Academic literature on the topic 'International customs law'

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Journal articles on the topic "International customs law"

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Huseynov, Magsad. "Beynəlxalq adət: anlayışı və xüsusiyyətləri". Azerbaijan Law Journal 24, № 3 (2024): 70–78. https://doi.org/10.61638/hdck5515.

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This article is dedicated to the issues of understanding international customs as a source of law. The author analyzes international customs and identifies the features that distinguish them from other sources of law. The article examines the place of international customs among the sources of international law and explores the role of subjects of international law in the formation and development of international customs. Special attention is paid to the characteristics that must be considered when defining the concept of international custom. The author outlines the main features characteris
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Romashev, Yuriy. "The Law of International Customs in the International Law." Law. Journal of the Higher School of Economics, no. 3 (October 1, 2016): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2072-8166.2016.3.103.112.

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Guliyev, Khagani. "Local Custom in International Law." International Community Law Review 19, no. 1 (2017): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18719732-12341347.

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The present paper examines the particular difficulties observed in the formation, identification and continuity of local custom in the light of the interaction that exists between it and two main sources of international law: general custom and treaty. The article firstly argues that, although local custom presents certain features and faces specific difficulties that distinguishes it from both general custom and treaty, it generally follows the “custom logic” in its formation and identification, as both local and general customs are made from the same “ingredients”: practice and opinio juris.
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Tykhomyrova, Galyna, and Viktor Fesenko. "Regarding the peculiarities of the formation of international legal customs." Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu. Serìâ: Pravo 12, no. 22 (2021): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-3047-2021-12-22-68-75.

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The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the formation of international legal customs in modern international law. The growing role of contractual relations has not been able to transform customary law into exclusively contractual law. The existing system of international law could not be imagined without international custom for several reasons: first, various branches and institutions in modern international law partially or even completely consist of customary norms, and secondly, in those areas where treaty regulation is impossible for various reasons, more and more new norms of cust
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Ovchinniko, Sergey. "International Customs Law and Environment Protection." Asian Journal of Applied Sciences 7, no. 7 (2014): 581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajaps.2014.581.588.

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Shumba, Willie. "Customs Obligations under International Law: Engagement With Stakeholders." Global Trade and Customs Journal 20, Issue 7/8 (2025): 563–70. https://doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2025088.

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The relationship between Customs and business has increasingly become topical over recent years. Customs has progressively come to regard its clients as business partners to collaborate with, and not as adversaries. This is a major shift in the way Customs conducts business and this has resulted in a better working relationship between the two sides. The modern approach of engagement between Customs and stakeholders conforms to international law and is considered as international best practice. This partnership is evident with the various Customs administrations across the globe. This article
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Al Hail, Muhammad. "Custom as a legislative Source and its Impact within the Framework of Islamic Law and Statutory Law." Arab German Journal of Sharia and Law Sciences 2, no. 2 (2024): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51344/agjslsv2i25.

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This research aims to shed light on customs as a legislative source in both Islamic and statutory law. Customs are considered one of the legislative sources under the provisions of Islamic Sharia and statutory law, and they have an impact on both, in addition to the authority they hold as evidence. The research examines the advantages, pillars, and effects of customs. Islamic scholars have paid significant attention to customs, setting regulations for them, and considering them a legitimate source as long as they do not contradict a definitive text or legitimate evidence. Customs have also inf
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Myakinchenko, S. S. "Custom as a Source of Russian Civil Law." Russian Law Online, no. 1 (July 26, 2024): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2542-2472.2024.29.1.033-039.

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In this paper, the author explores the historical significance and complexity of legal customs in the formation of legal systems. The paper analyzes the evolution of a custom from the primary sources of law in ancient societies to its modern status, where their role, although important, is subject to certain limitations, is analyzed.The paper highlights the understanding and application of the term «custom» in the context of modern civil legislation of the Russian Federation with an emphasis on the changes that occurred after the legislative reform of 2012. The study examines various fields of a
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Drygina, A. A. "Human Rights: The Role of International Custom in Regulating the Use of Non-Lethal Weapons." Moscow Journal of International Law, no. 2 (July 21, 2025): 113–32. https://doi.org/10.24833/0869-0049-2025-2-113-132.

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INTRODUCTION. If in wartime the use of non-lethal weapons as a means of warfare is regulated by conventions and customs, in the context of law enforcement, the requirements related to these kinds of weapons are mainly reflected in acts of "soft law" (standards, recommendations, guidelines). Often, due to the “soft” nature of these norms, they do not provide adequate legal regulation for non-lethal weapons, while human rights organisations have repeatedly pointed out that the use of non-lethal weapons in law enforcement can be indiscriminate and lethal. The question arises: are there mandatory
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Lasinski-Sulecki, Krzysztof. "Is Soft Law Making Hard Law Too Hard?" Global Trade and Customs Journal 17, Issue 4 (2022): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2022022.

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Soft laws are created for many reasons to serve various purposes. This article focuses on acts of soft law that are adopted to facilitate the process of applying hard law (or complying with it) and to standardize the understanding of international agreements. In the field of customs law, one can point, for instance, to opinions adopted by the World Customs Organisation. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (the OECD) Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations and the Commentary to the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capita
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "International customs law"

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Muthee, Karen Wangu. "The effect of the East African community integration process on informal cross-border trade (ICBT) : an analysis of the Customs Union Protocol." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19787.

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Informal cross border trade (ICBT) includes imports and exports that are traded across borders informally by escaping the normal border procedures like customs clearance. As a consequence of the said informality, ICBT is viewed as illegal cross border activities. Despite the fact that it is not possible to give the accurate extent of ICBT in the East African Community (EAC), it continues to grow by the day and has contributed significantly to economic and sustainable growth. It therefore has the potential to support the ongoing initiatives on poverty reduction and raise the standards of living
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Muller, Michaël. "La normativité et le contentieux des règles générales du droit international en droit interne : une étude comparative en droit allemand, autrichien et français." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010330/document.

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C'est à partir de 1918 que les États d'Europe continentale, à commencer par ceux de langue allemande, introduisent dans leurs nouvelles constitutions nationales la maxime d'origine anglo-américaine « [international law is] part of the law of the land », valable en matière de droit international coutumier (formulation William Blackstone, 1769). Sur un tel fondement, les règles générales du droit international se transforment désormais de manière générale et permanente en droit interne, nonobstant toute procédure effectuée par les organes étatiques (on parlera de « transformation ipso iure » La
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Djargollo, Jairus. "La réforme des administrations douanières : le cas du Tchad." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ0010.

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Cette thèse est consacrée à l’étude de la Réforme des administrations douanières pouvant se situer dans un contexte général, mais en s’affirmant tout de même sur un cas assez spécifique, concernant l’administration des douanes tchadiennes. C’est pourquoi, elle est intitulée : La Réforme des Administrations Douanières : Le Cas du Tchad.Les administrations des douanes à travers le monde, sont obligées de conduire des réformes, compte tenu de la mondialisation des échanges qui impose les principes de libre échange. C’est un combat en fait, engagé contre toute sorte des barrières douanières qui on
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Warnasuriya, Chathura. "Minimising litigation on presentation of documents under letters of credit : an alternative approach to the uniform customs and practice for documentary credits." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/15662.

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It is a well-known fact that international trade contracts bear inherently more risk than the trade contracts entered by the parties from the same country. This is due to the differences in business methods and practices used, trade cultures of the parties involved, laws and regulations in the respective jurisdictions. Under these circumstances, it is very important for the seller to have the assurance of that he receives the payment for the goods dispatched and for the buyer to receive the goods what has been ordered. One effective way of having such an assurance is to rely on a letter of cre
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Ramanauskaitė, Eglė. "Tarptautinės prekybos grandinės saugumo užtikrinimo būdai ir priemonės." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080121_103841-29060.

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Pastaraisiais dešimtmečiais pastebimas nepaprastai spartus pasaulinės prekybos augimas, viršijantis gamybos augimą. Lygiagrečiai su minėtu prekybos augimu, didėja ir nelegalios prekybos, terorizmo, ginklų, pavojingų medžiagų įvežimo grėsmės, kurios įgauna vis intelektualesnes ir išradingesnes formas bei būdus. Šiai temai atskleisti buvo atlikta tarptautinio prekybos saugumo užtikrinimo teisinių dokumentų, programinių dokumentų, Lietuvos bei užsienio literatūros, analizė. Išnagrinėjus muitinės ir ūkio subjektų veiklos teisinį reglamentavimą tarptautinės prekybos saugumui užtikrinti, pateikti ši
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Rossouw, Mandi. "The harmonisation of rules on the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in the southern African customs union." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2281_1380785721.

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<p>The Member States of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) have set as their objectives, amongst others, the facilitation of cross-border movement of goods between the territories of the Member States and the promotion of the integration of Member States into the global economy through enhanced trade and investment. Different approaches to the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments by Member States and the risk of non-enforcement may lead to legal uncertainty and increased transaction cost for prospective traders, which ultimately act as non-tariff barriers to trade in the reg
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CEOLOTTO, MATTEO. "LE SANZIONI DOGANALI TRA ORDINAMENTO INTERNAZIONALE E DIRITTO DELL'UNIONE EUROPEA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/67354.

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La tesi di dottorato esamina il tema della regolamentazione delle infrazioni alla disciplina doganale dell’Unione europea e delle relative sanzioni. La prima parte della tesi descrive le tappe rilevanti nel passaggio dall’unificazione tariffaria alla codificazione della legislazione doganale dell’Unione. Successivamente, è trattato il tema della compenetrazione tra potestà normativa dell’UE e residui ambiti di sovranità degli Stati membri in materia doganale, anche in riferimento al ruolo attualmente ricoperto dai principi generali del diritto, in particolare, per l’esercizio delle prerogative
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CEOLOTTO, MATTEO. "LE SANZIONI DOGANALI TRA ORDINAMENTO INTERNAZIONALE E DIRITTO DELL'UNIONE EUROPEA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/67354.

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La tesi di dottorato esamina il tema della regolamentazione delle infrazioni alla disciplina doganale dell’Unione europea e delle relative sanzioni. La prima parte della tesi descrive le tappe rilevanti nel passaggio dall’unificazione tariffaria alla codificazione della legislazione doganale dell’Unione. Successivamente, è trattato il tema della compenetrazione tra potestà normativa dell’UE e residui ambiti di sovranità degli Stati membri in materia doganale, anche in riferimento al ruolo attualmente ricoperto dai principi generali del diritto, in particolare, per l’esercizio delle prerogative
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Zhuo, Jing. "Intangible cultural heritage in the People's Republic of China : the example of the Miao nationality." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2291554.

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Денисенко, Сергій Іванович, Сергей Иванович Денисенко та Sergii I. Denisenko. "Міжнародно-правові стандарти спрощення та гармонізації митних процедур у сфері міжнародної торгівлі". Thesis, Одеса, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11300/1966.

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Денисенко С. І. Міжнародно-правові стандарти спрощення та гармонізації митних процедур у сфері міжнародної торгівлі : дис. ... к.ю.н. : 12.00.11 / Денисенко Сергій Іванович. - Одеса, 2015. - 287 арк.<br>Дисертацію присвячено комплексному дослідженню особливостей міжнародних стандартів у сфері спрощення та гармонізації митних процедур у зовнішньоторговельній діяльності. Досліджено питання сутності митних процедур та їх складових частин, особливості джерел, принципів, суб’єктів спрощення та гармонізації національних митних процедур у цій сфері. Розглянуто спрощення та гармонізацію національни
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Books on the topic "International customs law"

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Association, New York County Lawyers'. Handbook on customs & international trade law. 2nd ed. Oceana Publications, 1996.

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Institute, Practising Law, ed. Import practice: Customs and international trade law. Practising Law Institute, 1985.

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P, Stewart Terence, and Practising Law Institute, eds. Export practice: Customs and international trade law. Practising Law Institute, 1994.

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Serko, David. Import practice: Customs and international trade law. 2nd ed. Practising Law Institute, 1991.

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P, Stewart Terence, and Practising Law Institute, eds. Export practice: Customs and international trade law. Practising Law Institute, 1998.

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Ruchkina, Gul'nara, Diana Alekseeva, Vasil'evna Alina, et al. International economic law. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2024. https://doi.org/10.12737/2084103.

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The structure of the textbook is determined by the authors' desire to consistently reveal the formation and development of international economic law: from financial and economic regulation at the national level to its transition to the interstate level, from classical settlement relations to cryptocurrency. The general part examines the conceptual features of international economic law (including issues of international economic integration, as well as the specifics of resolving economic disputes). In a special part, international trade, contract, financial, investment, tax, bankruptcy, custo
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Feller, Peter Buck. U.S. customs and international trade guide. 2nd ed. Lexis Publishing, 2000.

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Feller, Peter Buck. U.S. customs and international trade guide. 2nd ed. LexisNexis Matthew Bender, 2003.

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Feller, Peter Buck. U.S. customs and international trade guide. 2nd ed. LEXIS Pub., 2000.

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Danquah, Kofi. Indirect taxation: International customs regimes, laws and procedures. Sakoa Press, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "International customs law"

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Popper, Andreas. "Branding, Regulation and Customs in Japan and Singapore." In International Food Law and Policy. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07542-6_50.

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Adinolfi, Giovanna. "Customs Obstacles to Relief Consignments Under International Disaster Response Law." In International Disaster Response Law. T. M. C. Asser Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-882-8_22.

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Weerth, Carsten. "Recent Developments in the World Customs Organization." In European Yearbook of International Economic Law 2016. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29215-1_34.

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Petrenko, Alexey, Anatoly Kutyshenko, and Victor Tutelyan. "Food Regulation in the Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia." In International Food Law and Policy. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07542-6_53.

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QC, Timothy Lyons. "The Interaction of Customs and Non-tariff Barriers." In European Yearbook of International Economic Law 2015. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46748-0_2.

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Wolffgang, Hans-Michael, and Christopher Dallimore. "The Valuation of Goods for Customs Purposes." In European Yearbook of International Economic Law (EYIEL), Vol. 4 (2013). Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33917-2_15.

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Crema, Luigi. "The “Right Mix” and “Ambiguities” in Particular Customs: A Few Remarks on the Navigational and Related Rights Case." In International Courts and the Development of International Law. T. M. C. Asser Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-894-1_6.

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Wolffgang, Hans-Michael, and Christopher Dallimore. "The World Customs Organization and its Role in the System of World Trade: An Overview." In European Yearbook of International Economic Law (EYIEL), Vol. 3 (2012). Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23309-8_19.

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BALLREICH, HANS. "CUSTOMS LAW, INTERNATIONAL." In Digital Communications. Elsevier, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-87911-0.50038-6.

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Lyons QC, Timothy. "International Arrangements and Agreements." In EU Customs Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198784029.003.0006.

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In the previous two chapters we have looked at the basic sources of customs law created autonomously by the EU which are central to the customs union. We now turn to those sources of customs law which have been established or negotiated by the EU to govern its relationship with third countries—arrangements, agreements, and conventions which, as well as being concerned with customs law, implement the EU’s external relations policy, particularly in relation to trade and development.
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Conference papers on the topic "International customs law"

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Colosi, Christopher, Matthew Parsons, Pieter Einthoven, Erik Kocher, and Bryan Carrothers. "ADS-33 Evaluation of the International CH-47 Chinook." In Vertical Flight Society 71st Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0071-2015-10170.

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The DAFCS (Digital Automatic Flight Control System) equipped CH‐47 Chinook has been successfully deployed for the US Army and numerous international customers. Several of those international customers contracted with Boeing for ADS‐33 evaluations of the handling qualities of the aircraft including both the predicted and assigned (i.e. the Mission Task Elements) handling qualities. This paper covers the tailoring of ADS‐33 for the Chinook helicopter, the conduct of ADS‐33 testing and the results of the ADS‐33 testing. The primary focus of this paper will be centered on the Canadian long‐range C
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Antonović, Ratomir. "CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW." In Tradicija, krivično i međunarodno krivično pravo. Srpsko udruženje za međunarodno krivično pravo, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/tkmkp24.380a.

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A question of great legal importance, both in national and international legislation, is how and in what way interpersonal relations were regulated within ancient and primitive human com- munities before the emergence of modern law and legal regulations. There has always been a need to regulate interpersonal relations and to set certain rules that would have a binding character in relation to community members. For this purpose, customs played a role, cre- ated under the great influence of morality and tradition, religion and religious dogmas, certain superstitious and primitive principles and
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"THE PROTECTIVE FUNCTION OF INTERNATIONAL CUSTOMS LAW IN MODERN REALITIES." In Russian science: actual researches and developments. Samara State University of Economics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/russian.science-2020.03-2-475/477.

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Tofiq, Hardi. "Documentary credit between international rules and norms and Iraqi trade law." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DEFICIENCIES AND INFLATION ASPECTS IN LEGISLATION. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicdial.pp164-180.

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The difference in the countries to which both the seller and the buyer belong in the commercial exchanges has increased the discrepancy in the laws and rules that govern the conduct of the most important banking count approved for the settlement of such exchanges, which is the documentary credit process, as a result of the different economic, banking and financial systems from the other, so there was a need to unify These customs and customs are in a unified form, which is called today the unified rules and customs of documentary credit, which are applied to the conduct of documentary credit c
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Cakoci, Karin. "New Challenges and Perspectives in Customs Law." In XVI International Scientific Conference "The Optimization of Organization and Legal Solutions concerning Public Revenues and Expenditures in Social Interest". Temida 2, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/oolscprepi.2018.45.

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Tatar, Olga. "The main problems of international succession law." In Statul, securitatea şi drepturile omului în era digitală. Moldova State University, 2024. https://doi.org/10.59295/ssdoed2024.17.

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International inheritance law is a set of norms regulating hereditary relations, which are directly related to the legal order of several states. Inheritance relations are a very “conservative” sphere of civil turnover, connected with moral ideas, family customs and established traditions in society. In such countries as: the USA, Canada, Australia, inheritance does not matter, but the liquidation of the property of the testator, which is carried out in the form of a separate procedure and under the direct control of the court. Upon completion of the personal administration procedure, the rema
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Gută, Mădălina-Gabriela. "The Place of Custom in French and Tunisian Law." In 10th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2024. https://doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2024.777.

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At first solitary, Homo sapiens soon realized that to survive it had to work with others. This collaboration took the form of human communities based on common interests and values. However, for society to function and develop well, in addition to a system of shared values, there must be a set of rules to guide the behaviour of community members, especially as self-interest can sometimes take precedence over the general interest. The creation of customs- unwritten rules that arise from repeated and accepted practices within the community, has not only ensured that the members of the community
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Levada, Valeriy, Illya Tolmachov, Olena Levada, and Andrii Galkin. "Improving the efficiency of international supply chains via optimizing the functioning of customs terminals." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2019.083.

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Purpose – improving the efficiency of international supply chains via optimizing the functioning of customs terminals. Research methodology – analysis of the performance of customs terminals. Findings – simplification of customs control and customs clearance through the application of electronic customs (e-customs) declarations; brings customs procedures in Ukraine closer to European and world standards and significantly facilitates the work of law-abiding foreign economic entities. Research limitations – today, Ukraine’s customs legislation makes it possible to use electronic declarations (e-
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Karluk, S. Rıdvan. "Eurasian Customs Union and Turkey’s Membership." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01343.

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Leaders of Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan which are the countries of disintegrated Soviet Union signed an agreement in order to establish a Union named Eurasian Economic Union on the date of 29 May 2014. With this attempt Russia wants to protect its former penetration on former Soviet geography by providing economic integration. Positive messages upon the membership of Turkey to Eurasia Economic Union were given at Eurasia Economic Union meeting which was held in Ankara in January mid-2015 and hosted by Andrey Karlov, Ambassador of Russia. Nursultan Nazarbayev, who is the pioneer of this idea
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Vlasov, Dmitry. "SYNERGY OF THE BUSINESS COMMUNITY ELECTRONIC PLATFORM FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY PARTICIPANTS AND UNIFIED AUTOMATED INFORMATION SYSTEM OF CUSTOMS SERVICES (UAIS) AS A BREAKTHROUGH TECHNOLOGY FOR RUSSIAN TRANSIT POTENTIAL GROWING AND STRENGTHENING COOPERATION IN THE INTERNATIONAL MARKET." In Globalistics-2020: Global issues and the future of humankind. Interregional Social Organization for Assistance of Studying and Promotion the Scientific Heritage of N.D. Kondratieff / ISOASPSH of N.D. Kondratieff, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46865/978-5-901640-33-3-2020-128-138.

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The implementation of communication identification tools in form of comprehensive triple toolkit as part of the “transparent international transport green corridor” will significantly simplify and accelerate the rate of passage and movement for transit foreign trade cargo flows. It will help law-abiding business community as foreign trade participants to follow the customs legislation within the customs territory of the EAEU, as well as to follow the level and quality of customs control at border checkpoints and within the route of goods along the entire transport corridor. The innovations wil
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Reports on the topic "International customs law"

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Lewis, Dustin, Gabriella Blum, and Naz Modirzadeh. Indefinite War: Unsettled International Law on the End of Armed Conflict. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/yrjv6070.

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Can we say, definitively, when an armed conflict no longer exists under international law? The short, unsatisfying answer is sometimes: it is clear when some conflicts terminate as a matter of international law, but a decisive determination eludes many others. The lack of fully-settled guidance often matters significantly. That is because international law tolerates, for the most part, far less violent harm, devastation, and suppression in situations other than armed conflicts. Thus, certain measures governed by the laws and customs of war—including killing and capturing the enemy, destroying
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Reyes Díaz, Carlos Humberto. Working Paper PUEAA No. 8. CPTPP. Legal Trends. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Programa Universitario de Estudios sobre Asia y África, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/pueaa.006r.2022.

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Free trade areas (and customs unions) were established in a multilateral level since in Article XXIV of the GATT, and that is the legal minimum from which preferential trade agreements are now built. Some say CPTPP is part of a new generation of Free Trade Agreements because it goes deeper in the integration process. The CPTPP Agreement is a 584-page treaty, a very extensive legal instrument with 30 chapters, so when we talk about legal trends it refers to all 30 chapters at first. But it’s not the idea to explain every chapter in this text, not even just the dispute mechanisms, but the legal
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Bonzi Teixeira, Augusto, Eric Fernando Boeck Daza, Michelle Carvalho Metanias Hallack, Virginia Snyder, Arturo Daniel Alarcon Rodriguez, and Leopoldo Montanez. Electrokit: Power Utility Toolkit-The Overview: Best Practices in Electric Power Distribution Companies in the Latin America and Caribbean Region. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003764.

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The Electrokit is an initiative created by the IDB to strengthen transformation and continuous improvement of electric utilities in the LAC region. It follows international standards that characterize and evaluate utilities based on indicators and best practices. The Electrokit is organized in 16 activities that are common to most electricity utilities. The aim of the toolkit is to provide power utilities, policy and decision-makers access to best practices, current trends, and expertise to: (i) identify challenges, develop a strategy and action plan for addressing them; and (ii) support utili
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Kira, Beatriz, Rutendo Tavengerwei, and Valary Mumbo. Points à examiner à l'approche des négociations de Phase II de la ZLECAf: enjeux de la politique commerciale numérique dans quatre pays d'Afrique subsaharienne. Digital Pathways at Oxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2022/01.

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Realities such as the COVID-19 pandemic have expedited the move to online operations, highlighting the undeniable fact that the world is continuing to go digital. This emphasises the need for policymakers to regulate in a manner that allows them to harness digital trade benefits while also avoiding associated risk. However, given that digital trade remains unco-ordinated globally, with countries adopting different approaches to policy issues, national regulatory divergence on the matter continues, placing limits on the benefits that countries can obtain from digital trade. Given these disparit
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Frish. PR-319-084511-R01 Advanced Development of Proactive Infrasonic Gas Pipeline Evaluation Network (PIGPEN). Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010816.

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A third party damage prevention warning system must have the following important attributes; the ability to accurately detect excavating activity in dense, noisy and high traffic areas, low maintenance requirements, be relatively easy to install, provide 24/7 coverage, and exhibit a low rate of false alarms. Systems that detect and quickly notify of encroachment or insufficient practices near gas pipelines would enable pipeline operators to take actions to avoid damage incidents. Early warning provides pipeline owners the ability to respond to an intrusion in time to prevent pipeline damage, a
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Nimesh, Vikas, Bhaskar Natarjan, Saddam Hussain, and K. N. Hemanth Kumar. CATALYSING THE MARKET TRANSFORMATION OF ELECTRIC 2-WHEELER INSIGHTS FROM CONSUMERS AND STAKEHOLDERS. Alliance for an Energy Efficient Economy (AEEE), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.62576/aeee2w.

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Electric two-wheelers (E2Ws) are becoming increasingly popular as an eco-friendly mode of transport. They provide a convenient and efficient option for short-distance travel, particularly in urban areas. However, the widespread adoption of E2Ws in India still faces several challenges. In order to address these issues, the Alliance for an Energy Efficient Economy (AEEE) and International Copper Association India (ICA India) have teamed up to identify the key barriers hindering the adoption of electric two-wheelers in the market. The joint research project aims to identify effective pathways for
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Tabakovic, Momir, Stefan Savic, Andreas Türk, et al. Analysis of the Technological Innovation System for BIPV in Austria. Edited by Michiel Van Noord. International Energy Agency Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69766/aocp4683.

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This report analyses the Technological Innovation System (TIS) of Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) in Austria. The study’s scope is consistent with the IEA PVPS Task 15 report [1].The analysis aims to facilitate and support the innovation, development, and implementation of industrial solutions of BIPV technologies. In Austria, the use of BIPV is still a niche application and covers under 2% of all implemented PV systems [1]. BIPV technology in Austria has historically developed with the support of different public financial incentives, national and European. The history of BIPV is som
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Financial Infrastructure Report 2022. Banco de la República, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2022.

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Banco de la República's monitoring of the local financial market infrastructure is an additional contribution to the country's financial stability. One of the products of that monitoring has been the Payment Systems Report, which is now known as the Financial Infrastructure Report. The change in name, as of this edition, is intended to reflect in a broader way the issues that are addressed in the report. The 2022 edition includes several changes that are the result of a comparative study of financial infrastructure reports prepared by other central banks. These changes seek to make the report
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Payment Systems Report - June of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2020.

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With its annual Payment Systems Report, Banco de la República offers a complete overview of the infrastructure of Colombia’s financial market. Each edition of the report has four objectives: 1) to publicize a consolidated account of how the figures for payment infrastructures have evolved with respect to both financial assets and goods and services; 2) to summarize the issues that are being debated internationally and are of interest to the industry that provides payment clearing and settlement services; 3) to offer the public an explanation of the ideas and concepts behind retail-value paymen
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