Relevant bibliographies by topics / Instrumentation and Detectors

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Instrumentation and Detectors'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Instrumentation and Detectors"

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Ehrlich, Y., I. Levy, and M. Fraenkel. "Calibration of image plate and back illuminated charge coupled device detectors at the thermal emission band of high Z target laser produced plasmas (80–800 eV)." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 8 (2022): 083510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0098781.

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We present a systematic method to absolutely calibrate detector efficiency vs photon energy using a laser produced plasma broadband x-ray source, a gold standard calibrated detector, and transmission gratings (TGs) as dispersive elements. Calibration uses one calibrated TG and a calibrated gold standard detector on one channel and a second calibrated TG and a detector to be calibrated on the other channel. Both channels simultaneously view the laser-produced plasma x-ray source from the same angle with respect to the laser beam and the planar target normal. Image plate detectors are calibrated for the first time at photon energies below 700 eV. Single shot simultaneous calibration of several detectors is possible, making this method an efficient and practical way to periodically calibrate detectors, using in-house capabilities of laser laboratories.
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Smith, Paul, John Gannon, and Frank Eggert. "New Technologies for Microanalysis and Element Imaging in THJ Scanning Electron Microscope." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (2001): 884–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192760003049x.

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RÖNTEC’s UHV Dewar detectors have established new standards for high resolution, lowmaintenance, low operating cost, and reliability in Si(Li) X-ray detectors. Now, the recently introduced XFlash® series X-ray detectors are enabling new methodologies for microanalysis and element imaging in the SEM. These detectors are compact, liquid-nitrogen-free semiconductor Xray detectors that are based on Silicon Drift Diode (SDD) technology. XFlash detectors produce extraordinarily high count rates with excellent energy resolution and have introduced ultra-fast microanalysis and element mapping to the SEM world. The addition of color to SEM images enables easy visualization of element distributions and allows the microstructural features and compositional variations of different materials to be more readily identified. Persons unfamiliar with electron microscopy can more readily interpret color images than black and white or gray scale images. This new technology has great potential to revolutionize electron microscopy.RÖNTEC’s UHV Dewar Detector offers the highest long-term stability and best energy resolution ever specified for a commercial Si(Li) detector (less than 129 eV). The UHV design leads to small size and weight (for reduced column loading) along with extremely low nitrogen consumption and low susceptibility to microphonics. The UHV detector never ices up and thus never requires defrosting or warm-ups. It is available with a variety of entrance windows for light element analysis.
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Zhang, C., G. Wu, Z. Li, et al. "The response of an Al-10B4C coupled neutron detector based on PIPS technology to Cf-252." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 11 (2023): P11005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/11/p11005.

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Abstract After decades of discussions, it has been firmly established that detectors made of silicon-based semiconductor materials can be effectively used for neutron detection by simply coating them with suitable substances. The incident thermal neutrons interact with the coating neutron-sensitive materials such as 10B and 6LiF, resulting in the production of secondary charged particles which can be effectively detected in the sequencial silicon substrate. In this article, the detector system was designed with a coupled neutron detector structure which combined a silicon detector with a 10B4C film in various forms. The 10B4C layer was deposited on the substract with electron beam evaporation method. Two kinds of structrue were discussed: (1) one was the direct contact neutron detector by depositing 10B4C directly onto the front surface of silicon-based detectors; (2) the other was the coupled neutron detectors by depositing 10B4C onto substrates made from different materials such as Al and glass which then coupled with silicon-based detectors. The responses of these neutron detectors to neutrons (Cf-252) were measured individually. It's showen that the detection capability of direct contact neutron detectors was lower than the coupled neutron detectors. For the coupled detectors, the detector by depositing 10B4C on the aluminum substrate was found to be superior than that by depositing 10B4C on the glass substrate.
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Meleshenkovskii, I., A. Borella, K. Van der Meer, et al. "Instrumentation effects on U and Pu CBNM standards spectra quality measured on a 500 mm3 CdZnTe and a 2×2 inch LaBr3 detectors." EPJ Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 07007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817007007.

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Nowadays, there is interest in developing gamma-ray measuring devices based on the room temperature operated medium resolution detectors such as semiconductor detectors of the CdZnTe type and scintillators of the LaBr3 type. This is true also for safeguards applications and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has launched a project devoted to the assessment of medium resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy for the verification of the isotopic composition of U and Pu bearing samples. This project is carried out within the Non-Destructive Assay Working Group of the European Safeguards Research and Development Association (ESARDA). In this study we analyze medium resolution spectra of U and Pu standards with the aim to develop an isotopic composition determination algorithm, particularly suited for these types of detectors. We show how the peak shape of a CdZnTe detector is influenced by the instrumentation parameters. The experimental setup consisted of a 500 mm3 CdZnTe detector, a 2×2 inch LaBr3 detector, two types of measurement instrumentation – an analogue one and a digital one, and a set of certified samples – a 207Bi point source and U and Pu CBNM standards. The results of our measurements indicate that the lowest contribution to the peak asymmetry and thus the smallest impact on the resolution of the 500 mm3 CdZnTe detector was achieved with the digital MCA. Analysis of acquired spectra allowed to reject poor quality measurement runs and produce summed spectra files with the least impact of instrumentation instabilities. This work is preliminary to further studies concerning the development of an isotopic composition determination algorithm particularly suited for CZT and LaBr3 detectors for safeguards applications.
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Ulbricht, Gerhard, Mario De Lucia, and Eoin Baldwin. "Applications for Microwave Kinetic Induction Detectors in Advanced Instrumentation." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (2021): 2671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062671.

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In recent years Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) have emerged as one of the most promising novel low temperature detector technologies. Their unrivaled scalability makes them very attractive for many modern applications and scientific instruments. In this paper we intend to give an overview of how and where MKIDs are currently being used or are suggested to be used in the future. MKID based projects are ongoing or proposed for observational astronomy, particle physics, material science and THz imaging, and the goal of this review is to provide an easily usable and thorough list of possible starting points for more in-depth literature research on the many areas profiting from kinetic inductance detectors.
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Bilhorn, R. B., P. M. Epperson, J. V. Sweedler, and M. B. Denton. "Spectrochemical Measurements with Multichannel Integrating Detectors." Applied Spectroscopy 41, no. 7 (1987): 1125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702874447518.

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This is the second article in a two-part series describing the operation, performance characteristics, and spectroscopic application of charge transfer devices (CTDs) in analytical chemistry. The first article in the series describes the new generation of integrating multichannel detectors, the charge injection device (CID), and the charge-coupled device (CCD). The first article also discusses the spectroscopically pertinent characteristics of these detectors and presents performance data for representative devices. This article covers three major topics related to the optimum use of integrating detectors in analytical spectroscopy. The advantages of employing integrating multichannel detectors in analytical spectroscopy, rather than a single detector in a wavelength scanning system or an interferometer, are discussed. Included are detector read noise considerations which have not been considered in previous performance comparisons. When one is employing an integrating detector in luminescence, absorption, and emission applications, achievable sensitivity is dependent on differing detector parameters. In the first case, quantum efficiency and read noise are of the greatest importance, whereas in the later two cases, dynamic range is most significant. The calculation of minimum detectable analyte signal for these three techniques illustrates the differences between integrating detectors and detectors which produce a photocurrent. This discussion also illustrates the great sensitivity that can be achieved with a modern CTD detector. Factors pertaining to the optical design of spectrometers which efficiently use CTDs are presented, along with examples of linear and two-dimensional dispersive polychromators employing CTDs. Low-light-level imaging and a nonconventional method of using a CCD for rapid scanning spectrophotometry are also discussed.
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Abramowicz, H., A. Abusleme, K. Afanaciev, et al. "Forward instrumentation for ILC detectors." Journal of Instrumentation 5, no. 12 (2010): P12002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/5/12/p12002.

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Patt, B. E., J. S. Iwanczyk, and C. R. Tull. "Characterization of Large-Area Silicon Drift Detectors at High Count Rates." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (2000): 728–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600036138.

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Silicon Drift Detectors (SDD) are being developed for analytical x-ray spectrometry having large active area, high-energy resolution and capability of operating at high counting rates. The development derives from the charged coupled device (CCD) for light-signal imaging, utilizing the extremely low capacitance of the detector and readout electronics and subsequent developments of silicon drift detectors for high-energy physics applications and more recently, x-ray spectroscopy applications. The now well-known advantage of the drift detector design is that, unlike traditional planar detectors, it allows for relatively large active area while still maintaining a very low anode capacitance (60 fF). This low value of detector capacitance results in a lowering of the series-noise component and hence the overall inherent electronic noise. Additionally, the reduction of the series noise leads to faster optimal shaping time, and as a consequence this provides for extremely high count rates.
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Hou, Qingfeng, Tianning Wang, Rui Zhao, et al. "Fast time response detectors of alpha particles fabricated using CVD diamonds." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 06 (2023): T06012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/06/t06012.

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Abstract Diamond with extraordinary properties, such as fast response, and extremely high thermal conductivity, is an ideal choice for the next generation radiation detectors. In this paper, a radiation detector based on a single crystal CVD diamond (3 mm × 3 mm × 200 μm) with (100) orientation is proposed to detect α radiation. The detector employs gold films on the diamond as an electrical contact, and the origin-symmetric current-voltage characteristics demonstrated excellent Ohmic contact behavior. At an electric field of 0.4 V/μm, a current dark value of 4 nA was measured. The detector's pulse speed was tested using 5.486 MeV 241Am sources. The time response of the detector to α particles is fast, with a rise time of 260 ps, a fall time of 650 ps, and a pulse width of 1.6 ns. These findings indicate that the detector can be used as a sensor for α radiation.
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Kim, Sungjoon, Vikas Berry, Jessica Metcalfe, and Anirudha V. Sumant. "Thin film charged particle detectors." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 07 (2023): P07047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/07/p07047.

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Abstract Silicon tracking detectors have grown to cover larger surface areas up to hundreds of square meters, and are even taking over other sub-detectors, such as calorimeters. However, further improvements in tracking detector performance are more likely to arise from the ability to make a low mass detector comprised of a high ratio of active sensor to inactive materials, where dead materials include electrical services, cooling, mechanical supports, etc. In addition, the cost and time to build these detectors is currently large. Therefore, advancements in the fundamental technology of tracking detectors may need to look at a more transformative approach that enables extremely large area coverage with minimal dead material and is easier and faster to build. The advancement of thin film fabrication techniques has the potential to revolutionize the next-to-next generation of particle detector experiments. Some thin film deposition techniques have already been developed and widely used in the industry to make LED screens for TVs and monitors. If large area thin film detectors on the order of several square meters can be fabricated with similar performance as current silicon technologies, they could be used in future particle physics experiments. This paper aims to review the key fundamental performance criteria of existing silicon detectors and past research to use thin films and other semi-conductor materials as particle detectors in order to explore the important considerations and challenges to pursue thin film detectors.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Instrumentation and Detectors"

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Li, Xiaobei. "Instrumentation and inverse problem solving for impedance imaging /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5973.

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Angathevar, Veluchamy Raaja Raajan. "Chemical sensors and instrumentation powered by microbial fuel cells." Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/angathevarveluchamy/AngathevarVeluchamyR1207.pdf.

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Dinu, N. "Instrumentation on silicon detectors: from properties characterization to applications." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00872318.

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L'utilisation optimale, dans des applications spécifiques, des Détecteurs Silicium nécessite une connaissance approfondie des phénomènes physiques sous-jacents. Dans ce mémoire, cette idée conductrice est appliquée à deux types de détecteurs : (1) les SiPM et leurs applications en imagerie médicale (2) les détecteurs à pixels planaires (PPS) et leurs applications dans la mise-à-jour du détecteur interne d'ATLAS pour le LHC à haute luminosité. Mon travail personnel sur les SiPM a débuté il y a environ 10 ans. Ainsi la partie (A) de mon HDR rappelle tout d'abord le principe physique de la photodiode à avalanche en mode Geiger (GM-APD), qui constitue la cellule élémentaire d'un SiPM. Puis le fonctionnement du SiPM est développé, avec ses principales caractéristiques physiques, ainsi que les montages expérimentaux mis en œuvre et les mesures de ces paramètres sur les productions des principaux fabricants. La dépendance en température des paramètres des SiPM constitue un inconvénient majeur dans certaines applications, aussi mon travail personnel montre comment on peut en grande partie s'affranchir de cette dépendance, en contrôlant certains paramètres de fonctionnement. Les détecteurs à SiPM présentent des avantages très intéressants au plan électrique, optique, mécanique, etc ..., permettant des applications multiples dans des domaines où une grande surface de détection est requise. Ainsi, les matrices de SiPM sont des composants très attractifs pour des applications d'imagerie médicale. Mon travail dans deux applications de ce type est détaillé : PET à haute résolution pour des petits animaux, et détecteur de radiation portatif pour l'aide à la localisation in situ de tumeurs solides. En parallèle à l'activité SiPM, j'ai été impliquée ces dernières années dans la conception et la caractérisation de nouveaux détecteurs à pixel planaires pour "l'upgrade" de l'expérience ATLAS. La partie (B) de mon HDR expose ainsi les méthodes expérimentales, comme "Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS)" et "Spreading Resistance Profiling" (SRP), utilisées pour la mesure de profils de dopage pour le détecteurs PPS. Je démontre ainsi l'importance de ces mesures pour le contrôle du process de fabrication, et la calibration des simulations TCAD (Technology-Computed Aided Design). Les résultats des simulations prévoyant le comportement des nouveaux détecteurs planaires proposés, avec des caractéristiques géométriques et une résistance aux radiations améliorées, sont présentés.
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Costa, Miguel António Felizardo da. "Advanced instrumentation for superheated liquid detectors in dark matter searches." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8863.

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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Engenharia Física<br>The initial goal of the thesis work was to improve the performance of the instrumentation used in the SIMPLE dark matter search. Consequently, the ultimate objective is to find a possible candidate for Dark Matter or improve the knowledge of its nature. Upon a brief description of Dark Matter and the status of its search, the fundamentals of Superheated Liquid Detectors are presented. This thesis presents a robust acoustic instrumentation together with a new method for the identification of bubble nucleations in Superheated Droplet Detectors. This is accomplished through straightforward signal processing techniques applied to the acoustical recording of the nucleation events, which consists of pulse shape identification procedures. A set of tests are presented to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms, as well as the new and more reliable instrumentation. An effort to locate a bubble nucleation in the SDDs is accomplished through some elaborated signal processing techniques applied to the acoustical recording of the nucleation events. These include the application of wavelets, the chirp-z transform and pulse shape identification procedures to locate temporally and validate the nucleation for its spatial localization. Acoustic and SDD associated backgrounds are completely discriminated with the developed signal processing techniques. Results from systematic studies are presented for the instrumentation and SDD response,which are used in the SIMPLE dark matter search experiment and possibly in neutron dosimetry. A new bubble nucleation efficiency is drawn out, together with particle discrimination confirmation determined throughout a-n calibrations. SIMPLE's Phase-II Dark Matter results are presented with the implementation of the complete instrumentation in operation for SDDs. These results are simultaneously presented with the full characterization of the local background scenario and gained knowledge of SDD characteristics and dynamics. Interpretations of these results are laid out. The direct future is given through the R&D of a rejuvenation superheated liquid detector, the Big Droplet Chamber. A prototype of this new Bubble Chamber is shown together with its first results of a more prevailing ultrasound acoustic system. Which can possibly reveal in the near future, unseen aspects such as the bubble formation stage in superheated liquids up to now.<br>Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - (SFRH/BD/46545/2008)
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VALLICELLI, ELIA ARTURO. "Design of Mixed-Signal Electronic Instrumentation for Proton Sound Detectors." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/301978.

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La tecnica acustica di verifica sperimentale del range di protoni (ionoacustica) si basa sul rilevamento del debole segnale termoacustico emesso dalla rapida deposizione di energia che avviene alla fine range del fascio, in corrispondenza del picco di Bragg. In questo contesto, questa tesi presenta le principali caratteristiche della strumentazione microelettronica utilizzata per i Proton Sound Detector introducendo specifiche tecniche di progettazione fortemente orientate sia alla massimizzazione del Rapporto Segnale Rumore SNR (a livello di sensore acustico) che minimizzazione della figura di rumore (a livello di amplificatore analogico). La prima parte di questa tesi tratta delle sfide strumentali relative agli esperimenti ionoacustici fornendo dettagli tecnici specifici riguardanti sia la progettazione del sensore acustico (ovvero come costruire il sensore massimizzando l'SNR) sia il design dell'amplificatore a basso rumore (LNA). Verranno presentati i risultati sperimentali di un primo esperimento effettuato presso il Laboratorio Maier-Leibniz di Garching, Monaco, con un fascio di protoni a 20 MeV (scenario preclinico) e verrà mostrato come una progettazione elettronica dedicata a segnali misti permetta di migliorare significativamente il rapporto segnale-rumore e l'accuratezza della localizzazione del picco di Bragg di 6 dB. In questo contesto, questo primo sviluppo del rivelatore raggiunge due importanti obiettivi: il miglioramento dell'SNR a parità di dose e una forte semplificazione della strumentazione del rivelatore rispetto allo stato dell'arte, consentendo una maggiore precisione della misurazione dell'impulso acustico, e allo stesso tempo incrementando la portabilità e la compattezza del dispositivo. Nelle applicazioni cliniche di adroterapia, l'energia del fascio (da 65 MeV fino a 200 MeV) e la dose vengono scelte in funzione dello specifico scenario clinico. Ciò comporta segnali acustici di ampiezza e larghezza di banda diverse, costringendo l’adozione di soluzioni tecnologiche avanzate in grado di gestire un ampio spettro di segnali in termini di larghezza di banda, ampiezza e rumore. Per questo motivo, la seconda parte di questa tesi propone un modello Matlab efficiente e innovativo del fenomeno fisico ionoacustico, che condensa in un unico sistema lineare tempo invariante tutti i processi di conversione dell'energia coinvolti. Il modello ionoacustico proposto sostituisce i complessi strumenti di simulazione classici (usati per caratterizzare il segnale acustico indotto dal fascio di protoni) e facilita lo sviluppo di rivelatori dedicati fornendo una descrizione precisa del segnale acustico nei diversi scenari. Infine, verrà presentato il progetto di una seconda versione del Proton Sound Detector che introduce il concetto di media nel dominio dello spazio (invece della media nel dominio del tempo, basata sull’elaborazione di più shot del fascio che comporta una significativa extra-dose). Questo rilevatore utilizza un sensore multicanale per eseguire una media spaziale dei segnali acquisiti e aumentare l'SNR di 18 dB a parità di dose rispetto al classico approccio monocanale. Questo approccio tuttavia richiede lo sviluppo di elettronica altamente miniaturizzata che non può essere implementata con componenti standard su circuiti stampati. Viene quindi presentato il progetto e la caratterizzazione di un front-end analogico multicanale implementato su un Application-Specified-Integrated-Circuit (ASIC) in tecnologia CMOS 28 nm che permette di elaborare in parallelo tutti i 64 canali del sensore acustico. Questo High-Resolution Proton Sound Detector (HR-ProSD) è completato da un circuito digitale dedicato implementato su FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) che consente di mappare in tempo reale e 2D la deposizione di dose nello spazio.<br>Acoustic proton range experimental verification technique (iono-acoustics) is based on sensing the weak thermoacoustic signal emitted by the fast energy deposition (and/or the heating process) at the end of the beam range (Bragg Peak). In this context, this thesis presents the main characteristics of the micro-electronics instrumentation used for proton sound detectors introducing specific design techniques strongly oriented to both maximization of the acoustic Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (at the Acoustic Sensor level) and Noise-Figure minimization (at analog amplifier level). The first part of this thesis addresses all the instrumentation challenges related to iono-acoustic experiments providing specific technical details regarding both acoustic sensor design (i.e. how to build the sensor while maximizing the SNR) and the LNA design. The experimental results of a first experiment carried out at Maier-Leibniz Laboratory in Garching, Munich, with a proton beam at 20 MeV (sub-clinical energy) will be presented and it will be shown how a dedicated mixed-signal electronics design allows to significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio and the accuracy of the BP localization by 6 dB. In this context, this first detector development achieves two important objectives: the improvement of the acoustic SNR and a strong simplification of the detector instrumentation w.r.t. state-of-the-art, enabling increasing accuracy of the acoustic pulse measurement, and at the same time the portability and compactness of the device. In clinical hadron-therapy applications, variable beam energy (from 65 MeV up to 200 MeV) and variable doses are used as a function of the selected medical treatment. This induces different acoustic pulses amplitude and bandwidth, forcing advanced technological solutions capable of handling a wide spectrum of signals in terms of bandwidth, amplitude, and noise. For this reason, the second part of this thesis proposes an efficient and innovative Matlab Model of the ionoacoustic physical phenomenon, based on englobing in a single mathematical Linear-Time-Invariant-System all energy conversion processes involved in iono-acoustics. The proposed ionoacoustics model replaces classical and complex simulation tools (used to characterize the proton induced acoustic signal) and facilitates the development of dedicated detectors. Finally, the design of a second version of the Proton Sound Detector will be presented that introduces the concept of space-domain averaging (instead of time-domain averaging based on multiple beam shot processing for noise attenuation and thus extra-doses). This detector uses a multi-channel sensor to perform a spatial average of the acquired signals and increase the SNR by 18 dB at the same dose compared to the classic single channel approach. This approach however requires the development of highly miniaturized electronics that cannot be implemented with off-the-shelf components on Printed Circuit Boards. The design and characterization of a multichannel analog front-end implemented on a CMOS 28 nm Application-Specified-Integrated-Circuit (ASIC) which allows to process the 64 channels of the acoustic sensor in parallel is then presented. This High-Resolution Proton Sound Detector (HR-ProSD) is completed by digital circuits implemented on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) that allow to locate in real time the deposition of energy in space.
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McBrady, Adam Dewey. "Microfabricated chromatographic instrumentation for micro total analysis systems /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8570.

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Dinar, Nesrine. "Development of neutron detectors for use in radiation protection." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS160.

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La première partie de cette étude a consisté à tester les performances de plusieurs détecteurs de neutrons habituellement utilisés pour la radioprotection des accélérateurs de particules à haute énergie. La comparaison a été réalisée à la CERF, un champ unique qui simule le spectre neutronique rencontré à proximité d’accélérateurs à haute énergie et à des altitudes de vols commerciaux. La campagne a permis de comprendre le comportement des différents détecteurs et de quantifier leurs sur/sous- estimations par rapport à la fonction d'équivalent de dose ambiante de référence et de réaliser le benchmark des nouvelles simulations FLUKA réalisée en 2017. La deuxième partie de cette thèse portait sur l’exploration d’un détecteur à neutrons rapides destiné à un nouvel appareil de mesure capable de fonctionner en présence d’un champ magnétique puissant. Le CLYC a été choisi comme candidat potentiel pour la détection neutronique en raison de ses propriétés prometteuses, telles que sa capacité à discriminer les rayons gamma des neutrons rapides et sa résolution énergétique. Cette thèse évalue les performances d'un large cylindre CLYC couplé à une matrice SiPM et compare les résultats à ceux des PMT. Les capacités spectrométriques du CLYC ont été soulignées. Pour le comptage neutronique de nouveaux matériaux ont été étudié en perspective<br>The first part of this study consisted in testing performance of the several neutron detectors usually employed for radiation protec- tion at high-energy particle accelerators. The in- tercomparison was made at CERF, a unique workplace field that simulates the neutron spec- trum encountered in the proximity of high-en- ergy accelerators and at commercial flight alti- tudes. The CERF intercomparison campaign allowed to understand the behaviour of the different detector and quantify their over/underesti- mations with respect to the reference ambient dose equivalent function. Moreover, these experimental data were used to benchmark the new FLUKA simulation performed in 2017. The second part of this thesis was the investigation of a fast neutron detector for a novel radiation survey meter (called B-RAD) able to operate in the presence of a strong magnetic field, to be used for radiation surveys e.g. in the LHC experimental areas. The CLYC was selected as potential candidate for neutron detec-tion because of its promising properties, such as its capability to discriminate gamma rays from fast neutrons and its energy resolution. This thesis evaluated the performance of a 1- inch right CLYC cylinder coupled with a large SiPM array and compared the result with PMTs. The capacity of the CLYC+SiPm for spectros-copy was underligned. For neutron counting, new materials were investigated
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REBAI, MARICA. "Fast neutron instrumentation for beam diagnostic." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/28449.

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This thesis concerns the development of fast neutron instrumentation for beam diagnostic. Two kind of detectors have been developed. The first is a diamond detector for fast neutron measurements at the ChipIr beamline of the ISIS spallation neutron source (Didcot, UK). ISIS is a 50Hz-pulsed source in which neutrons are produced by 800 MeV protons interacting on a heavy metal target. The second is a Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detector developed for measurements of the neutron emission map in the deuterium beam prototype facility for the ITER fusion reactor under construction at the RFX site (Padova). Measurements of the so-called Single Event Effects (SEE) are the main application of the ChipIr beamline. SEEs are a potential threat to the robustness of integrated circuits featuring dimensions of tens of nanometers. SEEs occur when a highly energetic particle causes a disruption of the correct operation of an electronic component by striking its sensitive regions. Recent studies have shown that the neutron component above 1 MeV of the cosmic ray radiation is the primary contribution to SEEs for heights < 10 km. In order to evaluate the sensitivity of electronic devices to SEEs, fault-tolerant design techniques must be employed, and extensive analyses are needed to qualify their robustness. Experiments with atmospheric neutrons can be carried out but, due to the low intensity, they require very long periods of data acquisition. Neutron sources represent an opportunity due to the availability of high intensity fluxes which allow for accelerated irradiation experiments. Recent experiments performed at ISIS on the VESUVIO beamline demonstrated the suitability of ISIS for this kind of application. The new ChipIr beamline will provide an atmospheric-like neutron spectrum with a multiplication factor around 10^8. A crucial task for ChipIr design is the development of a neutron beam monitor for measurements of the neutron fluence in the MeV energy range. The detector developed in this thesis as a beam monitor for ChipIr is a Single-crystal Diamond Detector (SDD). Neutron detection using diamonds is based on the collection of the electrons/holes pairs produced by the energy deposited in the crystal following neutron reactions with carbon. First tests were performed in 2009 using a prototype SDD. The device features a p-type/intrinsic/metal Schottky barrier structure where the active (intrinsic) detection layer is obtained by chemical-vapour deposition. Both Time of Flight (ToF) only and biparametric (ToF and pulse height) measurements were successfully performed. Measurements were also performed using a Fission Diamond Detector (FDD). A FDD is a device based on a single crystal diamond coupled to a natural uranium converter foil. The biparametric data collection allowed us to distinguish events from 235U, 238U and from carbon break-up reactions inside the diamond. Limitations to quantitative analysis due to the initial choice of detector thickness and instrumental settings were highlighted by the tests. In a new set of experiments performed in July 2010, April 2011 and October 2011 a new fast neutron detector was tested. The measurements showed three characteristics regions in the biparametric spectra: -background events of low pulse heights induced by gamma-rays; -low pulse height events in the neutron ToF region corresponding to En in the range 2.4-5.7 MeV which are ascribed to elastic scattering on 12C; -large pulse height events in the ToF region corresponding to En>6 MeV which are ascribed to 12C(n,α)9Be and 12C(n,n')3α reactions. Neutron energy information was found to be contained both in the pulse height and in the ToF data, which suggests that SDDs are good candidate detectors for spectroscopy in fast neutron irradiation experiments. The use of diamond detectors as beam monitors requires further characterization of their response to monoenergetic neutrons. The second detector developed in this thesis is a nGEM detector able to map the neutron intensity produced in the SPIDER/MITICA beams at the Consorzio RFX in Padova. The ITER neutral beam test facility under construction in Padova will host two experimental devices: SPIDER, a 100 keV negative hydrogen/deuterium beam, and MITICA, a full scale, 1 MeV deuterium beam. A number of diagnostics will be deployed in the two facilities to qualify the beams. The aim of this thesis was to design a neutron diagnostic for SPIDER, as a first step towards the application of this diagnostic technique to MITICA. The proposed detection system is called CNESM which stands for Close-contact Neutron Emission Surface Mapping. CNESM is placed right behind the beam dump, as close as possible to the neutron emitting surface. It shall provide the map of the neutron emission on the surface of the beam dump. The latter is a rectangular panel made of water cooled pipes used to stop the incoming beam. The CNESM diagnostic system uses nGEM as neutron detectors. These are Gas Electron Multiplier detectors equipped with a cathode that also serves as neutron-proton converter. The diagnostic was designed on the basis of simulations of the different steps, from the deuteron beam interaction with the beam dump to the neutron detection in the nGEM. The deuteron deposition inside the dump was simulated with the TRIM code in order to provide the deposition profile. Neutron emission occurs via fusion reactions between the deuterium beam and the deuterons implanted in the beam dump surface. Neutron scattering in the beam dump was simulated using the MCNPX code. The nGEM cathode is at about 30 mm from the beam dump front surface. It is composed of two layers (polyethylene + aluminum) each ~50μm thick. The aluminum layer stops all protons that are emitted from the polyethylene at an angle higher than 40° relative to the normal to the cathode surface. This means that most of the detected neutrons at a point of the nGEM surface are emitted from the corresponding 40X22 mm^2 beamlet footprint on the dump front surface. The nGEM readout pads (area 20X22 mm^2) will record a useful count rate of ~5 kHz providing a time resolution of better than 1 s. Each nGEM detector maps the neutron emission from a group of 5X16 beamlets: as many as 16 nGEM detectors would be needed to cover the entire beam dump. The effect of the directional detector response due to the Al foil is to decrease the FWHM value to about 30 mm. This level of spatial resolution is adequate for unfolding the neutron source intensity from the 2D event map in the nGEM detector. The first nGEM detector prototype was tested at the FNG neutron source in Frascati, where the directional response of the nGEM cathode to neutrons was verified. The successful design of the CNESM neutron diagnostic for SPIDER provides the basis for its application to MITICA (X100 larger neutron fluxes expected), where it will be particularly useful to resolve the horizontal beam intensity profile.
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CARNITI, PAOLO. "Electronic Instrumentations for High Energy Particle Physics and Neutrino Physics." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/198964.

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La presente dissertazione descrive il design, la caratterizzazione e il funzionamento di sistemi elettronici per esperimenti di Fisica delle particelle (LHCb) e Fisica del neutrino (CUORE e CUPID). A partire dal 2019, l'esperimento LHCb presso l'acceleratore LHC sarà aggiornato per lavorare a luminosità più elevata e molti dei suoi rivelatori dovranno essere riprogettati. Il rivelatore RICH, in particolare, dovrà adottare un sistema optoelettronico totalmente nuovo. Lo sviluppo di questo sistema ha già raggiunto una fase avanzata e diversi test eseguiti su fascio hanno permesso di verificare le prestazioni dell'intero sistema. Per migliorare la stabilità, il filtraggio e la regolazione delle tensioni di alimentazione del circuito di front-end, è stato sviluppato un regolatore lineare a basso dropout e resistente alla radiazione, denominato ALDO. Sono qui presentate le strategie di progetto, la misurazione delle prestazioni e i risultati delle campagne di irraggiamento di questo dispositivo. Nel campo della fisica del neutrino, grandi array di macrobolometri, come quelli adottati dall'esperimento CUORE e dal suo futuro aggiornamento CUPID, offrono delle caratteristiche uniche per lo studio del doppio decadimento beta senza neutrini. Il loro funzionamento richiede particolari strategie progettuali nel sistema elettronico di lettura, che è qui descritto nella sua interezza. Sono anche presentate nel dettaglio le misure di qualifica e ottimizzazione dei parametri di funzionamento di tutto il sistema, oltre che l'integrazione all'interno dell'area sperimentale. Infine sono presentati gli aggiornamenti di alcuni sottosistemi elettronici in vista della fase finale di CUPID.<br>The present dissertation describes design, qualification and operation of several electronic instrumentations for High Energy Particle Physics experiments (LHCb) and Neutrino Physics experiments (CUORE and CUPID). Starting from 2019, the LHCb experiment at the LHC accelerator will be upgraded to operate at higher luminosity and several of its detectors will be redesigned. The RICH detector will require a completely new optoelectronic readout system. The development of such system has already reached an advanced phase, and several tests at particle beam facilities allowed to qualify the performance of the entire system. In order to achieve a higher stability and a better power supply regulation for the front-end chip, a rad-hard low dropout linear regulator, named ALDO, has been developed. Design strategies, performance tests and results from the irradiation campaign are presented. In the Neutrino Physics field, large-scale bolometric detectors, like those adopted by CUORE and its future upgrade CUPID, offer unique opportunities for the study of neutrinoless double beta decay. Their operation requires particular strategies in the readout instrumentation, which is described here in its entirety. The qualification and optimization of the working parameters as well as the integration of the system in the experimental area are also thoroughly discussed, together with the latest upgrades of two electronic subsystems for the future CUPID experiment.
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Reichenberger, Michael Anthony. "Micro-pocket fission detectors: development of advanced, real-time in-core, neutron-flux sensors." Diss., Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35414.

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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering<br>Douglas S. McGregor<br>Advancements in nuclear reactor core modeling and computational capability have encouraged further development of in-core neutron sensors. Measurement of the neutron-flux distribution within the reactor core provides a more complete understanding of the operating conditions in the reactor than typical ex-core sensors. Micro-Pocket Fission Detectors (MPFDs) have been developed and tested previously but have been limited to single-node operation and have utilized highly specialized designs. The development of a widely deployable, multi-node MPFD assembly will enhance nuclear research capabilities. In-core neutron flux measurements include many challenges because of the harsh environment within the reactor core. Common methods of in-core neutron measurement are also limited by geometry and other physical constraints. MPFDs are designed to be small and robust while offering a real-time, spatial measurement of neutron flux. Improvements to the MPFD design were developed based on shortcomings of prior research in which many of the theoretical considerations for MPFDs were examined. Fabrication techniques were developed for the preparation of MPFD components and electrodeposition of fissile material. Numerous arrays of MPFDs were constructed for test deployments at the Kansas State University TRIGA Mk. II research nuclear reactor, University of Wisconsin Nuclear Reactor, Transient REActor Test facility at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL), and Advanced Test Reactor at INL. Preliminary testing of a single MPFD sensor at KSU yielded a linear response to reactor power between 10 kWth and 750 kWth and followed both positive and negative reactivity insertions in real-time. A $1.50 reactor pulse was monitored from the Intra-Reflector Irradiation System, located in reflector region of the KSU TRIGA Mk. II core with 1-ms time resolution. Improved multi-node MPFD arrays were then designed, fabricated, and deployed in flux ports between fuel rods and within an iron-wire flux port which was inserted into the central thimble of the KSU TRIGA Mk. II research nuclear reactor. Work continues to develop MPFDs for deployment at research reactors at INL and elsewhere. Results from the MPFD measurements will be useful for future validation of computational modeling and as part of advanced nuclear fuel development efforts.
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Books on the topic "Instrumentation and Detectors"

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Electronic imaging in astronomy: Detectors and instrumentation. Wiley, 1997.

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Electronic imaging in astronomy: Detectors and instrumentation. 2nd ed. Springer, 2008.

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Dominique, Placko, ed. Instrumentation and measurement. ISTE Ltd., 2006.

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Introduction to instrumentation, sensors and process control. Artech House, 2006.

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Sensors and actuators: Control systems instrumentation. CRC Press, 2007.

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Inc, Technical Insights, ed. Lab-on-a-chip: A revolution in instrumentation. Technical Insights, 1996.

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Emil, Petriu, ed. Instrumentation and measurement technology and applications. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1998.

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John Wiley & Sons. Technical Insights., ed. Lab-on-a-chip: The revolution in portable instrumentation. 3rd ed. J. Wiley, 2000.

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John Wiley & Sons. Technical Insights., ed. Lab-on-a-chip: The revolution in portable instrumentation. 2nd ed. Wiley, 1997.

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1964-, Walker Terri C., ed. Artificial intelligence applications in sensors and instrumentation. SEAI Technical Publications, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Instrumentation and Detectors"

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McLeanProfessor, Ian S., James Larkin, and Michael FitzgeraldDr. "Instrumentation and Detectors." In Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems. Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5621-2_12.

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Eversberg, Thomas, and Klaus Vollmann. "Some Remarks on CCD Detectors." In Spectroscopic Instrumentation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44535-8_10.

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Lloyd, D. K. "Instrumentation: detectors and integrators." In High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0597-2_6.

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Williamson, Martin, and Jeffrey Preston. "Radiation Detectors and Instrumentation." In Nuclear Non-proliferation and Arms Control Verification. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29537-0_17.

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Hiller, John M., and Nancy M. Baldwin. "Thermal Conductivity Detectors." In Environmental Instrumentation and Analysis Handbook. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471473332.ch19.

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Aspin, Colin. "Future Instrumentation for the Nordic Optical Telescope." In Optical Detectors for Astronomy. Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5262-4_8.

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Fordham, John L. A., and Richard N. Hook. "Interpolative Centroiding in Photon Counting Detectors." In Instrumentation for Ground-Based Optical Astronomy. Springer New York, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3880-5_57.

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Kessler, Michael J. "Recent advances in detectors for radioisotopes." In Research Instrumentation for the 21st Century. Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2748-3_1.

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Renker, Dieter, and Eckart Lorenz. "Photon Detectors for Small-Animal Imaging Instrumentation." In Molecular Imaging of Small Animals. Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0894-3_3.

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Kraan, Aafke. "Applications of Radiation Detectors to Society." In Advanced Radiation Detector and Instrumentation in Nuclear and Particle Physics. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19268-5_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Instrumentation and Detectors"

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ERICH, Griesmayer. "Diamond Detectors for beam instrumentation." In Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics 2014. Sissa Medialab, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.213.0088.

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Giubellino, P. "Silicon detectors." In Instrumentation in elementary particle physics. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1361757.

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Nappi, E. "RICH detectors." In Instrumentation in elementary particle physics. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1361758.

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Giubellino, P. "Silicon Detectors." In INSTRUMENTATION IN ELEMENTARY PARTICLE PHYSICS. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1604078.

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Nakamura, Kenzo. "Neutrino detectors." In Instrumentation in elementary particle physics. AIP, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.55071.

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Tarle, Gregory, Carl W. Akerlof, Greg Aldering, et al. "SNAP NIR detectors." In Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation, edited by John C. Mather. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.461774.

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Yagi, Naoto. "CMOS Imaging Detectors as X-ray Detectors for Synchrotron Radiation Experiments." In SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION: Eighth International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1757937.

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Va’vra, J. "Gaseous wire detectors." In Instrumentation in elementary particle physics. AIP, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.55070.

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Lesser, Michael. "4KX4K detectors for astronomy." In SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, edited by James D. Garnett and James W. Beletic. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.551437.

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Casas, Ricard, Otger Ballester, Laia Cardiel-Sas, et al. "PAU camera: detectors characterization." In SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, edited by Andrew D. Holland and James W. Beletic. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.924640.

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Reports on the topic "Instrumentation and Detectors"

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E. C. SCHWEGLER - LANL and A. PLACE - HONEYWELL. MINIATURE TRANSDUCERS FOR FLIGHT TEST UNIT INSTRUMENTATION - MAGNETIC FIELD DETECTORS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/764597.

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Buzzo, Bruce. Instrumentation Development Final Report: The Vehicular Movement Detector Meter (VMDM). Defense Technical Information Center, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada327181.

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Bian, Jianming. Detector Instrumentation, Energy Reconstruction and Data Analysis in the DUNE and NOvA Neutrino Experiments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1577440.

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Hau, Lene V. Instrumentation for Creation and Diagnostics of an Intense Cold Atom Beam: CW Atom Laser and Nanotube Single Atom Detector. Defense Technical Information Center, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada480302.

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DEVELOPMENT OF NEXT-GENERATION DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY, DIFFRACTION AND HOLOGRAPHY. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/859023.

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