Academic literature on the topic 'Input intensity'

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Journal articles on the topic "Input intensity"

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Mjelde, James W., M. Edward Rister, Ronald C. Griffin, and Lawrence A. Lippke. "Are Government Programs Influencing Input Intensity?" Review of Agricultural Economics 14, no. 2 (1992): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1349502.

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Udina, A., and Lc Jain. "Skylight Light Intensity Data Logging System." Active and Passive Electronic Components 20, no. 1 (1997): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1997/61913.

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The design of a skylight intensity data logging system is presented. The proposed system is able to accept 32 inputs in two 16 input blocks with capabilities for further expansion. A typical application would be to simultaneously monitor real time change in light intensity in two skylight units, over a chosen periods of minutes, hours or days.
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Sochr, D., R. Adamovský, J. Kára, and I. Hanzlíková. "Evaluation of the influence of fermentation input substrates preparation on biogas production intensity." Research in Agricultural Engineering 60, No. 2 (2014): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/72/2012-rae.

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The article is aimed at verification of the effect of chaff length of fermented material and duration time of the contact of material with oxygen before dosing into the fermenter, on production and energy content of biogas. The results of the verification showed an effect of chaff length in the fermented material on production and energy content of the biogas at processing grass silage with high content of dry-matter and especially maize silage. When processing maize silage, optimal length of chaff in terms of production and energy content of biogas was 13 mm, with grass silage it was from 69
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Tang, Luyang, Bangke Lu, and Tianhai Tian. "The Effect of Input Digitalization on Carbon Emission Intensity: An Empirical Analysis Based on China’s Manufacturing." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4 (2023): 3174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043174.

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Digitalization is an excellent opportunity for the manufacturing industry all over the world to improve the core competitiveness and break through the “low-end locking” dilemma. However, it is not clear whether the digitalization of the manufacturing industry has positive ecological and environmental benefits under the resource and environmental constraints. To answer this question, we use the data from the world input–output database (WIOD) to investigate the impact of manufacturing input digitalization on carbon emission intensity by an extended analysis. The results show that the input digi
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Baptist, Simon, and Cameron Hepburn. "Intermediate inputs and economic productivity." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 371, no. 1986 (2013): 20110565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0565.

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Many models of economic growth exclude materials, energy and other intermediate inputs from the production function. Growing environmental pressures and resource prices suggest that this may be increasingly inappropriate. This paper explores the relationship between intermediate input intensity, productivity and national accounts using a panel dataset of manufacturing subsectors in the USA over 47 years. The first contribution is to identify sectoral production functions that incorporate intermediate inputs, while allowing for heterogeneity in both technology and productivity. The second contr
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Gebregziabher, Kidane Mariam. "Agricultural Extension Service and Input Application Intensity: Evidence from Ethiopia." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 6, no. 9 (2014): 735–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v6i9.533.

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This paper examines factors that influence agricultural input adoption in the northern part of Ethiopia. Using a 730 households survey data set, a Tobit model is estimated to explain the factors that influence farmers’ decision to adopt modern inputs or not. The factors found to significantly influence included: plot size, oxen ownership, gender, age and literacy status of the household head, adult labor force, total non-farm income, extension service and location variables. The results confirm the adoption theory.
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Farsad, Nariman, Will Chuang, Andrea Goldsmith, et al. "Capacities and Optimal Input Distributions for Particle-Intensity Channels." IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological and Multi-Scale Communications 6, no. 3 (2020): 220–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmbmc.2020.3035371.

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Peeters, Thijs, and Wolfgang Sofka. "Knowledge Protection and Input Intensity Arising from Open Innovation." Academy of Management Proceedings 2015, no. 1 (2015): 13050. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2015.13050abstract.

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Kaplan, Abram, and John Steinhart. "Spatial dimensions of farm input intensity: A pilot study." Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 45, no. 1 (1990): 128–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224561.1990.12456448.

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Irvine, D. R. F., V. N. Park, and L. McCormick. "Mechanisms Underlying the Sensitivity of Neurons in the Lateral Superior Olive to Interaural Intensity Differences." Journal of Neurophysiology 86, no. 6 (2001): 2647–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.86.6.2647.

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The initial processing of interaural intensity differences (IIDs), the major cue to the azimuthal location of high-frequency sounds in mammals, is carried out by neurons in the lateral superior olivary nucleus (LSO) that receive excitatory input from the ipsilateral ear and inhibitory input from the contralateral ear (IE neurons). The “latency” hypothesis asserts that it is the effects of intensity differences on the latency, and hence the relative timing, of the synaptic inputs to these neurons that is the basis of their sensitivity to IIDs, while other models assign the major role to changes
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Input intensity"

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Zbranek, Jaroslav. "Konstrukce a využití časových input-output tabulek v kontextu dynamizovaného input-output modelu." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-191805.

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The aim of the dissertation thesis is to develop a methodology of the compilation of symmetric Time Input-Output tables under the conditions of the Czech Republic. The following aim is to create an input-output model which is based on the compiled symmetric Time Input-Output tables. For the practical applications of this model it is crucial to link the created Input-Output model with the Semi-Dynamic Input-Output model. Semi-Dynamic Input-Output model in the conception of the submitted dissertation thesis takes into account several multiplier effects and presents more comprehensive tool for th
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Li, Longguang. "On the capacity of free-space optical intensity channels." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLT028/document.

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Les systèmes de communication à intensité optique en espace libre (FSOI) sont largement utilisés dans les communications à courte portée, telles que les communications infrarouges entre des dispositifs électroniques portables. L’émetteur de ces systèmes module sur l’intensité des signaux optiques émis par des diodes électroluminescentes (LEDs) ou des diodes laser (LDs), et le récepteur mesure les intensités optiques entrantes au moyen de photodétecteurs. Les entrées ne sont pas négatives car elles représentent des intensités. En outre, ils sont généralement soumis à des contraintes de puissanc
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Wang, Ying. "Evaluation of intensive multiple cropping and its control in the southeast coastal area of Lake Dianchi, Yunnan Province, China." Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/195982.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)<br>0048<br>新制・課程博士<br>博士(農学)<br>甲第18696号<br>農博第2093号<br>新制||農||1029(附属図書館)<br>学位論文||H27||N4890(農学部図書室)<br>31629<br>京都大学大学院農学研究科農学専攻<br>(主査)教授 稲村 達也, 教授 白岩 立彦, 教授 廣岡 博之<br>学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Li, Longguang. "On the capacity of free-space optical intensity channels." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLT028.

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Les systèmes de communication à intensité optique en espace libre (FSOI) sont largement utilisés dans les communications à courte portée, telles que les communications infrarouges entre des dispositifs électroniques portables. L’émetteur de ces systèmes module sur l’intensité des signaux optiques émis par des diodes électroluminescentes (LEDs) ou des diodes laser (LDs), et le récepteur mesure les intensités optiques entrantes au moyen de photodétecteurs. Les entrées ne sont pas négatives car elles représentent des intensités. En outre, ils sont généralement soumis à des contraintes de puissanc
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Mashingaidze, Nester. "Weed dynamics in low-input dryland smallholder conservation agriculture systems in semi-arid Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24412.

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The reported requirement for a higher weeding effort due to increased weed infestations under conservation agriculture (CA) relative to conventional mouldboard plough tillage is perceived by both smallholder farmers and extension workers as the main limiting factor to the widespread adoption of CA by smallholder farmers in southern Africa. However, proponents of CA argue that weeds are only a problem under CA in the initial two years and decline afterwards resulting in reduced labour requirements for weeding under CA. They further posit that weeds are only major problem where minimum tillage (
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Chung, Whan-Sam. "Structural Analysis of Socio-Technical Impacts on Energy Use and Related Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Korea Based on Energy Input-Output Tables." Kyoto University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/185184.

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Ridley, Saxon Alan. "Intensive therapy : measurements of input and outcome." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261722.

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Orlowski, John M. "Evaluation of input-intensive soybean management systems and the effect of lactofen application on soybean physiology." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/66.

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In an effort to maximize yields, many soybean growers have begun moving to intensive, input-based soybean management systems. However, limited reliable information exists about the effect of these inputs on soybean yield. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of individual inputs and combinations of inputs as part of high-yield management systems on soybean seed yield and to determine the effect of one of these inputs, lactofen, on soybean physiology. Small plot studies were established in nine states across the Midwest. A number of commercially available soybean inputs were eva
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Jäck, Ortrud [Verfasser], and Roland [Akademischer Betreuer] Gerhards. "Integrated weed management in intensive cropping systems : towards reduction of herbicide input / Ortrud Jäck. Betreuer: Roland Gerhards." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2016. http://d-nb.info/110718116X/34.

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Githii, Michael Wainaina. "Information intensive service operations : links between service concept, customer inputs and service process design." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7433/.

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The study looks at relationships between service \(concept\), customer \(inputs\) and \(service\) process design (CI&P constructs) in information intensive service (IIS) systems from a service process execution viewpoint. A review of service operations literature hints to several researchable gaps. First, although service design and development has been studied at process level, how the CI&P constructs relate and explain each other and implications therein to operations and operational management decisions is not clear. Extant literature provides unstructured and incomplete picture of these re
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Books on the topic "Input intensity"

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Paul, Mahua. Import intensity and its impact on exports, output and employment. Institute for Studies in Industrial Development, 2014.

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Davis, Lester A. Technology intensity of U.S., Canadian, and Japanese manufactures output and exports. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, International Trade Administration, Trade Information and Analysis, Office of Trade and Investment Analysis, 1988.

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Brezany, Peter. Input/Output Intensive Massively Parallel Computing. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-62840-1.

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Universitas Gajah Mada. Fakultas Kehutanan., ed. Strategi peningkatan produktivitas gmelina arborea, jenis tanaman andalan untuk HTI berdaur pendek secara lestari melalui long term breeding dan penerapan silvikultur intensif bermasukan rendah (low input): Laporan akhir penelitian riset unggulan kemitraan (RUK) IV. Dewan Riset Nasional, Kantor Menteri Negara Riset & Teknologi, Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi, 1999.

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Burton, Derek, and Margaret Burton. Perception and sensation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785552.003.0012.

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Major features of tetrapod sensory structures are well developed in fish which also have lateral lines, and some have electroreceptors and possibly magnetoreceptors. Receptors may be categorized according to the type of stimulus to which they respond: photoreceptors, chemoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, temperature receptors and nociceptors. Adaptations to aquatic habitats are described for examples from each category. Each type of receptor has the capacity to transduce (transform) its specific sensory stimulus into receptor potentials which initiate or modulate activity in sensory neurons to the
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Wambugu, Stephen K., Joseph T. Karugia, and Willis Oluoch-Kosura. Technology Use, Gender, and Impact of Non-Farm Income on Agricultural Investment: An Empirical Analysis of Maize Production in Two Regions of Kenya. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799283.003.0010.

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This chapter examines maize productivity, technology use in maize, and the impact of non-farm income (NFI) on agricultural investment in Kenya, giving them a gender dimension. The study first concludes that there are no significant differences in maize yields between male-managed farms and female-managed farms (FMFs) in the study areas, Nyeri and Kakamega. Second, technology use for maize production was lower and significant in some instances for FMFs. Significant differences, especially in the use of hybrid seeds and tractor ploughs, were noted. A third conclusion is that NFI is not used in f
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Quinn, Tom, and Eva Swahn. The intensive cardiac care unit team. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0011.

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Effective, safe health care is a multidisciplinary undertaking. From its inception, half a century ago, the concept of intensive coronary (now cardiac) care has drawn on the expertise of a range of professionals, particularly physicians working closely with nurses. As the evidence base for some aspects of the intensive cardiac care unit care has developed, the intensive cardiac care unit, in some instances, has striking similarities to the general intensive care unit, while paradoxically traditional intensive cardiac care unit functions have been devolved to other parts of the health care syst
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Quinn, Tom, and Eva Swahn. The intensive cardiac care unit team. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0011_update_001.

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Effective, safe health care is a multidisciplinary undertaking. From its inception, half a century ago, the concept of intensive coronary (now cardiac) care has drawn on the expertise of a range of professionals, particularly physicians working closely with nurses. As the evidence base for some aspects of the intensive cardiac care unit care has developed, the intensive cardiac care unit, in some instances, has striking similarities to the general intensive care unit, while paradoxically traditional intensive cardiac care unit functions have been devolved to other parts of the health care syst
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Input/Output Intensive Massively Parallel Computing: Language Support, Automatic Parallelization, Advanced Optimization, and Runtime Systems (Lecture Notes in Computer Science). Springer, 1997.

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Nimmo, Graham, and Ben Shippey. Clinical skills in critical care. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0013.

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This chapter provides a framework for the learning and teaching of both technical and non-technical skills. There is a deliberate weighting towards decision-making and behavioural skills because of their prevalence in practice, the importance of delivering them reliably, and the need to increase their profile in our wards, classrooms, skills centres, and curricula. The practice of clinical intensive care requires the application of a huge range of clinical skills each of which has its own knowledge base and where each necessitates the acquisition of a technique. It is necessary to consider the
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Book chapters on the topic "Input intensity"

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Tian, Wei, and Miaojie Yu. "Processing Trade, Export Intensity, and Input Trade Liberalization: Evidence from Chinese Firms." In Input Trade Liberalization in China. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7599-0_4.

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Poulsen, Esben S., Hans J. Andersen, Rikke Gade, Ole B. Jensen, and Thomas B. Moeslund. "Using Human Motion Intensity as Input for Urban Design." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31479-7_20.

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Kim, Jinuk, Jihye Kwon, Subin Im, Seongyoon Lee, and Jaehyo Kim. "Development of Bio-Signal Based Continuous Intensity Wearable Input Device." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8798-7_72.

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Ayabakan, Arif Hüseyin, Ahmet Furkan Uğur, and Ahmet Anıl Dindar. "Quantification of Ground Motion Intensity Using 3-Dimensional Input Energy Spectrum." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-97129-7_9.

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Majumdar, Kaushik, Robert M. Norton, T. Scott Murrell, et al. "Assessing Potassium Mass Balances in Different Countries and Scales." In Improving Potassium Recommendations for Agricultural Crops. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59197-7_11.

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AbstractEstimating nutrient mass balances using information on nutrient additions and removals generates useful, practical information on the nutrient status of a soil or area. A negative input–output balance of nutrients in the soil results when the crop nutrient removal and nutrient losses to other sinks become higher than the nutrient inputs into the system. Potassium (K) input–output balance varies among regions that have different climates, soil types, cropping systems, and cropping intensity. This chapter illustrates the farm-gate K balances in major production areas of the world and the
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Haouzi, Philippe, Bruno Chenuel, and Bernard Chalon. "Frequency Response of the Input Reaching the Respiratory Centres During Moderate Intensity Exercise." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-27023-x_43.

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Tsitsiashvili, Gurami. "Statistical Evaluation of Input Flow Intensity in the Presence of an Interfering Parameter." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-65385-8_13.

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Takahashi, Satomi. "Chapter 8. Task motivation effects on L2 pragmatics." In Language Learning & Language Teaching. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lllt.58.08tak.

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Noticing target pragmatic features in the input does not necessarily lead to learning, as evidenced by Takahashi (2013, 2015). By focusing on aware learners, this study explored the extent to which Japanese English language learners’ task motivation affects their awareness of English bi-clausal request forms in implicit intervention and their subsequent learning outcomes. Data from the awareness tasks and learning assessment measures were analysed in the framework of provision (noticing + learning) versus non-provision (noticing only) learners. The results indicated that the target forms were
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Wirz-Justice, Anna. "How Daylight Controls the Biological Clock, Organises Sleep, and Enhances Mood and Performance." In High-Quality Outdoor Learning. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04108-2_10.

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AbstractThe human circadian system drives 24-h rhythms in all aspects of biochemistry, physiology and behaviour. This rhythmicity ensures that the right function occurs at the right time, and separates incompatible functions. Rhythmic synchronisation is key to overall health and wellbeing, and light input from the day-night cycle is the primary ‘zeitgeber’ or entraining agent. Coordination of internal clocks promotes positive mood, optimum alertness and performance, and ensures sleep quality essential for learning and memory. Indoor light intensity is rarely sufficient to stabilise daily entra
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Tóth, Miroslav. "Slovenské poľnohospodárstvo v kontexte trvalo udržateľnej spotreby a výroby." In Socio-economic Determinants of Sustainble Consumption and Production II. Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8640-2021-16.

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Sustainability and sustainable development have begun to take on significance, particularly in the context of the recognition that any uncontrolled growth (in population, production, consumption, pollution, etc.) is unsustainable in an environment of limited resources. Related to this is the concept of sustainable consumption and production. Agriculture is a sector of the national economy in which there is a significant consumption of natural resources, energy, water, land use, plant cultivation, animal husbandry and, of course, the involvement of the human factor. It is this sector that is se
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Conference papers on the topic "Input intensity"

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Bratka, Valda, and Arturs Praulins. "CROP PROTECTION COSTS AND FARMING INTENSITY IN LATVIA." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/5.1/s21.57.

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Nowadays, sustainability has become the core concept affecting the public perception of economic development and natural resource management all over the world. Although intensification of agricultural practices is typically viewed as a way to achieving and retaining food independence at national and supra-national levels, there are concerns about its potential negative impact on biological diversity, natural habitats, healthy ecosystem and resilience to climate change. As a result, intensive farming might be regarded as unsustainable, damaging and environmentally unfriendly mode of agricultur
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Li, Yuhang, Jingxi Li, Tianyi Gan, Che-Yung Shen, Mona Jarrahi, and Aydogan Ozcan. "All-Optical Complex Field Imager." In Frontiers in Optics. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1364/fio.2024.ftu6b.4.

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We present a diffractive complex field imager that uses an intensity-based optoelectronic sensor array to directly capture both the amplitude and phase images of input fields in a snapshot without digital processing.
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Shen, Che-Yung, Jingxi Li, Tianyi Gan, et al. "Wavelength-multiplexed Multiplane Quantitative Phase Imaging Using Diffractive Visual Processing." In Frontiers in Optics. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1364/fio.2024.fw6d.4.

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We present a wavelength-multiplexed diffractive optical processor that can transform the phase profiles of input objects at multiple axial depths into intensity variations at different wavelengths, enabling rapid multiplane quantitative phase imaging (QPI).
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Bender, Nicholas, Henry Haig, Demetrios N. Christodoulides, and Frank Wise. "Spectral Speckle Customization." In CLEO: Science and Innovations. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2024.sm4l.3.

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We present an experimental technique for customizing the spatio-spectral speckled intensity statistics of ultra-short optical pulses at the output of a a disordered multimode fiber by controlling the spatial profile of the input light.
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Fiamegkou, Theodora, and Theodoros Dounas. "Bioluminescent Pavilion: Temporary Architecture Provides Lighting." In Design Computation Input/Output 2021. Design Computation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47330/dcio.2021.jtct3860.

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The present study will evolve around the design of a pavilion located at key points in the Aberdeen city. The structure will provide low intensity lighting using bioluminescent organisms on its inner and outer surface. For the creation of the design, computational design techniques will be employed, based on mesh sphere geometries, honeycomb patterns and organic forms of root system. By defining parameters and relations, we can design in a flexible environment that allows us to test several form options in a fraction of time compared to the traditional design approach.
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Aleshkevich, Victor A., Vladimir Y. Ivanov, Nikita G. Irochnikov, and Svetlana L. Lachinova. "Dynamics of nonlinear optical feedback system with noised input intensity." In ALT '97 International Conference on Laser Surface Processing, edited by Vladimir I. Pustovoy. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.308653.

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Schnell, Bastian, and Philip N. Garner. "Improving Emotional TTS with an Emotion Intensity Input from Unsupervised Extraction." In 11th ISCA Speech Synthesis Workshop (SSW 11). ISCA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/ssw.2021-11.

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Gao, Jin Yue, and Lorenzo M. Narducci. "Dynamic behavior of a bistable system with modulated input." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.mt4.

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We studied the dynamic behavior of a hybrid bistable system with a delay in the feedback loop when the input intensity undergoes a simple sinusoidal modulation. We found that when a small modulated input is applied to a stable steady state, the output intensity oscillates with the modulation frequency ω, the amplitude of the oscillating output has a resonant structure as a function of ω, and the maximum response develops when the driving frequency coincides with the imaginary part of the linearized eigenvalue that has the largest real part. When the parameters of the system correspond to an un
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Wang, Z., A. M. Weiner, and K. J. Webb. "Multiple input and random medium information retrieval from second order intensity correlations." In 2007 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/qels.2007.4431746.

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Lin, Shing-Hong. "An Optical Intensity and Polarization Coded Ternary Number System." In Spatial Light Modulators and Applications. Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/slma.1988.the1.

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The lack of practical multiple-valued logic devices has in the past discouraged extensive investigation into multiple-valued logic. Recently, however, a number of optical processors have been presented to perform either multiple-valued logic functions[1,2], modified signed-digit arithmetic[3], or residue arithmetic[4]. Most of these implementations utilize position coding for the representation of residue numbers or multiple-valued numbers. For example, 9 pixels are needed to represent the combinations of two ternary inputs, and only one of the pixels will be turned ON at a time. As a result,
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Reports on the topic "Input intensity"

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Naspolini, Giovanna, Jesse Madden Libra, Santiago Cunial, and María Pérez Urdiales. Direct Water Requirement Patterns in Brazil, Colombia and Costa Rica: A Structural Decomposition Analysis. Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013153.

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Water is not only vital for human life but also is a critical economic input. Climate change will likely exacerbate conflicts over the multiple uses of water in Latin America. Adopting a south-south perspective approach, this study compares direct water requirement patterns over time among Brazil, Colombia, and Costa Rica, applying an environmental-extended Structural Decomposition Analysis between 2013 and 2017. While all countries experienced increased water consumption during the period, Brazils and Colombias results suggest gains in water productivity at the national level and for Agricult
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Maffioli, Alessandro, and Bronwyn H. Hall. Evaluating the Impact of Technology Development Funds in Emerging Economies: Evidence from Latin-America. Inter-American Development Bank, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011145.

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This working paper surveys impact evaluations of government Technology Development Funds (TDFs) in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Panama. All the evaluations were done at the recipient (firm) level using data from innovation surveys, industrial surveys, and administrative records of the granting units, together with quasi-experimental econometric techniques to minimize the effects of any selection bias. The surveyed evaluations considered four levels of potential impact: R&amp;D input additionality, behavioural additionality, increases in innovative output, and improvements in performance. The e
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Ramada, Magdalena, and Adriana Cassoni. Innovation, R&D Investment and Productivity: Uruguayan Manufacturing Firms. Inter-American Development Bank, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010991.

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Uruguays inability to sustain high levels of economic growth cannot be fully explained by external shocks, the prevailing institutional setting or the level of human capital accumulation. Instead, low investment in knowledge capital stands as a most likely explanation. This hypothesis is supported by empirical evidence analyzed in this study. Returns on innovation were found to be significant, promoting a non-negligible acceleration of labor productivity gains. However, the propensity to innovate and the intensity of the effort expended critically depend on the firms already having a high inte
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Cosbey, Aaron, and Adrien Vogt-Schilb. Climate-Related Trade Measures: Assessing Impacts for Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005062.

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There is a growing wave of concern for the embodied carbon in traded goods. One manifestation of that concern is large economies such as the USA and the European Union enacting climate-related trade measures, including border carbon adjustment. This paper reviews more than ten climate-related trade measures that are currently enacted or under discussion globally and five initiatives from large companies to source low-carbon inputs. It then assesses Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Perus vulnerability to trade restrictions, based on estimated greenhouse gas intensity of their exported goods (usi
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Zahler, Andrés, Roberto Alvarez, and Claudio Bravo Ortega. Innovation and Productivity in Services: Evidence from Chile. Inter-American Development Bank, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006945.

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This paper analyzes empirically the relationship between innovation and productivity in the Chilean services sector. Consistent with recent evidence on developed countries, we find that services firms are as innovative as firms in the manufacturing industry. In the basic model, we also find that both industries have similar determinants of the investment in innovation and the probability of introducing innovations (products or process), such as size and export status. In several extensions we find similar roles for technological and non-technological innovation in labor productivity and for de
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BARKHATOV, NIKOLAY, and SERGEY REVUNOV. A software-computational neural network tool for predicting the electromagnetic state of the polar magnetosphere, taking into account the process that simulates its slow loading by the kinetic energy of the solar wind. SIB-Expertise, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0519.07122021.

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The auroral activity indices AU, AL, AE, introduced into geophysics at the beginning of the space era, although they have certain drawbacks, are still widely used to monitor geomagnetic activity at high latitudes. The AU index reflects the intensity of the eastern electric jet, while the AL index is determined by the intensity of the western electric jet. There are many regression relationships linking the indices of magnetic activity with a wide range of phenomena observed in the Earth's magnetosphere and atmosphere. These relationships determine the importance of monitoring and predicting ge
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Kottke, Albert, Norman Abrahamson, David Boore, et al. Selection of Random Vibration Procedures for the NGA-East Project. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/ltmu9309.

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Pseudo-spectral acceleration (PSA) is the most commonly used intensity measure in earthquake engineering as it serves as a simple approximate predictor of structural response for many types of systems. Therefore, most ground-motion models (GMMs, aka GMPEs) provide median and standard deviation PSA using a suite of input parameters characterizing the source, path, and site effects. Unfortunately, PSA is a complex metric: the PSA for a single oscillator frequency depends on the Fourier amplitudes across a range of frequencies. The Fourier amplitude spectrum (FAS) is an appealing alternative beca
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Semiga, Vlad. PR-214-174517-WEB Sleeve End Fillet Weld Stress Intensity Factor Solutions. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011612.

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Presented Thursday, September 5, 2019 PRESENTER: Vlad Semiga HOST: Rober Lazor, TC Energy MODERATOR: Thomas Marlow, PRCI Expected Benefits/Learning Outcomes: - Attendees will be given an overview of the sleeve end fillet weld stress intensity factors (SIFs) software, which provides a simplified means of estimating the SIFs for a single scenario or for an unlimited number of scenarios defined using a standard batch file format; - the presentation will also include the results of a sensitivity study illustrating the general trends in terms of the SIFs versus the range of inputs used to define an
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Hooke, William, Paul Higgins, and Keith Seitter. AMS Community Synthesis on Climate Change Solutions. American Meteorological Society, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1175/community-synthesis-climate-solutions-2021.

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After decades of intensive scientific research, a great deal is understood about the climate system and the impact people are having on it. Scientific evidence relating to climate change spans dozens of fields of study and includes work from tens of thousands of individual scientists. The evidence has been rigorously assessed and independently corroborated hundreds of times. Many climate change solutions are already well understood, fully developed, and available for implementation. Nevertheless, humanity has been largely ineffective in addressing climate change. This AMS Policy Program study
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Bet, Germán, Julian P. Cristia, and Pablo Ibarrarán. The Effects of Shared School Technology Access on Students' Digital Skills in Peru. Inter-American Development Bank, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011530.

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This paper analyzes the effects of increased shared computer access in secondary schools in Peru. Administrative data are used to identify, through propensity-score matching, two groups of schools with similar observable educational inputs but different intensity in computer access. Extensive primary data collected from the 202 matched schools are used to determine whether increased shared computer access at schools affects digital skills and academic achievement. Results suggest that small increases in shared computer access, one more computer per 40 students, can produce large increases in d
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