Relevant bibliographies by topics / Indirect methods of economic policy

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Indirect methods of economic policy'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 2 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Indirect methods of economic policy"

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О.О., Зеленько. "ЕКОНОМІЧНА ПОЛІТИКА ТА ЇЇ ВПЛИВ НА ДІЛОВУ АКТИВНІСТЬ В ЕКОНОМІЦІ УКРАЇНИ". ЗБІРНИК НАУКОВИХ ПРАЦЬ ХАРКІВСЬКОГО НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ПЕДАГОГІЧНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ ІМЕНІ Г.С. СКОВОРОДИ "ЕКОНОМІКА", № 15 (19 липня 2015): 77–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20706.

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The economic policy of the majority of the world states which felt influence of crisis 2008 is directed on improvement of conditions of doing business for the purpose of increasing business activity in national economy. Thus the developed western countries had opportunity to overcome the most negative consequences of crisis within several years. In turn, Ukraine, despite active state participation in economic life of society, shows essential reduction of business activity. Such situation makes actual researches of a question the application of economic policy and consequences of its influence
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Lee, Charlene, Annette Lam, Teresa Kangappaden, et al. "Systematic literature review of evidence in amyloid light-chain amyloidosis." Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research 11, no. 6 (2022): 451–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/cer-2021-0261.

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Introduction: Treatment of amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis, a rare disease with a <5-year lifespan, remains challenging. This systematic literature review (SLR) aimed to evaluate the current evidence base in AL amyloidosis. Methods: Literature searches on clinical, health-related quality of life, economic and resource use evidence were conducted using the Embase, MEDLINE and Cochrane databases as well as gray literature. Results: This SLR yielded 84 unique studies from: five randomized controlled trials; 54 observational studies; 12 health-related quality of life studies, none with uti
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Mikava, Nino, and Simon Gabritchidze. "ECONOMIC BURDEN AND POLICY GAPS IN NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASE MANAGEMENT IN GEORGIA: A HEALTH ECONOMICS PERSPECTIVE." AGORA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMICAL SCIENCES 19, no. 1 (2025): 220–35. https://doi.org/10.15837/aijes.v19i1.7154.

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Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) present a significant economic challenge for healthcare systems, particularly in low- and middle-income countries such as Georgia. Beyond the health sector, the escalating burden of NCDs has substantial macroeconomic implications, including long-term fiscal pressure on public healthcare budgets, diminished labor market productivity, and increased poverty due to out-of-pocket healthcare expenditures. Collectively, these effects can impede national development and economic growth potential. This study employs a health economics perspective to examine the direct an
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Martin, Amber L., Alessandra G. Reeves, Samantha E. Berger, et al. "Systematic review of societal costs associated with stroke, bleeding and monitoring in atrial fibrillation." Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research 8, no. 14 (2019): 1147–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/cer-2019-0089.

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Aim: Economic consequences associated with the rise in nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant use on a societal level remain unclear. Materials & methods: Evidence from the past decade on the societal economic burden associated with stroke, bleeding and international normalized ratio monitoring in atrial fibrillation was collected and summarized through a systematic literature review. Results: There were 14 studies identified that reported indirect costs, which were highest among patients with hemorrhagic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage. The contribution of indirect costs to the tot
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Polushin, Y. S., R. O. Dreval, and A. N. Zabotina. "Clinical and economic assessment of the therapy of acute kidney injury in sepsis with continuous combined methods of renal replacement therapy." Messenger of ANESTHESIOLOGY AND RESUSCITATION 18, no. 5 (2021): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21292/2078-5658-2021-18-5-7-20.

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Objective: complex assessment of clinical and economic effectiveness as well as saving of the state budget assets within the therapy of patients with sepsis/septic shock based on different technologies of blood purification.Methods. Evaluation of direct and indirect costs of the eight blood purifcation methods. The target population includes adult patients 18+ with septic acute kidney injury. The study was conducted in compliance with acting Standards on Clinical Economic Studies used in the Russian Federation.The study methods included evaluation of existing randomized clinical studies and tria
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Christensen, Hannah, Hareth Al-Janabi, Pierre Levy, et al. "Economic evaluation of meningococcal vaccines: considerations for the future." European Journal of Health Economics 21, no. 2 (2019): 297–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10198-019-01129-z.

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AbstractIn 2018, a panel of health economics and meningococcal disease experts convened to review methodologies, frameworks, and decision-making processes for economic evaluations of vaccines, with a focus on evaluation of vaccines targeting invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). The panel discussed vaccine evaluation methods across countries; IMD prevention benefits that are well quantified using current methods, not well quantified, or missing in current cost-effectiveness methodologies; and development of recommendations for future evaluation methods. Consensus was reached on a number of poi
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Borsch, Lyudmila, and Svetlana Gerasimova. "Performance Analysis of Regional Budgetary Policy." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika, no. 1 (April 2021): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2021.1.7.

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The article examines the actual scientific and practical problem of budgetary regional policy, the formation and use of a consolidated budget as an effective mechanism for allocating the budget to the municipal territories of the region. The effectiveness of the regional budget policy is influenced by the monetary policy of the central bank, which performs an important function of managing the monetary sphere, using tools and methods that affect socio-economic development with the use of complex processes of influencing the processes of reproduction, which determines the relevance of this stud
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Xiang, Huali, Jun Yang, Xi Liu, and Jay Lee. "Balancing Population Distribution and Sustainable Economic Development in Yangtze River Economic Belt of China." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (2019): 3320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123320.

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From a macro perspective, the inconsistency between population distribution and economic development reflects the lag of population mobility and, at the same time, widens regions’ economic disparity. China, as a socialist country, is very concerned with the regional disparities. Aiming at analyzing ways to reduce regional disparities and promote balanced and sustainable regional developments, this paper applies spatial analytical methods in econometrics, using the Yangtze River Economic Belt in China as an example, to analyze the spatial inconsistency between the distribution of population and
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Sharma, Dr Aashutosh. "An Analytical Study of Tax Revenue Receipts in Chhattisgarh: Trends, Composition, and Implications for Fiscal Policy." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 09 (2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem37553.

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This paper aims to examine the composition, trends, and patterns of tax revenue receipts in the state of Chhattisgarh over recent years. Using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, the study explores the role of tax revenues in state finance, focusing on direct and indirect taxes, tax buoyancy, and the efficiency of tax collection mechanisms. The study also delves into the implications of tax revenue performance on fiscal sustainability, development programs, and public welfare initiatives. By analyzing state budget documents, official reports, and comparative data from other
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Krieger, Nancy. "Embodying Inequality: A Review of Concepts, Measures, and Methods for Studying Health Consequences of Discrimination." International Journal of Health Services 29, no. 2 (1999): 295–352. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/m11w-vwxe-kqm9-g97q.

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Investigating effects of discrimination upon health requires clear concepts, methods, and measures. At issue are both economic consequences of discrimination and accumulated insults arising from everyday and at times violent experiences of being treated as a second-class citizen, at each and every economic level. Guidelines for epidemiologic investigations and other public health research on ways people embody racism, sexism, and other forms of social inequality, however, are not well defined, as research in this area is in its infancy. Employing an ecosocial framework, this article accordingl
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Indirect methods of economic policy"

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Walton, Kevin John Davlin. "The Mystery of Governance: Its Direct and Indirect Impact on Economic Growth." Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1340.

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Thesis advisor: Robert Murphy<br>In this paper, I explore the connection between governance and economic growth. Economic growth has been a phenomenon experienced by some countries, but totally lacking in others. This paper explores the role of governance on growth, utilizing the governance indicators developed by the World Bank’s Worldwide Governance Indicators project. I develop a model that is a synthesis of the Solow Growth Model, as well as the growth models developed by Burnside and Dollar (2000) and Kaufmann and Kraay (2002). My results conclude that governance is linked with economic g
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Wilson, John Kyle. "Essays in public policy : rent seeking, compliance and indirect lobbying /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw7463.pdf.

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Hong, Yuqun. "Monetary policy coordination between the United States and the Euro Area : an application of indirect inference to a two-country DSGE model." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/57140/.

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Calls for monetary policy coordination has increased as the intensifed macro- economic interdependence cultivates the conflict of interests between economics, especially following the current crisis. Yet the literature has not reached a con- sensus on whether monetary policy coordination is welfare-improving. This thesis, taking from another perspective, assesses the real-world existence and extent of monetary policy coordination associated with economic interdepen- dence between the United States (US) and the Euro Area (EA), and investigates the changes of international transmission in the pr
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Dalheimer, Bernhard [Verfasser]. "Economic Policy in Global Commodity Markets - Methods, Efficiency and Trade-offs / Bernhard Dalheimer." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1219731846/34.

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Lee, Keon Hyok. "Industrial policy in the Republic of Korea : an assessment using cost-benefit methods." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1990. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1212/.

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The identification of the appropriate role for government is a crucial element in the formulation of economic policy for developing countries. During the 1940s and 1950s the balance of opinion rested firmly in favour of substantial intervention, but over the 1960s and 1970s the balance shifted in what Little describes as the "neoclassical resurgence". In the important debate between the proponents of free markets and the supporters of government intervention, South Korea has been a major battle ground. The neoclassical view, which is currently enjoying some prominance, is that the Korean econo
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Antonakakis, Nikolaos, and Gabriele Tondl. "Does Integration and Economic Policy Coordination Promote Business Cycle Synchronization in the EU?" Springer, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10663-014-9254-2.

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Previous studies have discounted important factors and indirect channels that might contribute to business cycle synchronization (BSC) in the EU. We estimate the effects of market integration and economic policy coordination on bilateral business cycle correlations over the period 1995-2012 using a simultaneous equations model that takes into accounts both the endogenous relationships and unveils direct and indirect effects. The results suggest that (i) trade and FDI have a pronounced positive effect on BCS, particularly between incumbent and new EU members. (ii) Rising specialization does not
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Bierie, David M. "Cost matters application and advancement of economic methods to inform policy choice in criminology /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/6786.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.<br>Thesis research directed by: Criminology and Criminal Justice. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Karfakis, C. J. "An evaluation of monetary, exchange rate and reserve policies in Greece using time-series methods." Thesis, University of Essex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383396.

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Pérez-Mares, Marco Alejandro. "On the Economic Effects of Policy Responsiveness: The Role of Candidate Selection for General Elections." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgu_etd/34.

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Policy responsiveness to the demands of the whole is important because it is a determinant of growth and development: Institutions that make governments more inclusive favor economic progress and factors that make governments more exclusive inhibit prosperity. Growth-enhancing policies likely to please the citizenry include policies that ensure the prevalence of the rule of law, policies that protect property and intellectual rights, and policies that foster competition, access and the perfection of markets. In contrast, growth-retarding policies likely to initiate from the representation effo
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Soeltenfuss, Jan. "Policy perspectives and an analysis of evaluation methods for selected EC-financed projects." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8224_1255694435.

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<p>This research proposed to look at quality standards of evaluations in economic and financial respect undertaken on behalf of the European Commission in order to assess the performance of its development assistancein a policy-driven context. the research found that evaluation on the basis of an individual project is often flawed and lacks quality in terms of the applied evaluation method.</p>
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Books on the topic "Indirect methods of economic policy"

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Fund, International Monetary. National Bank of Poland: The road to indirect instruments. International Monetary Fund, 1998.

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Ugolini, Piero. National Bank of Poland: The road to indirect instruments. International Monetary Fund, 1996.

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J, DeVoretz Don. Immigration policy: Methods of economic assessment. IZA, 2004.

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Baldassari, Carol. A catalogue of methods for preserving affordable housing. Metropolitan Area Planning Council, 1988.

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Haider, Naqvi Syed Nawab. Modelling Pakistan's economy: Forecasting and policy simulations. Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, 1986.

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Sawhney, Aparna. Public interest litigation as indirect market-based instrument of pollution control. Indian Institute of Management, 2002.

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Gomułka, Stanisław. Privatisation in Poland 1989-1993: Policies, methods and results. Poltext, 1994.

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Frenkel, Jacob A. International coordination of economic policies: Scope, methods, and effects. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1988.

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1962-, Ross Don, and Ayogu Melvin D, eds. Development dilemmas: The methods and political ethics of growth policy. Routledge, 2005.

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D, Levin Norman, ed. Modernizing the North Korean system: Objectives, methods, applications. RAND Corporation, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Indirect methods of economic policy"

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Korkman, Sixten. "Methods." In Economic Policy in the European Union. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230511293_3.

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Kirchgässner, Gebhard, and Georg Müller-Fürstenberger. "Environmental Policy in Switzerland: Methods, Results, Problems and Challenges." In Economic Policy in Switzerland. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25875-8_8.

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Steuer, Max. "The Scope and Methods of Economics." In Dangerous Guesswork In Economic Policy. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56078-1_5.

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Haufler, Andreas, and Friedrich Schneider. "Indirect Tax Policy in the European Community: An Economic Analysis." In Studies in International Economics and Institutions. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07133-5_11.

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Samson, Perry J. "Methods for Diagnosing the Sources of Acid Deposition." In Acid Deposition: Environmental, Economic, and Policy Issues. Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8350-9_5.

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Streicher, Gerhard, and Johannes Gutleber. "Building CERN’s Future Circular Collider—An Estimation of Its Impact on Value Added and Employment." In Science Policy Reports. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-60931-2_12.

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AbstractThis chapter explores the potential economic and employment impacts of constructing the Future Circular Collider (FCC), a next-generation particle accelerator being developed by CERN. The FCC project aims to build upon the existing accelerator complex near Geneva, extending into the Haute-Savoie region and introducing an unparalleled research facility for the global scientific community. By integrating a high-intensity electron-positron collider and a high-energy hadron collider, the FCC is designed to push the boundaries of particle physics throughout the twenty-first century. Beyond
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Prasetyo, Ahmad Danu. "Does Reforming the Benchmark Policy Rate Really Work? The Analysis of Monetary Policy Transmission in Indonesia." In Advances in Cross-Section Data Methods in Applied Economic Research. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38253-7_18.

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Brunner, Hans-Peter, and Kislaya Prasad. "Policy Exploration with Agent-Based, Economic Geography Methods of Regional Economic Integration in South Asia." In Economic Complexity and Evolution. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13299-0_11.

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Rustem, Berc. "Methods for the Simultaneous Use of Multiple Models in Optimal Policy Design." In Developments of Control Theory for Economic Analysis. Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3495-5_11.

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Kaewsompong, Nachatchapong, and Terdthiti Chitkasame. "Economic Policy Uncertainty and Stock-Bond Correlations: Evidence from the Thailand Market." In Credible Asset Allocation, Optimal Transport Methods, and Related Topics. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97273-8_24.

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Conference papers on the topic "Indirect methods of economic policy"

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Oluwafemi, Funmilola, Umang Jain, Daniella Factor, et al. "The Socio-Economic Benefits of Gravity Variation Researches: A Case Study of Terrestrial Microgravity Platforms, Methods, and Examples for Life Sciences." In 37th IAA Symposium on Space Policy, Regulations and Economics, Held at the 75th International Astronautical Congress (IAC 2024). International Astronautical Federation (IAF), 2024. https://doi.org/10.52202/078380-0026.

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Akhoondan, Mersedeh, Brien Clark, and Graham Bell. "Application of Indirect Condition Assessment Techniques for Electrically Discontinuous Buried Water/Wastewater Pipeline: a Case Study." In CORROSION 2018. NACE International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2018-11064.

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Abstract Failure of water/wastewater mains incurs heavy repair and replacement costs, in addition to customer’s inconvenience. Taking preventive measures such as condition assessment for early determination of corrosion in aging infrastructures is crucial for agencies from both a safety and an economic standpoint. Direct assessment techniques provide valuable insight on the existing condition of any buried structures. In an ideal case, agencies would have enough time, budget, and resources to reveal, excavate, and conduct direct assessment of their entire aging assets (e.g., miles of pipelines
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Shubat, Oksana, and Mark Shubat. "Demographic And Statistical Modelling Of Grandfatherhood In Russia." In 35th ECMS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2021-0057.

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In recent years, negative demographic trends have been developing in Russia. The most important is a decline in the birth rate. Researchers are actively looking for new determinants of this process, on the basis of which measures of population policy can be developed. One of these determinants may be active grandparenting, which means the active participation of grandparents in the processes of caring for grandchildren. The aim of this study is to create a demographic and statistical model of a typical Russian grandfather, actively involved in childcare. We used the following methods: parametr
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Ananchenkova, Polina, Andrey Goryainov, and Victoriya Tonkonog. "DISTANCE LEARNING AS THE PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT TOOL OF EMPLOYEES UNDER THE COMPANY STAFF POLICY." In eLSE 2019. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-19-117.

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Competently organized personnel management system helps to achieve the company business-objectives. The best result is achieved when using the training systems in the staff management. Among approaches to the corporate education management recently the distance (electronic) learning technology is becoming more relevant. Large companies with extensive branch networks solve the problem of employee training in the classical way: they conduct internal classroom training or delegate specialists to seminars conducted by training organizations. However, these methods are not always effective for a nu
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FREIMANIS, Kristaps, and Maija ŠENFELDE. "METHODOLOGY FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF REGULATION COSTS IN THE BANKING MARKET." In International Scientific Conference „Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering". Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2021.600.

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Purpose – In the field of the economics’ regulation researchers so far have built the conceptual framework showing how the deadweight loss of market failures decrease and costs of the government intervention increase with the increased level of the government intervention. In order to quantify relationships between the level of intervention, intervention costs and the deadweight loss with econometric models it is important to understand how to quantify the regulation costs as a part of intervention costs. The objective of the research presented in this paper is to find the appropriate methodol
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Liu, Yanni, and Yaqing Hu. "Research on the Indirect Impact of Monetary Policy Uncertainty and Loan Default – Based on Two Channels of Banks and Enterprises." In Hradec Economic Days 2022, edited by Jan Maci, Petra Maresova, Krzysztof Firlej, and Ivan Soukal. University of Hradec Kralove, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36689/uhk/hed/2022-01-045.

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Çelik, Sabahat Binnur. "Turkey's Direct and Indirect Taxation Policy in terms of Tax Justice." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01564.

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Public finance is a branch of science which examines the activities' economic and finance aspects of the public sector. Public finance has three main objectives such as keeping the economy in balance, providing justice in the distribution of income and providing the economic development / growth. State has to create and apply some finance and economic policies according to those objectives.&#x0D; State can use mainly three tools which are public incomes (mostly taxes), public expenditures and public debt for to keep and to protect the economy in balance. While keeping and protecting the econom
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Schütze, Florian, and Sami Diaf. "Estimating Policy Uncertainty Within Monetary Policy Debates." In CARMA 2023 - 5th International Conference on Advanced Research Methods and Analytics. Universitat Politècnica de València, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carma2023.2023.16419.

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Studying policy uncertainty contained in collections of documents has been a major task for political researchers and economists, who aim at measuring this degree exclusively with wordlists and topic models to feed further econometric inferences or test hypotheses. Such bag-of-word applications constrain the analysis and cannot render a clear picture of uncertainty drivers and their persistence, even if semi-supervised strategies may offer coherent improvements at the topic level. This work proposes a semantic search strategy, using Top2vec, to identify sources of uncertainty, at the debate le
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Granitsa, Yulia. "Formation Of Regional Budgetary Policy Using Stochastic Dominance Methods." In IV International Scientific Conference "Competitiveness and the development of socio-economic systems" dedicated to the memory of Alexander Tatarkin. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.04.100.

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GOMBITOVÁ, Dagmar. "Integrating Delphi and AHP methods in long-term policy decisions." In Current Trends in Public Sector Research. Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9646-2020-2.

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This paper presents the application of expert decision methods for the formulation and prioritisation of the long-term economic, social and environmental policies in the Slovak Republic. The Partnership Agreement for the Slovak Republic is an underlying strategy for investments from the European Structural and Investment Funds in the period 2021-2027. Policies implemented under the Partnership Agreement will allocate €13.4b on four policy objectives. This paper concentrates on the policy objective 4 ‘Social development’. The authors co-operated with the Deputy Prime Minister Office and assembl
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Reports on the topic "Indirect methods of economic policy"

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Pexas, Georgios, Ilias Kyriazakis, and Bob Doherty. The Future of Animal Feed. Food Standards Agency, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.gzi586.

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The feed-food competition for environmental and economic resources raises increasing concerns about the production and supply of protein for the global livestock sector. Risks to food-security and approaching deadlines for global sustainable development, means exploring the potential for alternative protein feeds is imperative. However, as the use of alternative feeds for livestock production is still at its infancy, it is critical that potential direct or indirect food safety risks are evaluated before implementation at commercial scales. This Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA) offers a lens tha
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Traore, Raïssatou Joëlle. Tax Harmonisation Policy within the West African Economic and Monetary Union: Analysis and Prospects. Institute of Development Studies, 2025. https://doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2025.017.

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Since 1994, the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) has been engaged in an ambitious project to harmonise its members’ domestic tax systems. Including both indirect and direct taxation, this project has targeted value-added tax (VAT), excise duties, corporate income tax, tax on income from movable capital and rules on double taxation. This study focuses on the WAEMU bodies responsible for the development and implementation of tax harmonisation standards. It also details the objectives assigned to this tax harmonisation policy, so that it can be better evaluated. Summary of ICTD Wo
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Breslin, Shaun. Chinese Economic Insecurities: Where they Come From (and Why they Matter). EuroHub4Sino, 2025. https://doi.org/10.31175/eh4s.4e40.

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Key Takeaways The size of the Chinese economy means that policy changes in China can have indirect implications for Europeans, even when Europe is not part of Chinese considerations at all. Many such policy changes have their origins in Chinese insecurities rather than perceptions of Chinese strength and power. The current Chinese leadership is more insecure about its grip on power the way that it projects itself to foreign audiences often suggest. Rhetorically at least, these insecurities are increasing as China’s leaders attempt the twin tasks of shifting both the basis of economic growth an
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Ardanaz, Martín, Mark Hallerberg, and Carlos Scartascini. Research Insights: When Fiscal Adjustments Must Be Made, Do Voters Care Which Policy Is Used? Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005292.

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Fiscal adjustments, aimed at resolving imbalances that can lead to an economic crisis, have a high political cost in Latin America and the Caribbean. Fiscal consolidations in the region generally focuses on raising indirect taxes, such as the value added tax (VAT), which are relatively easy to collect. Experimental evidence, however, indicates that citizens would prefer to reduce public spending rather than increase taxes. The countries of Latin America and the Caribbean must invest in fiscal tools that give them more room to maneuver in times of economic crisis and thus reduce negative impact
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Grijalva, Diego F., Carlos Uribe-Terán, and Iván Gachet. The Contractionary Effects of Protectionist Trade Policy in a Dollarized Economy. Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005501.

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This study analyzes the firm-level impacts of temporary safeguard import tariffs implemented in Ecuador from 2015 to 2017. Employing a difference-in-differences methodology, we explore the policy's effects on a unique dataset combining firm- and product-level data. We focus on the direct effects on importing firms and indirect effects through the value chain. The analysis shows that, while the safeguards significantly reduced imports, they also resulted in short-run negative scale effects on firms. These include reduced sales, employment, labor costs, and material costs, without positive impac
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Sands, Ronald, and Man-Keun Kim. Modeling the Competition for Land: Methods and Application to Climate Policy. GTAP Working Paper, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp45.

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*Chapter 7 of the forthcoming book "Economic Analysis of Land Use in Global Climate Change Policy," edited by Thomas W. Hertel, Steven Rose, and Richard S.J. Tol The Agriculture and Land Use (AgLU) model was developed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory to assess the impact of a changed climate or a climate policy on land use, carbon emissions from land use change, production of field crops, and production of biofuels. The level of analysis to date is relatively aggregate, at the global or national scale, but the model captures important interactions such as endogenous land use change in
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Bán, Zoltán. Analysis of Chinese Economic Statecraft and its Methods through Four Case Studies. Külügyi és Külgazdasági Intézet, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47683/kkielemzesek.ke-2022.40.

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In the past decade, China has employed its economic statecraft more frequently, possibly due to its more advanced economic capabilities and its more assertive foreign policy. Four case studies (South Korea, Australia, Canada, and Lithuania) are analysed from the past few years regarding the Chinese economic statecraft methods in order to get a better understanding of the methods used and to derive useful conclusions and recommendations for potential future cases of economic coercion. An analysis of the four cases to identify similarities in the methods utilised by Beijing shows that success ra
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Villoria, Nelson B., and Jing Liu. Using continental grids to improve our understanding of global land supply responses: Implications for policy-driven land use changes in the Americas. GTAP Working Paper, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp81.

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Global economic models with explicit treatment of global land markets are crucial to understanding the consequences of different policy choices on global food and environmental security. However, these models rely on parameters for which there is little econometric evidence. A fundamental parameter in these models is the land supply elasticity. We provide a novel set of land supply elasticities estimated using gridded data for the American continent, and we use them in exploring previous work on the indirect land-use effects of US ethanol policy. Our estimates provide a basis for better-inform
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Masset, Edoardo. Combining economic modelling and randomised controlled trials: An unexploited synergyCombining economic modelling and randomised controlled trials: An unexploited synergy. Edited by Radhika Menon. Centre of Excellence for Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/cmb3.

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Over the last decade, many researchers have conducted randomised trials alongside economic models. The work of these researchers has shown that both approaches are strengthened by their combined use and the conclusions they lead to are full of policy implications. In the latest CEDIL Methods Brief, Edoardo Masset, Research Director, CEDIL Programme, uses three examples to offer tips on the application of modelling to evaluate development interventions and explore various policy questions. The brief shows that models and experiments should be seen as complementary, rather than as alternative ap
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Erkamo, Sanna, Karoliina Pilli-Sihvola, Atte Harjanne, and Heikki Tuomenvirta. Climate Security and Finland – A Review on Security Implications of Climate Change from the Finnish Perspective. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361362.

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This report describes the effects of climate change for Finland from the view of comprehensive security. The report examines both direct and indirect climate security risks as well as transition risks related to climate change mitigation. The report is based on previous research and expert interviews. Direct security risks refer to the immediate risks caused by the changing nature of natural hazards. These include the risks to critical infrastructure and energy systems, the logistics system, health and food security. Indirect security risks relate to the potential economic, political and geopo
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