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Journal articles on the topic 'International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Makhnycheva, Yu, and Е. Gordienko. "International Red Cross and Red Crescent." Vrač skoroj pomoŝi (Emergency Doctor), no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-02-2001-05.

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The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is an international independent organization, staff of which provides humanitarian aid to affected and needy people. The ICRC works in armed conflict zones, in areas of natural disasters, natural and technogenic accidents. In peacetime, the organization’s employees fight against physical violence, provide assistance with water supply and improving housing conditions, visit prisoners, monitor the conditions of detention and respect for their rights in addition to large-scale rescue operations. The ICRC's work includes family reunification, humanitarian diplomacy, health care, mine action, economic security and much more. The movement includes the International Committee of the Red Cross, National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. The management of the ICRC is represented by the Assembly, the Assembly Council, the Directorate. Peter Maurer, President of the ICRC, heads the Assembly Council and the Assembly of the International Committee of the Red Cross.

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2

Russbach, Rémi. "The International Committee of the Red Cross and Health." International Review of the Red Cross 27, no. 260 (October 1987): 513–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400023196.

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The ICRC Medical Division, established in November 1977, works for the war wounded, for prisoners, for the civilian population and for the war disabled. Its essential purpose is to keep the victims alive, alleviate their suffering and prevent their sicknesses or wounds from ruining the rest of their lives.In his summary of ICRC activities during his term of office, (1976–1987) President Alexandre Hay said last May, “The medical sector, completely embryonic when I arrived, has developed considerably and has now achieved a highly praiseworthy quality and dimension. The ICRC and the victims of conflicts owe a great deal to the spirit of initiative, devotion and competence of its doctors”.The Review is particularly pleased to publish the following article by Dr. Remi Russbach, Chief Medical Officer of the ICRC, who traces the evolution of the Medical Division in the past ten years, emphasizing not only the progress achieved in the execution of its programmes but dealing as well with the problems which the ICRC has had to face in this domain.

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3

Hanley, Teresa, and John Mitchell. "British Red Cross cooperation with the International Committee of the Red Cross: delegated water project in Bosnia-Herzegovina." International Review of the Red Cross 38, no. 323 (June 1998): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400091014.

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Cooperation between the International Committee of the Red Cross and the British Red Cross has traditionally been limited to the National Society providing cash, delegates and contributions in kind for ICRC programmes. At most, actual Society involvement in ICRC operations has extended to earmarking contributions for a particular country or programme; the Society has not been involved in planning, implementing or reviewing ICRC work. However, it has consistently contributed at least 25% of its budget for international activities to the ICRC and provided it with field delegates. The proportion is growing and, over the past three years, British Red Cross contributions to the ICRC have increased to over 50% of its international budget, more than £15 million in 1996. In addition, the Society currently provides 12% of the ICRC's delegates.

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4

Armstrong, J. D. "The International Committee of the Red Cross and political prisoners." International Organization 39, no. 4 (1985): 615–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300027041.

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The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has greatly expanded its activities on behalf of political prisoners since the Second World War. The ICRC's involvement with this issue has resulted from a series of incremental steps, taken over more than a hundred years, and it raises difficult legal, political, and moral questions. Is the ICRC, by operating in this highly sensitive area, endangering its special relationship with governments–a relationship that is vital for the performance of its more traditional functions in wartime? Should the organization be more open or less Swiss? Is it evading fundamental moral issues? The ICRC's success in achieving its objectives also raises questions as to why states have permitted a nongovernmental organization to intervene in their internal affairs and whether the ICRC provides a model that other nongovernmental organizations concerned with human rights might seek to emulate.

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5

Palmieri, Daniel. "To inform or govern? 150 years of the International Review of the Red Cross, 1869–2019." International Review of the Red Cross 100, no. 907-909 (April 2018): 71–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383119000250.

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AbstractThe International Review of the Red Cross (formerly the Bulletin Internationale des Sociétés de Secours aux Militaires Blessés) is celebrating its 150th anniversary in 2019, making it the oldest of the general publications produced by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). Originally created as a communication tool for the entire International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, the Review rapidly changed its course to become first the primary mouthpiece of the ICRC for many years, and finally an academic journal. This article will retrace the history of this evolution, during which, under cover of humanitarianism, political factors played a significant role.

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6

Kisselev, Andrei K. "The League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (1983)." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, S1 (1985): v—vi. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00043521.

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The League of Red Cross Societies is the international federation of the 130 National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, which together have a membership of more than 230,000,000. The League is one of the three components of the International Red Cross, the others being the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the National Red Cross/Red Crescent Societies.The ICRC acts as a neutral intermediary in humanitarian matters during international conflicts, civil wars and internal disturbances, providing protection and assistance to victims, prisoners of war and civilian detainees. The League objective is to facilitate, encourage and promote the humanitarian activities of its member societies and thus contribute to the promotion of peace in the world.

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7

Mayou, Roger. "Prisoners’ objects: The collection of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Museum." International Review of the Red Cross 98, no. 903 (December 2016): 749–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383117000595.

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The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Museum has a unique collection of prisoners’ objects – items made by conflict-related detainees and given to International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) delegates who, in keeping with the ICRC's mandate under the Geneva Conventions, were visiting the prisons.

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8

The Review. "The International Committee of the Red Cross and the protection of war victims." International Review of the Red Cross 35, no. 307 (August 1995): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400072958.

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In its recent issues the International Review of the Red Cross announced the publication of a work entitled Le Comité international de la Croix-Rouge et la protection des victimes de la guerre by François Bugnion, Deputy Director of the ICRC Department of Principles, Law and Relations with the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.The book has already become the reference work par excellence on the International Committee of the Red Cross in that it analyses, in a combined historical and legal approach, the process whereby the international community came to entrust the Committee with tasks and areas of competence relating to the protection of war victims. It also highlights the interaction between the development of ICRC practice and that of international humanitarian law.

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9

Blondel, Jean-Luc. "Cooperation between National Societies and the International Committee of the Red Cross: an essential and demanding partnership." International Review of the Red Cross 38, no. 323 (June 1998): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400090951.

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The ICRC has always maintained contacts, often close ones, with the National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. According to Article 3 of the Statutes of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, “the National Societies form the basic units and constitute a vital force of the Movement”. In this sense, the ICRC regards them as special partners in the conduct of its humanitarian activities, as it recently re-emphasized in its strategic study on the organization's future, which it shared with all the National Societies in a letter dated 16 December 1997: “As a member of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement — of which it is the founder — the ICRC works to ensure respect for the Fundamental Principles and cooperates primarily with the National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and their Federation” (emphasis added).

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10

Bugnion, François. "Birth of an idea: the founding of the International Committee of the Red Cross and of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement: from Solferino to the original Geneva Convention (1859–1864)." International Review of the Red Cross 94, no. 888 (December 2012): 1299–338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383113000088.

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AbstractThe trauma of coming face to face with the horrors of a battlefield and witnessing first-hand the abandonment of the war-wounded led Henry Dunant to two ingenious concepts: the creation of permanent volunteer relief societies and the adoption of a treaty to protect wounded soldiers and all who endeavour to come to their aid. On the initiative of Gustave Moynier, a committee was established in Geneva to implement Dunant's proposals. That committee – which soon took the name ‘International Committee of the Red Cross’ (ICRC) – convened two international conferences, the first of which laid the foundation for the future relief societies while the second adopted the initial Geneva Convention. This article considers the circumstances that led to the founding of the ICRC and then to that of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, starting with Solferino and culminating in the adoption of the Geneva Convention.

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11

Bradley, Miriam. "International humanitarian law, non-state armed groups and the International Committee of the Red Cross in Colombia." Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies 4, no. 1 (September 24, 2013): 108–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18781527-00401002.

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This article analyses the experiences of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in Colombia, and has two main purposes: first, to elaborate on the relationship between international humanitarian law (IHL) and the practical work of the ICRC in internal armed conflict; and second, to use our enhanced understanding of that relationship to shed light on important questions regarding the nature and effectiveness of IHL with respect to non-State armed groups. It proceeds in three main parts. First, it provides background on the work of the ICRC to contextualise the subsequent analysis, establishing the importance of IHL in the work of the ICRC in general. Second, it shows that for the ICRC, IHL is a means to an end (namely protection) rather than an end in itself, and that it is not the only (or even necessarily the primary) means to that end. Third, it argues that the ICRC often finds that reference to IHL is counter-productive to achieving desired protection outcomes, and that this calls into question the adequacy and effectiveness of the IHL framework itself. Finally, it concludes by suggesting why the existing framework may be less than optimal for achieving its aims, and how future research could contribute to a more comprehensive assessment of the appropriateness and adequacy of existing IHL.

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12

Vecsey, Nicolas. "International Committee of the Red Cross: Co-operation between the Central Tracing Agency of the International Committee of the Red Cross and National Red Cross and Red Crescent Society Tracing Services." International Review of the Red Cross 28, no. 264 (June 1988): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400073897.

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The Central Tracing Agency (CTA) exists to clear away such doubt, and to do so it has fixed as its four main tasks:1. to obtain, register, process and pass on all information that can identify persons whose case has been taken up by the ICRC;2. to ensure exchanges of family correspondence where normal communications are interrupted;3. to trace persons whose relatives have no news of them or who have been reported missing;4. to organize the reuniting of families, transfers of persons and repatriations.

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13

Sommaruga, Cornelio. "Humanity: Our Priority Now and Always." Ethics & International Affairs 13 (March 1999): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.1999.tb00323.x.

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Thomas Weiss oversimplifies when he identifies the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) with the classicist position of nonconfrontation. The ICRC defines humanitarian action to include advocacy through public and private channels to protect individuals and communities against violations of international humanitarian law. Weiss rightly points out the difficulty of making belligerents, or “unprincipled actors,” understand the value of nonpartisan and impartial action.Still, the ICRC remains committed to finding new language for communicating the principles of humanitarian action and new techniques of negotiation. In this regard the ICRC is classicist. But this classicism places the ICRC on the side of the solidarists in defending the interests of individuals and communities in distress, and on the side of the maximalists in its advocacy of international humanitarian law.

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14

Forsythe, David P. "The ICRC as seen through the pages of the Review, 1869–1913: Personal observations." International Review of the Red Cross 100, no. 907-909 (April 2018): 45–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383119000195.

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AbstractThe early years of the Review, then called the Bulletin International des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge, provide numerous insights into the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), which edited the journal. Since the ICRC was very small in those days and without support staff, one learns a great deal, especially about Gustave Moynier, who led the organization and carried out most of the editing duties at the Bulletin. The reader can trace the role of religious and other motivations, attitudes toward colonialism, the evolving nature of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and the ICRC's place therein, and complex relations with States. This early era, as richly recorded in the journal, stimulates a number of questions about further research into ICRC and Red Cross history.

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15

Terry, Fiona. "The International Committee of the Red Cross in Afghanistan: reasserting the neutrality of humanitarian action." International Review of the Red Cross 93, no. 881 (February 9, 2011): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383111000026.

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AbstractNeutrality as a guiding principle of humanitarian action was roundly rejected by most actors in Afghanistan's latest conflict. One party to the conflict commandeered assistance and aid organizations into a counter-insurgency campaign, and the other rejected Western aid organizations as agents of an imperialist West. The murder in 2003 of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) water engineer Ricardo Munguia, because of what he symbolized, cast doubt on whether the ICRC could be perceived as neutral in this highly polarized context. Rather than abandon a neutral stance, however, as so many aid organizations did, the ICRC persevered and, through some innovative and sometimes risky initiatives, managed to show both sides the benefits of having a neutral intermediary in conflict. Today, the ICRC continues to expand its reach to Afghans in dire need of humanitarian assistance.

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16

Pfanner, Toni. "Cooperation between truth commissions and the International Committee of the Red Cross." International Review of the Red Cross 88, no. 862 (June 2006): 363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383106000579.

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Starting with the usual functions of truth and reconciliation commissions, the article outlines the possibilities for and limits of cooperation by the ICRC with the varying types of commissions. The question as to the degree of such cooperation has mostly been resolved on similar lines to the privilege of non-disclosure in international criminal trials. Within the parameters of its principles of neutrality and impartiality and the operative rule of confidentiality established to enable access to victims of armed conflicts and internal violence, the ICRC has, however, cooperated with such commissions. The author explains some criteria determining the appropriate degree of cooperation and shows some forms it can take. He finally discusses the ICRC's policy vis-à-vis the amnesty provisions of truth and reconciliation commissions, which often preclude the prosecution of persons involved in offences committed during periods of violence.

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17

Bouvier, Antoine A., and Katie E. Sams. "Teaching international humanitarian law in universities: the contribution of the International Committee of the Red Cross." Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 5 (December 2002): 381–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s138913590000115x.

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Although the promotion of international humanitarian law (IHL) in academic circles is a relatively new activity for the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), it has made rapid progress since the mid 1990s. Today, the organisation is following up on university-related activities in some 130 countries around the world. Overseen and harmonised by the ICRC headquarters in Geneva but implemented primarily by operational and regional delegations in the field, the ICRC's programmes targeting university professors and students are notable for their variety and diversity. Nevertheless, the organisation has made a concerted effort to ensure that all such programmes further the same broad objective and operate according to the same principles of action. In the second section of this paper, we examine the issues related to including IHL courses in the regular curricula of the universities and faculties concerned and present themodus operandiadopted by the ICRC on the basis of ‘lessons learned’. In the third section, we highlight the ICRC's experience of promoting IHL in academic circles in the Russian Federation. Section 4 draws some conclusions.

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18

RETAMOSA, JOSÉ MANUEL VELASCO. "Commercial Use of the Emblems of International Bodies: The Case of the International Committee of the Red Cross." Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 57 (October 13, 2020): 256–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cyl.2020.11.

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AbstractThe International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is an international non-governmental organization (NGO) with a functional organization based on a structure of national societies and committees that independently represent it and carry out its work in numerous countries around the world. An essential element of this NGO’s functions, which are indeed very special, is the emblem that marks all of the activities the organization carries out, a symbol that is truly known in every corner of the globe. Given the organization’s prestige and everything its emblem represents, the need to protect this symbol arises in all contexts where it might be used, whether by the ICRC itself or by third parties, with or without authorization. This article reviews the numerous international, national, and internal rules that seek to regulate this emblem and its protection in all such models of its potential use.

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MacLaren, Malcolm, and Felix Schwendimann. "An Exercise in the Development of International Law: The New ICRC Study on Customary International Humanitarian Law." German Law Journal 6, no. 9 (September 1, 2005): 1217–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200014267.

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On 17 March 2005, the President of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Jakob Kellenberger, presented a study (hereinafter “the Study”) of customary international humanitarian law (IHL). A decade earlier, the International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent had mandated the ICRC to “prepare […] a report on customary rules of IHL applicable in international [IAC] and non-international armed conflicts [NIAC], and to circulate the report to States and competent international bodies.” The Study's objective was to capture a “photograph” of the existing, hitherto unwritten rules that make up customary IHL. Comprehensive, high-level research into customary IHL followed; the end result of which is undeniably a remarkable feat and a significant contribution to scholarship and debate in this area of international law.

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20

Setyorini, Fitri Adi. "THE ROLE OF THE HUMANITARIAN ACTION INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR THE RED CROSS (ICRC) IN THE 2011 LIBYA REVOLUTION." Journal of Islamic World and Politics 5, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jiwp.v5i1.6694.

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This study discusses the International Committee for the Red Cross (ICRC) role in protecting and assisting victims of the Libyan revolution in 2011. The purpose of this study is to explore more about the role of the International Committee for the Red Cross (ICRC) in protecting and assisting victims of war as one step on a humanitarian mission. The author used the non-government organizations (NGOs) and humanitarian action concepts. The author's research method to analyze this study was a descriptive method through a literature review. Based on research done, the author found that the revolution in Libya in 2011 was one of the effects of the Arab Spring in the Middle East region. The author also found that the ICRC carried out its humanitarian missions by providing food, water, medical supplies, medical equipment, and clothing.

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BRANNAGAN, CRAIG, and CHRISTOPHER WATERS. "ICRC Privilege in Canada." Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 53 (August 10, 2016): 144–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cyl.2016.1.

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AbstractThis article explores whether the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) enjoys testimonial privilege before Canadian courts. The authors argue that there is strong evidence to suggest that customary international law requires that the ICRC be granted a privilege not to testify or disclose confidential information in domestic court proceedings. Such a privilege, they argue, is entailed by the ICRC’s mandate to engage in international humanitarian law protection activities using confidential means. Given that customary international law forms part of the common law in Canada, the authors argue that this privilege should be recognized by Canadian courts despite its potentially uneasy fit with traditional Canadian evidence law.

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22

Willemin, Georges. "The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) official e‐mail system." Records Management Journal 16, no. 2 (May 2006): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09565690610677436.

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23

Harroff-Tavel, Marion. "Action taken by the International Committee of the Red Cross in situations of internal violence." International Review of the Red Cross 33, no. 294 (June 1993): 195–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002086040007697x.

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For some decades now, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has periodically undertaken the difficult task of reassessing its policy in respect of situations of internal violence. Since 1872, when it made its first offer of services to the parties to a non-international armed conflict, and 1918, when it carried out its first visit to security detainees, the ICRC has accumulated a wealth of experience. During that time it has gradually extended its mandate to cover situations in which human suffering called for action on its part which it would not have contemplated a few years previously.

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Maurer, Peter. "Challenges to international humanitarian law: Israel's occupation policy." International Review of the Red Cross 94, no. 888 (December 2012): 1503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383113000593.

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The complexity of the ever-shifting humanitarian landscape in the Middle East region – where the effects of perennial conflict and instability have rarely been contained within one country – is a major preoccupation for humanitarian organisations like the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).

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Forsythe, David P. "Choices More Ethical Than Legal: The International Committee of the Red Cross and Human Rights." Ethics & International Affairs 7 (March 1993): 131–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.1993.tb00147.x.

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It may come as a surprise to many that the ICRC was the first agency established representing the International Red Cross and Red Crescent network to protect and assist victims of war and victims of politics. This article explores the ineffective consequences of international laws overseeing such victims and argues that proper implementation of these laws requires policy, without which laws can never be executed. ICRC has often coordinated relief for victims in such places as Somalia and Bosnia, in fact more than all the UN agencies combined, when the rest of the world was still ignoring them. When law is silent, and often during war time it is, human rights policies must be built on ethical choice.

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Kisselev, Andrei K. "The League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LRCS)." Journal of the World Association for Emergency and Disaster Medicine 1, no. 1 (1985): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00032441.

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The “International Red Cross” is composed of: (1) The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) which focuses on war victims; (2) the LRCS; and (3) the 130 National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies worldwide which are federated by the LRCS. The LRCS was founded to facilitate, encourage and promote the humanitarian activities of its member societies and thus contribute to the promotion of peace in the world. The LRCS considers health as one of the keys to a better world for everyone. Red Cross programs include the training of nursing personnel, the provision of health care in rural areas, the organization of assistance to the sick, aged, and handicapped, and teaching first aid skills to lay people.

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Emanuelli, Claude C. "Comments on the ICRC Study on Customary International Humanitarian Law." Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 44 (2007): 437–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0069005800009085.

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SummaryThis comment takes a critical look at the method used by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in its study of customary humanitarian law. It argues that the ICRC study reduces the concept of international custom to its definition under Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice. It also argues that the study overlooks some of the problems raised by the application of Article 38. It contends that the positions taken by the ICRC to identify customary rules of humanitarian law are somewhat ambiguous and even slanted. Finally, this comment suggests that, beyond questioning the ICRC study, it is the role of custom as a source of international law that is in question.

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Reynard, Paul. "50th Anniversary of the ITS: The International Committee of the Red Cross and the International Tracing Service in Arolsen." International Review of the Red Cross 33, no. 296 (October 1993): 457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400082012.

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The International Committee of the Red Cross was very pleased when the management and administration of the International Tracing Service (ITS) were transferred to it on 6 June 1955. In his address during the signing ceremony, the Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, Mr. Konrad Adenauer, congratulated the ICRC on its willingness “to take over this task in accordance with the spirit of the Geneva Conventions”. In reply the President of the ICRC, Mr. Paul Ruegger, thanked the Federal German Chancellor and representatives of the member States of the International Commission for the ITS for the reliance placed in his institution.

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Debuf, Els. "Tools to do the job: The ICRC's legal status, privileges and immunities." International Review of the Red Cross 97, no. 897-898 (June 2015): 319–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s181638311500051x.

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AbstractThe International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) enjoys a specific legal status and specific privileges and immunities under both international and domestic law. They enable the ICRC to effectively carry out its mandate, and to do so in full conformity with its Fundamental Principles and standard working modalities. This article clarifies the ICRC's particular legal status and explains the rationale, scope and legal sources of its privileges and immunities.

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Koenig, Christian. "Observer status for the International Committee of the Red Cross at the United Nations — A legal viewpoint." International Review of the Red Cross 31, no. 280 (February 1991): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400081262.

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In many respects, observer status for the ICRC will place the practical co-operation that already existed between the institution and the United Nations on a stronger legal basis. It will also spare the ICRC the considerable drain on its resources that was necessary, when it had only consultative status, to bring its pragmatic inter arma caritas proposals before the United Nations.

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Fortin, Katharine. "Complementarity between the ICRC and the United Nations and international humanitarian law and international human rights law, 1948–1968." International Review of the Red Cross 94, no. 888 (December 2012): 1433–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s181638311300043x.

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AbstractThis article shows that between the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 and the Tehran conference in 1968, international human rights law and international humanitarian law and their respective guardian institutions, the United Nations (UN) and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), were not so conceptually far apart as is sometimes suggested. Its purpose is to give further legitimacy to the role of human rights law in armed conflict and show that cooperation between the UN and the ICRC has a long history.

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Rebois, Yann, and Friderieke Alschner. "Use of Satellite Imagery at the ICRC (International Committee of the Red Cross)." GI_Forum 1 (2015): 402–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/giscience2015s402.

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33

Iordache Cârstea, Luiza. "The Humanitarian Aid of the Joint Relief Commission of the International Red Cross in France to the civil population: children, women and internees (1940-1946)." Culture & History Digital Journal 8, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2019.022.

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The objective of this article is the analysis of the humanitarian relief work of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the League of the Red Cross Societies through a joint body, the Joint Relief Committee (JRC), in France during the Second World War. Based on the treaties, convention and draft projects that shed light on the evolution and consolidation of the International Humanitarian Law relating to civilian defence and on the specialized bibliography, reports of the ICRC and the JRC, documentary sources of the ICRC Archives, and photo library of the same organization, the article focuses on humanitarian aid and priorities of the JRC in favour of the civilian population most vulnerable to and affected by war: children, women and internees in the concentration camps in South of France. This study, accompanied by photos, maps and quantitative data, sheds light on the channels of humanitarian action, the charitable organizations, associations, institutions, foundations, etc., that made this possible, as well as the loopholes and limitations of international humanitarian law, with important consequences for human life during a major conflict such as the Second World War.

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Labbé, Jérémie, and Pascal Daudin. "Applying the humanitarian principles: Reflecting on the experience of the International Committee of the Red Cross." International Review of the Red Cross 97, no. 897-898 (June 2015): 183–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383115000715.

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AbstractApplying the humanitarian principles of humanity, impartiality, neutrality and independence in a relevant manner in concrete operational settings is a constant challenge for humanitarian organizations. Bound by this set of norms, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has incrementally developed over the years a rational framework that allows its leadership and staff on the ground to act according to these principles while developing adapted solutions and pragmatic approaches. This article begins by describing the history and development of the humanitarian principles; it then explains how the strategic choices of the ICRC are informed by these principles, and what the consequences are for the organization's capacity to act in favour of victims of armed conflicts.

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Bugnion, François. "17 December 1996: Six ICRC delegates assassinated in Chechnya." International Review of the Red Cross 37, no. 317 (April 1997): 140–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400085065.

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In the early hours of 17 December 1996, six delegates of the International Committee of the Red Cross were assassinated in a brutal attack by gunmen at the ICRC hospital in Novye Atagi, near Grozny.In late summer 1996, the ICRC had decided to open a field hospital in Chechnya because the main hospitals in Grozny had been seriously damaged, thus leaving large numbers of war-wounded without proper care.

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Sommaruga, Cornelio. "Humanitarian action and peace-keeping operations." International Review of the Red Cross 37, no. 317 (April 1997): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400085107.

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It is an honour and a privilege for me to address this Conference devoted to a topic of great importance to the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). As a humanitarian organization, whose mandate it is to provide protection and assistance for victims of armed conflicts and which is operational worldwide, the ICRC has been directly concerned with many peace-keeping missions undertaken by the United Nations.

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Shraga, Daphna. "UN Peacekeeping Operations: Applicability of International Humanitarian Law and Responsibility for Operations-Related Damage." American Journal of International Law 94, no. 2 (April 2000): 406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2555303.

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In the five decades that followed the Korea operation, where for the first time the United Nations commander agreed, at the request of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), to abide by the humanitarian provisions of the Geneva Conventions, few UN operations lent themselves to the applicability of international humanitarian law

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Russbach, Rémi, Robin Charles Gray, and Robin Michael Coupland. "ICRC surgical activities." International Review of the Red Cross 31, no. 284 (October 1991): 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400070145.

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The surgical activities of the International Committee of the Red Cross stem from the institution's general mandate to protect and assist the victims of armed conflict.The war wounded are thus only one category of the victims included in the ICRC's terms of reference.The ICRC's main role in relation to the war wounded is not to treat them, for this is primarily the responsibility of the governments involved in the conflict and hence their army medical services. The task of the ICRC is first and foremost to ensure that the belligerents are familiar with the provisions of the Geneva Conventions and apply them, that is, care for members of the enemy armed forces as well as their own and afford medical establishments and personnel the protection to which they are entitled.

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Forsythe, David P. "The ICRC: a unique humanitarian protagonist." International Review of the Red Cross 89, no. 865 (March 2007): 63–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383107000902.

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AbstractThe International Committee of the Red Cross, associated with four Nobel Peace Prizes, is a unique and widely respected humanitarian actor. There were times in its past, however, when it was not as independent, neutral and impartial as is sometimes pictured. Since about 1970 it has made important changes in its structure and functioning so as to improve on the past. In contemporary times the ICRC has carved out an enduring place for neutral humanitarianism in conflicts, but one that is not free from controversies and challenges.

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Harroff-Tavel, Marion. "The International Committee of the Red Cross and the promotion of international humanitarian law: Looking back, looking forward." International Review of the Red Cross 96, no. 895-896 (December 2014): 817–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383115000764.

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AbstractIn a globalizing world marked by geopolitical upheaval, unprecedented threats to human security, new forms of violence and technological revolutions, particularly in the area of information technology, it is no simple task to raise awareness of international humanitarian law (IHL) applicable to armed conflict and ensure that warring parties comply with this body of law. This article traces the history of the International Committee of the Red Cross's (ICRC) work in promoting IHL from 1864 to the present, juxtaposing this history with important events in international relations and with the organization's (sometimes traumatizing) experiences that ultimately gave rise to innovative programmes. The article summarizes lively debates that took place at the ICRC around such topics as the place of ethics in the promotion of IHL, respect for cultural diversity in the various methods used to promote this body of law, and how much attention should be devoted to youth – as well as the most effective way to do so. The author concludes by sharing her personal views on the best way to promote IHL in the future by drawing on the lessons of the past.

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Aeschlimann, Alain. "Incorporation of Humanitarian Programs: Ukraine’s Experience." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XIX (2018): 466–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2018-32.

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Mr Aeschlimann tells the story of the establishment of the International Committee of the Red Cross and its main activities. He notes that the Committee was founded by Henri Dunant from Switzerland. The symbol of Red Cross was not a coincidence; Henri Dunant associated it with health protection. It is also noteworthy that the symbol resembles the flag of Switzerland. Since the very inception, the primary responsibility of the organisation was taking care of injured soldiers and captives; later on, it started to help abused people. Soon enough, the organisation began to provide food to the people in need. Mr Aeschlimann also emphasises that the International Committee of the Red Cross has worked in line with the principles of international humanitarian law and cooperated with states for its improvement since its foundation and adoption of the First Geneva Convention. The legal aspect is also an important part of the organisation’s work. In general, the Committee has a broad range of activities, totally depending on the state of a conflict or domestic violence. The International Committee of the Red Cross launched aggressive activities in 2014, following the outbreak of the military conflict in the east of Ukraine. The organisation pays much attention to the following aspects related to its operation in Ukraine: the conflict was unleashed between nations with similar mentality and is of highly politicised and polarised character. Representatives of the organisation act not only in the territory under Ukrainian control but also in the occupied territory. Mr Aeschlimann mentions that the most challenging aspect of working in Ukraine is to adjust to the fast pace of drastic changes in the country due to sweeping reforms and transition economy. Moreover, the organisation faced certain difficulties in providing humanitarian assistance, but currently all the subtleties have been settled and the ICRC is operating in favourable conditions. Among the priority tasks of the International Committee of the Red Cross, the following can be singled out: expansion of activities, namely measures on the search for missing persons, expansion of a program of support of psychosocial and psychological health. Special attention is drawn to provision of first aid to people near to the collision line. Mr Aeschlimann also tells how he chose this profession, his free time taking into account a busy working schedule, and his favourite places in Ukraine. Keywords: the International Committee of the Red Cross, the ICRC mission, the First Geneva Convention, humanitarian assistance, conflict.

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Al-Dawoody, Ahmed, Kristy A. Winter, and Oran Finegan. "International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC): Management of the dead under Islamic law." Forensic Science International: Reports 3 (July 2021): 100196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsir.2021.100196.

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Jeannet, StéPhane. "Non-Disclosure Of Evidence Before International Criminal Tribunals: Recent Developments Regarding the International Committee of the Red Cross." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 50, no. 3 (July 2001): 643–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/50.3.643.

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What is worse, watching a guilty person walk free or being denied access to a person who may die if left without your assistance? Is it more important to help bring about the wrongdoer's arrest or to help his victim? If a choice has to be made, it is never an easy one. But it is a dilemma that delegates from the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) sometimes find themselves facing, and it is one that can keep you awake nights.1

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Becker, Annette. "From the Bulletin International des Sociétés de la Croix Rouge to the International Review of the Red Cross: The Great War as a revelator." International Review of the Red Cross 100, no. 907-909 (April 2018): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383119000389.

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AbstractDuring the Great War, the Bulletin International des Sociétés de la Croix Rouge covered the immense work of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (National Societies). This article focuses on one particular angle of that work: the tensions and even contradictions between the ICRC's duty of neutrality and impartiality, on the one hand, and the national and sometimes nationalistic commitments of National Societies, which were naturally opposed to each other in wartime, on the other. While some of the Bulletin’s articles revealed real advances in thought on war and the protection of victims, others reflected the inertia caused by this fundamental contradiction.

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"(B) International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, no. 3 (1985): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00066024.

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"(B) International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)." Journal of the World Association for Emergency and Disaster Medicine 1, no. 1 (1985): 88–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00032854.

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"Official visits to the ICRC." International Review of the Red Cross 28, no. 265 (August 1988): 385–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400074167.

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The Head of the Spanish Government, Mr. Felipe González, visited the headquarters of the International Committee of the Red Cross on 7 June 1988, and was received by the institution's President, Mr. Cornelio Sommaruga, and several members of the Committee. The Spanish Prime Minister was accompanied by Mr. Javier Solana, Minister for Culture and government spokesman. The Secretary General of the League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Mr. Pär Stenbäck, and the President of the Spanish Red Cross, Mr. Leocadio Marín, also attended.

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"The President of the Eastern Republic of Uruguay at the ICRC." International Review of the Red Cross 28, no. 263 (April 1988): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400061672.

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Mr. Julio Maria Sanguinetti, President of the Eastern Republic of Uruguay, visited the headquarters of the International Committee of the Red Cross on 16 March 1988.He was received by the ICRC President, Mr. Cornelio Sommaruga, together with several members of the Committee and other senior ICRC staff. Mr. Pär Stenbäck, Secretary General of the League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, was also present.

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"A new Member of the ICRC." International Review of the Red Cross 25, no. 246 (June 1985): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400024554.

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"The ICRC and internally displaced persons." International Review of the Red Cross 35, no. 305 (April 1995): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400090598.

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According to the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and the 1977 Protocols additional thereto, the mandate of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) applies in both international and noninternational armed conflict situations. The States party to the Geneva Conventions have also recognized the ICRC's right to propose activities in behalf of victims of internal strife, by adopting the Statutes of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (Article 5, para. 2d, of the Statutes).

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