meeting someone with mental ill-health, a fellow human being in a mental crisis?
22
Ipser, Jonathan. "The relationship between impulsivity, affect and a history of psychological adversity: a cognitive-affective neuroscience approach." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11554.
Abstract:
There is increasing evidence that trauma exposure is associated with impulsive behaviour and difficulties regulating affect. The findings of recent studies implicate the disruption of neurobiological mechanisms, particularly those involving the neurotransmitter serotonin, in both impulsivity and affect regulation.
23
Guimarães, Jacileide. "Sobre a criação do Hospital Santa Tereza de Ribeirão Preto: outras raízes de uma história." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22131/tde-29012003-104552/.
Abstract:
O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a criação do Hospital Santa Teresa de Ribeirão Preto, no Estado de São Paulo, na década de 40 do século XX. Partiu-se do pressuposto de que a criação deste Hospital não se deveu apenas ao desafogamento do Hospital de Juqueri em São Paulo, mas muito mais marcantemente por questões político-econômicas e sociais locais. O marco teórico foi a história nova por razões dos problemas, objetos e abordagens possibilitados por essa escrita da história, ou seja, a busca pelos interstícios "por acaso" silenciados na história oficial. Os instrumentos de investigação foram três: 1) consulta aos livros de registro dos pacientes dos primeiros cinco anos de funcionamento do Hospital (1944-1948); 2) consulta aos jornais locais disponíveis no Arquivo Público Casa da Memória de Ribeirão Preto de 1937 a 1946; 3) entrevistas semi-estruturadas aos sujeitos ou familiares, no caso do óbito dos primeiros, envolvidos no processo de criação do Hospital Santa Teresa. Portanto, o corte histórico visitado foi, no caso dos jornais, os anos de 1937 a 1946, e, com relação ao registro dos pacientes internados naquele Hospital, os anos de 1944 a 1948. No ato da criação do Hospital Santa Teresa de Ribeirão Preto, verificou-se a presença do dado irrefutável do fenômeno de desafogamento de Juqueri, ou seja, o Hospital abriu com pacientes vindos de lá, tendo inclusive esses pacientes grande contribuição na construção/efetivação do Hospital. Mas os resultados, deste estudo, evidenciam que dois aspectos podem ser acrescentados, por um lado a existência de uma demanda reprimida no que tange à assistência psiquiátrica no município de Ribeirão Preto e região, e por outro lado uma premência sócioeconômica e política, ou em outras palavras, a criação de um Hospital de Alienados em Ribeirão Preto em 1944, foi uma questão eminentemente política, empreendimento do interventor federal do Estado Ademar de Barros e dos resquícios do que na República Velha (1889-1930) tinha sido o eminente Partido Republicano Paulista, porta-voz da política agroexportadora predominante no país.This study aimed at investigating the creation of Ribeirão Preto Santa Teresa Hospital, in São Paulo State, in the decade of 40, century XX. It was presupposed that the creation of this Hospital occurred because of the relief of the Juqueri Hospital in São Paulo but much more remarkably for social, economic and political reasons. The theoretical mark was the new history for reasons of the problems, objects and boardings enabled by this written history, or either, the search for the interstices by chance silenced in the official history. There were three instruments of investigation: 1) consultation to the patient register books on first five years of working of the Hospital (1944-1948); 2) consultation to the available local newspaper in the Public Archive Memory House of Ribeirão Preto from 1937 to 1946; 3) semi-structured interviews to the subjects or relatives, in case of death of the first ones, who were involved in the process of the Santa Teresa Hospital creation. Therefore, the historical cut visited was , in the newspapers case, from 1937 to 1946, and in respect to the register of the interned patients in that Hospital, from 1944 to 1948. In the act of Ribeirão Preto Santa Teresa Hospital creation, the presence of the irrefutable data of the Juqueri relief phenomenon was observed, or either, the Hospital opened with patients from Juqueri, who also brought a great contribution in the construction / effectuation of the Hospital. But the results of this study evidence that two aspects can be added, one of these aspects is the existence of a restrained demand in what refers to the psychiatric assistance in Ribeirão Preto city and region, and the other aspect is a political and socioeconomic pressure, or in other words, the creation of a Hospital of Insane in Ribeirão Preto in 1944 was eminently a politics question, the federal interventor of the Ademar de Barros State and the Old Republican remainders (1889-1930) enterprise, which was the eminent São Paulo Republican Party, spokesman of the agroexporter politics predominant in the country.
24
De, Nadai Alessandro S. "Psychosocial Mechanisms of Outcome in Pediatric Psychiatry." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6826.
Abstract:
Nearly half of all youths experience a mental health disorder at some point during childhood (Merikangas et al., 2010). Pediatric psychopathology is associated with a substantial amount of impairment in the school, social, and home domains, and such symptoms can have adverse impacts on subsequent development (Beauchaine & Hinshaw, 2013; Patel, Flisher, Hetrick, & McGorry, 2007). Fortunately, a number of medications have demonstrated efficacy in treating a number of mental health conditions (Martin, Scahill, & Kratochvil, 2010). Despite these demonstrated effects, treatment response is often incomplete, and the mechanisms by which pharmacotherapy lead to behavior change are not well understood. However, research in pediatric psychopharmacology has often not considered the role of psychosocial variables, despite their promise to explain much variance in psychiatric outcomes and the robust influence they have demonstrated in psychotherapy-based behavior change (e.g., Shirk & Karver, 2011). This study investigated the role of four psychosocial variables in treatment outcome in pediatric psychiatric practice: medication adherence, therapeutic alliance, motivation for behavior change, and expectancies for positive treatment outcome. Surprising patterns of effects were found, with psychosocial variables being associated with both decreases and increases in symptomology depending on the circumstance (e.g., externalizing behavior), and many inconsistencies were observed among these patterns. While psychosocial variables are often portrayed as having uniformly positive impacts on treatment, their role in pediatric psychiatry may not be as straightforward as is commonly depicted in other diseases and therapeutic approaches. In particular, the nature of their effects on outcome may vary across symptom presentations and intervention approaches. Based on these findings, recommendations for clinical practice and future research are discussed which affect all patients, researchers, and medical providers who participate in pediatric psychiatric treatment.
25
Yum, Jennifer. "In Sickness and in Health: Americans and Psychiatry in Korea, 1950-1962." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11531.
Abstract:
This dissertation begins with a simple set of questions: how and why did the Western discipline of psychiatry gain traction in the Republic of Korea? My answers point to the Korean War and the US-ROK alliance as the two most important factors enabling this phenomenon.East Asian Languages and Civilizations
26
Murdoch, Emma Louise Annabel. "Madness, psychiatry and anti-psychiatry in English and French women's writing and film." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7676/.
Abstract:
This thesis examines the theme of women’s madness in the 1960s and 1970s through the works of four English and French writers and film-makers: Chantal Akerman, Emma Santos, Jane Arden and Mary Barnes. It examines how these four writers and film-makers inscribe madness into their texts from a sociological angle, presenting the texts and films discussed as socio-historical artefacts while analysing each writer and film-maker’s representation of women’s madness. Inspired by psychologist Phyllis Chesler, who argues that madness is tied to socially defined gender roles and used to demarcate violations of expected gendered behaviour, this research analyses various manifestations of ‘madness’ from the everyday madness of Chantal Akerman, to psychiatrically incarcerated madness in the texts of Emma Santos, to madness influenced by anti-psychiatry through the works of Jane Arden, to complete immersion in anti-psychiatry with Mary Barnes. The interdisciplinary and cross-cultural nature of this thesis combines fields from both English and French studies, from the study of female writers and film-makers, psychoanalytic theory, the history of psychiatry and how they intersect with gender combined with contemporary feminist writings of philosophy, psychology, and theology.
27
Ek, Imelda Helena. "Erotic Insanity : Sex and psychiatry at Vadstena asylum, Sweden 1849-1878." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för kultur och estetik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-146255.
Abstract:
The early nineteenth century saw the emergence of institutional psychiatry across Europe. Aware that Sweden had fallen behind in this development, Parliament decreed in 1823 that a number of specialised institutions for the care of the insane were to be established. The Vadstena asylum, opened in 1826, was the first such institution in Sweden. The aim of this study is to examine medical interpretation of and responses to erotic behaviour in psychiatric practice at the Vadstena asylum in the period 1849-1878. The book places the theme of the erotic, a topical subject in nineteenth-century public debate, in the context of psychiatry as an emerging specialty in Sweden. The book explores how erotic behaviour was conceptualised as disease, and the nature of therapeutic intervention in erotic cases, in order to present a more nuanced image of nineteenth-century medical attitudes to sexuality. By highlighting the superintendency of physician Ludvig Magnus Hjertstedt, and linking his account of an 1845 study tour through Europe to medical practice at Vadstena, the study situates responses to erotic patients in a period when psychiatry claims authority over human sexuality. In methodological terms, the study applies critical questions inspired by revisionist scholarship to a body of empirical source material. Focusing on a single institution, and conducting in-depth readings of case notes – with regard to language, form, and function – allows the study to highlight the everyday practice of the asylum physician in his encounters with male and female erotic patients, including the use, importance and diagnostic integrity of the concepts nymphomania, erotomania and masturbation. Hjertstedt’s travel journal provides insight into the physician’s medical philosophy, informing the analysis of diagnostic and interpretive procedures, while connecting medical practice at Vadstena to its European paragons. The results indicate that while the use of specific diagnostic terms to describe erotic behaviour was infrequent, therapeutic and managerial intervention shows that sexual acts and expressions of desire were considered disturbing and dangerous symptoms in both male and female patients. The analysis thus makes visible a gap between psychiatric theory and asylum practice, emphasising uncertainties and complexities inherent in the latter. While erotic behaviour could be considered indicative of illness, it might also be interpreted as a lack of character or a result of insufficient moral instruction. The asylum’s regime of work and moral instruction was designed to restore health as well as sound values and appropriate behaviour in its patients, indicating a medical culture at Vadstena which was both curative and normalising.
28
Fearnley, Andrew. "Methods to madness : race, knowledge, and American psychiatry, 1880-2000." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610655.
29
Diebel, Elizabeth. "Psychological Processes Involved in Skilled Golf Performance." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/426.
Abstract:
The present research assessed the influence of golfers’ mindsets on their performance when accounting for their skill level. Better performance of three chip shots was expected from golfers with a strategic mental approach to golf performance, including motivation, confidence, and concentration. Golfers with these mindset components were also expected to be more skilled, lower handicap golfers. Prior to a performance situation, participants were asked to give a description that was expected to challenge their performance mindset. In the experimental conditions, participants were asked to describe either their best shot or their worst shot from a past round. In the control condition, they were asked to provide a neutral description. Participants’ subsequent performance of three golf chip shots was assessed. Contrary to the hypothesis, the results found that the pre-performance mindset manipulation did not significantly affect the performance of high or low CC golfers. However, significant correlations were found between two of the hypothesized performance mindset components, confidence and concentration, and golf performance, suggesting that successful golf performance may be related to a particular mindset.
30
Alicea, Karelix. "Evoking non-repertory verbal behavior across operant classes : the effects of motor echoic sign language training within the context of a motivating operation." FIU Digital Commons, 2005. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1047.
Abstract:
The individual effects that echoic, mand, and sign language training procedures have on the acquisition of verbal behavior have been widely demonstrated, but more efficient strategies are still needed. This study combined all three treatment strategies into one treatment intervention in order to investigate the joint effects they may have on verbal behavior. Six participants took part in the study. Intervention totaled 1 hour/day for 5 days/week until mastery criterion for motor echoic behavior was achieved. Although motor echoic behavior were solely targeted for acquisition, significant increases in spontaneous motor mands were noted in all treatment participants. Additionally, 4 treatment participants also demonstrated significant gains in vocal echoics and spontaneous vocal mands. No significant increases were noted for the control participant. Results suggest that the aforementioned procedure may provide more efficient results as a first-step to teaching a functional repertoire of verbal behavior to developmentally delayed children.
31
Alonso, Alexander. "The relationship between cognitive ability, the big five, task and contextual performance: a meta-analysis." FIU Digital Commons, 2000. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1077.
Abstract:
For years, researchers and human resources specialists have been searching for predictors of performance as well as for relevant performance dimensions (Barrick & Mount, 1991; Borman & Motowidlo, 1993; Campbell, 1990; Viswesvaran et al., 1996). In 1993, Borman and Motowidlo provided a framework by which traditional predictors such as cognitive ability and the Big Five personality factors predicted two different facets of performance: 1) task performance and 2) contextual performance. A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the validity of this model as well as that of other modified models. The relationships between predictors such as cognitive ability and personality variables and the two outcome variables were assessed. It was determined that even though the two facets of performance may be conceptually different, empirically they overlapped substantially (p= .75). Finally, results show that there is some evidence for cognitive ability as a predictor of both task and contextual performance and conscientiousness as a predictor of both task and contextual performance. The possible mediation of predictor-- criterion relationships was also assessed. The relationship between cognitive ability and contextual performance vanished when task performance was controlled.
32
Alvarez, de Lugo Claudia I. "Children's learning of anxiety sensitivity : a preliminary study using a sample of youths referred for anxiety disorders." FIU Digital Commons, 2005. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1051.
Abstract:
The purpose of the present study was to examine the origins of anxiety sensitivity (AS) by assessing youths' learning experiences in relation to their AS symptoms and anxiety symptoms. Participants were 33 youths between 7 to 13 years old (M = 9.39 years, SD = 2.01). Youths were assessed using a structured interview and self-report measures. Chi-square analyses revealed no statistically significant differences in the proportions of boys vs. girls, Hispanic vs. non-Hispanic, and married vs. non-married. Pearson correlation analyses revealed that youths' AS learning experiences were significantly related to youths' AS and to youths' anxiety symptoms scores. Partial correlations between youths' learning experiences associated with AS symptoms in relation to AS scores controlling for anxiety symptoms effects were statistically significant. Findings were consistent with theory and suggest that learning mechanisms may be involved in AS acquisition and maintenance. The findings' implications are discussed regarding possible learning experiences' role in the development of AS.
33
Anderson, Gregory David. "Personality, motivation, and training performance of firefighter candidates." FIU Digital Commons, 2001. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1053.
Abstract:
The purpose of this research was to investigate the validity of personality for predicting training and job performance in a sample of firefighters, and to determine if motivation could act as a moderator in the personality-performance relationship. Personality and motivation inventories were administered to 109 firefighter candidates from three academy classes. At the termination of each academy, all candidates were assessed on their overall performance.
Correlation coefficients were used to measure the relationship between personality inventory scales, motivation inventory scales, and the overall training performance measures. A multiple regression procedure was used to investigate the relationship between personality, motivation, and performance to determine if motivation had a moderation effect on performance.
None of the correlations were statistically significant at the 0.05 level. The two highest were sociability (r = 0.13, p = .189) and school success (r = 0.11, p .262). With regard to the multiple regression, for the sample of low thrill-seeker subjects, the r- for the motivation and thrill-seeking variables was .0578 (F = .7665). Adding the combined variable (thrill-seeking x motivation) into the equation provided a Ar2 of .0217 (AF = .5652). For the sample of high thrill-seeker subjects, the r2 for the motivation and thrill-seeking variables was .0513 (F = 1.6226). Adding the product variable (thrill-seeking x motivation) into the equation provided a Ar2 of .0004 (AF = .0215). Although motivation seemed to moderate personality when predicting training performance to a greater extent in the low thrill-seeker sample than it did in the high thrill-seeker sample, the results were not significant.
Since the personality and motivation inventories had been previously shown to be related to performance, a possible explanation for the current results is that the measure used in the study was a poor indicator of performance. Future studies should use performance measures specifically designed to measure the objectives of the academy, which should stem from the essential functions of the job as determined by a job analysis.
34
Holmbeck, Grayson N. "The Role of Familial Conflict in the Adaptation to Menarche: Sequential Analysis of Family Interaction." VCU Scholars Compass, 1987. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5119.
Abstract:
Past research has suggested that temporary perturbations characterize parent-adolescent relations after the onset of pubertal change. The purpose of this study was to further delineate the characteristics of these disruptions in families with seventh-grade girls. Current operational definitions of family conflict in an observational context are inadequate and a potentially more useful definition was offered: conflict is believed to exist when there is the simultaneous occurrence of opposing interpersonal forces.
Two studies were conducted. A validation study was done to determine the psychosocial correlates of the following conflict variables: frequencies and reciprocal dyadic sequences of interruptions and disagreements. The affective nature of these variables was also assessed. The sample consisted of 17 families with seventh-grade girls and 20 families with seventh-grade boys who filled out questionnaires and participated in the Structured Family Interaction Task (SFIT). 2-scores were computed to represent the sequential variables.
Results revealed that interruptions and disagreements tap disruption and conflict in the family in certain contexts. Frequencies of interruptions tap power in the family, whereas frequencies and sequences of disagreements tap both conflict and power. When interruptions and positive affect co-occurred more frequently, there was less disruption and conflict within the family system.
The second study (Study 2) was conducted on 111 families with seventh-grade girls who participated in the SFIT. Relations between the observational measures and menarcheal status were assessed. The results supported the notion that familial adaptation to menarche involves a temporary period of conflict and withdrawl of positive affect in family relationships, especially in the mother-daughter dyad.
Although a number of researchers in this area have found similar results, explanations of the role of conflict in the process have not been forthcoming. It is argued here that conflict plays a role in the adaptation to pubertal change in the sense that it promotes adjustment to developmental change. There appear to be two processes--one intrapsychic and the other extrapsychic--that allow conflict to play this role and make moderate levels of conflict inevitable in healthy families.
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Marcello, Robert Joseph. "An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Substance Abuse Awareness and Prevention Program Developed for use with University-Level Varsity Student-Athletes." VCU Scholars Compass, 1987. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5144.
Abstract:
Substance abuse problems affect all segments of society including collegiate athletics. Drug testing programs are viewed as one method of combating this problem, however, more emphasis should be placed upon developing effective prevention programs. Towards this end, the first purpose of this study was to draw from available literature to design a prevention program which would cater to the specific needs of student- athletes. The position is taken that since multiple factors such as genetic predisposition, the pharmacological properties of various substances, psychological variables, and environmental/socio-cultural influences are implicated in the etiology of substance abuse difficulties, multi-focused/broad-spectrum intervention programs would likely be the most effective prevention strategies. Previous substance abuse prevention research has further suggested that the following core areas should be addressed in programs of this type: 1) education; 2) decision-making skills; 3) interpersonal/communication skills; and 4) alternative coping methods. Following this lead, the program utilized in the current investigation consisted of three major components: Education; Skill Training for Prevention; and Skills to Deal with Peer Pressure. Catering to the specific needs of the student-athlete population, the educational component addressed both performance- enhancing as well as recreational/"street" drugs. Specific skill areas addressed in the program included: decision-making/risk assessment; stress management; assertiveness training; and training in the ability to resist peer pressure. A transfer enhancement component was also included
to maximize the transfer of learned skills to outside settings. The additional purposes of this investigation were: to Evaluate the overall effectiveness of this program, as well as the effectiveness of its individual components; and to Identify factors associated with pre- intervention usage patterns of student-athletes for the purpose of guiding future program development efforts. Fifty-eight student-athletes were recruited from both men's and women's varsity athletic teams at Virginia Commonwealth University to participate in this program and were randomly assigned to either the Intervention or the Delayed Intervention/Control conditions. Participants in both conditions completed a variety of questionnaires at pre-intervention, post- intervention, and at a two-month follow-up session. Instruments utilized for this study assessed data from the following three categories: 1) Process Measures (knowledge, attitudes, adjustment, and skill level); 2) Outcome (alcohol, drug, and tobacco usage patterns); and 3) Compliance to Completion of assignments. Results based upon these data suggested that: participation in the intervention program resulted in a significant, yet delayed, decrease in general anxiety level; the degree to which participants used adaptive coping skills was inversely related to self-reported alcohol consumption; and that social/environmental risk factors and pro-usage attitudes were positively related to actual usage patterns of alcohol, drugs, and tobacco products prior to intervention. These significant findings, the factors which potentially accounted for the overall lack of significant results relative to the number of analyses run, and additional comments/observations based upon the writer's experience implementing this program are discussed in terms of: 1) Intervention Implications; 2) Active Ingredients; 3) Pertinent Predictor Variables; 4) Future Directions; and 5) Limitations of the study.
36
TSE, Man Kei. "Evaluation of an anaesthesia automated record keeping system : a human factors approach." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2018. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/otd/40.
Abstract:
Anaesthesia Information Management System (AIMS) is an automated record keeping system that imports and stores patient’s vital signs information from a physiological monitor in real-time. However, only a handful of studies have examined the effect of automated record keeping system on anaesthetists’ cognitive performance. Therefore, the current thesis aims to evaluate AIMS in terms of anaesthetists’ attitude (Study 1) and its effect on their cognitive performance (Study 2). Study 1, a questionnaire study examined anaesthetists’ trust and acceptance of AIMS. Forty-two anaesthetists at Tuen Mun Hospital (TMH) and Po Oi hospitals (POH) have completed a self-reported questionnaire. Results found that anaesthetists generally adopted a positive attitude toward AIMS. They exhibited a high level of trust and acceptance of AIMS. Also, they perceived AIMS as highly useful and relevant to their job. Study 2, a simulation study compared AIMS with manual record keeping on anaesthetists’ vigilance, situation awareness (SA) and mental workload. 20 anaesthetists at TMH were randomly assigned to two conditions: (1) AIMS and (2) Manual. Each participant received a 45-minute scenario in a full-scale simulation. Participants were asked to take over a case of general anaesthesia and perform record keeping. Results showed that AIMS did not impair anaesthetists’ vigilance and SA. In addition, it reduced anaesthetists’ mental workload and enabled them to spend less time on record keeping task. The current thesis provides an evaluation of AIMS by using a human factors approach. It contributes to the understanding on the effect of AIMS on anaesthetist’ in terms of attitude and cognitive performance. Based on the evaluation, we generate some recommendation for designers and hospitals to address the limitation of AIMS in interface designs and to increase anaesthetists’ acceptance of AIMS.
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WANG, Yiqing. "A study of authentic leadership adopting the job demands and resources approach in predicting work-related flow and job performance." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2014. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/psy_etd/1.
Abstract:
The authentic leadership model posits that authentic leaders can foster personal development of their subordinates in order to produce better job outcomes. The current study has investigated authentic leadership using the job demands and resources (JD-R) approach to examine how leaders’ authenticity can empower employees in terms of resources-building (e.g. PsyCap, supervisor support); and to examine how these resources can offset negative stressors (e.g. work overload, emotional demands) so that employees may achieve a peak psychological state of flow (Bakker, 2005, 2008) and better job performances. To date, very few studies have tried to explain authentic leader behaviors in the JD-R model which is posited to be widely applicable to different work contexts, let alone studies of such type conducted in Chinese organizations. The current study consists of Study One and Study Two. The major purpose of Study One is to examine the reliability and validity of the authentic leadership and the work-related flow scale in Chinese organizational settings. The major purpose of Study Two is to test the hypotheses of the overall research model using Chinese working samples.
Study One was conducted among Chinese workers in Shanghai (N=135). Confirmatory factor analysis was carried out for the reliability and validity of the authentic leadership and the work-related flow scale. Results confirmed that authentic leadership is best to be depicted as a second-order construct and the Cronbach’s alpha is .94 for the overall instrument. In addition, results also demonstrated that work-related flow has good reliability (Cronbach’s alpha is .96) and construct validity as a three-factor construct.
Study Two aimed to test the proposed research model of the current study. 869 self-reported questionnaires were successfully collected from organizations in Shanghai. Performance was rated by employees’ supervisors to avoid common method bias. Structural equation modeling methods were adopted for data analyses. Results supported most of the hypotheses. Supervisor support (job resource) and PsyCap (personal resource) mediate the relationships between authentic leadership and two job outcomes (work-related flow, performance). Work overload and emotional demands moderate the positive indirect effects of authentic leadership on the job outcomes through supervisor support and PsyCap.
This study has several contributions. First, it has provided a more comprehensive explanation of leadership and the consequent followers’ work behaviors via the JD-R approach. Second, it has linked the similarities in the JD-R model and the flow literature, which were previously studied in separate fields, demonstrating that high flow experience can be obtained only when resources become salient under high demands. Last but not least, the study has provided practical implications on leadership trainings and employee development programs, by pointing out several solutions of organizational improvement for the top management teams.
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CHAN, Pik Ying. "Are you what you have? The role of motivation and cultural value congruency on the mere ownership effect." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2017. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/psy_etd/7.
Abstract:
Previous research on mere ownership effect has shown that merely possessing an object results in enhanced evaluation of that object (Beggan, 1992), when compared with unowned (Belk, 1988; Dittmar, 1992; Prelinger, 1959) or others-owned object (Nesselroade et al., 1999). Since people see their possessions as an extension of their self-identities (Belk, 1988), it is suggested that making self-enhancing judgments about possessions would satisfy owners' desires to maintain positive self-image.
Extending the traditional mere ownership effect, this thesis examined whether people perceive having endowed the positive features of the product upon acquiring its ownership prior to its actual use, using essential oil products as stimuli objects.
It is hypothesized that the proposed mere ownership effect would occur only when participants are motivated to self-enhance; and when the functional value of the owned object is congruent to the participants' own cultural value.
A cross-cultural experiment was conducted in the United States and Hong Kong, with 93 American students and 99 Hong Kong students. Participants in both cultural groups were presented an essential oil product which was claimed to have a therapeutic function of enhancing one's holistic mode of thinking. Given that holistic thinking ability is valued in Asian culture compared to American culture, the oil's functional value is congruent to the cultural value of the Hong Kong participants relative to the American participants.
Results showed that HK participants, who are motivated to enhance their holistic thinking ability, reported higher self-perceived efficacy in holistic thinking once they merely owned the ""holistic"" essential oils. This self-enhancing tendency did not happen in the American samples whose cultural orientation does not emphasize the importance of holism; and in participants who were not motivated to enhance their holistic thinking ability. The findings have important implications in understanding the circumstances in which this new form of the mere ownership effect might occur.
39
Carter, Elizabeth A. "Phonetic Ambiguity Perception in Reading Disabled and Non-disabled Children and Adolescents." VCU Scholars Compass, 1986. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4400.
Abstract:
There are speculations that disabled readers may fail to correctly decode written words because they are insensitive to language's phonetic form. This insensitivity is presumed by some to be due to a speech perceptual deficit. The purpose of the current study was to assess differences between disabled and non-disabled adolescents and elementary school students in their perceptual accuracy in decoding phonetically ambiguous speech. The effects of two processing factors derived from previous research, priming and word form (e.g., Spencer & Carter, 1982), were also examined to assess how perceptual processes may differ between groups. Clinical evidence of some verbal problems persisting in adolescent disabled populations and evidence of compensatory differences between elementary and adolescent readers on earlier phonetic coding tasks prompted the inclusion of alI four age group by reading group combinations. Results reveal no reading group differences of either age grouping. The results are discussed in terms of design considerations, previous pertinent speech perception research, and similarity of responses to those of normal subjects in Spencer and Carter (1982) and Carter and Zoller (1983). With an examination of two dependent measures and a qualitative analysis of errors, no reading group differences were found. Therefore, it Is suggested that explanations involving speech perception may not appropriately address the problems of disabled readers with problems in word decoding.
40
Benchimol, Simy. "Acculturation and Hispanic identity/ethnicity as a predictor of change on the brief situational confidence questionnaire." FIU Digital Commons, 2004. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1494.
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether level of acculturation among Hispanic adolescent males (n = 174) influenced treatment outcome in a substance abuse program, specifically on the Brief Situational Confidence Questionnaire (BSCQ) which measures relapse confidence. It was hypothesized that lower levels of acculturation were likely to be predictive of positive change, whereas higher levels of acculturation were likely to be predictive of no change or negative change. It was found that adolescents changed over time in BSCQ scores regardless of which acculturation variable was measured. Contrary to expectations, for those adolescents placed in family treatment, place of birth was not significantly associated with treatment response. However, both, U.S. and non-U.S. born adolescents demonstrated a change over time when receiving family treatment, suggesting that the family substance abuse treatment utilized in this intervention effected change over time.
41
Wu, Harry Yi-Jui. "Transnational trauma : trauma and psychiatry in the world and Taiwan, 1945-1995." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4cbd4718-1b20-4512-9e57-642532310686.
Abstract:
This study considers the history of trauma, both as a psychiatric concept and as a diagnosis, and its social and cultural representation from a transnational perspective after WWII. The intellectual evolution of trauma was determined by various medical, social and cultural variables, institutions, and people who wielded influence in the postwar world order as well as diverse local contexts. This thesis focuses on the globalisation and localisation of such concept and diagnosis shaped by international and local mental health experts at the World Health Organization and the National Taiwan University Hospital. Through the efforts of these experts, trauma not only became one of the most globally diffused psychiatric diagnoses, but also a hyperbole appropriated by Taiwanese psychiatrists to account for extreme forms of social suffering. Studies have criticised the universality and the Anglo-American-centred approach to the history of traumatic psychiatry. Scholars have also begun to explore transnational histories of psychiatry by systematically comparing or tracing the diffusion routes of psychiatric topics. Their methods of enquiry and problems solved, however, differ. My research analyses a disparate collection of evidence at the level of international organisations and from local aspects, allowing not only a critical reconsideration of trauma in the trend of global medicine, but also its reception, contestation and appropriation in the non-Western contexts. Guided by the works of medical historians, literary critics and cultural anthropologists, this project combines archival research with oral history interviews to challenge the existing historical accounts of trauma, and provide evidence of the limited capacity of globalised psychiatric norms and their reception and appropriation beyond the imagination of world citizenship. It argues that such scientific artefacts were not only produced through mutual reference between Eastern and Western experiences, but also measures of instrumental rationality employed by postwar internationalists to engineer their modernity in the Global South.
42
Velasco, Enid Aida. "Discrepancies in social workers' self-perception in theoretical and treatment approaches to depressed late middle-age women." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1325.
43
Krapf, Elizabeth Maria. "Euthanasia, the Ethics of Patient Care and the Language of Propaganda." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/606.
Abstract:
This thesis is an examination of euthanasia, eugenics, the ethic of patient care, and linguistic propaganda in the Second World War. The examination of euthanasia discusses not only the history and involvement of the facility at Hadamar in Germany, but also discuss the current euthanasia debate. Euthanasia in World War II arose out of the Nazi desire to cleanse the Reich and was greatly influenced by the American eugenics movement of the early 20th century. Eugenics was built up to include anyone considered undesirable and unworthy of life and killed many thousands of people before the invasion of allied troops in 1944. Paramount to euthanasia is forced sterilization, the ethic of patient care, and how the results of the research conducted on euthanasia victims before their deaths should be used. The Nazis were able to change the generally accepted terms that researchers use to describe their experiments and this change affected how modern doctors and researchers use the terms in current research. This thesis includes research conducted in Germany and the United States from varied resources.
44
Miresco, Marc J. "Judgements of responsibility and mind brain dualism in clinical psychiatry." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97970.
Abstract:
This thesis explores the phenomenon of mind-brain dualism in contemporary Western psychiatry from an anthropological and social psychological perspective. In a first chapter, it reports on an empirical study involving 127 staff psychiatrists and psychologists at McGill University who responded to a questionnaire based on clinical vignettes. Results revealed a latent process of judging patients' responsibility for illness, where the more a behavioural problem was seen as 'psychological,' the more the patients tended to be viewed as responsible and blameworthy for their symptoms, while behaviours with 'neurobiological' causes showed the opposite tendency. A second chapter reviews the history of psychosomatic medicine and argues that specific biomedical and psychological sick roles exist for patients that determine the ways in which their actions are judged, as well as how the functions of the rational mind are commonly understood. Insights from evolutionary psychology are used in a third chapter to speculate on new models of mental illness that may provide new contexts for negotiating mind-brain dualism and judgements of responsibility.
45
Stinson, Jill D., and Michael D. Clark. "Motivational Interviewing with Offenders: Engagement, Rehabilitation, and Reentry." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://www.amzn.com/1462529887.
Abstract:
From experts on working with court-mandated populations, this book shows how motivational interviewing (MI) can help offenders move beyond resistance or superficial compliance and achieve meaningful behavior change. Using this evidence-based approach promotes successful rehabilitation and reentry by drawing on clients' values, goals, and strengths--not simply telling them what to do. The authors clearly describe the core techniques of MI and bring them to life with examples and sample dialogues from a range of criminal justice and forensic settings. Of crucial importance, the book addresses MI implementation in real-world offender service systems, including practical strategies for overcoming obstacles.https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1135/thumbnail.jpg
46
Astolfo, Therese Ann. "Attitudinal predictors in a Negligence Case." FIU Digital Commons, 1991. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1057.
Abstract:
This study addresses the use of attitude and personality variables as predictors of compensation and award in a personal injury suit. Safety seeking behavior and attitudes toward tort reform are introduced as case-specific factors that may predict this verdict decision. Two hundred registered voters were surveyed on scales measuring attitudes toward safety, tort reform, and psychiatrists. Subjects also indicated their demographic characteristics and the degree of compensation and amount of award they would render the plaintiff in a civil suit. Results indicated attitudinal variables were more predictive of compensation and award than were demographic variables. The implications of these findings are discussed.
47
McCallaghan, Johannes Jacobus. "Chronobiology and psychiatry : development of a conceptual model and integrative approach for South African psychiatrists." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10866.
Abstract:
Bibliography: leaves 78-91.Chronobiology developed slowly after it was recognised that rhythmicity was a fundamental property of life. However, the principles of chronobiology are not well integrated in clinical practice. Therefore, this dissertation aims to integrate neuroscientific knowledge in a curriculum for chronobiology to be presented to South African psychiatrists in training at UCT, and is one of several steps in a programme to promote the concept of chronobiology in psychiatry.
48
Block, Mara Gertrude. ""Care of the Afflicted Flock": Pastoral Counseling, Psychiatry, and Disorderly Sexual Subjects." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:23845473.
Abstract:
While scholars have argued that modern medical authority over sexuality stands in some relation to earlier religious discourse, modern religion and its new relationship to medicine are absent from these narratives. This dissertation takes up just such a study through narrating the emergence of modern pastoral counseling and its assumptions, categories, and therapeutic techniques, all of which were deeply entangled with modern sciences of the mind. Modern pastoral counseling marks a decisive discontinuity from the long tradition of philosophical and Christian care for the soul in its relation to medicine and in its view of the self. This dissertation argues that mid-century American Protestant understandings of sexuality depended on a modern psychological conception of the self.
Through analysis of archival documents, theological texts, and hospital case histories from the early clinical pastoral training movement, this study investigates the shifting pastoral rhetoric used to understand sexual maladjustment, and it traces shifting attempts to rework Christian sexual ethics. While psychiatry was the primary framework for making sense of queer love—at times even for queer people themselves—some fashioned new and imaginative languages for expressing forms of queer love and queer religion. Juxtaposing clinical discourse with these diverse genres not only illuminates the limits of contemporary debates about religion and sexuality, but it also illustrates the importance of studying entanglements of religion, science, and medicine in everyday life and social practice.Religion, Committee on the Study of
49
Smith, Justin F. "Twentieth-Century Canadian Law, Psychiatry, and Social Activism in Relation to Pedophiles and Child Sex Offenders." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35603.
Abstract:
The contemporary conflation of pedophiles and child sex offenders is a prevalent aspect of reporting in news and social media, as well as in government-sponsored efforts to prevent child sexual victimization. Throughout twentieth century Canada, however, legal experts, psychologists and psychiatrists, and social activists were recognizing the harmfulness of grouping individuals who may have a propensity to commit crime with those who have committed the most heinous of criminal acts. As early as 1938, Canadian legal experts suggested that criminal insanity was a myth, advocating for a divergence between legal punishment and psychiatric healthcare, but after World War 2 had enacted serious efforts targeting criminal sexual psychopathy. Successive Royal Commissions investigating sexual victimization and child abuse revealed that Canadian courts, jails, prisons, and remand services were unable to solely deal with the realities of child sexual victimization. Psychologists and psychiatrists of the American Psychological Association increasingly researched sex and sexuality, classifying pedophilia as a paraphilia using child sexual victimization as a diagnostic indicator and criterion. Gay liberation activists discussed inequalities posed between hetero- and homosexual ages of consent and, more rarely, thought about the total abolition of age of consent. Each of these discourses firmly advocated for a separation between thought and action, recognizing the pedophiles who had not and would not harm children. The historical roots of the conflation of pedophiles and child sex offenders makes an important contribution to understanding contemporary discourses on criminality, victimology, sexology, and sociology, and to the development of efforts which can more successfully reduce child sexual victimization.
50
Wilson, Christopher William. "Mental illness and the British mandate in Palestine, 1920-1948." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/285965.
Abstract:
This thesis examines the ways in which the British mandate conceptualised, encountered, and sought to manage mental illness in Palestine between 1920 and 1948. The subject of mental illness has hitherto received partial consideration by historians interested in the Yishuv, who treat this period as formative for the Israeli mental health service. This thesis shifts the focus from European Jewish psychiatrists to the British mandate's engagements with mental illness, thus contributing to the well-developed literature on colonial psychiatry. Where this thesis departs from many of these institutionally-focussed histories of colonial psychiatry is in its source base; lacking hospital case files or articles in psychiatric journals, this thesis draws on an eclectic range of material from census reports and folklore research to petitions and prison records. In bringing together these strands of the story of psychiatry and mental illness, this thesis seeks to move beyond the continued emphasis in the historiography of Palestine on politics, nationalism, and state-building, and to develop our understanding of state and society by examining how they interacted in relation to the question of mental illness. This thesis thus widens the cast of historical actors from psychiatric experts alone to take in policemen, census officials, and families. In addition, this thesis seeks to situate Palestine within wider mandatory, British imperial, and global contexts, not to elide specificities, but to resist a persistent historiographical tendency to treat Palestine as exceptional. The first part traces the development of British mandatory conceptualisations of mental illness through the census of 1931 and then through a focus on specific causes of mental illness thought to be at work in Palestine. The second part examines two contexts in which the mandate was brought into contact with the mentally ill: the law and petitions. The final part of the thesis explores two distinct therapeutic regimes introduced in this period: patient work and somatic treatments.