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Journal articles on the topic 'Hydrolysis mechanism'

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Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Zhu, Chao, Zihui Meng, Wenjin Liu, et al. "Investigation on the hydrolytic mechanism of cucurbit[6]uril in alkaline solution." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 5 (2018): 180038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180038.

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The structure of cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]), as a fascinating supramolecular receptor, is regarded as ‘indestructible’. Herein, we investigated the hydrolysis of CB[6] catalysed by alkali. Our results showed that CB[6] was easily hydrolysed in 30% NaOH at 160°C within 3 h. Separation and purification of hydrolytic products demonstrated the presence of NH 3 , CO 2 , HCOONa, glycine and hydantoic acid. Based on the studies of the hydrolysis of substances similar to CB[6] including 4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea, glycoluril and glycoluril dimer, we proposed that a plausible reaction mechanism involved a

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2

Zhou, Rendan, Zemin Dong, Long Wang, et al. "Degradation of a New Herbicide Florpyrauxifen-Benzyl in Water: Kinetics, Various Influencing Factors and Its Reaction Mechanisms." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 13 (2023): 10521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310521.

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Florpyrauxifen-benzyl is a novel herbicide used to control weeds in paddy fields. To clarify and evaluate its hydrolytic behavior and safety in water environments, its hydrolytic characteristics were investigated under varying temperatures, pH values, initial mass concentrations and water types, as well as the effects of 40 environmental factors such as microplastics (MPs) and disposable face masks (DFMs). Meanwhile, hydrolytic products were identified by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, and its hydrolytic pathways were proposed. The effects of MPs and DFMs on hydrolytic products and pathways were also invest

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3

Abbas, Khamis A., Phillip Hurst, and John T. Edward. "Reexamination of the Kirkwood–Westheimer theory of electrostatic effects. V. Effect of charged substituents on the rates of alkaline hydrolysis of substituted strychnines." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 75, no. 4 (1997): 441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v97-050.

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The rates of hydrolysis in aqueous sodium hydroxide of the alkaloid strychnine and seven of its derivatives have been determined at 50 and 75 °C. The kinetic data indicate that all the compounds, except strychninesulfoni acid-I, hydrolyze by competing second- and third-order mechanisms, involving one and two hydroxide ions, respectively; strychninesulfonic acid-I hydrolyzes by the second-order mechanism only. The quantitative effect of positively charged groups in enhancing, and negatively charged groups in depressing, the rates of hydrolysis is in rough agreement with calculations using Kirkw

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4

BECKER, Dieter, Karin S. H. JOHNSON, Anu KOIVULA, Martin SCHÜLEIN та Michael L. SINNOTT. "Hydrolyses of α- and β-cellobiosyl fluorides by Cel6A (cellobiohydrolase II) of Trichoderma reesei and Humicola insolens". Biochemical Journal 345, № 2 (2000): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3450315.

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We have measured the hydrolyses of α- and β-cellobiosyl fluorides by the Cel6A [cellobiohydrolase II (CBHII)] enzymes of Humicola insolens and Trichoderma reesei, which have essentially identical crystal structures [Varrot, Hastrup, Schülein and Davies (1999) Biochem. J. 337, 297-304]. The β-fluoride is hydrolysed according to Michaelis-Menten kinetics by both enzymes. When the ~ 2.0% of β-fluoride which is an inevitable contaminant in all preparations of the α-fluoride is hydrolysed by Cel7A (CBHI) of T. reesei before initial-rate measurements are made, both Cel6A enzymes show a sigmoidal dep

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5

Cox, Robin A. "A comparison of the mechanisms of hydrolysis of benzimidates, esters, and amides in sulfuric acid media." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 83, no. 9 (2005): 1391–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v05-142.

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The mechanisms given in textbooks for both ester and amide hydrolysis in acid media are in need of revision. To illustrate this, benzimidates were chosen as model compounds for oxygen protonated benzamides. In aqueous sulfuric acid media they hydrolyze either by a mechanism involving attack of two water molecules at the carbonyl carbon to give a neutral tetrahedral intermediate directly, as in ester hydrolysis, or by an SN2 attack of two water molecules at the alkyl group of the alkoxy oxygen to form the corresponding amide, or by both mechanisms, depending on the structure of the benzimidate.

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6

Di Bisceglie, Federico, Felice Quartinello, Robert Vielnascher, Georg M. Guebitz, and Alessandro Pellis. "Cutinase-Catalyzed Polyester-Polyurethane Degradation: Elucidation of the Hydrolysis Mechanism." Polymers 14, no. 3 (2022): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14030411.

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Polyurethanes (PU) are one of the most-used classes of synthetic polymers in Europe, having a considerable impact on the plastic waste management in the European Union. Therefore, they represent a major challenge for the recycling industry, which requires environmentally friendly strategies to be able to re-utilize their monomers without applying hazardous and polluting substances in the process. In this work, enzymatic hydrolysis of a polyurethane-polyester (PU-PE) copolymer using Humicola insolens cutinase (HiC) has been investigated in order to achieve decomposition at milder conditions and

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7

KEROVUO, Janne, Juha ROUVINEN, and Frank HATZACK. "Analysis of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate hydrolysis by Bacillus phytase: indication of a novel reaction mechanism." Biochemical Journal 352, no. 3 (2000): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3520623.

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Phytic acid (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, InsP6) hydrolysis by Bacillus phytase (PhyC) was studied. The enzyme hydrolyses only three phosphates from phytic acid. Moreover, the enzyme seems to prefer the hydrolysis of every second phosphate over that of adjacent ones. Furthermore, it is very likely that the enzyme has two alternative pathways for the hydrolysis of phytic acid, resulting in two different myo-inositol trisphosphate end products: Ins(2,4,6)P3 and Ins(1,3,5)P3. These results, together with inhibition studies with fluoride, vanadate, substrate and a substrate analogue, indicate a

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8

YU, LINGJUAN, DACHENG FENG, MAOXIA HE, RUI LI та ZHENGTING CAI. "THEORETICAL STUDY ON HYDROLYSIS MECHANISM OF β-PHOSPHOLACTAMS". Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 05, spec01 (2006): 421–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633606002362.

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The neutral hydrolysis mechanisms of a simple β-phospholactam with and without water-assisted reaction have been studied by using quantum chemical method at HF/6-31G**, MP2/6-31G** and B3LYP/6-31G** levels, respectively. The reaction can proceed by two different mechanisms: concerted and stepwise. There are two pathways in stepwise, i.e. pathway a and b, and the energy barriers of them are close. The energy barriers of water-assisted hydrolysis of β-phospholactam are obviously lower than those of no-water-assisted hydrolysis system. The energy barriers of stepwise mechanism are much lower than

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9

Kulakova, A. M., M. G. Khrenova, and A. V. Nemukhin. "Molecular mechanism of chromogenic substrate hydrolysis in the active site of human carboxylesterase-1." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 67, no. 3 (2021): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20216703300.

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Human carboxylesterases are involved in the protective processes of detoxification during the hydrolytic metabolism of xenobiotics. Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of substrates hydrolysis in the enzymes active site is necessary for the rational drug design. In this work, the molecular mechanism of the hydrolysis reaction of para-nitrophenyl acetate in the active site of human carboxylesterase was determined using modern methods of molecular modeling. According to the combined method of quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations, the chemical reaction occurs within four elementar

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10

Márquez, Mª Carmen. "Kinetic Model for the Hydrolysis of Olive Oil by Lipase in Absence of Emulsifier." Catalysis Research 04, no. 03 (2024): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/cr.2403009.

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Lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of olive oil has been studied in the absence of emulsifier. A simple mathematical model to predict the hydrolysis rate is derived from a proposed kinetic mechanism of the reaction. The hydrolytic reaction obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a simultaneous second-order enzyme deactivation. The model predictions closely agree with the experimental results.

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11

Zhang, Xun, Xiaoyu Qiu, and Rui Wang. "Enabling Catalysts for Carbonyl Sulfide Hydrolysis." Catalysts 14, no. 12 (2024): 952. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14120952.

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Carbonyl sulfide (COS), an organosulfur compound commonly present in industrial gases, poses significant challenges for environmental protection and industrial processes due to its toxicity. This paper reviews recent advancements in the development of catalysts for COS hydrolysis, emphasizing the effects of various supports and active components on catalyst performance, as well as the mechanisms underlying the hydrolysis reaction. Traditional supports like γ-Al2O3 demonstrate high activity for COS hydrolysis but are susceptible to deactivation. In contrast, novel supports such as activated car

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12

Tsai, Hung Jung, Pay Yau Huang, Chung Ming Tan, and Tang Feng Chang. "The Experimental Study on Mechanical Polishing on Materials with Hydrolysis Reaction." Key Engineering Materials 739 (June 2017): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.739.182.

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The hydrolytic properties of LiAlO2 (LAO) are important factors for its applications on LED fabrication. During soft pad polishing process, the H2O in the slurry is deleterious for LAO surface polishing results. The current study develops a material removal rate model for materials with hydrolysis reaction to predict the result of polishing process.The current research conducts the experimental studies to investigate the material removal rate and its mechanism during the soft pad polishing process. In the experimental study, the hydrolytic properties of LAO have been tested to understand the h

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13

Unciuleac, Mihaela-Carmen, Aviv Meir, Chaoyou Xue, Garrett M. Warren, Eric C. Greene, and Stewart Shuman. "Clutch mechanism of chemomechanical coupling in a DNA resecting motor nuclease." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 11 (2021): e2023955118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2023955118.

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Mycobacterial AdnAB is a heterodimeric helicase–nuclease that initiates homologous recombination by resecting DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). The N-terminal motor domain of the AdnB subunit hydrolyzes ATP to drive rapid and processive 3′ to 5′ translocation of AdnAB on the tracking DNA strand. ATP hydrolysis is mechanically productive when oscillating protein domain motions synchronized with the ATPase cycle propel the DNA tracking strand forward by a single-nucleotide step, in what is thought to entail a pawl-and-ratchet–like fashion. By gauging the effects of alanine mutations of the 16 ami

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14

Wang, Min, Li Qin Xu, Ci Li, Bing Ying Jiang, and Jia Qing Xie. "Intramolecular Nucleophilic Substitution in the Hydrolysis of Bis(4-Nitrophenyl) Phosphate Ester Catalyzed by the Metallomicelle." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.345.

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A macro-cyclic Schiff base ligand and the corresponding Cu (II) and Ni (II) complexes were synthesized and characterized. And the catalytic efficiency of the metallomicelles made of these complexes and noninonic micelle Brij35, as mimetic hydrolytic metalloenzyme, was investigated in the catalytic hydrolysis of bis(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP) in this paper. The results show that the rate of the BNPP hydrolysis in the metallomicelles is about 106 -fold faster than that of the BNPP spontaneous hydrolysis in aqueous solution at the same conditions. The analysis of the characteristic absorptio

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15

Higuchi, Y., A. Ohashi, H. Imachi, and H. Harada. "Hydrolytic activity of alpha-amylase in anaerobic digested sludge." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 1-2 (2005): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0526.

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Hydrolysis is usually considered to be a rate-limiting step in anaerobic digestion. For improving anaerobic solid waste treatments, it is essential to elucidate the mechanism of hydrolysis. In this study, alpha-amylase, one of the hydrolytic enzymes, was investigated for the elucidation of more precise mechanism of hydrolysis. Alpha-amylase activity of solid starch-degrading bacteria (SDB) was estimated through batch experiments with several different substrates and with distinction between cell-bound and cell-free alpha-amylase. Monitoring of newly isolated strains of SDB was done by fluoresc

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16

Tanaka, Ichiro, Ryota Nishinomiya, Ryosuke Goto, Shun Shimazaki, and Toshiyuki Chatake. "Recent structural insights into the mechanism of lysozyme hydrolysis." Acta Crystallographica Section D Structural Biology 77, no. 3 (2021): 288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2059798321000346.

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Lysozyme hydrolyzes the glycosidic bonds between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine in peptidoglycans located in the bacterial cell wall. The mechanism of the hydrolysis reaction of lysozyme was first studied more than 50 years ago; however, it has not yet been fully elucidated and various mechanisms are still being investigated. One reaction system that has commonly been proposed is that the lysozyme intermediate undergoes covalent ligand binding during hydrolysis. However, these findings resulted from experiments performed under laboratory conditions using fluorine-based ligands, w

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17

Douglas, Judy E., Grant Campbell, and Donald C. Wigfield. "Studies on the BAL2 mechanism for ester hydrolysis." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 71, no. 11 (1993): 1841–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v93-230.

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The preparation and alkaline hydrolysis of 18O-methyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate and 18O-methyl triphenylacetate are reported. From mass spectral analysis of the carboxylic acid products, it is concluded that the former substrate is hydrolyzed exclusively by the BAC2 mechanism, whereas the latter substrate proceeds 95% by the BAC2 mechanism and 5% by the BAL2 mechanism. The balance between these two mechanisms is discussed.

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18

Qian, Jingya, Di Chen, Yizhong Zhang, et al. "Ultrasound-Assisted Enzymatic Protein Hydrolysis in Food Processing: Mechanism and Parameters." Foods 12, no. 21 (2023): 4027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12214027.

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Ultrasound has been widely used as a green and efficient non-thermal processing technique to assist with enzymatic hydrolysis. Compared with traditional enzymatic hydrolysis, ultrasonic-pretreatment-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis can significantly improve the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis and enhance the biological activity of substrates. At present, this technology is mainly used for the extraction of bioactive substances and the degradation of biological macromolecules. This review is focused on the mechanism of enzymatic hydrolysis assisted by ultrasonic pretreatment, including the effe

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19

Bharadwaj, Vivek S., Brandon C. Knott, Jerry Ståhlberg, Gregg T. Beckham, and Michael F. Crowley. "The hydrolysis mechanism of a GH45 cellulase and its potential relation to lytic transglycosylase and expansin function." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 14 (2020): 4477–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra119.011406.

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Family 45 glycoside hydrolases (GH45) are endoglucanases that are integral to cellulolytic secretomes, and their ability to break down cellulose has been successfully exploited in textile and detergent industries. In addition to their industrial relevance, understanding the molecular mechanism of GH45-catalyzed hydrolysis is of fundamental importance because of their structural similarity to cell wall–modifying enzymes such as bacterial lytic transglycosylases (LTs) and expansins present in bacteria, plants, and fungi. Our understanding of the catalytic itinerary of GH45s has been incomplete b

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20

Ruiz, Federico M., Sonia Huecas, Alicia Santos-Aledo, Elena A. Prim, José M. Andreu, and Carlos Fernández-Tornero. "FtsZ filament structures in different nucleotide states reveal the mechanism of assembly dynamics." PLOS Biology 20, no. 3 (2022): e3001497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001497.

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Treadmilling protein filaments perform essential cellular functions by growing from one end while shrinking from the other, driven by nucleotide hydrolysis. Bacterial cell division relies on the primitive tubulin homolog FtsZ, a target for antibiotic discovery that assembles into single treadmilling filaments that hydrolyse GTP at an active site formed upon subunit association. We determined high-resolution filament structures of FtsZ from the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus in complex with different nucleotide analogs and cations, including mimetics of the ground and transition states of catal

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21

Jackson, A. P., and A. Maxwell. "Identifying the catalytic residue of the ATPase reaction of DNA gyrase." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 90, no. 23 (1993): 11232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.23.11232.

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We propose a mechanism for the hydrolysis of ATP by the DNA gyrase B protein in which Glu42 acts as a general base and His38 has a role in aligning and polarizing the glutamate residue. We have tested this mechanism by site-directed mutagenesis, converting Glu42 to Ala, Asp, and Gln, and His38 to Ala. In the presence of wild-type A protein, B proteins bearing the mutations Ala42 and Gln42 show no detectable supercoiling or ATPase activities, while Asp42 and Ala38 proteins have reduced activities. In the DNA cleavage and relaxation reactions of gyrase, which do not require ATP hydrolysis, wild-

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22

Cox, Robin A. "Revised mechanism for the hydrolysis of ethers in aqueous acid." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 90, no. 10 (2012): 811–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v2012-060.

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It has been shown recently that many supposed reaction intermediates in aqueous media do not have lifetimes long enough for them to serve this purpose. Among these are oxygen-protonated species where the positive charge is not delocalized, primary and secondary carbocations, and the commonly written species H3O+ and HO–. This means that the mechanisms for many of the organic reactions that take place in aqueous media are in need of revision. This paper concerns the acid hydrolysis of simple ethers, many of which cannot form carbocations stable enough to exist in water. Rather than an A1 proces

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23

Minami, H., H. Daniel, E. L. Morse, and S. A. Adibi. "Oligopeptides: mechanism of renal clearance depends on molecular structure." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 263, no. 1 (1992): F109—F115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1992.263.1.f109.

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We have investigated the relative contribution of hydrolysis, intact transport and urinary excretion to the renal clearance of Gly-Sar, Gly-Sar-Sar, and Gly-Gly-Sar in fed and starved rats. The results obtained from isolated kidney perfusion studies are summarized as follows: 1) clearance was fastest for Gly-Gly-Sar and slowest for Gly-Sar-Sar, 2) urinary excretion of Gly-Sar-Sar exceeded that of Gly-Gly-Sar or Gly-Sar, 3) there was accumulation of products of hydrolysis of Gly-Gly-Sar in the perfusate but not of Gly-Sar or Gly-Sar-Sar, 4) isolated brush-border and basolateral membranes of ren

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24

Vergani, Paola, Angus C. Nairn, and David C. Gadsby. "On the Mechanism of MgATP-dependent Gating of CFTR Cl− Channels." Journal of General Physiology 121, no. 1 (2002): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.20028673.

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CFTR, the product of the gene mutated in cystic fibrosis, is an ATPase that functions as a Cl− channel in which bursts of openings separate relatively long interburst closed times (τib). Channel gating is controlled by phosphorylation and MgATP, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain controversial. To investigate them, we expressed CFTR channels in Xenopus oocytes and examined, in excised patches, how gating kinetics of phosphorylated channels were affected by changes in [MgATP], by alterations in the chemical structure of the activating nucleotide, and by mutations expected to impair

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25

Baghel, Madhuri, Sangeeta Patil, Mukesh Sharma, et al. "Degradation Kinetic Study and Mechanistic Interpretation of Hydrolysis of Pidotimod by LC-MS/MS: A QbD Assisted Stability Indicating Method Development." Asian Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 11 (2022): 2797–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2022.23796.

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The stability of pidotimod was investigated in this study under ICH-recommended stress degradation conditions. To explore the degradation kinetics of pidotimod, a QbD assisted stability indicating assay method was designed and validated according to ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. The impacts of hydrogen and hydroxide ions were explored, with a focus on the kinetics of pidotimod hydrolytic degradation to identify the rate laws, which were parameterized using linear regression analysis. The degradation product (DP2) was formed as a major degradation product of hydrolysis. Four known and one unknown deg

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26

LI, RUI, YENG-TSENG WANG, and CHENG-LUNG CHEN. "COMPUTATIONAL MODELING STUDY ON METABOLISM MECHANISM OF OSELTAMIVIR." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 12, no. 05 (2013): 1350037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633613500375.

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Oseltamivir (OTV) is widely used in the treatment of both influenza virus A and B infections. Additionally, OTV is an effective antiviral drug in treating the 2009 A ( H1N1 ) influenza virus. Clinical studies concluded that OTV is readily extensively converted to the active carboxylate metabolite after oral administration. In order to investigate the metabolism mechanism of OTV, we carried out density functional theory (DFT) quantum mechanical calculations. The molecule orbital (MO) theory and natural population analysis (NPA) were also employed to help understanding the reaction mechanism. Al

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Du, Ming-Hao, Liu-Qing Chen, Lin-Peng Jiang, et al. "Counterintuitive Lanthanide Hydrolysis-Induced Assembly Mechanism." Journal of the American Chemical Society 144, no. 12 (2022): 5653–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.2c01502.

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Morrica, Patrizia, Francesco Barbato, Serenella Seccia, and Francesca Ungaro. "Kinetics and Mechanism of Imazosulfuron Hydrolysis." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 49, no. 8 (2001): 3816–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf010088f.

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Pierpoint, Anthony C., Cathleen J. Hapeman, and Alba Torrents. "Kinetics and Mechanism of Amitraz Hydrolysis." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 45, no. 5 (1997): 1937–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf970049x.

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Braschi, Ilaria, Luca Calamai, Mauro Andrea Cremonini, et al. "Kinetics and Hydrolysis Mechanism of Triasulfuron." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 45, no. 11 (1997): 4495–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf970299d.

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Jahansouz, Hossain, Kristin Bowman Mertes, Mathias P. Mertes, and Richard H. Himes. "The mechanism of formyl phosphate hydrolysis." Bioorganic Chemistry 17, no. 2 (1989): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-2068(89)90020-5.

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Arand, M., J. K. Beetham, D. Grant, F. Pinot, B. Hammock, and F. Oesch. "The enzymatic mechanism of epoxide hydrolysis." Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 121, S1 (1995): A15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02572025.

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Hoggan, P. E., A. Aboulayt, A. Pieplu, P. Nortier, and J. C. Lavalley. "Mechanism of COS Hydrolysis on Alumina." Journal of Catalysis 149, no. 2 (1994): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcat.1994.1298.

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Yang, Shen K. "Mechanism of Alkaline Hydrolysis of Diazepam." Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society 45, no. 2 (1998): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jccs.199800044.

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Yi, Zhang, Xie Jia-qing, Li Ci, Shang Hong-li, and Wang Min. "Kinetics of Hydrolysis of an Activated Phosphate Ester in Brij35 Micelle Containing a Macrocyclic Complex of Cu(II) OR Ni(II)." Progress in Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism 33, no. 4 (2008): 349–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/146867808x340555.

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A macrocyclic ligand and its corresponding Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized. The kinetics of hydrolysis of bis( p-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP, an activated phosphate diester) in Brij35 micelle containing each macrocyclic complex was investigated. The metallomicelles made up of the macrocyclic metal complex and micelle, as a mimic hydrolytic metalloenzyme, display higher catalytic activity although they do not attain the catalytic efficiency of enzymes. The analysis of specific absorption spectra show that the course of the catalytic BNPP reaction is different fro

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Nath, Sunil. "Phosphorus Chemistry at the Roots of Bioenergetics: Ligand Permutation as the Molecular Basis of the Mechanism of ATP Synthesis/Hydrolysis by FOF1-ATP Synthase." Molecules 28, no. 22 (2023): 7486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28227486.

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The integration of phosphorus chemistry with the mechanism of ATP synthesis/hydrolysis requires dynamical information during ATP turnover and catalysis. Oxygen exchange reactions occurring at β-catalytic sites of the FOF1-ATP synthase/F1-ATPase imprint a unique record of molecular events during the catalytic cycle of ATP synthesis/hydrolysis. They have been shown to provide valuable time-resolved information on enzyme catalysis during ATP synthesis and ATP hydrolysis. The present work conducts new experiments on oxygen exchange catalyzed by submitochondrial particles designed to (i) measure th

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37

Seyhan Ozturk, Seyhan Ozturk, Shahin Shahabi Shahin Shahabi, and Halil Kutuk Halil Kutuk. "Kinetics and Mechanisms of Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Some N-(4-Substitutedaryl) Succinimide Compounds." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 44, no. 2 (2022): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000998/jcsp/44.02.2022.

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In this study, the mechanism of acid catalyzed hydrolysis of N-(4-substitutedaryl) succinimides in different acids was investigated. These acids are hydrochloric acid, perchloric acid and sulfuric acid, which were studied at 50.0and#177;0.1and#176;C. Analyses of the results obtained with the entropy of activation, Excess Acidity treatment and substituent effect are consistent across the entire acid studied by an A-2 mechanism. The catalytic order of strong acids for the acid catalyzed hydrolysis of the compounds studied were as HCl andgt; H2SO4 andgt; HClO4 in the whole range of acidity. This

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Zdražilová, Pavla, Šárka Štěpánkova, Martina Vránova, Karel Komers, Alena Komersová, and Alexander Čegan. "Kinetics of Total Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Acetylcholine and Acetylthiocholine." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 61, no. 3-4 (2006): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2006-3-423.

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Kinetics and the mechanism of total in vitro hydrolyses (i.e. up to the exhaustion of substrate) of acetylcholine and acetylthiocholine by acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase were studied in vitro in a batch reactor at 25 °C, pH 8 and ionic strength of 0.11 ᴍ. Every hydrolysis was monitored by 2 - 3 independent analytical methods. All studied types of enzymatic hydrolyses fulfilled the Michaelis - Menten reaction scheme with the irreversible second step. A table of obtained average values of rate constants and estimations of initial molar enzyme concentrations, and discussion of the

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Wang, Yongji, Xu Jia, and Yuejun Zhang. "Study on Hydrolysis Properties and Mechanism of Poly(3-Methacrylamido Propyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride) Solution." Polymers 14, no. 14 (2022): 2811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14142811.

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Poly(3-methacrylamido propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) (PMAPTAC) is a typical cationic water-soluble polyelectrolyte, which has been widely used in petroleum, papermaking, daily cosmetics and other fields in the form of an aqueous solution. However, the acid–base and thermal stability of PMAPTAC in aqueous solution have not been reported yet, which hinders its further application in high-temperature and acid–base environments. To address these deficiencies, the effects of temperature and pH of PMAPTAC with different intrinsic viscosities on its hydrolysis stability were investigated qualita

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Wang, Xiu Hui, Jian Long Yin, Wei Liu, Hong Gao, and Jin Long Yang. "Hydrolysis Process and Mechanism of Magnesium Aluminate Alkoxides." Applied Mechanics and Materials 197 (September 2012): 740–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.197.740.

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Superfine, high-purity and well-distributed magnesium aluminate spinel powders were fabricated by controlling alkoxides hydrolysis process. Magnesium aluminate alkoxides were prepared by sol-gel with magnesium, aluminum and n-butyl alcohol as starting materials. Magnesium aluminate spinel powders were fabricated by double alkoxides sintering at 1200 °C for 1h. Controlling hydrolyzing process could obtain the optimum gel time and spinel powders were analyzed by OMEC LS-800 type Laser Particle Size Analyzer. Integrated gel time and particle size, the optimum hydrolyzing parameters are obtained f

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Ruiz de Mena, I., E. Mahillo, J. Arribas, and J. G. Castaño. "Kinetic mechanism of activation by cardiolipin (diphosphatidylglycerol) of the rat liver multicatalytic proteinase." Biochemical Journal 296, no. 1 (1993): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2960093.

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The effect of phospholipids on the trypsin-like, chymotrypsin-like and peptidylglutamyl-peptide-hydrolysing activities of the so-called latent form of the rat liver multicatalytic proteinase was studied, assaying them with the following substrates: N-Cbz-ARR-4MNA (N-Cbz, N-benzyloxycarbonyl; 4MNA, 4-methoxy-beta-naphthylamide), N-Suc-LLVY-MCA (N-Suc, N-succinyl; MCA, methylcoumarin) and N-Cbz-LLE-beta-NA (beta-NA, beta-naphthylamide) respectively (amino acids are shown as their one-letter symbol). For the most part neither lysophospholipids nor phospholipids at 20 micrograms/ml have any effect

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Komersová, Alena, Markéta Masopustová, Karel Komers, Šárka Štěpánková, and Alexandr Čegan. "In vitro Inhibition of Cholinesterases by Carbamates - A Kinetic Study." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 62, no. 3-4 (2007): 305–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2007-3-422.

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Abstract Kinetics and mechanism of in vitro hydrolyses of acetylcholine and acetylthiocholine by carbamates were studied in a batch reactor at 25 °C, pH 8, and ionic strength of 0.11 m. Every hydrolysis was monitored by 3-4 independent methods. All studied hydrolyses can be described by the model of competitive inhibition with an irreversible step (k3). A table of obtained average values of rate constants and discussion of the resultes are given.

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Song, Chun Lian, Shao Gang Pi, Chuan Song Wang, and Mei Duo Liu. "Reactive Process Research of Cornstalk Hydrolysis to Sugar on Micro-Stream Discharge." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 785–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.785.

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In order to further study the mechanism of hydrolysis reactions to sugars using cornstalk on plasma, preliminary study of reactive process are carried out. Model compounds of cornstalk components are chosen and hydrolyzed on plasma. Activation energy of elementary reactions, which are single-molecule reactions, free radical reactions and bimolecular reactions, are calculated by bond energy percentage rules. Elementary reactions and preliminary reaction mechanism model, which cornstalk hydrolyzes to sugars on plasma are identified.

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D., V. PRABHU, and B. LAXMESHWAR N. "Kinetics and Reaction Mechanism of Hydrolysis of N-Salicylidene-p-methylani1ine." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 72, Dec 1995 (1995): 859–61. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5900753.

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Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Science, Bombay-400 032 <em>Manuscript received 27 July 1993, revised 7 February 1994, accepted 12 May 1994</em> Kinetics and Reaction Mechanism of Hydrolysis of N-Salicylidene-p-methylani1ine

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Kozakiewicz, Anna, Piotr Neumann, Mariusz Banach, Michał Komoszyński, and Andrzej Wojtczak. "Modeling studies of potato nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase NTPDase1: an insight into the catalytic mechanism." Acta Biochimica Polonica 55, no. 1 (2008): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2008_3107.

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Nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase--NTPDase1 (apyrase, EC 3.6.1.5) was modeled based on sequence homology. The single polypeptide chain of apyrase is folded into two domains. The putative catalytic site with the apyrase conserved regions (ACR 1-5) is located between these two domains. Modeling confirmed that apyrase belongs to the actin superfamily of proteins. The amino acids interacting with the nucleoside triphosphate substrate and probably involved in the catalyzed hydrolysis were identified. The proposed two-step catalytic mechanism of hydrolysis involves Thr127 and Thr55 as poten

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Rindelaub, Joel D., Carlos H. Borca, Matthew A. Hostetler та ін. "The acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of an <i>α</i>-pinene-derived organic nitrate: kinetics, products, reaction mechanisms, and atmospheric impact". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, № 23 (2016): 15425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15425-2016.

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Abstract. The production of atmospheric organic nitrates (RONO2) has a large impact on air quality and climate due to their contribution to secondary organic aerosol and influence on tropospheric ozone concentrations. Since organic nitrates control the fate of gas phase NOx (NO + NO2), a byproduct of anthropogenic combustion processes, their atmospheric production and reactivity is of great interest. While the atmospheric reactivity of many relevant organic nitrates is still uncertain, one significant reactive pathway, condensed phase hydrolysis, has recently been identified as a potential sin

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Guo, Huibin, Lihong Tang, Kai Li, et al. "The hydrolysis mechanism and kinetic analysis for COS hydrolysis: A DFT study." Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry B 10, no. 3 (2016): 427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1990793116030209.

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Luzhkov, V. B., V. B. Krapivin, N. A. Sanina, and S. M. Aldoshin. "Theoretical Study of the Hydrolysis of Iron–Sulfur–Nitrosyl Complex [Fe(NO)2(SCH2)2]+." Журнал физической химии 97, no. 5 (2023): 607–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s004445372305014x.

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The mechanisms of hydrolysis of a model iron–sulfur–nitrosyl complex (ISNC) [Fe(NO)2(SCH2)2]+ 1 with thioformaldehyde ligands have been studied using the density functional theory and polarizable continuum model of water. Quantum chemical calculations employed the TPSSH and M06 functionals and def2-TZVP basis set and took into account interactions with water medium. Hydrolysis of 1 was found to be an exothermic process with small activation energy whereas exchange of NO for H2O is thermodynamically unfavorable. The calculations have predicted lower activation barrier for the associative mechan

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Sha, Ruyi, Zhan Yu, Zhenzhen Wang, et al. "Effects of Rhamnolipids on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Bamboo Biomass and Mechanism." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 14, no. 4 (2020): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2020.1985.

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The lignin present in lignocellulose seriously affects the efficiency of cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis. In addition, lignin adsorbs high-cost cellulase, causing greater economic losses. Lignin can also disturb the site of action of cellulase and reduce the efficiency of hydrolysis. Therefore, if lignin is removed or surface modified before cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis, the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass will be greatly improved. In this paper, the cellulose enzymatic properties of bamboo biomass being treated with dilute acid and alkaline under the intervention o

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Xie, Jiaqing, Bin Xie, Fa-Mei Feng, Li-Ke Zou, and Jian-Shen Feng. "Kinetic Study on P-Nitrophenyl Picolinate Hydrolysis Promoted by the Complex Bis(O,O'-Di(2-Benzyl)Dithiophosphato)Nickel(Ii)." Progress in Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism 34, no. 3 (2009): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/146867809x466780.

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The complex Ni[S2P(OCH2Ph)2]2 (MR) was synthesised and characterised by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl picolinate (PNPP) as promoted by this complex was investigated by the UV-vis method, the results showing that MR acts as a very efficient catalyst. The specific absorption spectra of the hydrolytic reaction systems indicated that the key intermediate, made up of PNPP and MR was formed during reaction. Based on these spectra, a mechanism for the catalytic hydrolysis of PNPP has been proposed and a kinetic mathematical model establis

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