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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'HSV system'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Al-Sulaiman, Abdulrahman. "Serological array for the diagnosis of viral infection of the central nervous system." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/serological-array-for-the-diagnosis-of-viral-infection-of-the-central-nervous-system(5c23bcf7-0679-437a-9617-342fc53e96d7).html.

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Encephalitis caused by the alphaherpes viruses HSV 1, HSV 2 and VZV can be devastating and rapid, accurate diagnosis is required. Whilst existing molecular techniques are invaluable in diagnosing acute disease, detection of antibody is needed to confirm infection and to make a diagnosis after the acute stage or during post-infectious encephalitis. Current immunoassays are limited by the volume of sample required. The aim of this project was to develop a rapid, accurate, low sample volume assay to improve diagnosis using Luminex technology.The immunodominant proteins of HSV and VZV, glycoprotei

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2

Van, Buren Lauren Kay. "HSV-1 Infection of C3H Central Nervous System Cell Lines." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1189746668.

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3

Branston, Ruth Helen. "Development of HSV-1 vectors for applications in the peripheral nervous system." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395032.

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4

Smith, Christopher. "An analysis of HSV-1 mediated transgene expression in the mammalian nervous system." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621416.

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5

Raza, Mansoor. "The use of HSV-1 vectors for transgene expression in the mammalian nervous system." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613044.

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6

Gleadhill, Claire, and Demetrio Jr Macariola. "Time to Think Deeper when HSV is Presenting in an Unusual Way." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/153.

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This study demonstrates the first case report in which an NK Cell deficiency initially presented as an asymptomatic disseminated herpes simplex viremia (HSV). A pre-term 13- day- old patient presented with disseminated HSV after investigation because his twin brother was found to have HSV vesicular lesions. The patient remained asymptomatic throughout the entire hospital course. While 40% of neonates never exhibit vesicular lesions, most of the infants will be symptomatic with DIC and/or respiratory and/or hepatic failure. The HSV development in his twin brother prompted immediate multiple HSV

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7

Khoja, Suhail. "HSV-1 amplicon system for human artificial chromosome formation in human ES/iPS cells and pluripotency induction." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6b04170b-f2d9-4114-9511-05a1a98ccfec.

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Development of safe and efficient approaches for gene delivery in human embryonic stem cells (hESc) and particularly in human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells, which can be derived in a person-specific manner, is considered to be imperative for harnessing their full potential in both the basic and applied research. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of human artificial chromosome (HAC) for gene delivery and expression in hESc and hiPS cells. HAC offers many potential advantages including the provision for carrying large genes with corresponding regulatory elements to obta

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8

RUSSO, VENERA. "THE ROLE OF INTESTINAL IMMUNE SYSTEM IN HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 1âMEDIATED ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM DYSFUNCTIONS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424353.

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Intestinal neuropathies have been described in a variety of functional and inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders. Although the degenerative alterations and neuronal are often associated to a lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Potential etiologic factors are neurotropic viruses, since they are able to specifically infect neurons and cause cell damage through direct or indirect mechanisms. Among the neurotrophic viruses the HSV-1 shows several interesting features. HSV-1 is most commonly known to latently infect the trigeminal ganglion of cranial ne

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9

Goring, Daphne R. "The HSV-1 thymidine kinase gene as a system to analyze chromosomal mutations in a human cell line /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64475.

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10

Dixon, David A. "Development of a Co-culture System to Mimic the Transfection of HSV-1 from Keratinocytes to Neuronal Cells." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1401894059.

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11

INGUSCI, SELENE. "Herpetic vectors for safe, long-term gene transfer in the central nervous system." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2487861.

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After a dramatic stop following the initial clinical trials in 1990s, gene therapy has had an encouraging new start in recent years. Signiﬁcant improvements in vector engineering, delivery, and safety have placed viral vector-based therapy at the forefront of modern medicine for the treatment of many metabolic, cardiovascular, muscular and oncologic diseases, with nearly 3000 clinical trials completed by 2017. However, one of the major challenges of gene therapy remain the development of therapeutic strategies for central nervous system (CNS) disorders. No cure is available for the vast majori

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12

NICOLI, Francesco. "Interactions between herpesviruses and the human immune system in old age." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2481326.

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Il processo di invecchiamento è accompagnato da un declino delle funzioni immunitarie che può svolgere un ruolo importante nella bassa efficacia delle vaccinazioni nelle persone anziane. Tuttavia, non è chiaro se esista una cooperazione fra meccanismi intrinseci legati all'età e fattori esterni (come le infezioni con virus persistenti) nella progressione dell'immunosenescenza. Lo scopo di questo lavoro è di studiare l'interazione tra il sistema immunitario dell'ospite e 3 principali herpesvirus (HSV-1, CMV ed EBV). Per raggiungere questo scopo, mi sono concentrato prima sull'effetto delle in

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13

Tatman, Jacqueline Dawn. "An investigation into the structure and assembly of the Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) capsid using the baculovirus expression system." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307195.

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14

Simpson, Kirsty Mairi. "The development of a novel and efficient HAC vector delivery system to human cells." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3ebefa0e-ee34-41ed-90ca-10ddd97d214a.

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Human Artificial Chromosomes (HACs) have been confirmed as viable gene expression vectors and a potential tool for gene therapy. However, standard lipid-based delivery methods pose a developmental barrier. The work presented in this thesis includes the development of a novel and efficient HAC vector system for gene delivery into human cells using Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) amplicon technology. The development of HSV-1 amplicons for HAC delivery is a major step forward in the HAC field. In this study, utilising the technology allowed the generation of HACs at a high efficiency in a range of

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15

Alradi, Fahad Mohammed. "The Response of Unpolarized Macrophages (RAW 264.7)/Keratinocytes (PAM-212) Monolayer and Co-Culture System to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) Replication during the Infection." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1525337119493727.

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16

Perry, Sara Jane St John. "Novel delivery systems for SIV antigens." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321085.

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17

Judge, Chelsey J. "IL-7-MEDIATED CD56BRIGHT NK CELL FUNCTION IS IMPAIRED IN HCV IN PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF CONTROLLED HIV INFECTION, WHILE CD14BRIGHTCD16- MONOCYTES NEGATIVELY CORRELATE WITH CD4 MEMORY T CELLS AND HCV DECLINE DURING HCV-HIV CO-INFECTION." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1481187921533387.

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18

Lin, Tzu-Hsi. "Reevaluating twelve-tone music analytical issues in the second music of Anton Webern's Quartet for violin, clarinet, tenor saxophone and piano, op. 22 /." Thesis, connect to online resource, 2006. http://www.unt.edu/etd/all/Aug2006/lin%5Ftzu-hsi/index.htm.

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19

Appelgren, Jörgen, and Fredrik Kjellström. "LCC-analys av FTX-system : En jämförelse av centralt- och lägenhetsplacerat." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-172562.

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This report is the result of a thesis conducted at the consulting firm Bjerking AB andis the final part of the Bachelor Programme in Construction Engineering at Universityof Uppsala. The work aims to investigate the costs and how the choice of ventilationsystem affects building projects during a long-term period. This report covers costssuch as investment, maintenance and energy but also how they affect residents andbuilders. Building regulations for energy consumption are expected to be tougher;therefore a comparison of two different heat recovery ventilation systems(HRV-system) was made. One

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20

Oyeyemi, Oyebode. "Modelling HIV-1 interaction with the host system." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/modelling-hiv1-interaction-with-the-host-system(41095e34-78dd-4b75-bd25-9695a4cc768f).html.

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) is the pathogenic agent of HIV infection thatprecedes the total breakdown of cellular immunity, a condition known as acquiredimmunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The pandemic nature of the disease has promptedintense research into its biology. Already, much is known about HIV-1 infection, lifecycle,and progression to aids. Systems biology enables the combination of complex data fromthese studies into a framework where their effect on the various levels of cellularorganization (i.e. Pathways, cells, tissues, organs and the whole body) could be studied insilico.

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21

Bennett, Cudjoe A. "Urban Health Systems Strengthening| The Community Defined Health System for HIV/AIDS and Diabetes Services in Korogocho, Kenya." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10146927.

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<p> Background: Low- and middle-income countries have been experiencing unprecedented rates of urbanization. Rapid urbanization has attributed to an upsurge in non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers in these countries. Most low- and middle-income countries are also still struggling to control communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. This phenomenon, described as the double burden of disease, places greater strains on urban health systems and vulnerable urban populations, such as slum dwellers, who are likely to bear the brunt

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22

Wodarz, Dominik. "Mathematical models of virus immune system interactions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268104.

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23

Awotedu, Kofoworola Olajire. "Functional changes of the vasculature in HIV/AIDS patients on Haart and Haart Naïve HIV participants." Thesis, Walter Sisulu University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11260/185.

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The present study sought to explore the functional changes that occur in the vasculature of HIV positive participants of African origin in Mthatha district of South africa which might lead to increased risk in their cardiovascular system. Available literature shows that arterial stiffness plays an important role in cardiovascular events such as stroke, vasculitis and myocardial infarction. Measurement of (aortic pulse wave velocity; PWV) provides some of the strongest evidence concerning the prognostic significance of large artery stiffening. This study was aimed at investigating the relations

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24

Lindskog, Klara. "Development and evaluation of a HRV Biofeedback System." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknik och hälsa (STH), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-154807.

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This is a master thesis project written at the School of Technology and Health within KTH, Flemingsberg. It consisted of making improvements in an existing application for tablets used for training HRV biofeedback that was developed as part of an earlier master thesis within the same school. The software involves the user in paced breathing according to an established method. The method with HRV biofeedback visualises and trains HRV while the user performs paced breathing. This means that the user maximises the variations of time between heart beats which may have potential to reduce stress an

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25

Makazha, Timothy. "Assessment of the quality of HIV data in an electronic system in a health sub-district in the Eastern Cape." University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7700.

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Magister Commercii (Information Management) - MCom(IM)<br>In South Africa, public health facilities provide free antiretroviral treatment (ART) mainly via primary healthcare (PHC) nurses. To streamline data collection an electronic HIV information system (TIER.Net), was introduced in 2010. Data originates in paper-based records completed by clinicians with the data from these paper systems then being captured into TIER.Net by clerical data capturers. TIER.Net is designed to effectively monitor outcomes of the ART programme and generate information for planning, management and decision mak

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26

Yao, Felix Caspar. "Investigation on the risk of viral infection in musculoskeletal grafts." University of Western Australia. School of Surgery, 2010. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0068.

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[Truncated abstract] Around 50,000 hip and knee replacements are performed every year in Australia and this number has been increasing by around 13% annually since 1998 (Transplantation Society 2006). The incidence and number of revision surgery has increased by a similar proportion. Autogenous bone or allograft is still the gold standard grafting material and is currently used in a variety of reconstructive surgical procedures. The use of any allograft material carries with it the risk of transfer of disease from donor to recipient. These tissues can transmit the same viral and bacterial infe

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27

Du, Toit Eben Francois. "Modelling the co-infection dynamics of HIV-1 and M. tuberculosis." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08172008-213855.

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28

Shawa, Remmy Malama. "Exploring experiences of HIV counsellors towards the HIV counselling and testing policy in Zambia’s public urban health centers." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6027.

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29

Thuma, Edwin. "A semi-automated FAQ retrieval system for HIV/AIDS." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6280/.

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This thesis describes a semi-automated FAQ retrieval system that can be queried by users through short text messages on low-end mobile phones to provide answers on HIV/AIDS related queries. First we address the issue of result presentation on low-end mobile phones by proposing an iterative interaction retrieval strategy where the user engages with the FAQ retrieval system in the question answering process. At each iteration, the system returns only one question-answer pair to the user and the iterative process terminates after the user's information need has been satisfied. Since the proposed

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30

Kenny, J. M. "The impact of HIV and antiretroviral therapy on the cardiovascular system of HIV-infected children." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1476295/.

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Background Cardiovascular disease is increased in HIV-infected adults but the underlying aetiology is incompletely understood. Pre-clinical changes in cardiovascular structure and arterial stiffness in HIV-infected children are described in mainly middle to high-income countries with minimal longitudinal data available. Limited cross-sectional data is available from Africa in settings where 90% of HIV-infected children live. Methods ART-naïve and ART-experienced (on d4T+3TC+NNRTI for >2years, virologically suppressed at enrolment) HIV-infected children underwent serial assessment within the C

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31

Cao, Elaine Phu. "Decision making in the HIV/AIDS supply chain." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40108.

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Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2007.<br>"June 2007." Vita.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-55).<br>During the first two decades of HIV/AIDS awareness, the U.S. and foreign governments responded slowly to the crisis. In contrast today, as the pandemic continues, initiatives of nonprofit organizations have dramatically increased the amount of available funding. Countries must work to effectively allocate the influx of resources. This paper examines one area for improvement within the context of the developing

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32

Awotedu, Kofoworola Olajire. "Functional changes of the vasculature leading to some cardiovascular risk factors in HIV/AIDS patients." Thesis, Walter Sisulu University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11260/d1015712.

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The present study sought to explore the functional changes that occur in the vasculature of HIV positive participants of African origin in Mthatha district of South africa which might lead to increased risk in their cardiovascular system. Available literature shows that arterial stiffness plays an important role in cardiovascular events such as stroke, vasculitis and myocardial infarction. Measurement of (aortic pulse wave velocity; PWV) provides some of the strongest evidence concerning the prognostic significance of large artery stiffening. This study was aimed at investigating the relations

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33

Yilmaz, Aylin. "Antiretroviral treatment of HIV-1 in the central nervous system /." Göteborg : Department of Infectious Diseases, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/4438.

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34

Chachage, Mkunde. "Immune system modulation by infections with Helminths and HIV-1." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-168064.

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35

Joseph, Asma. "Expert system adjudication of hospital data in HIV disease management." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12066.

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Includes abstract.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>HIV Disease Management Programs (DMP's) are comprehensive programs that are designed to manage the HIV infected patient's treatment in an integrated manner.

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36

Powell, Megan Olivia. "Mathematical Models of the Activated Immune System During HIV Infection." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1301415627.

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37

Forbes, Vanessa J. "Structural system reliability framework for fixed offshore platforms." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844459/.

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This research has arisen from recent changes in attitudes to offshore safety. To help demonstrate structural safety to the Health and Safety Executive, operators are increasingly using structural system reliability assessments. While significant developments have been achieved in this area, there are still a number of uncertainties associated with such assessments. Unresolved technical issues also introduce significant variability in the results. The aim of this project is to develop a framework for system reliability, which will set a basis for moving towards more consistent reliability asses

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38

Söderling, Filip. "Structural analysis of HSC hull design for JFD swimmer delivery system." Thesis, KTH, Marina system, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-234836.

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Fiber composites are widely used for small high-speed crafts due to their high strength to weight ratio. James Fisher Defense (JFD) has developed a high-speed swimmer delivery system called SEAL Carrier which is built upon a carbon fiber structure. The SEAL Carrier structure is designed according to Det Norske Veritas (DNV) rules for classification from 2011. Since the merge between DNV and Germanischer Lloyd (GL), a harmonization of the rule sets was per-formed and in 2016 a new set of rules were adopted. The analysis carried out in this thesis aims to give an understanding for JFD how their

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39

Abdelgayed, Mohamed E. "Design and Control the Ancillary System for Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicle (HHV)." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1278075678.

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40

Yang, Luping. "Molecular mechanisms of TAR-independent regulation by HIV-1 tat in central nervous system-derived glial cells." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25338.

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41

Chow, Wai Heng. "Micromachined HBV triplers for integrated millimetre-wave sub-systems." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426830.

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42

Beegan, Andrew Peter. "Wavelet-based Image Compression Using Human Visual System Models." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32939.

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Recent research in transform-based image compression has focused on the wavelet transform due to its superior performance over other transforms. Performance is often measured solely in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and compression algorithms are optimized for this quantitative metric. The performance in terms of subjective quality is typically not evaluated. Moreover, the sensitivities of the human visual system (HVS) are often not incorporated into compression schemes. This paper develops new wavelet models of the HVS and illustrates their performance for various scalar wav

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43

Akhtar, Lisa Nowoslawski. "The role of SOCS proteins in HIV immune evasion." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2010. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2010p/akhtar.pdf.

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Mburu, Christine Wanjiru. "Enhancing home based care for HIV patients using an advisory expert system." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6642.

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South Africa has one of the highest Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevalence rates in the world. People living with HIV/AIDS experience many unrelieved symptoms. Nutritional care and support are important in preventing development of nutritional deficiencies. Home remedies can extend and improve the quality of their lives. Home remedies treatment involves eating healthy food, avoiding certain types of foods, psychological and emotional support and practicing hygiene to avoid skin infections (Sizani, Bandile; Nikiwe 2012). HIV/AIDS treatment and management strategies require ongoing manage

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Mendes, Adriano. "A baculovirus-mediated expression system for the analysis of HaSV RNA packaging." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004085.

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The Helicoverpa armigera stunt virus (HaSV) is a member of a family of small nonenveloped (+) ssRNA insect viruses currently known as the Tetraviridae. This family is unique in terms of the T=4 quasi-symmetry of its capsid particles and the unusually narrow host range and tissue tropism. Assembly of tetraviral particles has been well characterised and involves the combination of 240 copies of a single capsid precursor protein (VCap) into a procapsid followed by autoproteolytic cleavage to yield the major (β) and minor (γ) capsid subunits within the mature particle. HaSV has two genomic RNAs, R

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Pikora, Cheryl A. "Type-Specific Immunity in HIV-1 Vertically Infected Infants." eScholarship@UMMS, 1995. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/83.

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High frequencies of CTL recognizing laboratory strains of HIV-1 are present in HIV-1 infected adults as early as preseroconversion. The presence of HIV-1 specific CTL during primary infection has been correlated with better control of early viremia and a more delayed onset of CD4 lymphocyte loss. Previous experiments in our laboratory have demonstrated that, unlike HIV-1 infected adults, the majority of vertically infected infants lack CTL which recognize laboratory strains of HIV-1 within the first year of life. ADCC antibody responses against laboratory strains of HIV-1 env gene products are

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47

Ritsou, Elena. "The role of CD4 and CXCR4 mediated apoptosis in T cell depletion during HIV-1 infection." Thesis, Open University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390903.

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48

Mallard, Jaclyn. "The Role of Monocyte/Macrophages in Central Nervous System Infection with SIV-induced Neuropathogenesis." Thesis, Boston College, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107921.

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Thesis advisor: Kenneth C. Williams<br>Thesis advisor: Welkin Johnson<br>Neuropathogenesis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) is likely instigated by chronic immune activation in response to residual infection in the central nervous system (CNS), where combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has limited access. Monocyte/macrophages (Mo/Mϕ) constitute the predominant population of infected cells in the CNS and play a major role in HIV-induced neuropathogenesis. Emergence of compartmentalized HIV subpopulations in the brain corresponds with accumulation of HIV-infected Mo/Mϕ and is

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49

Sotsios, Yannis. "Chemokines and T cells : activation requirements for RANTES secretion and CXCR4 signalling in mature T cells." Thesis, University of Bath, 2000. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323606.

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50

Kenway, O. A. "Molecular dynamics simulations of complex systems including HIV-1 protease." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/19485/.

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Advances in supercomputer architectures have resulted in a situation where many scientific codes are used on systems whose performance characteristics differ considerably from the platform they were developed and optimised for. This is particularly apparent in the realm of Grid computing, where new technologies such as MPIg allow researchers to connect geographically disparate resources together into virtual parallel machines. Finding ways to exploit these new resources efficiently is necessary both to extract the maximum benefit from them, and to provide the enticing possibility of enabling n

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