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Journal articles on the topic 'Hydrozen chloride'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Gambardella, Mario, Santad Kongpricha, James J. Pitts, and Albert W. Jache. "Disproportionation of chlorine in hydrogen fluoride and related media." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 11 (1989): 1828–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-283.

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Chlorine can be made to disproportionate to chlorine monofluoride and chloride, taking advantage of Le Chatelier's principle in several different ways. It will disproportionate to form insoluble silver chloride and chlorine monofluoride when silver fluoride is present. It will disproportionate in a melt of alkali metal fluorides to form alkali metal chlorides and chlorine monofluoride. The alkali metal chlorides will react with hydrogen fluoride to regenerate the metal fluorides and hydrogen chloride. Chlorine will also disproportionate in hydrogen fluoride containing antimony pentafluoride to

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2

Kolmakov, Kirill A. "Reactions of aniline in acetic acid solutions containing cyanuric chloride and hydrogen chloride acceptors." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 85, no. 12 (2007): 1070–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v07-129.

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Two reaction pathways in acetic acid solution containing cyanuric chloride, aniline, and some hydrogen chloride acceptors (triethylamine, sodium acetate, pyridine) were studied. Both aryl amination and acylation can be performed with high yields under proper reaction conditions. Contrary to the only known literature report on the reactions between carbonic acids and cyanuric chloride in the presence of a hydrogen chloride acceptor (triethylamine), it was established that acid chlorides are not formed. A scheme involving the replacement of chlorine atoms by acetate ion in the initial stage was

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3

Monteiro, Mayra K. S., Ángela Moratalla, Cristina Sáez, Elisama V. Dos Santos, and Manuel A. Rodrigo. "Production of Chlorine Dioxide Using Hydrogen Peroxide and Chlorates." Catalysts 11, no. 12 (2021): 1478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11121478.

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Chlorine dioxide was produced by the reduction of chlorate with hydrogen peroxide in strongly acidic media. To avoid reaction interference during measuring procedures, UV spectra were acquired to monitor the chlorate reduction. This reduction led to the formation of chlorine dioxide and notable concentrations of chlorite and hypochlorous acid/chlorine, suggesting that the hydrogen peroxide:chlorate ratio is important. Once chlorates are transformed to chlorine dioxide, the surplus hydrogen peroxide promoted the further reaction of the chlorinated species down to less-important species. Moreove

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4

Moratalla, Ángela, Mayra K. S. Monteiro, Cristina Sáez, Elisama V. Dos Santos, and Manuel A. Rodrigo. "Full and Sustainable Electrochemical Production of Chlorine Dioxide." Catalysts 12, no. 3 (2022): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12030315.

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With the final purpose of manufacturing electrochemically-based devices that produce chloride dioxide efficiently, this paper focuses on the production of chlorates and hydrogen peroxide in two different electrochemical cells, in which operation conditions are selected to obtain high efficiencies, and in the subsequent combination of both electrochemically manufactured solutions to produce chlorine dioxide. Results demonstrate that suitable reagents can be produced by electrolyzing 20 g L−1 sodium chloride solutions at 50 mA cm−2 and 50 °C, and 3000 mg L−1 NaClO4 solutions at 5.0 mA cm−2 and 1

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5

Dessain, Edison C., and Dennis Anderson. "A Study of the Interaction of Phthalate Esters with Chlorine-Containing Polymers." Applied Spectroscopy 46, no. 1 (1992): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702924444281.

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The infrared spectra of blends of various ortho-phthalate esters with polyvinyl chloride) and vinylidene chloride/(20%)acrylonitrile copolymer were recorded. The data indicate that the lowering of the ester carbonyl absorption frequency is due to a dipole-dipole/complex type interaction between the carbonyl of the ester and the chlorine of the polymer in addition to hydrogen bonding with acidic hydrogens. The lowering of the absorption frequence increases with an increase in the amount of chlorine in the polymer chain.

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6

Kang, Linda, Genevieve Lynch, Will Lynch, and Clifford Padgett. "Manganese(II) chloride complexes with pyridineN-oxide (PNO) derivatives and their solid-state structures." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 73, no. 10 (2017): 1434–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989017012038.

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Three manganese(II)N-oxide complexes have been synthesized from the reaction of manganese(II) chloride with either pyridineN-oxide (PNO), 2-methylpyridineN-oxide (2MePNO) or 3-methylpyridineN-oxide (3MePNO). The compounds were synthesized from methanolic solutions of MnCl2·4H2O and the respectiveN-oxide, and subsequently characterized structurally by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compounds arecatena-poly[[aquachloridomanganese(II)]-di-μ-chlorido-[aquachloridomanganese(II)]-bis(μ-pyridineN-oxide)], [MnCl2(C5H5NO)(H2O)]nor [MnCl2(PNO)(H2O)]n(I),catena-poly[[aquachloridomanganese(II)]-di-

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7

DUBROVINA, K. R., T. R. SHAKIROV, A. Z. SULEYMANOVA, and A. I. KHATSRINOV. "POSSIBILITY TO RETURN TO THE CYCLE OF HYDROGEN CHLORIDE CAPTURE WITH CAUSTIC SODA BY CONCENTRATING IT AND COMPLETE EXTRACTION OF COMMERCIAL SODIUM CHLORIDE." Herald of Technological University 27, no. 8 (2024): 82–86. https://doi.org/10.55421/1998-7072_2024_27_8_82.

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The chlorine industry does not lose its relevance and serves as a valuable raw material for the production of organochlorine compounds and inorganic products. The main products in demand in the chlorine industry are vinyl chloride, methylene chloride, chlorinated paraffin, chlorine-containing pesticides, hydrochloric acid, chlorine gas, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, calcium chlorate, and alkali metal perchlorates. The production of commercial organic and inorganic products generates significant hydrogen chloride waste, causing serious technical, economic and environmental problems. Th

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8

McLennan, Duncan J., Allan R. Stein, and Brian Dobson. "Chlorine isotope effects in the solvolysis of substituted 1-phenylethyl chlorides." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 6 (1986): 1201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v86-199.

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Kinetic chlorine isotope effects attending the solvolysis of several ring-substituted 1-phenylethyl chlorides in alcohol–water solvent mixtures are reported. The k35/k37 values are insensitive to the identity of ring substituents and to solvent composition. Results are interpreted in terms of an SN1 heterolytic process incorporating a significant amount of internal return. Theoretical calculations suggest that the incipient chloride ion in the transition state may be strongly hydrogen-bonded.

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9

Xu, Cuisheng, Ningke Hao, Lei Zhan, et al. "High Purity Chlorine Dioxide Generation Based on the Mixed Reductant: From the Laboratory to Industry." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 13, no. 4 (2019): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2019.1885.

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Methanol was used as reducing agent in the chlorine dioxide generation technology, and sodium chlorate was reduced to form chlorine dioxide under acidic conditions. The side reaction during the preparation process would produce chlorine, which results in a high content of chlorine in the product and leads to an increase in the amount of AOX formation during pulp bleaching. In this work, the chlorine dioxide generation technology based on the mixed reductant was developed. On the basis system based on the methanol method, a high-purity chlorine dioxide for pulp bleaching was successfully produc

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10

Krtil, Petr, Katerina Minhova Macounova, Catalina Astudillo, Kaoruho Sakata, and Kenta Amemiya. "(Keynote) Competition of Oxygen and Chlorine Evolution on Oxide Surfaces – a Soft X-Ray and Dems Approach to Identification of Active Site." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 58 (2023): 2817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02582817mtgabs.

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Anodic gas evolving reactions, e.g. oxygen evolution and chlorine evolution, are of fundamental importance both in energy storage as well as in electrolytic production of chemicals. Both reactions are of electrocatalytic nature, proceed in the same potential range and are catalyzed by the same types of electrode materials. While the oxygen evolution is thermodynamically favored the two electron chlorine evolution is kinetically preferred, namely at acid and neutral pH. This kinetic preference is industrially explored in chlor-alkali processes as well in chlorate electrolysis. The growing inter

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11

Gao, Yue, Na Li, Xuan Qi, et al. "A Dual Photoelectrode System for Solar-Driven Saltwater Electrolysis: Simultaneous Production of Chlorine and Hydrogen." Crystals 15, no. 3 (2025): 233. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15030233.

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Chlorine plays an essential role in various industries, such as wastewater treatment, disinfection, plastics, and pharmaceuticals, contributing to a significant global demand. Traditional methods of chlorine production, including chemical reactions involving manganese dioxide, potassium chlorate, and potassium permanganate, as well as the electrolysis of saturated salt solutions, are associated with safety and efficiency concerns. This study introduces a novel approach for the photoelectrocatalytic production of chlorine gas through the oxidation of chloride ions in potassium chloride solution

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12

Gonzalez-Tapia, Francisco, Douglas B. Walsh, and Daniel P. Groenendale. "Sodium Chlorite Treatments in Irrigation Water Are a Significant Source of Chlorate and Perchlorate in Hop Cones." J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 150, no. 4 (2025): 182–90. https://doi.org/10.21273/jashs05493-25.

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Chlorine-based disinfectants used for cleaning and maintaining hop (Humulus lupulus) irrigation systems may contribute to chlorate (ClO3−) and perchlorate (ClO4−) residues in hop cones, thus raising regulatory concerns in various export markets. Because of their associated risk of disrupting iodine uptake in the thyroid gland, ClO3− and ClO4− are oxyanions designated as contaminants in vulnerable populations. This study evaluated their impact on hop cone contamination. A 2-year field study (2023 and 2024) at Washington State University examined the following four drip irrigation cleaner treatm

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13

Ortenberg, E., L. Groisman, and C. Rav-Acha. "Taste and odour removal from an urban groundwater establishment – a case study." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 1-2 (2000): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0302.

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A deep groundwater well was established in a village near Tel-Aviv, in order to supply drinking water for its 30,000 inhabitants. Although all water characteristics were within the range permitted by the Israeli regulations, operators received complaints about a funny taste and a rotten-egg odour in the water. This was attributed to the presence of 0.38 mgL–1 hydrogen sulfide. Removing the odour by the usual method of aeration was impossible because of the populated surroundings. Therefore it was decided to examine chemical oxidants for taste and odour removal. A treatment with 8 mgL–1 of chlo

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14

Silina, I. S., Е. А. Katsman, Yu A. Treger, et al. "KINETICS OF OXIDATIVE CHLORINATION OF METHANE." Fine Chemical Technologies 12, no. 2 (2017): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2017-12-2-50-61.

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Heterogeneous oxidative chlorination of methane was investigated. The target product is methyl chloride. The investigated terms and conditions of oxychlorination of methane: process temperature 400°C, pressure 0.1-0.9 MPa, catalyst (% weight.): copper chloride (II) 1-8%; potassium chloride 2.5%; lanthanum chloride 1%; carrier - aluminosilicate. Powder X-ray diffractometry and electron microscopy showed that the active catalyst components (CuCl2, KCl, LaCl3) are unevenly distributed on the support surface (α-Al2O3·SiO2) and form agglomerates with a high salt content, including binary chlorides

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15

Gray, Lilian, and Peter G. Jones. "Secondary Bonding Interactions in Some Dichloroanilinium Chlorides." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 57, no. 1 (2002): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2002-0109.

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Of the six structures presented here, five involve clearly defined hydrophilic layers built up from classical hydrogen bonding systems. Of three solvent-free structures, 2,4- and 3,5-dichloroanilinium chlorides both form ribbon structures involving annelated R24 (8) rings with NH2 donors (two hydrogen atoms from the positively charged NH3 groups) and chloride acceptors. The ribbons are linked by weaker interactions to form layers. 2,5-Dichloroanilinium chloride forms a layer structure directly, with rings R36 (12) exactly analogous to those previously observed in 2-chloroanilinium chloride. 2,

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16

Qiu, Yinan, Yan Yang, Na Yang, et al. "Corrosion of Iron Covered with Iron Oxide Film by Chlorine and Hydrogen Chloride Gases: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study Using the ReaxFF." Energies 15, no. 12 (2022): 4237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15124237.

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Flue gas produced by biomass fuel combustion contains various chlorine-containing substances and is an important factor causing biomass boiler corrosion. The corrosion processes of chlorine, hydrogen chloride and water on iron covered with an intact/damaged oxide film were investigated under the high temperature of 1300 K through reactive molecular dynamics simulation. The results show that the diffusion processes of oxygen and chlorine are similar and can be divided into three stages: rapid diffusion, continuous diffusion, and no oxide film (stable). Oxygen diffusion in Fe2O3 into a pure iron

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17

Konev, Dmitry V., Olga I. Istakova, Evgeny A. Ruban, Artem T. Glazkov, and Mikhail A. Vorotyntsev. "Hydrogen-Chlorate Electric Power Source: Feasibility of the Device, Discharge Characteristics and Modes of Operation." Molecules 27, no. 17 (2022): 5638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27175638.

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A power source based on the current-generating reaction of aqueous chlorate-to-chloride reduction by molecular hydrogen would provide as much as 1150 Wh per 1 L of reagent storage (for a combination of 700 atm compressed hydrogen and saturated aqueous solution of lithium chlorate) at room temperature, but direct electroreduction of chlorate only proceeds with unacceptably high overvoltages, even for the most catalytically active electrodes. In the present study, we experimentally demonstrated that this process can be performed via redox-mediator catalysis by intermediate products of chlorate r

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18

Clark, Joanna, Brad Sutter, P. Douglas Archer, et al. "A Review of Sample Analysis at Mars-Evolved Gas Analysis Laboratory Analog Work Supporting the Presence of Perchlorates and Chlorates in Gale Crater, Mars." Minerals 11, no. 5 (2021): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11050475.

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The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument on the Curiosity rover has detected evidence of oxychlorine compounds (i.e., perchlorates and chlorates) in Gale crater, which has implications for past habitability, diagenesis, aqueous processes, interpretation of in situ organic analyses, understanding the martian chlorine cycle, and hazards and resources for future human exploration. Pure oxychlorines and mixtures of oxychlorines with Mars-analog phases have been analyzed for their oxygen (O2) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) releases on SAM laboratory analog instruments in order to constrain which p

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19

Frey, Matthias, and Peter G. Jones. "Secondary Bonding Interactions in Some Halopyridinium and Dihalopyridinium Halides." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 56, no. 9 (2001): 889–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2001-0905.

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Abstract The packing motifs of 2-and 3-chloropyridinium chloride can be interpreted in terms of classical hydrogen bonds N+-H···Cl- and non-classical C-H···Cl-" interactions, with halo-gen-halogen contacts playing a subordinate role. In the corresponding bromine derivatives, Br···Br interactions are much more important. Of the dihalo derivatives, 3,5-dichloropyridinium chloride crystallises with classical linear hydrogen bonds of the form N+-H···Cl- , but its chlorine-chlorine interactions are at best weak; the corresponding bromine derivative displays aggregates of bromine atoms and three-cen

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20

Janků, Josef, Jiří Burkhard, and Luděk Vodička. "Reaction of adamantanone, diamantanone, and their derivatives with thionyl chloride." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 52, no. 8 (1987): 2028–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19872028.

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In reaction of adamantanone, diamantanone, and their chloro or oxo derivatives with thionyl chloride the oxo group is replaced with two chlorine atoms under formation of geminal dichloro derivatives. The presence of a chlorine atom or an oxo group in both ketones reduces the reaction rate. The reaction rate decreases with decreasing distance between the substituent and the carbonyl group. Ketones with chlorine atom in α- or β-axial position do not react with thionyl chloride. The reaction is accelerated by hydrogen chloride whereas in the presence of pyridine no reaction was observed.

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21

Ioni, Yulia, and Victoria Ibragimova. "Study of Sorption Activity of Carbon Nanomaterials for Capture of Chlorine-Containing Gases." Clean Technologies 7, no. 2 (2025): 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol7020039.

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Chlorine gas and hydrogen chloride are highly reactive chemicals that pose a significant hazard to living organisms upon direct contact. Also, chlorine-containing gases are often by-products of industrial chemical synthesis and can be released into the air as a result of accidents. This can lead to great pollution of the environment. To remove toxic gases, various filter systems can be used. Filters based on carbon nanomaterials can be suitable for capturing gaseous chlorine-containing substances, preventing their spread into the air. In this work, the sorption activity of various carbon-based

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22

Trokhimovskiy, A., A. A. Fedorova, K. S. Olsen, et al. "Isotopes of chlorine from HCl in the Martian atmosphere." Astronomy & Astrophysics 651 (July 2021): A32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202140916.

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Hydrogen chloride gas was recently discovered in the atmosphere of Mars during southern summer seasons. Its connection with potential chlorine reservoirs and the related atmospheric chemistry is now of particular interest and actively studied. Measurements by the Atmospheric Chemistry Suite mid-infrared channel (ACS MIR) on the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter allow us to measure the ratio of hydrogen chloride two stable isotopologues, H35Cl and H37Cl. This work describes the observation, processing technique, and derived values for the chloride isotope ratio. Unlike other volatiles in the Martian at

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23

Motupally, Sathya, Dennie T. Mah, Francisco J. Freire, and John W. Weidner. "Recycling Chlorine from Hydrogen Chloride: A New and Economical Electrolytic Process." Electrochemical Society Interface 7, no. 3 (1998): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.f07983if.

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In the chemical industry, chlorine is one of the most widely used chemicals. The chlorine molecule is often used as a modifier or as an aid to manufacture other chemicals. Oftentimes, some or all of the chlorine used is reduced to hydrogen chloride, a waste byproduct.

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Pan, H. Y., R. G. Minet, S. W. Benson, and T. T. Tsotsis. "Process for Converting Hydrogen Chloride to Chlorine." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 33, no. 12 (1994): 2996–3003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00036a014.

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25

Maciąg, Rafał, Wojciech Hyk, Tomasz Ratajczyk, and Mikołaj Donten. "Improved Voltammetric Procedure for Chloride Determination in Highly Acidic Media." Materials 18, no. 1 (2024): 136. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18010136.

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Cyclic voltammetry (CV) can be applied as a reliable method for the determination of chloride ions in a range from several to a couple hundred (about 200) ppm. Since the standard potential of chloride ion/gaseous chlorine is 1.36 V vs. normal hydrogen electrode (NHE), the efficient oxidation of Cl− ion occurs at very positive electrode potentials, usually higher than +1.7 V vs. NHE. It is possible to observe this phenomenon only at noble-metal or inert carbon electrodes. Many other solutes, usually organic compounds, are often oxidized at this potential. This is the reason why the determinatio

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26

Potapov, Petr K., Pavel G. Gennad`evich, Nadezhda Yu Rogovskaya, Vladimir N. Babakov, and Vadim A. Basharin. "Dynamics in the content of the cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in rats after acute inhalation intoxication by clorine and pyrolysis products, containing hydrogen chloride." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 23, no. 1 (2021): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma57069.

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It is known that inhalation exposure to chlorine and hydrogen chloride leads to damage to the respiratory system up to the development of acute pulmonary edema in victims. No data on the mechanisms of development of pulmonary edema upon exposure to hydrogen chloride have been found in the available literature. The study was carried out on white outbred male rats, which were divided into 3 groups: Group I control; Group II animals were intoxicated with chlorine at a dose of 1.5 median lethal concentration (30 min); Group III animals were intoxicated with hydrogen chloride at a dose of 1.5 media

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27

Shi, Laishun, Jian Gao, and Jingjing Chen. "Modeling study for oscillatory reaction of chlorite – iodide – ethyl acetoacetate." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 92, no. 5 (2014): 417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2014-0072.

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Chlorine dioxide based chemical oscillating behavior was modeled by a simple scheme consisting of three component reactions. Furthermore, little is known about the influence of the pH value. In this study, four component reactions were used to model the chlorite – iodide – ethyl acetoacetate oscillating reaction by dynamic analysis software. The oscillatory phenomenon is observed for concentration changes of triiodide ion, chlorite ion, and hydrogen ion. The initial concentration of ethyl acetoacetate, chlorite ion, iodide ion, and hydrogen ion has great influence on oscillations. The amplitud

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Hwang, Cheng-An, Lihan Huang, and Vivian Chi-Hua Wu. "In Situ Generation of Chlorine Dioxide for Surface Decontamination of Produce." Journal of Food Protection 80, no. 4 (2017): 567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-367.

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ABSTRACT Fresh fruits and vegetables are frequently contaminated with bacterial pathogens and implicated in foodborne illnesses. The objective of this study was to develop a unique surface decontamination method for produce using sodium chlorite and an acid in a sequential treatment. The surfaces of cantaloupe rinds, peels of cucumbers, stem scars of grape tomatoes, and leaves of baby spinach were inoculated with Salmonella or Listeria monocytogenes at 5 to 6 log CFU/g, submerged in 1.6 to 4% sodium chlorite solutions for 10 or 30 min, dried for 20 min, and then soaked in 6 mM hydrogen chlorid

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Kakiuchi, Masahisa. "Hydrogen Isotope Fractionation in Aqueous Alkaline Earth Chloride Solutions." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 62, no. 12 (2007): 721–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2007-1208.

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The D/H ratio of hydrogen gas in equilibrium with aqueous alkaline earth (Mg, Ca, Sr or Ba) chloride solutions measured at 25◦C using a hydrophobic platinum catalyst, was found to be higher than the D/H ratio equilibrated with the applied pure water. The hydrogen isotope effect between such solutions and pure water changes with the molality of the solutions. The order of the D/H ratios in alkaline earth chlorides is found to be BaCl2 > SrCl2 ≥ CaCl2 ≥ MgCl2. The hydrogen isotope effect in the aqueous chloride solutions of Mg, Ca, Sr or Ba ions is significantly larger than that in the aqueou

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Liao, Wei-Qiang, and Yi Zhang. "A novel cadmium(II) coordination polymer containing two kinds of independent one-dimensional chain." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 69, no. 8 (2013): 829–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270113017368.

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The structure of the title compound,catena-poly[[cadmium(II)-di-μ-chlorido-μ-(1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1-carboxylato)] [[aquachloridocadmium(II)]-di-μ-chlorido] dihydrate], {[Cd(C8H15N2O2)Cl2][CdCl3(H2O)]·2H2O}n, contains two kinds of independent one-dimensional chain,viz.{[Cd(C8H15N2O2)Cl2]+}nand {[CdCl3(H2O)]−}n, and uncoordinated water molecules. Each CdIIcation in the {[Cd(C8H15N2O2)Cl2]+}nchain is octahedrally coordinated by two pairs of bridging chloride ligands and two O atoms from different bridging carboxylate groups. CdIIcations in the {[CdCl3(H2O)]−}nchain are also octahedra

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Said, Maha, and Habib Boughzala. "A new cadmium coordination polymer based on 4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 74, no. 2 (2018): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989018000464.

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A new cadmium coordination polymer, poly[bis(4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazolium) [bis(μ2-4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole-κ2 N 1:N 2)tetra-μ2-chlorido-tetrachloridotricadmium(II)] dihydrate], {(C2H5N4)2[Cd3Cl8(C2H4N4)2]·2H2O} n , was synthesized by the reaction of 4-amino-4H-1,2,4 triazole with cadmium(II) chloride in aqueous solution. With an unusual architecture, the crystal structure exhibits two distorted octahedral coordinations of CdII joined by edge sharing. The first is composed by four chlorine and two N atoms from the triazole ligands. The second is formed by five Cl atoms and by one N atom from t

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32

Choi, SuHyeok, Jin Kyoon Park, Ki Min Nam, Joon Yong Park, and Hyeon Beom Cho. "Electrocatalytic Direct Halogenation of Aromatic Compounds Using Green Halogen Source." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 55 (2024): 5085. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02555085mtgabs.

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Chlorination reactions are important transformations in organic synthesis. Here, we introduce the electrochlorination of aromatic compounds using sodium chloride as both the chlorine source and electrolyte, with Ir/Ru/TiO₂ as the anode and RVC as the cathode. The process involves the oxidation of chloride ions at the dimensionally stable anode to produce chlorine radicals, which react with aromatic compounds to form chlorinated derivatives. The RVC cathode efficiently collects hydrogen gas and prevents its reaction with chlorine gas. This electrochlorination method offers improved selectivity,

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Marin, Daniela, Joseph T. Perryman, Michaela Burke Stevens, Adam C. Nielander, Shannon W. Boettcher, and Thomas F. Jaramillo. "Hydrogen Production with Seawater-Resilient Bipolar-Membrane Electrolyzers." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 39 (2023): 1908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02391908mtgabs.

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Commercial proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) are highly efficient when operating in ultra-pure de-ionized water. However, introduction of additional ions leads to a reduction in device durability and efficiency. Chloride (Cl-) ions, typically found in high concentrations in seawater, lead to device performance issues driven in part by the chlorine evolution reaction at the anode. At the acidic anode-cation exchange layer interface, corrosive chlorine species (OCl-, HOCl, Cl-) are readily generated due to the facile kinetics of the 2-electron oxidation reaction relative to t

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34

Szydlowski, J., and W. Kimizuka. "Hydrogen and chlorine isotope exchange in N-Methylimidazolium chloride." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters 175, no. 5 (1993): 371–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02164039.

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Gobinddass, M. L., J. Molinie, S. Richard, K. Panechou, A. Jeannot, and S. Jean-Louis. "Coastal Sea Salt Chlorine Deposition Linked to Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) Oscillation in French Guiana." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 77, no. 5 (2020): 1723–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-19-0032.1.

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Abstract Sea salt chloride is a major component of atmospheric aerosol and its behavior is an essential element in determining the climate. Two atmospheric chlorine deposition measurement procedures were performed between 2004 and 2008 by the French Guiana Regional Air Observatory (ORA), in the coastal plain of Sinnamary. The main goal was to determine the background spatial distribution of marine chlorine in order to evaluate the impact of Ariane rocket hydrogen chloride emission. To determine the chlorine concentration level, weekly samples from 10 sites were analyzed. A seasonal pattern was

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Zhang, Kun, Wei Shan, and Wen Bo Sun. "The Impact of Electrochemical Chloride Extraction on Reinforced Bond." Materials Science Forum 902 (July 2017): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.902.41.

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This paper examines the impact of type of electrolyte solutions, standing time without electricity on the reinforced bond of the concrete of different water cement ratio before and after chloride extraction, processes the microscopic structure and mechanism analysis. The electrochemistry method can discharge the chlorine salt without destroying the original concrete protective layer and realize the non-loss, low cost and fast repair for the concrete structure destroyed by the chlorine salt corrosion. The results show a substantial loss of the reinforced bond (70-76%) after chloride extraction

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Beznosyk, Yurii, and Liudmyla Bugaieva. "Study of structure of flows of a technological apparatus using the theory of random functions." Technology audit and production reserves 1, no. 3(57) (2021): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.225023.

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The object of research is the structure of flows in the absorber of hydrogen chloride. One of the most problematic areas in the study of flow hydrodynamics in chemical-technological devices are both technological and technical difficulties, when the device is exposed to random disturbances and/or the supply of a standard indicator is impossible due to a violation of the technological regulations. A method for studying the hydrodynamic structure of flows in a shelf absorber of hydrogen chloride of the «Korobon-KA» type (Germany) in the normal operation of a chemical apparatus using the theory o

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Yurii, Beznosyk, and Bugaieva Liudmyla. "Study of structure of flows of a technological apparatus using the theory of random functions." Technology audit and production reserves 1, no. 3(57) (2021): 16–20. https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.225023.

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<em>The object of research is the structure of flows in the absorber of hydrogen chloride. One of the most problematic areas in the study of flow hydrodynamics in chemical-technological devices are both technological and technical difficulties, when the device is exposed to random disturbances and/or the supply of a standard indicator is impossible due to a violation of the technological regulations.</em> <em>A method for studying the hydrodynamic structure of flows in a shelf absorber of hydrogen chloride of the «Korobon-KA» type (Germany) in the normal operation of a chemical app

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Hodin, Fredrik, Hans Borén, Anders Grimvall, and Susanne Karlsson. "Formation of Chlorophenols and Related Compounds in Natural and Technical Chlorination Processes." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 3-4 (1991): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0496.

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Surface water was halogenated by the addition of: (i) chloroperoxidase, hydrogen peroxide and chloride; (ii) hydrogen peroxide and chloride or bromide; (iii) hypochlorite. Analysis of adsorbable organic halogen (AOX), halogenated phenols and purgeable organic compounds showed that reactions (i) and (ii) produced almost the same halogenated compounds. It was also shown that active chlorine occurred as an intermedi-ate in reaction (i). Reaction (ii) implied a marked halogenation only after the addition of bromide, and this reaction was enhanced by a low pH. Existing evidence that 2,4,6-trichloro

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LUKASIK, JERZY, MICHAEL L. BRADLEY, TROY M. SCOTT, et al. "Reduction of Poliovirus 1, Bacteriophages, Salmonella Montevideo, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Strawberries by Physical and Disinfectant Washes†,‡." Journal of Food Protection 66, no. 2 (2003): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-66.2.188.

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The efficacy levels of different physical and chemical washing treatments in the reduction of viral and bacterial pathogens from inoculated strawberries were evaluated. Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Montevideo, poliovirus 1, and the bacteriophages PRD1, φX174, and MS2 were used as model and surrogate organisms. Chemicals readily available to producers and/or consumers were evaluated as antimicrobial additives for the production of washes. The gentle agitation of contaminated strawberries in water for 2 min led to reductions in microbial populations ranging from 41 to 79% and from 62 to

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Peer, Michael, Burkhard Berninger, Alexander Hofmann, and Thomas Fehn. "Chemical recycling of PVC-containing plastic waste for recycling of critical metals." Detritus, no. 26 (2024): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2024.18360.

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Chemical recycling of polyvinyl chloride containing plastic waste to recover critical metals is a promising way to solve two important problems (polyvinyl chloride disposal and critical metal recovery) in waste management and is being transferred on a larger scale in the “CHM-Technology” project. Various polyvinyl chloride containing plastic wastes were pyrolyzed to generate a hydrogen chloride rich vapor. This hydrogen chloride rich vapor is used in a second step to chlorinate indium in liquid crystal displays. Indium chloride has a lower boiling point than indium-tin-oxide and evaporates. Th

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Bessonova, Valentina, and Аnastasia Sklyarenko. "Dynamics of Chlorine Content in Leaves of Woody Plants of Protection Forest Bands in the City of Zaporizhzhya." Ekológia (Bratislava) 39, no. 3 (2020): 214–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eko-2020-0016.

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AbstractAs a result of the activity of industrial enterprises, atmospheric air is being contaminated by gaseous pollutants. Such substances as chlorine and hydrogen chloride are considered to be harmful for both humans and plants. Vegetation is a universal filter that is able to combat the environmental pollution by industrial emissions with the help of appropriate technical facilities. The aim of this study is to analyze the level of accumulation of chlorine in the leaves of woody plants that grow in the area of forest plantations of sanitary protection zones of industrial enterprises. The ob

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Olek, Małgorzata, Witold Żukowski, and Jerzy Baron. "Sorption of Hydrogen Chloridein The Fluidized Bed Reactor." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 26, no. 1 (2019): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2019-0006.

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Abstract Combustion of fuels, including renewable fuels and thermal treatment of waste (CFCs, pesticides), is associated with emissions of pollutants including halogens. The reversible process of sorption/desorption of HCl, in a fluidized (bubbling) bed reactor (BFB), during co-combustion of Cl-materials, was carried out. The thermal decomposition of methylene chloride (DCM, CH2Cl2) in an inert sand bed with the addition of the hydroxyapatite sorbent (HAp, Ca5(PO4)3(OH)) was investigated. The process parameters were as follows: temperature - 930 °C, the air excess - 1.3, stream rate of CH2Cl2

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Zumaquero Silvero, Eulalia, Jessica Gilabert Albiol, Eva María Díaz-Canales, María Jesús Ventura Vaquer, and María Pilar Gómez-Tena. "Application of Evolved Gas Analysis Technique for Speciation of Minor Minerals in Clays." Minerals 10, no. 9 (2020): 824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10090824.

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Mineralogical characterization of clays used in manufacturing of traditional ceramic products is critical for guarantee the quality of the final product, but also for assessing the environmental impact of the industrial process in terms of atmospheric emissions. In fact, the presence of impurities even in low-level concentrations can have a big impact. So, it is very important to carry out an accurate mineral quantification of those minerals which are related to carbon dioxide and acid emissions (hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride or sulfur dioxide). The development of hyphenated techniques

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Adiga, Prajwal, Nathan Doi, Cindy Wong, et al. "The Influence of Transitional Metal Dopants on Reducing Chlorine Evolution during the Electrolysis of Raw Seawater." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (2021): 11911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112411911.

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Electrocatalytic water splitting is a possible route to the expanded generation of green hydrogen; however, a long-term challenge is the requirement of fresh water as an electrolyzer feed. The use of seawater as a direct feed for electrolytic hydrogen production would alleviate fresh water needs and potentially open an avenue for locally generated hydrogen from marine hydrokinetic or off-shore power sources. One environmental limitation to seawater electrolysis is the generation of chlorine as a competitive anodic reaction. This work evaluates transition metal (W, Co, Fe, Sn, and Ru) doping of

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辛, 旭. "Recent Progress in Catalytic Oxidation of Hydrogen Chloride into Chlorine." Journal of Advances in Physical Chemistry 10, no. 01 (2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/japc.2021.101001.

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Скудаев, Владимир, and Анатолий Соломонов. "Study of the interaction of hydrogen chloride and chlorine oxide." PNRPU Bulletin. Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9400/2018.3.08.

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Гармаш, Роман Вікторович. "Chlorine and hydrogen chloride gas emissions cleaning in vinylchloride production." Technology audit and production reserves 5, no. 4(13) (2013): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2312-8372.2013.18212.

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Johnson, Jessica, and Jack Winnick. "Electrochemical membrane separation of chlorine from gaseous hydrogen chloride waste." Separation and Purification Technology 15, no. 3 (1999): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5866(98)00103-8.

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Kukurová, K., Z. Ciesarová, A. Bednáriková, and L. Marková. "Effect of Inorganic Salts on Acrylamide Formation in Cereal Matrices." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 27, Special Issue 1 (2009): S425—S428. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/956-cjfs.

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The aim of the work was to compare the impact of different salts such as monovalent and divalent chlorides, hydrogencarbonates, phosphates and lactate on acrylamide formation in cereal model system during baking at 190°C for 9 min. Ammonium hydrogencarbonate promoted acrylamide production significantly. On the other hand, other inorganic salts lowered acrylamide content. Calcium chloride was the most effective with near to 90% acrylamide elimination ability. Sodium acid pyrophosphate, sodium as well as potassium dihydrogen phosphate were also very effective and brought about 75% acrylamide con

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