Relevant bibliographies by topics / Informal sector of economy

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Informal sector of economy'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 2 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Informal sector of economy"

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Ramos Soto, Ana Luz. "Sector informal, economía informal e informalidad / Informal sector, informal economy and informality." RIDE Revista Iberoamericana para la Investigación y el Desarrollo Educativo 6, no. 11 (2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.23913/ride.v6i11.172.

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El objetivo de la presente propuesta es analizar la economía informal y cómo esta participa en la generación de autoempleo en la economía mexicana. Para ello se describen los conceptos del sector informal, la informalidad y la economía informal, y se analizan diferentes indicadores que permiten medir el fenómeno de estudio. En el trabajo de campo se utilizaron fuentes de información secundaria que permitieron identificar el porcentaje de la población ocupada en este sector durante el periodo 2003-2015, constatando así que 13.5 millones de personas formaron parte del sector informal en el año 2
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Himchenko, A. N., and S. V. Degtyarev. "Informal economy: employment in the informal sector of the economy." Society, Economy, Management 6, no. 2 (2021): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47475/2618-9852-2021-16211.

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Naidoo, GP, and TI Fenyes. "Quantitative linkages between the formal and informal sectors in the South African economy." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 6, no. 4 (2003): 693–723. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v6i4.1513.

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The need to quantify the impact of the informal sector has thus far not received adequate attention so as to allow policy makers, informal sector enterprises and the formal sector to determine which specific areas of the economy should be further analysed for the purposes of ascertaining the linkages that exist between the formal and informal sectors. In this study, an attempt is made to quantify the linkages between the formal and informal sector, using the 1993 South African Input–Output Table. By disaggregating the formal and informal sectors, it has been possible to determine specific coef
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Aikaeli, Jehovaness, Beatrice Kalinda Mkenda, and Finn Tarp. "Beyond the formal economy: employment and income perspectives in Tanzania." Tanzanian Economic Review 14, no. 2 (2024): 208–34. https://doi.org/10.56279/ter.v14i2.203.

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This study investigates employment and earnings levels in Tanzania's informal and formal sectors, as well as the factors that determine them. Despite growth in the economy, insufficient job creation in the formal sector has rendered the informal sector an inevitable source of employment for youths. We use the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition to examine the disparity between formal and informal earnings, and Quantile Regression to investigate the factors that determine earning differentials across income groups. Among key findings are: first, there are major differences in average earnings between
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S.P., Prakruthi. "INFORMAL SECTOR IN INDIA." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 6, S2 (2019): 149–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2633469.

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<em>The Informal Sector of the economy refers to the household based manufacturing activity and small scale and tiny sector of industry and in Indian informal sector contributes more GDP and Employment opportunities. The present paper has based upon the secondary studies to the role of informal sector in India and how many people given employment opportunities and how many problems facing and government programmes through the Informal sector in Indian Economy. </em>
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Larosa, Wilan Rias Mei, and Atriani Halawa. "Analisis Strategi Optimalisasi Penerimaan Pajak Di Sektor Ekonomi Informal." Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi dan Bisnis 1, no. 1 (2024): 15–19. https://doi.org/10.70134/jukoni.v1i1.21.

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This study aims to analyze tax revenue optimization strategies in the informal economy sector in Indonesia, which is one of the largest sectors but has not been fully exploited in national tax revenue. In this research, a qualitative approach is used with a case study method on small and medium enterprises operating in the informal sector. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and literature studies related to taxation policies and characteristics of the informal economy sector. The results show that the main obstacles to tax revenue in this sector are low tax awarenes
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Tahir, Nadia, and Pervez Tahir. "Is Informal Sector Employment Marginal to Formal Sector Growth?" Pakistan Development Review 51, no. 4II (2012): 543–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v51i4iipp.543-564.

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Pakistan has adopted a neoliberal regime to open the economy to global competition and reduce the role of the state. This directional change brought increased flow of overseas remittances, speculative investment, and consumerism. Consequently, the economy in mid-2000s grew but commodity-producing sector contracted. Public sector spending has been falling, especially on social sectors. There are inadequate provisions for social security and employment based income guarantees. However, this growth and stability was short lived and there is now a fragile state and slowing economy. In the absence
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Mughal, Khurrum S., and Friedrich G. Schneider. "How Informal Sector Affects the Formal Economy in Pakistan? A Lesson for Developing Countries." South Asian Journal of Macroeconomics and Public Finance 9, no. 1 (2020): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277978719898975.

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We explore the interaction of the informal sector with the formal economy for a developing economy, that is, Pakistan. Estimation results are obtained via autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach, which show a significantly positive effect of the informal sector in the long run whereas a negative impact of informal sector is found in the short run. We also present dynamic simulations to show the effect/contribution in terms of revised GDP per capita if the informal sector is accounted for in official statistics. The novelty of results is the varying effects of the informal
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Jamal, Sekali. "Estimation of the Informal Economy in Morocco." African Scientific Journal Vol 3, N° 6 (2021): 086. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5648345.

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<strong>R&eacute;sum&eacute; :</strong> Le but de cet article est d&#39;estimer la taille de l&#39;&eacute;conomie informelle au Maroc, de d&eacute;crire son d&eacute;veloppement de 1998 &agrave; 2018. Le mod&egrave;le MIMIC indique que l&#39;&eacute;conomie informelle du Maroc a eu tendance &agrave; augmenter pendant la p&eacute;riode 1998-2018, en particulier &agrave; partir de 2002. Cela pr&eacute;sente de nombreux d&eacute;fis auxquels le Maroc doit faire face pour g&eacute;rer et contr&ocirc;ler l&#39;expansion de ce secteur. L&#39;analyse et l&#39;identification des causes de la croissan
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S. M. P., Senanayake, Wimalaratana W., and Premaratne S. P. "Informal Sector and the Economy in Sri Lanka: A Survey of Literature." Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies 22, no. 03 (2015): 141–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24311/jabes/2015.22.3.07.

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It is customary to include all economic activities that are not officially regulated as informal sector activities. The usual definitions used to distinguish the informal sector from the formal one appear to be problematic or fussy at their edges. This dichotomy is not mutually exclusive as often thought but is in fact interdependent in many respects. It is also argued that informal enterprises often move upwards in a hierarchy of organizational forms and finally end up as formal sector units through vertical linkages. The informal sector provides jobs for very vulnerable low-income groups in
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Informal sector of economy"

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Smith, Collin E. "The underground economy : estimation techniques and policy implications." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60089.

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This thesis analyzes the estimation procedures and policy implications of an underground economy. In completing this task, we reviewed the techniques developed by Gutmann, Ferge, Tanzi, and others. Further attention was also given to the estimation processes, such as the survey approaches, used by various governments.<br>In analyzing the policy implications of an underground economy, we examined the effects of fiscal and monetary policy, the aggregate statistics, the exchange rate, and other equally important indicators. We concluded that the consequences of a large and growing submerged secto
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Phala, Terrance Madiseng. "Constraints and opportunities in the informal economy." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019809.

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In spite of the fact that informal traders in the informal economy are viewed as having the greatest prospects for creating jobs and absorbing the unemployed in developing countries, informal traders in Limpopo Province in general, and the city of Polokwane in particular, face various constraints that negatively affect them on a daily basis. The aim of the study has been to explore the constraints and opportunities of informal traders, using the city of Polokwane as a case study. The study has attempted to identify and describe constraints that affect informal traders in the Polokwane city, as
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Kahyalar, Neslihan. "Three empirical essays on the informal economy : the Turkish case." Thesis, Swansea University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678357.

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Bashe, Akhona Carol. "The formalization of the informal sector economy : Panacea or Chimera?" Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23264.

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In 2011 author Robert Neuwirth identified the global informal sector economy as having a combined Gross Domestic Product (GDP) that is equivalent to the second largest economy in the world behind the United States of America (USA).Studies have shown that the informal sector economy is prevalent in Africa and India which are both considered to be emerging market economies with potential for exponential growth. The GDP of a country is calculated using a total of a countries production of goods and services; however production in the informal sector economy is unaccounted for. The inclusion of th
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Tuc, Mis Sine. "Informal Sector Wage Gap In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613741/index.pdf.

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Informality has been a widespread fact in most of developing countries. Especially after the implementation of liberalization policies in the 1980s, informal sector has expanded, and informal employment has been more attractive in the Turkish economy. The aim of this thesis is to examine whether there is wage gap between formal and informal employment in Turkey for the years 2007 and 2008. In order to test if the determinants of wages are different, selection corrected wage equations are estimated for manufacturing and service sectors for men and women separately by using the Household Labor F
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Dyantyi, Unathi Sisikelelwe. "Revitalisation of the informal township economy in Mdantsane." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15611.

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The main focus of this study was to perform an assessment of viable and sustainable means of creating a vibrant and sustainable economy in the Mdantsane Township. In order to perform the assessment objectives were formulated which aimed at assessing whether the informal small business sector of Mdantsane was generating wealth and livelihoods for the people running them. The study also looked at whether the informal business sector is a preferred option by most South Africans or people in the townships would rather seek employment. A number of data collection methods were used in completing thi
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Thieme, Tatiana Adeline. "Trash and toilets : 'hustling' and the informal economy in Mathare, Kenya." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619035.

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Rogers, Lesley A. "The role of the informal economy in community based economic development : the local exchange trading system example." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42008.

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The purpose of this thesis is to look at a non-conventional approach to increasing well-being at the community level. This new approach to development is called community-based economic development (CBED). Interest in CBED has been stimulated both by crises at the local level and by global problems. In Canada the impetus for CBED is attributable to three factors: the dependency of small communities on external factors and the alienation it promotes; a globalizing international economy; and the failure of past Canadian regional development planning policies. Community-based economic dev
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Aragão-Lagergren, Aida. "Working children in the informal sector in Managua." Uppsala, Sweden : Uppsala University, Dept. of Social and Economic Geography, 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/37028942.html.

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Hecker, Paul Simon 1984. "Relações entre a economia informal e as políticas econômicas e sociais no Brasil = Relations between Brazilian economic and social policies and the informal economy." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286040.

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Orientador: Marcelo Weishaupt Proni<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T02:01:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Hecker_PaulSimon_M.pdf: 1293269 bytes, checksum: 4f23219993c480fb7365b8622774ccd2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011<br>Resumo: Economia informal é um conceito proposto pela Organização Internacional do Trabalho para estudar situações ocupacionais que combinam condições de trabalho precárias e remuneração baixa, o que geralmente contribui para a reprodução de desigualdades sociais e da pobreza. No
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Books on the topic "Informal sector of economy"

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Danesh, Abol Hassan. The informal economy: Underground economy, moonlighting, subcontracting, household economy, unorganized sector, barter, ghetto economy, second economy : a research guide. Garland Pub., 1991.

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Greenfield, Harry I. Invisible, outlawed, and untaxed: America's underground economy. Praeger, 1993.

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Friedrich, Schneider, ed. The economics of the hidden economy. Edward Elgar, 2008.

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Friedrich, Schneider, ed. The economics of the hidden economy. Edward Elgar, 2008.

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Friedrich, Schneider, ed. The economics of the hidden economy. Edward Elgar, 2008.

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Stephen, Smith. Britain's shadow economy. Oxford University Press, 1986.

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Shankland, Graeme. Wonted work: A guide to the informal economy. Bootstrap Press, 1988.

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Eleanor, Preston-Whyte, and Rogerson C. M, eds. South Africa's informal economy. Oxford University Press, 1991.

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Schneider, Friedrich. Hiding in the shadows: The growth of the underground economy. International Monetary Fund, 2002.

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Trebilcock, Anne. Decent work and the informal economy. United Nations University, World Institute for Development Economics Research, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Informal sector of economy"

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Elgin, Ceyhun. "Size of the informal sector worldwide." In The Informal Economy. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429274930-4.

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Chaudhuri, Sarbajit, and Ujjaini Mukhopadhyay. "How and How Far to Liberalise a Developing Economy." In Revisiting the Informal Sector. Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1194-0_6.

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Dutta, Nabamita. "An Analysis of India's Informal Sector." In The Indian Economy @ 75. Routledge India, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003416074-15.

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Razvi, Sayyeda Zainub. "Non-profit Sector and Informal Economy." In Civil Society and Pakistan's Economy. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003302896-9.

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Elgin, Ceyhun, Turkmen Goksel, and Barchynai Kimsanova. "Access to Finance and Size of the Informal Sector." In Routledge Handbook of the Informal Economy. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003370888-22.

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Chaudhuri, Sarbajit, and Ujjaini Mukhopadhyay. "Economic Liberalisation, Informal Wage and Skilled–Unskilled Wage Inequality." In Revisiting the Informal Sector. Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1194-0_7.

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Chaudhuri, Sarbajit, and Ujjaini Mukhopadhyay. "Incidence of Child Labour, Informal Sector and Economic Liberalisation." In Revisiting the Informal Sector. Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1194-0_8.

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Bhattacharya, Rajesh, Snehashish Bhattacharya, and Kalyan Kumar Sanyal. "Dualism in the Informal Economy: Exploring the Indian Informal Manufacturing Sector." In Development and Sustainability. Springer India, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1124-2_14.

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Manga, Erick. "The gig economy in Kenya's informal transport sector." In The Routledge Handbook of the Gig Economy. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003161875-38.

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Bhattacharya, Prabir. "A Model of Development: The Static Analysis." In Informal Sector in Economic Development. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-60243-6_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Informal sector of economy"

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Peña, Diana A., Jairo R. Montoya-Torres, and Lionel Amodeo. "Recyclable waste collection routing for the informal sector." In 2024 International Conference on Connected Innovation and Technology (ICCITX). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccitx61791.2024.11071107.

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Sibenik, Goran, Rudi Stouffs, and Pieter Herthogs. "Three Objectives for a Holistic Circular Economy Potential Assessment of Built Assets." In Circular Building Sector Conference. LTH Profile Area: Circular Building Sector, 2025. https://doi.org/10.52202/080684-0011.

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Yakung, Chudah, Leanne Annor-Adjaye, and Dennis Asamoah Owusu. "Leveraging Artificial Intelligence to Passively Record Sales in Informal Sector Convenience Stores." In 2024 IEEE 9th International Conference on Adaptive Science and Technology (ICAST). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icast61769.2024.10856486.

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Acheampong, Frank, Cornelia Stolzenberg, and Veronika Johannes. "Integration of the Informal Sector for Sustainable E-Waste Management in Ghana." In 2024 Electronics Goes Green 2024+ (EGG). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/egg62010.2024.10631180.

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Sandberg, Karin, Frida Görman, Janina Östling, Alar Just, and Ylva Sandin. "Design for the Future - Versatile, Relocated, and Vertically Extended Timber Buildings for a Circular Economy." In Circular Building Sector Conference. LTH Profile Area: Circular Building Sector, 2025. https://doi.org/10.52202/080684-0019.

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Chizhikova, K. V., and V. A. Yakimova. "INFORMAL SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY OF THE AMUR REGION AS A THREAT TO ECONOMIC SECURITY." In RUSSIA AND CHINA: A VECTOR OF DEVELOPMENT. Amur State University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/rc.2019.1.86.

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Smerkolj, Nik, and Marko Jeran. "Informal Economic Activity in the Service Sector During the Pandemics of COVID-19." In Socratic Lectures 7. University of Lubljana Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55295/psl.2022.d18.

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In this contribution, we present the findings of our research on informal economic activity in the service sector during the pandemics of COVID-19. We found that approximately 28% of respondents were engaged in informal economic activity, while the most commonly purchased services were accommodation and food service activities and administrative and support service activities. Our results show that the primary reasons for such engagement were directly linked to the pandemics of COVID-19, which is an important finding for decision-makers. Based on the results of the research we believe that con
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Kasyan, A. V., and V. S. Istomin. "MECHANISMS FOR COUNTERING THE SHADOW ECONOMY AS A THREAT TO RUSSIA'S ECONOMIC SECURITY." In CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF RUSSIA AND CHINA. Amur State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/medprh.56.

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The article examines the characteristics of the shadow economy in modern Russia, the reasons and scale of the transition of the population to the informal sector, assesses the scale of criminalization of the country's economy, as well as ways to counter the shadow economy
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Alexeeva, A. V., and O. A. Tsepelev. "ANALYSIS OF THE LEVEL OF EMPLOYMENT IN THE INFORMAL SECTOR IN THE AMUR REGION." In CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF RUSSIA AND CHINA. Amur State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/medprh.50.

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Adebiyi, Juwon, Adebola Bada, Daniel Maduagwu, and Emem Udoh. "Practical Approach for Implementation of the Revised National Policy on Occupational Safety and Health 2020 in the Informal Sector: A Focus on South-South Nigeria." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208225-ms.

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Abstract The regulation of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) in Nigeria, which is currently seeing some progress in the formal sector, has been short of impressive in the informal sector of the economy. Con- sidering it is the role of every government to ensure that all sectors of the economy operate in a manner that guarantees and ensures the safety and well-being of its citizens, Article 4 of International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention No. 155- Occupational Safety and Health Convention was ratified by the Government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (FRN) in 1994, which led to the
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Reports on the topic "Informal sector of economy"

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Torero, Máximo, Miguel Robles, Manuel Hernández, Jorge De la Roca, Maureen Webber, and Desmond Thomas. The Informal Sector in Jamaica. Inter-American Development Bank, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008747.

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The informal economy plays an important, yet often overlooked, role in economies throughout the world. Informal activities can provide a much needed source of income for a great number of people. At the same time, informality motivated by regulatory distortions, tax evasion, or in the pursuit of illegal activities can be a development trap that deprives governments of needed funds and leaves participants without legal protection. This paper is one output of a broader effort aimed at better understanding the informal sector in Jamaica. Using various techniques, this paper first estimates the si
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Carlos, Jean Clarisse, Eylla Laire Gutierrez, and Marie Jel Bautista. Promoting Inclusivity in Boracay’s Informal Tourism Sector. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62986/pn2024.06.

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Despite the valuable presence of women in informal economies, there is still limited knowledge of the gender dynamics of the informal sector and its workers. Using a gender lens, this Policy Note investigates women informal workers’ experiences in Boracay’s tourism industry. It finds that competition with other industry players, seasonality of demand for tourism activities, limited tourist interactions due to designated locations by the government, and sexual harassment and prejudice often confront women’s economic operations in the island. To transition into the formal economy, the need to st
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Carlos, Jean Clarisse, Marie Jel Bautista, and Eylla Laire Gutierrez. Gendering the Informal Tourism Sector toward Inclusive and Sustainable Growth: The Case Study of Boracay Island. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.62986/dp2023.35.

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Boracay Island, Malay, is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the Philippines. Over the years, its sustained growth as a top tourist destination has been substantially supported by the Island’s informal tourism sector, which is primarily women-dominated. While both men and women provide tourism products and services, differences are observed in their occupational choices and the options made available to them. For this reason, concerns about the sustainability of tourism development vis-à-vis gender inclusivity have been raised. To bridge this gap, this study investigated the invol
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Fernández Martín, Andrés. Informal Employment and Business Cycles in Emerging Economies: The Case of Mexico. Inter-American Development Bank, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011669.

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This paper documents how informal employment in Mexico is countercyclical, lags the cycle and is negatively correlated to formal employment. This contributes to explaining why total employment in Mexico displays low cyclicality and variability over the business cycle when compared to Canada, a developed economy with a much smaller share of informal employment. To account for these empirical findings, a business cycle model is built of a small, open economy that incorporates formal and informal labor markets, and the model is calibrated to Mexico. The model performs well in terms of matching co
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Flórez, Luz Adriana. The search and matching equilibrium in an economy with an informal sector: a positive analysis of labor market policies. Banco de la República, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.831.

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Yimam, Seid, Fissha Asmare, and Mick Moore. Does Competition from the Informal Sector Reduce Tax Compliance in the Formal Sector? Evidence from Ethiopia. Institute of Development Studies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2023.023.

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It is widely believed that the existence of ‘informal sector’ enterprises that visibly do not pay direct taxes reduces the willingness of owners of formal, tax-registered enterprises to pay their own taxes. We call this the adverse evasion spillover hypothesis. It is for several reasons hard to test this hypothesis, especially in this most general form. We test a more focused version, with two components. One is that the levels of tax compliance of formal firms are reduced when those firms perceive that they are adversely affected by direct economic competition from informal enterprises. The o
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Charmes, Jacques. Designing Surveys and Analysing Results from a Gender Perspective in Economic Research. Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/core.2022.009.

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This document provides guidance on the integration of gender and diversity considerations into applied research in economics focusing on countries in which the informal sector is predominant. It draws inspiration from the support given to the West African research centres involved in researching solutions to the socioeconomic challenges posed by the Covid-19 pandemic, particularly the livelihoods of vulnerable groups and the informal sector. The document was written with the assistance of the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and is intended to be a guide to applied research. Se
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Anyidoho, Nana Akua, Max Gallien, Mike Rogan, and Vanessa van den Boogaard. Mobile Money Taxation and Informal Workers: Evidence from Ghana’s E-Levy. Institute of Development Studies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2023.047.

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In recent years, more and more governments in lower income countries have been introducing taxes on mobile money transfers as a means to raise revenue. These are often explicitly promoted as a way of taxing informal economic activity, but critics point out their potential negative impact on lower-income groups. Ghana’s electronic transfer levy (E-levy), introduced in May 2022, is a particularly interesting case study. It was explicitly justified as a way of taxing Ghana’s informal economy but includes a 100 cedi ($8.80) per day threshold to limit the tax burden on lower-income groups. Using da
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Espino, Emilio, and Martín González Rozada. Normative Fiscal Policy and Growth: Some Quantitative Implications for the Chilean Economy. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011508.

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This paper explores the qualitative and quantitative implications of optimal taxation in a developing economy when economic growth is endogenously determined. We differentiate this class of economies from a developed economy in two aspects: informal sector is quantitatively significant and tax-collecting technologies are more rudimentary. We characterize competitive equilibrium allocations and Ramsey allocations in the context of a small open economy in which the interest rate is endogenously determined, some workers can be hired in the informal market, and imperfect tax-collecting technology
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Enfield, Sue. Covid-19 Impact on Employment and Skills for the Labour Market. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.081.

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This literature review draws from academic and grey literature, published largely as institutional reports and blogs. Most information found considered global impacts on employment and the labour market with the particular impact for the very high numbers of youth, women, migrant workers, and people with disabilities who are more likely to be employed in the informal sector. There has been a high negative impact on the informal sector and for precariously employed groups. The informal labour market is largest in low and middle-income countries and engages 2 billion workers (62 percent) of the
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