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Journal articles on the topic 'Hydrogen chloride'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Gambardella, Mario, Santad Kongpricha, James J. Pitts, and Albert W. Jache. "Disproportionation of chlorine in hydrogen fluoride and related media." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 11 (1989): 1828–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-283.

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Chlorine can be made to disproportionate to chlorine monofluoride and chloride, taking advantage of Le Chatelier's principle in several different ways. It will disproportionate to form insoluble silver chloride and chlorine monofluoride when silver fluoride is present. It will disproportionate in a melt of alkali metal fluorides to form alkali metal chlorides and chlorine monofluoride. The alkali metal chlorides will react with hydrogen fluoride to regenerate the metal fluorides and hydrogen chloride. Chlorine will also disproportionate in hydrogen fluoride containing antimony pentafluoride to

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2

Kolmakov, Kirill A. "Reactions of aniline in acetic acid solutions containing cyanuric chloride and hydrogen chloride acceptors." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 85, no. 12 (2007): 1070–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v07-129.

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Two reaction pathways in acetic acid solution containing cyanuric chloride, aniline, and some hydrogen chloride acceptors (triethylamine, sodium acetate, pyridine) were studied. Both aryl amination and acylation can be performed with high yields under proper reaction conditions. Contrary to the only known literature report on the reactions between carbonic acids and cyanuric chloride in the presence of a hydrogen chloride acceptor (triethylamine), it was established that acid chlorides are not formed. A scheme involving the replacement of chlorine atoms by acetate ion in the initial stage was

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3

DUBROVINA, K. R., T. R. SHAKIROV, A. Z. SULEYMANOVA, and A. I. KHATSRINOV. "POSSIBILITY TO RETURN TO THE CYCLE OF HYDROGEN CHLORIDE CAPTURE WITH CAUSTIC SODA BY CONCENTRATING IT AND COMPLETE EXTRACTION OF COMMERCIAL SODIUM CHLORIDE." Herald of Technological University 27, no. 8 (2024): 82–86. https://doi.org/10.55421/1998-7072_2024_27_8_82.

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The chlorine industry does not lose its relevance and serves as a valuable raw material for the production of organochlorine compounds and inorganic products. The main products in demand in the chlorine industry are vinyl chloride, methylene chloride, chlorinated paraffin, chlorine-containing pesticides, hydrochloric acid, chlorine gas, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, calcium chlorate, and alkali metal perchlorates. The production of commercial organic and inorganic products generates significant hydrogen chloride waste, causing serious technical, economic and environmental problems. Th

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4

Moratalla, Ángela, Mayra K. S. Monteiro, Cristina Sáez, Elisama V. Dos Santos, and Manuel A. Rodrigo. "Full and Sustainable Electrochemical Production of Chlorine Dioxide." Catalysts 12, no. 3 (2022): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12030315.

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With the final purpose of manufacturing electrochemically-based devices that produce chloride dioxide efficiently, this paper focuses on the production of chlorates and hydrogen peroxide in two different electrochemical cells, in which operation conditions are selected to obtain high efficiencies, and in the subsequent combination of both electrochemically manufactured solutions to produce chlorine dioxide. Results demonstrate that suitable reagents can be produced by electrolyzing 20 g L−1 sodium chloride solutions at 50 mA cm−2 and 50 °C, and 3000 mg L−1 NaClO4 solutions at 5.0 mA cm−2 and 1

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5

Dessain, Edison C., and Dennis Anderson. "A Study of the Interaction of Phthalate Esters with Chlorine-Containing Polymers." Applied Spectroscopy 46, no. 1 (1992): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702924444281.

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The infrared spectra of blends of various ortho-phthalate esters with polyvinyl chloride) and vinylidene chloride/(20%)acrylonitrile copolymer were recorded. The data indicate that the lowering of the ester carbonyl absorption frequency is due to a dipole-dipole/complex type interaction between the carbonyl of the ester and the chlorine of the polymer in addition to hydrogen bonding with acidic hydrogens. The lowering of the absorption frequence increases with an increase in the amount of chlorine in the polymer chain.

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6

Gray, Lilian, and Peter G. Jones. "Secondary Bonding Interactions in Some Dichloroanilinium Chlorides." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 57, no. 1 (2002): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2002-0109.

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Of the six structures presented here, five involve clearly defined hydrophilic layers built up from classical hydrogen bonding systems. Of three solvent-free structures, 2,4- and 3,5-dichloroanilinium chlorides both form ribbon structures involving annelated R24 (8) rings with NH2 donors (two hydrogen atoms from the positively charged NH3 groups) and chloride acceptors. The ribbons are linked by weaker interactions to form layers. 2,5-Dichloroanilinium chloride forms a layer structure directly, with rings R36 (12) exactly analogous to those previously observed in 2-chloroanilinium chloride. 2,

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7

Pan, H. Y., R. G. Minet, S. W. Benson, and T. T. Tsotsis. "Process for Converting Hydrogen Chloride to Chlorine." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 33, no. 12 (1994): 2996–3003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00036a014.

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8

Frey, Matthias, and Peter G. Jones. "Secondary Bonding Interactions in Some Halopyridinium and Dihalopyridinium Halides." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 56, no. 9 (2001): 889–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2001-0905.

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Abstract The packing motifs of 2-and 3-chloropyridinium chloride can be interpreted in terms of classical hydrogen bonds N+-H···Cl- and non-classical C-H···Cl-" interactions, with halo-gen-halogen contacts playing a subordinate role. In the corresponding bromine derivatives, Br···Br interactions are much more important. Of the dihalo derivatives, 3,5-dichloropyridinium chloride crystallises with classical linear hydrogen bonds of the form N+-H···Cl- , but its chlorine-chlorine interactions are at best weak; the corresponding bromine derivative displays aggregates of bromine atoms and three-cen

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9

Kang, Linda, Genevieve Lynch, Will Lynch, and Clifford Padgett. "Manganese(II) chloride complexes with pyridineN-oxide (PNO) derivatives and their solid-state structures." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 73, no. 10 (2017): 1434–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989017012038.

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Three manganese(II)N-oxide complexes have been synthesized from the reaction of manganese(II) chloride with either pyridineN-oxide (PNO), 2-methylpyridineN-oxide (2MePNO) or 3-methylpyridineN-oxide (3MePNO). The compounds were synthesized from methanolic solutions of MnCl2·4H2O and the respectiveN-oxide, and subsequently characterized structurally by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compounds arecatena-poly[[aquachloridomanganese(II)]-di-μ-chlorido-[aquachloridomanganese(II)]-bis(μ-pyridineN-oxide)], [MnCl2(C5H5NO)(H2O)]nor [MnCl2(PNO)(H2O)]n(I),catena-poly[[aquachloridomanganese(II)]-di-

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10

McLennan, Duncan J., Allan R. Stein, and Brian Dobson. "Chlorine isotope effects in the solvolysis of substituted 1-phenylethyl chlorides." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 6 (1986): 1201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v86-199.

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Kinetic chlorine isotope effects attending the solvolysis of several ring-substituted 1-phenylethyl chlorides in alcohol–water solvent mixtures are reported. The k35/k37 values are insensitive to the identity of ring substituents and to solvent composition. Results are interpreted in terms of an SN1 heterolytic process incorporating a significant amount of internal return. Theoretical calculations suggest that the incipient chloride ion in the transition state may be strongly hydrogen-bonded.

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11

Qiu, Yinan, Yan Yang, Na Yang, et al. "Corrosion of Iron Covered with Iron Oxide Film by Chlorine and Hydrogen Chloride Gases: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study Using the ReaxFF." Energies 15, no. 12 (2022): 4237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15124237.

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Flue gas produced by biomass fuel combustion contains various chlorine-containing substances and is an important factor causing biomass boiler corrosion. The corrosion processes of chlorine, hydrogen chloride and water on iron covered with an intact/damaged oxide film were investigated under the high temperature of 1300 K through reactive molecular dynamics simulation. The results show that the diffusion processes of oxygen and chlorine are similar and can be divided into three stages: rapid diffusion, continuous diffusion, and no oxide film (stable). Oxygen diffusion in Fe2O3 into a pure iron

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12

Zhang, Yulin, Shiyu Wang, Yi Tian, et al. "Multi-Physically Cross-Linked Hydrogels for Flexible Sensors with High Strength and Self-Healing Properties." Polymers 15, no. 18 (2023): 3748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15183748.

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Excellent mechanical properties and self-healing properties are very important for the practical application of hydrogel flexible sensors. In this study, acrylic acid and stearyl methyl acrylate were selected as monomers to synthesize hydrophobic association hydrogels, and multi-physically cross-linked hydrogels were synthesized by adding ferric chloride and polyvinyl alcohol to introduce ion interaction and a hydrogen bond cross-linking network. The hydrogels were characterized by FTIR, XRD and SEM, and the mechanical properties and self-healing properties were tested using a universal testin

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13

Janků, Josef, Jiří Burkhard, and Luděk Vodička. "Reaction of adamantanone, diamantanone, and their derivatives with thionyl chloride." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 52, no. 8 (1987): 2028–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19872028.

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In reaction of adamantanone, diamantanone, and their chloro or oxo derivatives with thionyl chloride the oxo group is replaced with two chlorine atoms under formation of geminal dichloro derivatives. The presence of a chlorine atom or an oxo group in both ketones reduces the reaction rate. The reaction rate decreases with decreasing distance between the substituent and the carbonyl group. Ketones with chlorine atom in α- or β-axial position do not react with thionyl chloride. The reaction is accelerated by hydrogen chloride whereas in the presence of pyridine no reaction was observed.

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14

Ioni, Yulia, and Victoria Ibragimova. "Study of Sorption Activity of Carbon Nanomaterials for Capture of Chlorine-Containing Gases." Clean Technologies 7, no. 2 (2025): 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol7020039.

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Chlorine gas and hydrogen chloride are highly reactive chemicals that pose a significant hazard to living organisms upon direct contact. Also, chlorine-containing gases are often by-products of industrial chemical synthesis and can be released into the air as a result of accidents. This can lead to great pollution of the environment. To remove toxic gases, various filter systems can be used. Filters based on carbon nanomaterials can be suitable for capturing gaseous chlorine-containing substances, preventing their spread into the air. In this work, the sorption activity of various carbon-based

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15

Trokhimovskiy, A., A. A. Fedorova, K. S. Olsen, et al. "Isotopes of chlorine from HCl in the Martian atmosphere." Astronomy & Astrophysics 651 (July 2021): A32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202140916.

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Hydrogen chloride gas was recently discovered in the atmosphere of Mars during southern summer seasons. Its connection with potential chlorine reservoirs and the related atmospheric chemistry is now of particular interest and actively studied. Measurements by the Atmospheric Chemistry Suite mid-infrared channel (ACS MIR) on the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter allow us to measure the ratio of hydrogen chloride two stable isotopologues, H35Cl and H37Cl. This work describes the observation, processing technique, and derived values for the chloride isotope ratio. Unlike other volatiles in the Martian at

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16

Hu, Bin Sheng, Xiao Guang Liu, Yong Liang Gui, and Kai Lv. "Thermodynamic Calculation of Hydrogen Chloride Generation in Blast Furnace Smelting Process." Advanced Materials Research 1033-1034 (October 2014): 1300–1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1033-1034.1300.

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The generating pathways of hydrogen chloride in blast furnace smelting process may have two pathways: 1.sodium chloride and water react with phosphorus pentaoxide forming hydrogen chloride gas.2. Sodium chloride and water react with sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide forming hydrogen chloride gas. Based on Thermodynamic calculation of hydrogen chloride generation in blast furnace smelting process, hydrogen chloride gas is generated in the upper part of blast furnace shaft ,the generating temperature main range from 300°C too 800°C.

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17

Silina, I. S., Е. А. Katsman, Yu A. Treger, et al. "KINETICS OF OXIDATIVE CHLORINATION OF METHANE." Fine Chemical Technologies 12, no. 2 (2017): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2017-12-2-50-61.

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Heterogeneous oxidative chlorination of methane was investigated. The target product is methyl chloride. The investigated terms and conditions of oxychlorination of methane: process temperature 400°C, pressure 0.1-0.9 MPa, catalyst (% weight.): copper chloride (II) 1-8%; potassium chloride 2.5%; lanthanum chloride 1%; carrier - aluminosilicate. Powder X-ray diffractometry and electron microscopy showed that the active catalyst components (CuCl2, KCl, LaCl3) are unevenly distributed on the support surface (α-Al2O3·SiO2) and form agglomerates with a high salt content, including binary chlorides

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18

Gao, Yue, Na Li, Xuan Qi, et al. "A Dual Photoelectrode System for Solar-Driven Saltwater Electrolysis: Simultaneous Production of Chlorine and Hydrogen." Crystals 15, no. 3 (2025): 233. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15030233.

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Chlorine plays an essential role in various industries, such as wastewater treatment, disinfection, plastics, and pharmaceuticals, contributing to a significant global demand. Traditional methods of chlorine production, including chemical reactions involving manganese dioxide, potassium chlorate, and potassium permanganate, as well as the electrolysis of saturated salt solutions, are associated with safety and efficiency concerns. This study introduces a novel approach for the photoelectrocatalytic production of chlorine gas through the oxidation of chloride ions in potassium chloride solution

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19

Kakiuchi, Masahisa. "Hydrogen Isotope Fractionation in Aqueous Alkaline Earth Chloride Solutions." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 62, no. 12 (2007): 721–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2007-1208.

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The D/H ratio of hydrogen gas in equilibrium with aqueous alkaline earth (Mg, Ca, Sr or Ba) chloride solutions measured at 25◦C using a hydrophobic platinum catalyst, was found to be higher than the D/H ratio equilibrated with the applied pure water. The hydrogen isotope effect between such solutions and pure water changes with the molality of the solutions. The order of the D/H ratios in alkaline earth chlorides is found to be BaCl2 > SrCl2 ≥ CaCl2 ≥ MgCl2. The hydrogen isotope effect in the aqueous chloride solutions of Mg, Ca, Sr or Ba ions is significantly larger than that in the aqueou

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20

Motupally, Sathya, Dennie T. Mah, Francisco J. Freire, and John W. Weidner. "Recycling Chlorine from Hydrogen Chloride: A New and Economical Electrolytic Process." Electrochemical Society Interface 7, no. 3 (1998): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.f07983if.

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In the chemical industry, chlorine is one of the most widely used chemicals. The chlorine molecule is often used as a modifier or as an aid to manufacture other chemicals. Oftentimes, some or all of the chlorine used is reduced to hydrogen chloride, a waste byproduct.

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21

Potapov, Petr K., Pavel G. Gennad`evich, Nadezhda Yu Rogovskaya, Vladimir N. Babakov, and Vadim A. Basharin. "Dynamics in the content of the cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in rats after acute inhalation intoxication by clorine and pyrolysis products, containing hydrogen chloride." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 23, no. 1 (2021): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma57069.

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It is known that inhalation exposure to chlorine and hydrogen chloride leads to damage to the respiratory system up to the development of acute pulmonary edema in victims. No data on the mechanisms of development of pulmonary edema upon exposure to hydrogen chloride have been found in the available literature. The study was carried out on white outbred male rats, which were divided into 3 groups: Group I control; Group II animals were intoxicated with chlorine at a dose of 1.5 median lethal concentration (30 min); Group III animals were intoxicated with hydrogen chloride at a dose of 1.5 media

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22

Lorono-Gonzalez, Daniel. "Benzyldiethylammonium chloride." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 62, no. 5 (2006): o1735—o1737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536806011299.

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The title compound, C11H18N+·Cl−, crystallizes in a non-centrosymmetric polar space group and possesess normal geometric parameters. The crystal structure analysis reveals a discrete ionic species, for which the packing is consolidated by an N—H...Cl hydrogen bond and C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds, resulting in a two-dimensional network.

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23

Szydlowski, J., and W. Kimizuka. "Hydrogen and chlorine isotope exchange in N-Methylimidazolium chloride." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters 175, no. 5 (1993): 371–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02164039.

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24

Hull, T., A. Stec, and K. Paul. "Hydrogen Chloride in Fires." Fire Safety Science 9 (2008): 665–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3801/iafss.fss.9-665.

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25

Fishwick, Tony. "Hydrogen chloride plant explosion." Loss Prevention Bulletin 151, no. 1 (2000): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/026095700522318.

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26

Hamilton, Hugh G., and Douglas Inman. "Solubility of hydrogen chloride in zinc chloride + sodium chloride melts." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 37, no. 4 (1992): 456–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je00008a018.

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27

Weinlaender, Christof, Raphael Neubauer, Martin Hauth, and Christoph Hochenauer. "Adsorptive hydrogen chloride and combined hydrogen chloride–hydrogen sulphide removal from biogas for solid oxide fuel cell application." Adsorption Science & Technology 36, no. 5-6 (2018): 1215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263617418772660.

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In order to reduce the toxic effect on solid oxide fuel cells performance caused by biogas contaminated with hydrogen chloride and hydrogen sulphide, the purification of biogas is essential. Adsorptive gas purification is a highly auspicious technology to provide pollution-free biogas for solid oxide fuel cell-based power units. In this work the authors examined the influence of different parameters onto the adsorption capacity of three commercially available sorbents. Experimental runs in a laboratory glass downflow fixed-bed reactor were carried out to analyse the adsorption capacity of a po

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28

Beznosyk, Yurii, and Liudmyla Bugaieva. "Study of structure of flows of a technological apparatus using the theory of random functions." Technology audit and production reserves 1, no. 3(57) (2021): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.225023.

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The object of research is the structure of flows in the absorber of hydrogen chloride. One of the most problematic areas in the study of flow hydrodynamics in chemical-technological devices are both technological and technical difficulties, when the device is exposed to random disturbances and/or the supply of a standard indicator is impossible due to a violation of the technological regulations. A method for studying the hydrodynamic structure of flows in a shelf absorber of hydrogen chloride of the «Korobon-KA» type (Germany) in the normal operation of a chemical apparatus using the theory o

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29

Yurii, Beznosyk, and Bugaieva Liudmyla. "Study of structure of flows of a technological apparatus using the theory of random functions." Technology audit and production reserves 1, no. 3(57) (2021): 16–20. https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.225023.

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<em>The object of research is the structure of flows in the absorber of hydrogen chloride. One of the most problematic areas in the study of flow hydrodynamics in chemical-technological devices are both technological and technical difficulties, when the device is exposed to random disturbances and/or the supply of a standard indicator is impossible due to a violation of the technological regulations.</em> <em>A method for studying the hydrodynamic structure of flows in a shelf absorber of hydrogen chloride of the «Korobon-KA» type (Germany) in the normal operation of a chemical app

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30

Krtil, Petr, Katerina Minhova Macounova, Catalina Astudillo, Kaoruho Sakata, and Kenta Amemiya. "(Keynote) Competition of Oxygen and Chlorine Evolution on Oxide Surfaces – a Soft X-Ray and Dems Approach to Identification of Active Site." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 58 (2023): 2817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02582817mtgabs.

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Anodic gas evolving reactions, e.g. oxygen evolution and chlorine evolution, are of fundamental importance both in energy storage as well as in electrolytic production of chemicals. Both reactions are of electrocatalytic nature, proceed in the same potential range and are catalyzed by the same types of electrode materials. While the oxygen evolution is thermodynamically favored the two electron chlorine evolution is kinetically preferred, namely at acid and neutral pH. This kinetic preference is industrially explored in chlor-alkali processes as well in chlorate electrolysis. The growing inter

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31

Matsumi, Yutaka, Kenichi Tonokura, Masahiro Kawasaki, and Toshio Ibuki. "Photodissociation of hydrogen chloride and hydrogen bromide." Journal of Chemical Physics 93, no. 11 (1990): 7981–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.459327.

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32

Xu, Cuisheng, Ningke Hao, Lei Zhan, et al. "High Purity Chlorine Dioxide Generation Based on the Mixed Reductant: From the Laboratory to Industry." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 13, no. 4 (2019): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2019.1885.

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Methanol was used as reducing agent in the chlorine dioxide generation technology, and sodium chlorate was reduced to form chlorine dioxide under acidic conditions. The side reaction during the preparation process would produce chlorine, which results in a high content of chlorine in the product and leads to an increase in the amount of AOX formation during pulp bleaching. In this work, the chlorine dioxide generation technology based on the mixed reductant was developed. On the basis system based on the methanol method, a high-purity chlorine dioxide for pulp bleaching was successfully produc

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33

Peer, Michael, Burkhard Berninger, Alexander Hofmann, and Thomas Fehn. "Chemical recycling of PVC-containing plastic waste for recycling of critical metals." Detritus, no. 26 (2024): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2024.18360.

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Chemical recycling of polyvinyl chloride containing plastic waste to recover critical metals is a promising way to solve two important problems (polyvinyl chloride disposal and critical metal recovery) in waste management and is being transferred on a larger scale in the “CHM-Technology” project. Various polyvinyl chloride containing plastic wastes were pyrolyzed to generate a hydrogen chloride rich vapor. This hydrogen chloride rich vapor is used in a second step to chlorinate indium in liquid crystal displays. Indium chloride has a lower boiling point than indium-tin-oxide and evaporates. Th

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34

Bouteiller, Y., C. Mijoule, A. Karpfen, H. Lischka, and P. Schuster. "Theoretical vibrational investigation of hydrogen-bonded complexes: application to hydrogen chloride...ammonia, hydrogen chloride...methylamine, and hydrogen bromide...ammonia." Journal of Physical Chemistry 91, no. 17 (1987): 4464–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100301a009.

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35

Konev, Dmitry V., Olga I. Istakova, Evgeny A. Ruban, Artem T. Glazkov, and Mikhail A. Vorotyntsev. "Hydrogen-Chlorate Electric Power Source: Feasibility of the Device, Discharge Characteristics and Modes of Operation." Molecules 27, no. 17 (2022): 5638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27175638.

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A power source based on the current-generating reaction of aqueous chlorate-to-chloride reduction by molecular hydrogen would provide as much as 1150 Wh per 1 L of reagent storage (for a combination of 700 atm compressed hydrogen and saturated aqueous solution of lithium chlorate) at room temperature, but direct electroreduction of chlorate only proceeds with unacceptably high overvoltages, even for the most catalytically active electrodes. In the present study, we experimentally demonstrated that this process can be performed via redox-mediator catalysis by intermediate products of chlorate r

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36

Crawford, Brad, and Ahmed E. Ismail. "Insight into Cellulose Dissolution with the Tetrabutylphosphonium Chloride–Water Mixture using Molecular Dynamics Simulations." Polymers 12, no. 3 (2020): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030627.

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All-atom molecular dynamics simulations are utilized to determine the properties and mechanisms of cellulose dissolution using the ionic liquid tetrabutylphosphonium chloride (TBPCl)–water mixture, from 63.1 to 100 mol % water. The hydrogen bonding between small and large cellulose bundles with 18 and 88 strands, respectively, is compared for all concentrations. The Cl, TBP, and water enable cellulose dissolution by working together to form a cooperative mechanism capable of separating the cellulose strands from the bundle. The chloride anions initiate the cellulose breakup, and water assists

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37

Hanson, David R., and Konrad Mauersberger. "Hydrogen chloride/water solid-phase vapor pressures and hydrogen chloride solubility in ice." Journal of Physical Chemistry 94, no. 11 (1990): 4700–4705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100374a060.

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38

Ishidao, Toru, Yoshio Iwai, Yasuhiko Arai, Kenji Ochi, Toshiyuki Yamamura, and Takeshi Ishikawa. "Bubble points of hydrogen chloride–water–isopropanol and hydrogen chloride–water–isopropanol–benzene systems and liquid–liquid equilibria of hydrogen chloride–water–benzene and hydrogen chloride–water–isopropanol–benzene systems." Fluid Phase Equilibria 178, no. 1-2 (2001): 239–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3812(00)00466-0.

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39

Li, Bin, Haiying Liu, Mengjing Zhou, et al. "Preparation of PEG/P(U-AM-ChCl) composite hydrogels using ternary DES light polymerization and their properties." RSC Advances 14, no. 5 (2024): 2993–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra08235k.

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Deep eutectic solvents (DES) were prepared using urea (U) and acrylamide (AM) as hydrogen bond donors and choline chloride (ChCl) as hydrogen bond acceptor. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was selected as a filler and uniformly dispersed in DES to prepare PEG/P(U-AM-ChCl) composite hydrogels.

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40

Hodin, Fredrik, Hans Borén, Anders Grimvall, and Susanne Karlsson. "Formation of Chlorophenols and Related Compounds in Natural and Technical Chlorination Processes." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 3-4 (1991): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0496.

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Surface water was halogenated by the addition of: (i) chloroperoxidase, hydrogen peroxide and chloride; (ii) hydrogen peroxide and chloride or bromide; (iii) hypochlorite. Analysis of adsorbable organic halogen (AOX), halogenated phenols and purgeable organic compounds showed that reactions (i) and (ii) produced almost the same halogenated compounds. It was also shown that active chlorine occurred as an intermedi-ate in reaction (i). Reaction (ii) implied a marked halogenation only after the addition of bromide, and this reaction was enhanced by a low pH. Existing evidence that 2,4,6-trichloro

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41

Dunaev, A. V. "Survey of emission spectra of the plasma of chlorine, hydrogen chloride, argon, and hydrogen." Russian Microelectronics 44, no. 3 (2015): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063739715030026.

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Marin, Daniela, Joseph T. Perryman, Michaela Burke Stevens, Adam C. Nielander, Shannon W. Boettcher, and Thomas F. Jaramillo. "Hydrogen Production with Seawater-Resilient Bipolar-Membrane Electrolyzers." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 39 (2023): 1908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02391908mtgabs.

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Commercial proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) are highly efficient when operating in ultra-pure de-ionized water. However, introduction of additional ions leads to a reduction in device durability and efficiency. Chloride (Cl-) ions, typically found in high concentrations in seawater, lead to device performance issues driven in part by the chlorine evolution reaction at the anode. At the acidic anode-cation exchange layer interface, corrosive chlorine species (OCl-, HOCl, Cl-) are readily generated due to the facile kinetics of the 2-electron oxidation reaction relative to t

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辛, 旭. "Recent Progress in Catalytic Oxidation of Hydrogen Chloride into Chlorine." Journal of Advances in Physical Chemistry 10, no. 01 (2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/japc.2021.101001.

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Скудаев, Владимир, and Анатолий Соломонов. "Study of the interaction of hydrogen chloride and chlorine oxide." PNRPU Bulletin. Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9400/2018.3.08.

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Гармаш, Роман Вікторович. "Chlorine and hydrogen chloride gas emissions cleaning in vinylchloride production." Technology audit and production reserves 5, no. 4(13) (2013): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2312-8372.2013.18212.

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Johnson, Jessica, and Jack Winnick. "Electrochemical membrane separation of chlorine from gaseous hydrogen chloride waste." Separation and Purification Technology 15, no. 3 (1999): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5866(98)00103-8.

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Op der Haar, B. M. D. D. Jansen, and G. G. Balint-Kurti. "Study of quantum resonance behavior in the atomic chlorine + molecular hydrogen .fwdarw. hydrogen chloride + atomic hydrogen reaction." Journal of Physical Chemistry 89, no. 26 (1985): 5655–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100272a016.

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Steiner, T. "Hydrogen-Bond Distances to Halide Ions in Organic and Organometallic Crystal Structures: Up-to-date Database Study." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 54, no. 4 (1998): 456–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768197014821.

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Geometrical data on hydrogen bonds to halide ions are compiled from the currently available crystal structures. Hydrogen bonds from 25 donor types to fluoride, chloride, bromide and iodide ions are considered. Compared with earlier compilations, the increased data volume allows a finer subdivision of O—H and N—H donors, and the donors C—H, S—H and P—H can be included. For a given donor type, the hydrogen-bond distance typically increases by over 0.5 Å from fluoride to chloride, 0.15 Å from chloride to bromide and 0.25 Å from bromide to iodide acceptors. The strongest of the C—H donors consider

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Fayzullaev, Normurot, Dilafruz Kurbanova, Sanobar Bobomurodova, and Dilafruz Muradova. "Obtaining vinyl chloride by oxychlorination of ethylene under the action of hydrogen chloride in the presence of oxygen." E3S Web of Conferences 460 (2023): 10023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202346010023.

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In the article, the thermodynamics of the oxychlorination processes of ethylene in the presence of oxygen under the influence of hydrogen chloride were studied and the mechanism of the oxychlorination reaction was proposed. Kinetic equations describing the rate of formation of 1,2-dichloroethane and carbon dioxide were proposed based on the study of the mechanism of the process. The laws of formation of complete oxidation products of oxychlorination of ethylene with hydrogen chloride in the presence of oxygen in the presence of catalysts obtained for the oxychlorination reaction of ethylene wi

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Dudis, Douglas S., Jennifer B. Everhart, Todd M. Branch, and Sally S. Hunnicutt. "Hydrogen Bond Energies of Hydrogen Chloride−Carbonyl Complexes." Journal of Physical Chemistry 100, no. 6 (1996): 2083–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp952169i.

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