Relevant bibliographies by topics / Injection Induced Pain

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Injection Induced Pain'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Injection Induced Pain"

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Bailey, Craig R. "Propofol-Induced Injection Pain." Survey of Anesthesiology 49, no. 3 (2005): 155–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.sa.0000165246.53116.5c.

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Kim, Hee Kee, Yan Ping Zhang, Young Seob Gwak, and Salahadin Abdi. "Phenyl N -tert-butylnitrone, a Free Radical Scavenger, Reduces Mechanical Allodynia in Chemotherapy-induced Neuropathic Pain in Rats." Anesthesiology 112, no. 2 (2010): 432–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e3181ca31bd.

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Background Paclitaxel is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug for breast and ovarian cancer. Unfortunately, it induces neuropathic pain, which is a dose-limiting side effect. Free radicals have been implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases. The current study tests the hypothesis that a free radical scavenger plays an important role in reducing chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. Methods Neuropathic pain was induced by intraperitoneal injection of paclitaxel (2 mg/kg) on four alternate days (days 0, 2, 4, and 6) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN), a free radica
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CHOHEDR, ABDUL HAMEED, M. MASJEDI, and M. SEYEDI. "PROPOFOL INDUCED PAIN;." Professional Medical Journal 15, no. 02 (2008): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2008.15.02.2809.

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Introduction: Propofol causes pain on injection in 28% - 90% ofpatients. A number of techniques have been tried for minimizing propofol-induced pain with variable results.Objectives:To compare the use of premixed lidocaine-propofol with metoclopramide pretreatment for the reduction of pain duringinjection of propofol in adult patients. Design: A prospective, double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.Setting: Shiraz University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Shiraz, Iran. Period: From Jan 2007 to Dec 2007.Materials & Methods: 202 subjects (ASA I-II) scheduled for elective o
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Qu, Ning, René Lindstrøm, Rogerio Pessoto Hirata, and Thomas Graven-Nielsen. "Experimental neck muscle pain increase pressure pain threshold over cervical facet joints." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 16, no. 1 (2017): 182–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjpain.2017.04.052.

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AbstractAimsEvaluate pressure pain threshold (PPT) over cervical facet joints before and after injection of experimental pain in the trapezius and multifidus muscles.MethodsFourteen healthy subjects (6 women) received randomized ultrasound-guided injections of hypertonic saline (5.8%), in the right multifidus muscle medial to C4/C5 facet joint and in the right trapezius muscle at the midpoint between C7 spinous process and acromion. The saline-induced pain intensity was assessed on a VAS scale. Before and during saline-induced pain PPTs were assessed by pressure algometry bilaterally over C2/C
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Zhang, Kaibo, Jiang Yu, Jian Li, and Weili Fu. "The Combined Intraosseous Administration of Orthobiologics Outperformed Isolated Intra-articular Injections in Alleviating Pain and Cartilage Degeneration in a Rat Model of MIA-Induced Knee Osteoarthritis." American Journal of Sports Medicine 52, no. 1 (2024): 140–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465231212668.

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Background: Intra-articular (IA) platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) injections have shown efficacy and safety in treating osteoarthritis (OA). However, the effectiveness and mechanisms of combined intraosseous (IO) administration of these orthobiologics have yet to be explored. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect on pain, cartilage, synovium/infrapatellar fat pad (IFP), and subchondral bone in rat knee OA, comparing isolated IA with combined IA and IO (IA+IO) injections of PRP or BMAC. It was hypothesized that combined in
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Feda, May, Najlaa Al Amoudi, Aly Sharaf, et al. "A Comparative Study of Children's Pain Reactions and Perceptions to AMSA Injection using CCLAD versus Traditional Injections." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 34, no. 3 (2010): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.34.3.3201l74255560520.

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Pain control is an important part of dentistry, particularly in pediatric dentistry. Recently, a computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system (CCLAD) has been developed to reduce pain related to the local anesthetic injection. In conjunction with this technology, a new approach to the anterior and middle superior alveolar nerves (AMSA) has been induced. Studies evaluating the CCLAD in pediatric dentistry showed variable results regarding its use in pediatric dentistry. Further evaluation of this technique is needed to provide sound scientific evidence on the use of the CCLAD at this sp
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Jensen, Kai, and Michael Norup. "Experimental Pain in Human Temporal Muscle Induced by Hypertonic Saline, Potassium and Acidity." Cephalalgia 12, no. 2 (1992): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1992.1202101.x.

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The study was aimed at developing a reference model for experimental pain and tenderness in the human temporal muscle by the local injection of hypertonic saline, potassium chloride and acidic phosphate buffer, using isotonic saline as control. The design was randomized and double-blind. Twenty healthy subjects had 0.2 ml test solution injected into one temporal muscle and saline into the other. Following each injection, pain was rated on a 10-point ordinal scale and pressure-pain thresholds were measured every minute for 10 min by a pressure algometer. Hypertonic saline ( n = 11) and potassiu
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Zhao, Ya-Qun. "The Analgesic Effects of Celecoxib on the Formalin-induced Short- and Long-term Inflammatory Pain." May 2017 4, no. 20;4 (2017): E575–584. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2017.584.

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The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug celecoxib has long been used for reducing pain, in spite of moderate gastrointestinal side effects. In previous studies, it has been shown that celecoxib can inhibit formalin-induced spontaneous pain and secondary hyperalgesia. Injecting formalin into a rodent’s hind paw not only induces acute pain behaviors, but also produces long-lasting hyperalgesia. Whether celecoxib can also have long-lasting effects is still unknown. Our results show that pretreatment with an intraperitoneal injection of celecoxib at one hour before formalin injection induced inhi
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Nishi, Keita, Takefumi Moriuchi, Ryohei Okamura, et al. "Mirror Therapy Reduces Pain and Preserves Corticomotor Excitability in Human Experimental Skeletal Muscle Pain." Brain Sciences 14, no. 3 (2024): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14030206.

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Approaches to preserve corticomotor excitability (CE) are attracting interest as a treatment for pain-induced changes in neural plasticity. We determined the effects of mirror therapy (MT) on skeletal muscle pain. Fifteen healthy adults who received hypertonic saline injections (5.8% NaCl, 0.2 mL) into the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle of the right hand to induce experimental skeletal muscle pain were assigned to either the “MT and injection” or “injection only” group. Post-injection, the “MT and injection” group observed their left index finger abducting and adducting for 4 min, crea
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Ford, Brendon, Milton Cohen, Mark Halaki, Joanna Diong, and Karen A. Ginn. "Experimental shoulder pain models do not validly replicate the clinical experience of shoulder pain." Scandinavian Journal of Pain 20, no. 1 (2019): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjpain-2019-0055.

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AbstractBackground and aimsPeople with shoulder pain often present with abnormal shoulder muscle function. It is not known whether shoulder pain causes or is the result of muscle dysfunction. If pain leads to muscle dysfunction, therapeutic interventions that produce shoulder pain may be contraindicated. Experimentally induced nociception can be used to investigate a causal relationship between shoulder pain and muscle dysfunction. However, the validity of current experimental shoulder pain protocols has not been established. The aim of this study was to determine whether current experimental
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Injection Induced Pain"

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Huang, Shu-Hung, and 黃書鴻. "Autologous fat graft injection for treatment of burns induced neuropathic pain: From bench to clinical." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3rff93.

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博士<br>高雄醫學大學<br>醫學研究所博士班<br>104<br>Allodynia is a common phenomenon in patients with burn wounds, which is difficult to cure and will continue for years. This kind of chronic pain has poor response with current medical treatments and may have side effects with the medication provided. Thus, management of burn induced neuropathic pain is an important issue in clinical practice. 　Autologous fat grafting has recently been shown to improve neuropathic pain in patients with postmastectomy pain syndrome and Arnold neuralgia. The other studies demonstrate that fat grafting can attenuate inflammation
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Books on the topic "Injection Induced Pain"

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Clunie, Gavin P. R., Nick Wilkinson, Elena Nikiphorou, and Deepak Jadon, eds. Oxford Handbook of Rheumatology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198728252.001.0001.

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The Oxford Handbook of Rheumatology, 4th edition, has been expanded and improved to incorporate paediatric and adolescent rheumatology. The format of the book is retained. The first four chapters offer a pragmatic guide to evaluating rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases, showing how a differential diagnosis can be formed on the basis of symptoms, examination, and investigation findings, both for regional musculoskeletal and systemic generalized conditions. Part II comprises chapters on all the major rheumatic and bone diseases and autoimmune connective tissue diseases, such as rheumatoid art
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Mowafak, Abdelghani. Botox analgesia for neuropathic pain. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0072.

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The landmark paper discussed in this chapter is ‘Botulinum toxin type A induces direct analgesic effects in chronic neuropathic pain’, published by Ranoux et al. in 2008. The muscle-relaxant properties of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) have long been known and used therapeutically. However, BTX-A actions independent of those affecting neuromuscular function had previously only been alluded to, via the observation that BTX-A injections alleviated pain more than would have been expected through the treatment of muscle spasm alone. This paper was one of the first to specifically examine the effic
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Hirohata, A., and J. Y. Kim. Optically Induced and Detected Spin Current. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787075.003.0006.

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This chapter presents an alternative method of injecting spin-polarized electrons into a nonmagnetic semiconductor through photoexcitation. This method uses circularly-polarized light, whose energy needs to be the same as, or slightly larger than, the semiconductor band-gap, to excite spin-polarized electrons. This process will introduce a spin-polarized electron-hole pair, which can be detected as electrical signals. Such an optically induced spin-polarized current can only be generated in a direct band-gap semiconductor due to the selection rule described in the following sections. This intr
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(Editor), Pramod K. Gupta, and Gayle A. Brazeau (Editor), eds. Injectable Drug Development: Techniques to Reduce Pain and Irritation. Informa Healthcare, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Injection Induced Pain"

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Tseng, Kuang-Yi, Hung-Chen Wang, Lin-Li Chang, and Kuang-I. Cheng. "Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology: Intrafascicular Local Anesthetic Injection Damages Peripheral Nerve-Induced Neuropathic Pain." In Advances in Pain Research: Mechanisms and Modulation of Chronic Pain. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1756-9_6.

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"Nociception Induced by Injection of Dilute Formaldehyde." In Encyclopedia of Pain. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28753-4_101447.

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Brewer, Randall P., Sai Munjampalli, and Aliza Kumpinsky. "Spinal Cord Infarction." In Neuropathic Pain, edited by Justin F. Averna, Alexander Bautista, George C. Chang Chien, and Michael Saulino. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190298357.003.0022.

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This chapter discusses spinal cord infarctions, which are rare but with devastating consequences. It is associated with surgical procedures that compromise oxygen supply to the spinal cord, arteriosclerosis, embolism of the spinal cord circulation, or compression of blood vessels of the spinal cord. The most common of spinal neurovascular syndromes is the anterior spinal artery syndrome, caused by infarction in the anterior two-thirds of the cord. This syndrome spares the dorsal columns as the posterior one-third of the spinal cord is supplied by a pair of posterior spinal arteries. It is char
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Trouvin, Anne-Priscille. "Pain and Paresthesia of the Hand." In Neuropathic Pain, edited by Nadine Attal and Didier Bouhassira. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197616345.003.0008.

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Abstract This chapter presents the case of a 42-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who describes tingling, pins and needles and sometimes burning pain at the right wrist and palmar area of the thumb and index, extending to the forearm. Clinical examination shows no sensorimotor deficit, and percussion of the median nerve at the wrist induces paresthesia. Carpal tunnel syndrome is frequent in RA and mainly a clinical diagnosis. Complementary explorations are not always mandatory. Nerve conduction studies may provide objective confirmation of decreased sensory and motor conduction of
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Humphreys, Keith. "Understanding the terrain." In Addiction: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199557233.003.0001.

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Abstract This chapter introduces the concept of addiction. It clarifies that not all drugs are considered addictive. However, addictive drugs produce short-term and intense effects such as increased happiness and lessened pain. The chapter lists swallowing, snorting, inhalation, and injection as the common methods of consuming drugs, while ethanol, nicotine, and cannabis are regarded as the most widely consumed addictive drugs. Meanwhile, tolerance refers to a drug losing its potency to induce an effect at a familiar dose. As a person regularly uses an addictive drug, they could shift between
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van Paassen L.A., Harkes M.P., van Zwieten G.A., van der Zon W.H., van der Star W.R.L., and van Loosdrecht M.C.M. "Scale up of BioGrout: a biological ground reinforcement method." In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. IOS Press, 2009. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-031-5-2328.

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BioGrout is a new soil improvement method based on microbiologically induced precipitation of calcium carbonate. Bacteria, which are able to convert urea into ammonium and carbonate, are injected in the soil, followed by a solution containing urea and calcium chloride. The produced carbonate precipitates with calcium. The calcium carbonate crystals form bridges between the sand grains, which increases the strength of the sand mass. The remaining ammonium chloride is extracted. In the laboratory, we proved the prospect of BioGrout as soil improvement method with sand column experiments. The nex
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Augusthy, Germina K. "Set-Valuations of Graphs and Their Applications." In Handbook of Research on Advanced Applications of Graph Theory in Modern Society. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9380-5.ch008.

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A set-valuation of a graph G=(V,E) assigns to the vertices or edges of G elements of the power set of a given nonempty set X subject to certain conditions. A set-indexer of G is an injective set-valuation f:V(G)→2x such that the induced set-valuation f⊕:E(G)→2X on the edges of G defined by f⊕(uv)=f(u)⊕f(v) ∀uv∈E(G) is also injective, where ⊕ denotes the symmetric difference of the subsets of X. Set-valued graphs such as set-graceful graphs, topological set-graceful graphs, set-sequential graphs, set-magic graphs are discussed. Set-valuations with a metric, associated with each pair of vertices
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Enoki, Toshiaki, Morinobu Endo, and Masatsugu Suzuki. "Highly Conductive Graphite Fibers." In Graphite Intercalation Compounds and Applications. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195128277.003.0012.

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From the viewpoint of applications of GICs, a very interesting development is the enhancement in conductivity of the host graphite up to the range of metals, especially for pristine materials with fibrous forms. Much attention has been paid to the exploitation of the order of magnitude intercalation-induced enhancement of the electrical conductivity of graphite fibers for the fabrication of practical high-conductivity, lightweight conductors (Vogel et al., 1977; Goldberg and Kalnim, 1981; Manini et al., 1983, 1985; Murday et al., 1984; Meschi et al., 1986; Natarajan and Woollam, 1983; Nataraja
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Conference papers on the topic "Injection Induced Pain"

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Tan, S. Chloe, R. Abdullah, N. S. Mahmud, and D. U. Gadot. "Effluent Treatment System Improvement via Process Optimization." In SPE Water Lifecycle Management Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/219045-ms.

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Abstract Objectives/Scope Terminal M, located in Sarawak, Malaysia has been struggling to meet Effluent Discharge Quality (EDQ) post EDQ Improvement Project since 2014 despite operating with chemical injection. The facility is designed with a simple effluent treatment system consisting of skim tank, Induced Gas Floatation (IGF) and holding basin prior to final discharge. Upon improvement project, de-oiler was introduced as a coagulant agent to aid the oil in water separation. However, the operation is still experiencing challenges in meeting effluent quality due to inefficient IGF. This paper
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Nicoll, Steven B., Christopher K. Hee, Martin B. Davis, and Beth A. Winkelstein. "A Rat Model of Osteoarthritic Temporomandibular Joint Pain: Mechanically-Induced Behavioral Hypersensitivity and Histologic Modifications." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176520.

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Orofacial pain associated with osteoarthritis (OA) in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a significant clinical problem [1]. The pathophysiologic and cellular mediators that underlie the development of such chronic orofacial pain are not well understood, nor has a relationship to mechanical loading been defined. Several experimental models have been developed to examine causative factors in TMJ OA progression and joint pathology. Such models often involve intra-articular injections or surgical manipulation of tissue structures in order to alter joint kinematics and stability [2–6]. For examp
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Wang, Yabo, Yanping Song, Jianyang Yu, and Fu Chen. "Effect of the Double-Slot Injection on the Leakage Flow Control in a Honeycomb-Tip Turbine Cascade." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-90589.

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Abstract The effect of five arrangements of the double-slot injections on the leakage flow control is studied in a honeycomb-tip turbine cascade numerically. The honeycomb tip is covered with 67 intact honeycomb cavities, since the uneven tip is wearable and the cavity vortex could realize the aerodynamic sealing for the leakage flow. Then in the present study, a pair of injection slots is arranged blow each cavity, aiming to enhance the leakage flow suppression by modifying the cavity vortex. According to the orientation of the two slots, five designs of the double-slot injections are propose
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Giussani, Filippo, Andrea Montorfano, Federico Piscaglia, A. Onorati, and Jerome Helie. "VOF Simulation of The Cavitating Flow in High Pressure GDI Injectors." In ILASS2017 - 28th European Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems. Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ilass2017.2017.4989.

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The paper describes the development in the OpenFOAM® technology of a dynamic multiphase Volume-of-Fluid (VoF) solver, supporting mesh handling with topological changes, that has been used for the study of the physics of the primary jet breakup and of the flow disturbance induced by the nozzle geometry during the injector opening event in high-pressure Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines. Turbulence modeling based on a scale-resolving approach has been applied, while phase change of fuel is accounted by means of a cavitation model that has been coupled with the VOF solver. Simulations have
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Takeishi, Kenichiro, Yutaka Oda, Junichi Seguchi, and Shintaro Kozono. "Effect of Endwall Film Cooling Upstream of an Airfoil/Endwall Junction to Suppress the Formation of Horseshoe Vortex in a Symmetric Airfoil." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95385.

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The effects of film cooling air injection at an endwall on the endwall film cooling and the formation of a horseshoe vortex were investigated experimentally and numerically in the leading edge region of a symmetric vane. The film cooling jet was applied upstream of the airfoil/endwall junction to give counter-momentum to the horseshoe vortex, and the temperature fields and flow fields were investigated using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and particle image velocimetry (PIV), respectively, in comparison with a large eddy simulation (LES). A comparison of the film cooling effectiveness values
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Graham, John, and Cody Hollohan. "Challenges of D-SAGD Completion." In SPE Gulf Coast Section Electric Submersible Pumps Symposium. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204517-ms.

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Abstract In the production well of a Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) injector-producer well-pair, Direct-to-SAGD (D-SAGD) reservoir steam chamber development and electrical submersible pump (ESP) deployment requires only a single workover, effectively performing the jobs in parallel. This is an improvement over the traditional approach where reservoir steam chamber development and ESP deployment occur sequentially, each requiring a dedicated workover. The D-SAGD completion not only eliminates all costs associated with one workover, but also minimizes the heat energy dissipation that wou
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MacGregor, I. R., E. Roberts, C. V. Prowse, N. A. Booth, A. Broomhead, and P. Litka. "CHANGES IN PLASMA t-PA, PAI AND FACTOR VIII FOLLOWING I. V. AND S. C. INJECTION OF DDAVP IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644133.

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DDAVP is used effectively to induce a haemostatic response in certain types of haemophilia A and von Willebrands disease, but the accompanying increase in fibrinolytic activity is an unwanted effect. Here we have quantified the extent and time course of changes in t-PA, its physiological inhibitor PAI and factor VIII moieties, using functional and immunometric assays, following i.v. and s.c. injection of DDAVP 0.4 ug kg-1 in 6 normal volunteers in a double blind crossover study.T-PA, factor VIII and vWF values increased after dosing and the area under the response versus time curve was higher
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Mottet, N., S. Grelaud, and K. Webb. "Bifrost Project: Assessment of the CO2 Storage Complex Integrity from Coupled 3D Geomechanical Modelling." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/222736-ms.

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Abstract The Bifrost project will transport and store CO2 in a geological formation offshore Denmark: from the CO2 being captured on land to the transportation offshore via specialized shipping or existing pipelines – and finally injected into the depleted gas reservoir. Situated 3650 meters below the surface, the depleted sandstone reservoir is highly suitable for permanently and safely storing CO2 thanks to its good containment and strong shale seal. TotalEnergies with its oil and gas industry’s solid offshore experience and its embedded safety culture as lead-operator of Danish Underground
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Berrino, M., D. Lengani, F. Satta, et al. "Investigation of the Dynamics of an Ultra Low NOx Injection System by POD Data Post-Processing." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42638.

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The present paper is focused on the investigation of the dynamics of the flow downstream of an Ultra Low NOx (ULN) injection system, designed to reduce NOx emissions and combustor axial length. Two rectangular flame tubes have been experimentally investigated: one aimed at simulating an unconfined exit flow, and another with the same transverse dimensions of the combustor annular sector, to simulate the confined flow field. The effects induced by the realistic flame tube presence are investigated comparing the flow field with that generated in the unconfined case. Particular attention is paid
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van Hinsbergh, V. W. M., T. Kooistra, W. Fiers, and J. J. Emeis. "TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR INCREASES THE PRODUCTION OF PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR IN HUMAN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS IN VITRO AND IN RATS IN VIVO." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642858.

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The vascular endothelium plays an important role in fibrinolysis by producing tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI). The production of these factors by cultured endothelial cells (EC) is under separate control and influenced by various mediators, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1). Similar to IL-1, the monokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induces in EC various membrane bound components: tissue factor, HLA-A,B antigens and leukocyte adhesion molecules. We here report that TNF increased the production of PAI by human EC and increased PAI plasma levels in ra
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Reports on the topic "Injection Induced Pain"

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Kwak, Sang Gyu, Yoo Jin Choo, Soyoung Kwak, and Min Cheol Chang. Efficacy of Transforaminal, Interlaminar, and Caudal Epidural Injections in Lumbosacral Disc Herniation: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0091.

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Review question / Objective: Epidural injection (EI) has been used to manage lower back or radicular leg pain from herniation of lumbar disc (HLD). Three types of EI techniques, including transforaminal (TFEI) interlaminar (ILEI), and caudal epidural injections (CEI), are being applied. We aimed to evaluate the comparative effect of TFESI, ILEI, and CEI for reducing pain or improving function in patients with HLD. Condition being studied: For controlling inflammation by the HLD, various oral medications and procedures are used. Among these therapeutic methods, EI of the drugs is frequently use
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