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Journal articles on the topic 'Hittite Inscriptions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 July 2025

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1

Hawkins, J. David, and Mark Weeden. "The New Inscription from Türkmenkarahöyük and its Historical Context." Altorientalische Forschungen 48, no. 2 (2021): 384–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2021-0015.

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Abstract The publication of a hieroglyphic inscription found at Türkmenkarahöyük in the Konya region and the associated survey-work in the area have raised numerous questions about the location of the city of Tarhuntassa, the aftermath of the Hittite Empire and the dating of the Hieroglyphic inscriptions which mention a king called Hartapu. In this paper we review the evidence for the location of Tarhuntassa that we deem relevant for deciding whether it could have been situated at Türkmenkarahöyük, and further reconsider the dating of the Hartapu inscriptions, arriving at the conclusion, alrea

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Marazzi, Massimiliano, Natalia Bolatti Guzzo, and Leopoldo Repola. "Neue Untersuchungen zu den Felsreliefs von Sirkeli." Altorientalische Forschungen 46, no. 2 (2019): 214–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2019-0015.

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Abstract The rock reliefs of Sirkeli represent an important testimony among the Hittite monuments with hieroglyphic inscriptions. In addition to the relief of King Muwatalli, a second relief was identified in 1994, whose hieroglyphic inscription seemed irretrievably lost. Based on a cooperation between the Swiss Archaeological Mission at Sirkeli and the Centro Interistituzionale Euromediterraneo of the University Suor Orsola in Naples, a 3D survey with technologically advanced instruments was carried out in 2017. This contribution presents the first results of this project and the new perspect

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3

Gates, Marie-Henriette, and Hasan Peker. "Hieroglyphic Inscriptions on Hittite Pottery from Late Bronze Kinet Höyük (Hatay, Turkey)." Altorientalische Forschungen 52, no. 1 (2025): 33–53. https://doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2025-2007.

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Abstract Like many Late Bronze sites in Cilicia, the ancient seaport at Kinet Höyük adopted a material culture reflecting Hittite standards from central Anatolia. The process, dynamics, and intentions engineering this assimilation have long been explored from many perspectives, including the ceramic repertoire. This paper contributes to the discussion by introducing a group of Kinet LB vessels with Anatolian Hieroglyphic potmarks and seal impressions that were intended to be read as script. Their references to 'king/royal' and 'palace' convey an official status to the seaport, identified with

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4

Goedegebuure, Petra M. "The Luwian word for ‘city, town’." Anatolian Studies 74 (2024): 47–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066154624000085.

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AbstractThe Luwian corpus written in Anatolian hieroglyphs consists of about 300 inscriptions. Though this is sufficiently large that Luwian is mostly understood, not all words are known in full writing. One of those is the word for ‘city, town’. Since cities play an important role in Luwian monumental inscriptions, it is remarkable that the word for such a central concept is still unknown. Using a multi-modal approach, combing orthographic, morphological, iconographical and archaeological analysis, I argue that the word for ‘city’ is /allamminna/i-/ ‘fortified settlement > city tout court’

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5

Ivanov, Valerii. "Hittite ānt- and related lexemes." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 6 (2023): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080028904-1.

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There are two terms designating “equal” in cuneiform texts from Ḫattuša-Boğazköy, namely annauli- and ānt-. The lexeme ānt- has been connected with the Luwian terms ayawala- and ayal(a/i)-. The first one is a hapax in Hittite cuneiform corpus found in the so-called Tawagalawa letter (CTH 181), while the second one appears several times in the royal hieroglyphic inscriptions from Masuwari (Tell Ahmar). Although the meanings and etymologies of all these terms were discussed in recent scholarship, they have never been analyzed as part of a lexical system. The present article focuses on the contex

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Tsaneva, Stanislava. "DEMETRIOS CHOMATIANOS’ ACCOUNTS OF THE EARLIEST HISTORY OF BULGARIANS AND THE POSSIBLE ORIGIN OF THREE TOPONYMS FROM THE BULGARIAN NORTHERN BLACK SEA COAST." Годишник на Шуменския университет. Факултет по хуманитарни науки XXХII A, no. 1 (2021): 7–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.46687/fkpw4819.

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This article examines one of the latest and most controversial pieces of information about the origin of the Bulgars . In our attempt to establish its historical credibility, we compared the most important Greek and Old Bulgarian copies of St. Clement of Ohrid’s Life, and suggested a date and possible ideological motives behind the creation of so-called „Moesian legend”. Special attention is paid to the coincidence between the names of the modern Bulgarian cities and towns of Varna, Kavarna and Shabla and the toponyms registered in the Hittite inventory inscriptions of the 2nd millennium BCE.

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7

Peker, Hasan. "A New Funerary Stele from Karkemish and New Values for Some Anatolian Hieroglyphic Signs." Belleten 87, no. 309 (2023): 357–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2023.357.

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Karkemish is located on the West bank of Euphrates River, about 60 kilometres southeast of Gaziantep, Turkey, and 100 kilometres northeast of Aleppo, Syria. Ruins of the city, over 90 hectares, of which over 55 lie in Turkey and around 35 in Syria. Since 2011 Karkemish has been newly explored by a joint Turco-Italian Archaeological Expedition. During the 2016 excavation campaign by the Turco-Italian Archaeological Expedition at Karkemish, a fragment of a funerary stele bearing a Hieroglyphic Luwian text was unearthed in the Lower Palace area. The stele probably dates to the early eighth centur

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8

Salvini, Mirjo. "Johannes Friedrich und die Urartäische Sprachforschung." Altorientalische Forschungen 51, no. 2 (2024): 257–64. https://doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2024-0010.

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Abstract The “Introduction to Urartian”, from 1933, is a cornerstone of Urartian research. J. Friedrich’s studies of the verb, and more generally of Urartian grammar, are fundamental to all subsequent research, and almost every analysis and meaning suggested in his essays and in the introduction is rightly still correct today. Friedrich clarifies the almost complete identity of the Urartian cuneiform with the Assyrian, but also some epigraphic differences. He mentions his analyzes that differ from Götze and Tseretheli and makes it clear that “the study of Urartian must not use anything other t

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9

Durnford, S. P. B. "How old was the Ankara Silver Bowl when its inscriptions were added?" Anatolian Studies 60 (January 2010): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066154600001010.

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AbstractThe artefact known as the Ankara Silver Bowl bears two short Hieroglyphic Luwian inscriptions, each in a different ‘handwriting’. They tell us about the origin of the bowl in the year that Tudhaliya labarna conquered Tara/i-wa/i-zi/a. Unparalleled phrasing and tantalising historical allusions make dating and interpretation problematic. The conquest mentioned is widely held to be that of Taruisa in the Troad by the 14th-century bce Hittite king Tudhaliya I/II, but epigraphy points to a Karkamiš origin for the inscriptions and probably to a post-Empire date. Treating the text as contempo

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10

WEEDEN, MARK. "AFTER THE HITTITES: THE KINGDOMS OF KARKAMISH AND PALISTIN IN NORTHERN SYRIA." Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 56, no. 2 (2013): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-5370.2013.00055.x.

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Abstract The disappearance and weakening of the Late Bronze Age territorial empires in the Eastern Mediterranean shortly after 1200 BC is traditionally held to be followed by a so-called Dark Age of around 300 years, characterized by a lack of written sources. However, new sources are appearing, mainly in the medium of Hieroglyphic Luwian inscriptions, which help us to understand events and, more importantly, political and geographical power constellations during the period. The new sources are briefly situated within the framework of the current debates, with special regard given to the terri

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Kuvanç, Rıfat, Kenan Işık, and Bülent Genç. "A new Urartian temple in Körzüt fortress, Turkey: a report on the rescue excavation of 2016 and new approaches on the origin of Urartian square temple architecture." ARAMAZD: Armenian Journal of Near Eastern Studies 14, no. 1-2 (2020): 112–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/ajnes.v14i1-2.977.

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In this article we share the results of a rescue excavation carried by the Van Museum at Körzüt fortress in 2016. During excavations on the south-west side of Körzüt fortress which was the most important centre of the Urartian Kingdom in the Muradiye plain according to the Urartian inscriptions and the discovered architectural remains, our research team reached the ruins of a square-planned room with a rabbeted façade. Although it is similar to the standard square-planned Urartian temples, especially with its rabbeted façade and square-planned cella, this structure appears as a new example in

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12

Gurney, O. R. "The Annals of Hattusilis III." Anatolian Studies 47 (December 1997): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3642903.

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The Hittite kings were the first to record the events of their reigns in annalistic form, beginning, it seems, with the first king of the Empire, Tudhaliyas I/II. His successors continued the practice, and annals are preserved for Arnuwandas I, Suppiluliumas I (composed by his son), and above all for Mursilis II. There is no reason to think that the following kings were any less proud of their achievements, but Muwatallis II's archives have not yet been discovered, nor has any continuous text been found for the reign of Hattusilis III. For the reigns of Tudhaliyas IV and Suppiluliumas II (noth

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13

Marcos Macedo, José. "Future conditionals in Lycian." Indogermanische Forschungen 126, no. 1 (2021): 229–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/if-2021-011.

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Abstract Lycian funerary inscriptions, being overall legal statements regarding the correct management of the tomb after the death of its owner, comprise many future conditional clauses consisting of two types, paratactic and hypotactic. In the latter a preposed relative clause precedes a resumptive main clause, while in the former two adjoining main clauses are interpreted as protasis and apodosis without any obligatory subordinator. In the last case, the general rule is that some constituent pertaining to the preceding prohibition clause against unauthorized burial undergoes left dislocation

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Manuelli, Federico, Cristiano Vignola, Fabio Marzaioli, Isabella Passariello, and Filippo Terrasi. "THE BEGINNING OF THE IRON AGE AT ARSLANTEPE: A 14C PERSPECTIVE." Radiocarbon 63, no. 3 (2021): 885–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2021.19.

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ABSTRACTThe Iron Age chronology at Arslantepe is the result of the interpretation of Luwian hieroglyphic inscriptions and archaeological data coming from the site and its surrounding region. A new round of investigations of the Iron Age levels has been conducted at the site over the last 10 years. Preliminary results allowed the combination of the archaeological sequence with the historical events that extended from the collapse of the Late Bronze Age empires to the formation and development of the new Iron Age kingdoms. The integration into this picture of a new set of radiocarbon (14C) dates

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15

Sitchinava, Dmitri. "Multiple Interpretation and Fragmented Texts Within a Historical Corpus: The Case of Old East Slavic Vernacular Writing." Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 74, no. 1 (2023): 266–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2023-0044.

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Abstract The paper presents the issue of fragmented and/or ambiguously interpreted texts within the corpora of Old East Slavic vernacular writing. One of these corpora, the corpus of the Old East Slavic birchbark letters, is already available, the other, comprising the texts of Old East Slavic inscriptions, is under preparation. Due to the fragmentary state of many birchbark and epigraphy texts, their lemmatization and grammatical tagging may be uncertain and multiple interpretations may coexist. Some lemmas survive only in fragments which are nevertheless relevant for the study of lexicon. Th

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16

Arnaiz-Villena, Antonio, Marcial Medina, Valentín Ruiz-del-Valle, Adrian Lopez-Nares, Julian Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and Fabio Suarez-Trujillo. "The Ibero-Guanche (Latin) rock inscriptions found at Mt. Tenezara volcano (Lanzarote, Canary Islands, Spain): A Saharan hypothesis for Mediterranean/Atlantic Prehistory." International Journal of Modern Anthropology 2, no. 13 (2020): 140–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijma.v2i13.5.

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Two of the several rock script panels found at Mt. Tenezara volcano slope, Lanzarote Is. (Canary Islands) have been analyzed. Both of them contain a linear writing which corresponds to the ancient Iberian semi-sillabary discovered by Gomez-Moreno in 1949 AD, thus to Iberian-Guanche inscriptions which previously were referred as Latin. Ancient Iberian scripts have been found in France, Portugal, Spain and other Mediterranean places during the 1st millennium BC and the following four centuries AD; it may be possible that Iberian signs could have been taken or used at the same time at Africa. Eve

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Galiba Hajiyeva. "THE HISTORICAL TRACES OF ANCIENT SUMERIAN LANGUAGE IN DIALECT LEXIS OF AZERBAIJAN AND TURKISH LANGUAGE." International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science, no. 8(20) (November 30, 2019): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ijitss/30112019/6821.

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    National affiliation of ancient Sumerian language is one of problematic problems create serious conflict in the world linguistics. These are the serious fact putan end to conflicts modern Turkic languages ancient Sumerian and dialect of the comparative investigation. The historical dialectological facts is shows being specific place all-Turkish languages and dialects between the dialects of Nakhchivan and Eastern Anatoly. The efficient situation in the dialects modern Nakhchivan and Eastren Anatolyan dialects is one of defining basic factors of the ancient Sumerian

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18

Hansen, O. "A Mycenaean sword from Boğazköy–Hattusa found in 1991." Annual of the British School at Athens 89 (November 1994): 213–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400015379.

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This paper deals with a bronze sword found during repair work on a road close to the Hittite capital of Hattusas in central Anatolia. It carries an Akkadian inscription stating that it was taken as booty by the Hittite king Tuthaliyas II during his campaign in the Assuwa country of western Asia Minor, c.1430 BC. The content of the inscription may be evidence of Ahhiyawan-Mycenaean Greek warfare in western Asia Minor in the Late Bronze Age, and/or of a historical background for the Trojan war.

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d'Alfonso, Lorenzo. "A Hittite seal from Kavuşan Höyük." Anatolian Studies 60 (December 2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066154600000983.

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AbstractA Hittite seal was found recently in a cinerary urn, as a grave-good of a child, in the Iron Age cremation cemetery at Kavuşan Höyük, in the upper Tigris region. This article attempts to read the inscription on the seal and to discuss its date and place of production. The reading of the name of the owner of the seal, written in Anatolian Hieroglyphic, remains problematic because of the uncertainty of the phonetic value of sign *177. Tentatively, one can read it Ḫatanu. On the basis of some parallels, the author suggests that the seal could have been produced locally in the southern reg

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Mastrocinque, Attilio. "The Cilician God Sandas and the Greek Chimaera: Features of Near Eastern and Greek Mythology Concerning the Plague." Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions 7, no. 2 (2007): 197–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156921207783876413.

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AbstractA gem in the Museum of Castelvecchio (Verona) depicts the god Sandas of Tarsos with his terrible animal: the lion-goat. On the reverse side there is the inscription YOYO. The epigraphical and archaeological evidence from Anatolia, from Hittite to Hellenistic times, proves that Sandas was a underworld god protecting tombs and sending pestilences when angry. He was appeased by offerings to his terrible ministers, who were usually seven. Similarly Nergal or Erra (similar to Sandas) in Mesopotamia, and Sekhmet in Egypt had seven animal-headed terrible ministers, who were able to bring pest

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Kalaç, M., and J. D. Hawkins. "The Hieroglyphic Luwian Rock-Inscription of Malpınar." Anatolian Studies 39 (December 1989): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3642816.

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A notable new rock-inscription has been discovered in the vilayet of Adıyaman, which shows clear links with the Neo-Hittite dynasty of Kummuh already known from the BOYBEYPINARI blocks and the fragments from the productive site of Ancoz. The site of the new inscription adjacent to the village of Malpınar was discovered by Mustafa Kalaç, together with his students Selahattin Aksu (komiser) and Hüseyin Sayıcı, in September 1979 during a survey conducted by the Lower Euphrates Project of the Middle East Technical University. The discovery was reported by M. Kalaç to the Xth Turkish Congress of Hi

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Maner, Çiğdem, Mark Weeden, and Metin Alparslan. "Archäologische Forschungen am Karacadağ und eine hieroglyphenluwische Inschrift aus Karaören." Altorientalische Forschungen 48, no. 2 (2021): 347–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2021-0019.

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Abstract This essay presents a partial report of surveys on the Karacadağ (Konya), which have been carried out since 2016 due to the find of a fragment of a hieroglyphic Luwian inscription from the 13th century BC at the village of Karaören. The results of the survey allow a holistic understanding of the material and topographic conditions which led to the writing, re-use and then find of the inscription. The inscription is presented and a possible historical-geographical framework both of this and of other related texts is explained, whereby it seems probable that there was an important milit

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PEKER, Hasan. "A Bull Statue with Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscription (MARAŞ 16) in Kahramanmaraş Museum and the Chronology of the Late Hittite Kingdom of Gurgum." Gephyra 24 (November 15, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37095/gephyra.1175901.

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In this article, an edition of an unpublished inscription (MARAŞ 16) on a basalt bull statue of the 8th century BCE from Maraş is presented. Unlike the two rulers by the name of Larama known in Gurgum history, the author of the inscription is a third Larama, son of Hunita. The implications of this new datum for the chronology of the Gurgum dynasty are briefly discussed as well.

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Yılmaz, Fatih, and Önen Nihal Tüner. "A New Athena Polias Votive Inscription from the Phaselis' Acropolis." ADALYA 17 (April 5, 2015): 121–31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3924579.

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This article presents a newly discovered votive inscription found during the course of the 2013 survey conducted at the ancient city of Phaselis and in its territory. The inscription was found where the stairs to the acropolis from the southwest of the theatre end, in front of the west wall of the tower structure give access to the acropolis. This inscription in the Doric dialect, on a limestone block measuring 0.315 x 0.77 x 0.61 m., records a dedication to Athena Polias. The letters 0.03 m. high, exhibit Late Archaic - Early Classical Period features ( - - - - ) and, consequently the inscrip

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SENYURT, S. YUCEL, and ATAKAN AKCAY. "A Different Viewpoint for Topada Inscription: Balance of Power in Central Anatolian Late Hittite Period." TÜRKİYE BİLİMLER AKADEMİSİ ARKEOLOJİ DERGİSİ 22, no. 1 (2018): 95–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.22520/tubaar.2018.22.006.

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d’Alfonso, Lorenzo. "War in Anatolia in the Post-Hittite Period: The Anatolian Hieroglyphic Inscription of Topada Revised." Journal of Cuneiform Studies 71 (January 2019): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/703857.

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Dalley, Stephanie. "Book Review: An Excellent Introduction to the Neo-Hittites: Annick Payne, Iron Age Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions." Expository Times 125, no. 10 (2014): 515–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0014524614524142n.

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Bobrik, Marina A., and Viktor K. Singkh. "A Witness of the Matrimonial Rituals from Old Novgorod. Inscription on a Bone from the 13th Century Excavated 2020." Slovene 10, no. 2 (2021): 22–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2021.10.2.2.

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In the summer of 2020, a fragment of a cow's rib with a Cyrillic inscription was found at excavations in Novgorod. The place of the find is one of the richest boyar estates in the Lyudin quarter of medieval Novgorod. The time of the document hitting the ground is the last quarter of the 13th—the first twenty years of the 14th century. The inscription is fully preserved, it contains a whole readable message. The historical and cultural value of the find lies in the content of its compact inscription: it is unique evidence of a bride-price agreement. The terminology is of value: the bride, on wh

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Massa, Michele, Christoph Bachhuber, Fatma Şahin, Hüseyin Erpehlivan, James Osborne, and Anthony J. Lauricella. "A landscape-oriented approach to urbanisation and early state formation on the Konya and Karaman plains, Turkey." Anatolian Studies 70 (2020): 45–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066154620000034.

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AbstractThis paper synthesises the data and results of the Konya Regional Archaeological Survey Project (2016–2020) in order to address the earliest evidence for cities and states on the Konya and Karaman plains, central Turkey. A nested and integrative approach is developed that draws on a wide range of spatially extensive datasets to outline meaningful trends in settlement, water management and regional defensive systems during the Bronze and Iron Ages. The significance of the regional centre of Türkmen-Karahöyük for a reconstruction of early state polities between the 13th and eighth centur

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Tokhtasiev, Sergei. "Tomb Stone of the Sons of Attes from Myrmekion." Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia 12, no. 3-4 (2006): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157005706779851345.

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AbstractThe author publishes a tomb stone of the 1st half of the 4th century BC discovered at the necropolis of the Bosporan city of Myrmekion (on the territory of Kerch). The name of the second buried person Kυαιανιζ should be probably read as Kυλιανιζ. The latter is known from a 4th century epitaph CIRB 162 and is often to be found on the ceramic stamps of Sinope as the name factory-owners. The name seems to be Paphlagonian, derived from the Hittito-Luvian anthroponymic stem Kul(a)-. Anatolian name of the father "Aττηζ known on the Bosporus from some other inscriptions of the 4th century BC,

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Hawkins, J. D. "Kuzi-Tešub and the “Great Kings” of Karkamiš." Anatolian Studies 38 (December 1988): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3642845.

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The recent discovery of a hitherto unknown king of Karkamiš of the Hittite Empire period is an event of some significance. This is the son of Talmi-Tešub (hitherto the last known king of the dynasty installed by Suppiluliumas I), Kuzi-Tešub by name, who is now attested on two impressions of his seal on bullae excavated at Lidar Höyük on the east bank of the Euphrates above Samsat.The seal has a fine Storm-God figure standing on two mountain-men in the centre, and the rest of this area, apart from filling motifs of a rosette and an animal, is occupied by an inscription in Hieroglyphic. Around t

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Hawkins, J. D. "The Lower Part of the Meharde Stele." Anatolian Studies 38 (December 1988): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3642851.

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Photographs of the lower part of a sculptured inscribed Neo-Hittite stele were brought to me at London University in May 1988 by its owner, Mr. Nassib Sabbagh, of Beirut. Visible on the obverse were the remains of a panel of sculpture showing a couchant lion facing right with a pair of human feet, frontally rendered, standing in the middle of its back. Below this were two lines of writing, running sinistroverse-dextroverse, and below that the remains of the tenon which would have fixed the stele in a morticed base. The lower right corner of the obverse was destroyed. Photographs of the sides s

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Seeliger, Henriette-Juliane. "A Tornado Hitting the Homeland: Disturbing American Foundational Myths in Bharati Mukherjee’s Jasmine." Humanities 9, no. 3 (2020): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h9030112.

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Historically, the United States has always been a country of immigration. Yet, in light of recent political events, a form of nativism and sedentarism is re-emerging that seeks to preserve what is generally perceived as essentially American: an ethnically white and male identity that has its origins in the foundational myths of the pastoral, the frontier, and the West. The American Midwest is where the allegedly “real” America lies: it is what Anthony D. Smith has termed an 2ethnoscape”: a landscape imbued with historical and cultural meaning that has come to represent true “Americanness”. In

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SCHÜRR, Diether. "Königliche Rekorde von Naram-Sin bis Erbbina: Ein altakkadischer Topos und seine Wandlungen im Laufe der Zeiten." Journal of Philia, December 1, 2023. https://doi.org/10.36991/philia.202312.

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Boasting with so and so many warlike deeds in one year is first attested in inscriptions of Naram-Sin, inaugurating a mainly Mesopotamian tradition, but recurring in the trilingual inscriptions of Darius I at Bisitun too. In an Old Hittite tale there is some sort of a female counterpart: The queen of Kaniš gives birth to 30 sons in one year. Much later an Urartian king uses the warlike topos, and the more or less contemporary new Late Luwian inscription of Hartapus has it almost certainly too. A similar topos are deeds in one day, mainly attested before 2000 BC and later in Urartu. Last came t

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Konstantinopoulos, Vasileios L. "Trojan War and Epic Cycle: The Historical and Literary Version Where, How, When and Why The Trojan War Myth was invented." Proceedings of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts 2, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/peasa.2023.1.

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There are two aspects about the Trojan War, the historical and the literary. For 1200 BC, the Late Bronze Age there are two epigraphical testimonies, the Hettite inscriptions and the Linear B tablets. Due to the fact that the latter do not contain historical information, only the Hettitic inscriptions remain, which provide us with very important historical information about the relationships between the Hittite empire, the kingdom of Troy and the kingdom of Ahhijawa. An important contribution to the historical reality is also offered by the excavations of the professor Manfred Korfmann (Univer

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Konstantinopoulos, Vasileios L. "Trojan War and epic cycle: the historical and literary version where, how, when and why the Trojan War myth was invented." Proceedings of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts 2 (July 11, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/peasa.1.

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There are two aspects about the Trojan War, the historical and the literary. For 1200 BC, the Late Bronze Age there are two epigraphical testimonies, the Hettite inscriptions and the Linear B tablets. Due to the fact that the latter do not contain historical information, only the Hettitic inscriptions remain, which provide us with very important historical information about the relationships between the Hittite empire, the kingdom of Troy and the kingdom of Ahhijawa. An important contribution to the historical reality is also offered by the excavations of the professor Manfred Korfmann (Univer

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Konstantinopoulos. "TROJAN WAR AND EPIC CYCLE:THE HISTORICAL AND LITERARY VERSION WHERE, HOW, WHEN AND WHY THE TROJAN WAR MYTH WAS INVENTED." July 11, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8135778.

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There are two aspects about the Trojan War, the historical and the literary. For 1200 BC, the Late Bronze Age there are two epigraphical testimonies, the Hettite inscriptions and the Linear B tablets. Due to the fact that the latter do not contain historical information, only the Hettitic inscriptions remain, which provide us with very important historical information about the relationships between the Hittite empire, the kingdom of Troy and the kingdom of Ahhijawa. An important contribution to the historical reality is also offered by the excavations of the professor Manfred Korfmann (Univer

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AKDOĞAN, Rukiye. "FROM ANATOLIAN WORD HATTİCE TABARNA TO İL-TEBER IN ANCIENT TURKIC PEOPLES." Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, July 29, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.1124289.

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In the cuneiform texts from Kayseri-Kültepe, is seen that Hattian t/labarna, an Anatolian word, has been used with special names since the 1800 BC. Later, in the Old Hittite Age, the name Labarna / Tabarna continued as the tradition of naming the king (Labarna I, Hattušili I (= Labarna II)). labarna-/tabarna- as the title of the Hittite kings, was used to mean king, ruler. It is clear that the first syllable of t/labarna, which we think is derived from the Sumerian word TAB (double, double, double, two-part), has a double, dual meaning. The title Tabarna/Labarna was used only for the "great ki

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OĞUZHANOĞLU, Umay. "Geç Tunç Çağı’nda Atriya ve Stratonikeia: Karia Tarihi Coğrafyası Üzerine Bazı Gözlemler." Archivum Anatolicum-Anadolu Arşivleri, March 7, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46931/aran.2022.16.1.8.

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The evaluation of the Hittite and Luwian inscriptions that mention Western Anatolia, and the extended archaeological research on the Bronze Age have led to an increase in knowledge and arguments about the historical geography of Western Anatolia. But the poor source of documents about Western Anatolia has made the research more challenging. It is known that one of the old names of the city of Stratonikeia, which is located on the Yatagan Plain in Muğla and is among the important cities of the region, is Idrias. It is suggested that Atriya can be localized within the territorium of Stratonikeia

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Brandon, Brown. "Paskuwatti's Ritual to Cure Sexual Dysfunction." Database of Religious History, June 27, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12574579.

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Paskuwatti's ritual is an invitation to the Hittite goddess Uliliyassi to assist a man who is unable to perform sexually with a woman. The ritual manuscript is a detailed description, told in the first person, of the ritual performed by Paskuwatti, an Arzawan woman (of far west Anatolia, or what is modern-day Turkey). Only one manuscript of the ritual has survived, KUB 7.8 + KUB 9.27 (+) KUB 7.5 (CTH 406), which dates to the thirteenth century. However, the composition itself was likely first written ca. 1400 BCE. The manuscript tablet's findspot is not known. Because there is one known extant

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Timothy, Hogue. "Yādiya/Sam'al." Database of Religious History, June 27, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12575063.

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The Kingdom of Yādiya, based at the city of Samʾal (modern Zincirli Höyük), was founded sometime in the 10th century BCE. Though the city's history stretches back to the Early Bronze Age, it was destroyed during the Late Bronze Age and remained unoccupied until it was resettled at the foundation of the kingdom. The kingdom's cultural practices are particularly notable for their combination of traditions otherwise known from so-called Aramean and Neo-Hittite polities. The kingdom also incorporated elements of Assyrian culture derived from interactions that began during the reign of Shalmenser I

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BWO, Researches Intl. "اصحاب کہف کی بستی اور غار کے تعین کاتنقیدی جائزہ: A Critical Review of the Settlement and Cave of the Companions of Kahf". International "Journal of Academic Research for Humanities" 3, № 4 (2024). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10497864.

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In the Islamic and Christian traditions, the Seven Sleepers, otherwise known as Aṣḥāb al-Kahf, Sleepers of Ephesus and Companions of the Cave is a medieval legend about a group of youths who hid inside a cave outside the city of Ephesus around AD 250 to some 300 years later. So many sites have been attributed to the "Cave of the Seven Sleepers", but none have been archaeologically proven to be the actual site. As the earliest versions of the legend spread from Ephesus, an early Christian catacomb came to be associated with it, attracting scores of pilgrims. On the slopes of Mount Pion (Mount C

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Réveilhac, Florian. "Onomastic interferences in Lycia: Greek reinterpretation of Lycian personal names." BAF-Online: Proceedings of the Berner Altorientalisches Forum 4, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.22012/baf.2019.22.

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As is well known, Lycia, located on the south-western coast of Asia Minor, was a multicultural and polyglossian area, especially during the second half of the Ist millennium B.C. From the 4th century B.C. onwards — that is before Alexander’s conquests — Greek writing and language became more and more predominant in that region, as a language of prestige, to the detriment of Lycian, which is an Anatolian language related to Luwian and Hittite. Although most of the indigenous personal names persisted in Lycia until the first centuries A.D., as evidenced by their large number found in Greek

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Gander, Max. "Tlos, Oinoanda and the Hittite Invasion of the Lukka lands. Some Thoughts on the History of North-Western Lycia in the Late Bronze and Iron Ages." Klio 96, no. 2 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/klio-2014-0039.

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SummaryThe present article contains observations on the invasion of Lycia by the Hittite king Tudhaliya IV as described in the Yalburt inscription. The author questions the commonly found identification of the land of

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Arroyo Cambronero, Ana. "El significado simbólico del nombre en la cultura hitita y su relación con la figura a la que acompaña." ISIMU 18 (May 25, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/isimu2015-2016.18-19.023.

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Buena parte de los relieves antropomorfos hititas están acompañados, al menos, por una inscripción que contiene el nombre de la persona representada. La inclusión de la onomástica junto a la figura cumple una función identificativa, pero también simbólica que se corrobora gracias a ciertos pasos de rituales mágicos. Entre la onomástica y la figura se establece una relación directa que permite interpretar el conjunto como una estructura sintáctica en la que ambos componentes se influyen y complementan mutuamente. El objetivo de la presente contribución es interpretar y explicar esta función sim

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Giuseppe, Minunno. "Tell Afis (Syria)." Database of Religious History, June 27, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12573663.

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Tell Afis is located in north-western inner Syria. The occupation of the site dates back to Late Neolithic and expanded in the Bronze Age, when the area was also exposed to Hittite political and cultural influence. The site, however, reached its peak in the Iron Age I-II, when the city became an Aramaean capital city named Hazrek (known as Hatarikka in the Assyrian sources and as Hadrach in the Bible). The ethnic components of the site population are difficult to identify, but probably included individuals of Aramaean, Luwian, and Phoenician origin. Several massive buildings of a probably reli

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Meesters, Renaat. "Muski, Phrygiërs en koning Midas." Tetradio 21, no. 1 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/tetradio.91819.

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The aim of this article is to discuss the thesis that the Muski and the Phrygians are the same people and that king Midas is identical to king Mita. The Muski are known only from Iron Age Assyrian chronicles. The oldest documents concerning the Muski show that they lived in northern Mesopotamia around 1165 BC.They flourished under the reign of Sargon II in the late 8th century BC, when their king Mita undertook military campaigns in the region of Neo-Hittite Tabal and Que. The Phrygians, in turn, find their origin in the Balkan. After their migration to Asia, possibly recorded in archaeology,

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Matthew, Saunders. "Katumuwa Stele from Sam'al." Database of Religious History, June 27, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12574471.

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The Katumuwa Stele is a monumental funerary effigy from the eighth century BCE that was commissioned by a royal official named Katumuwa (or possibly Kuttamuwa) from the Aramean kingdom of Samʾal (also called Yaʾdiya). It was discovered in July of 2008 during the Oriential Institute's Neubeauer Expedition in Zincirli, Turkey and subsequently published the following year (Pardee 2009 [editio princeps]). Zincirli (ancient Samʾal/Yaʾdiya), a 40-hectare ruin mound (Turkish höyük, Arabic tell), served as the capital city of the Iron Age kingdom of Samʾal (fl. 900-713 BCE) and afterward as a province

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Melchert, H. Craig, and Ilya Yakubovich. "Binding and Smiting." Journal of the American Oriental Society 142, no. 2 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.7817/jaos.142.2.2022.ar018.

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   The purpose of this paper is to offer evidence for a set of related formulaic expres- sions meaning ‘bond and blow’, ‘of binding and smiting’, and ‘the substitute for binding and smiting’ in Luvian cuneiform texts of the second millennium bCe. The passages where the relevant formulae are attested have resisted a coherent interpretation thus far. Our argumentation is three-pronged. First, we resort to the combinatorial method to show that these formulae occur in the vicinity of other merisms, and therefore are likely to constitute the same figure of speech. Further- more, w

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De Boel, Gunnar. "U zei “Grieken”? Veel namen voor één volk, of veel volkeren met één taal?" Tetradio 26, no. 1 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/tetradio.91861.

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Homer uses the names ‘Achaeans’, ‘Danaäns’ and ‘Argives’ indiscriminately when he wants to refer to the Greeks collectively, but these names must originally have designated different peoples. The discovery and subsequent decipherment of the ‘Aegean List’ of Kom-el-Hetan in Egypt has established beyond doubt that the ancient Egyptians knew Mycenae and its reign, which Homer himself calls ‘Argos’, while they called it ‘Danaia’. The link with the ‘Danaäns’, and with the mythological role of King Danaos, is obvious. On the other hand, there is a consensus now that the land ‘Ahhiawa’ in Hittite sou

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