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Journal articles on the topic 'International trade in marketing services'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Roelfsema, Hein, Christopher Findlay, and Xianjia Ye. "Decomposing International Trade in Commercial Services." Foreign Trade Review 56, no. 3 (2021): 238–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00157325211018890.

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To delve deeper into the rise of trade in commercial services as the most important determinant of the recent increase in digital trade, this article offers a decomposition of international service trade using the latest release of the Inter-Country Input–Output (ICIO) tables. The analysis decomposes international service trade into a split between (a) direct services exports and services embodied in goods, (b) advanced economies and the major emerging markets, and (c) the major commercial services industries. We show that overall direct service exports have become more important relative to s

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2

Akhunova, Shokhista, and Sarvinozkhon Solijonova. "MARKETING STRATEGY OF DIVERSIFICATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE OF TOURIST SERVICES." International Journal Of Management And Economics Fundamental 03, no. 02 (2023): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijmef/volume03issue02-03.

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In the economy based on the market attitude, the promotion of the tourism industry through the effective use of limited resources, the increase of the flow of foreign capital, and the increase of production efficiency are of significant socio-economic importance. The main goal of economic activity is to achieve the final result of tourism product production with low costs and spending resources. Ensuring stable economic growth in the country in the conditions of market relations is inextricably linked with issues of improving service efficiency. The creation of objective conditions for sustain

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3

Zimmerman, Alan. "Effects of Trade Barrier Perception on International Services Trade." Journal of Global Marketing 12, no. 4 (1999): 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j042v12n04_06.

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4

Clark, Terry, Daniel Rajaratnam, and Timothy Smith. "Toward a Theory of International Services: Marketing Intangibles in a World of Nations." Journal of International Marketing 4, no. 2 (1996): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069031x9600400203.

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This article defines and describes international services from the marketing perspective. A classification of four types of international services is proposed, and a theoretical model of one of these (contact-based services) is developed. With a rich literature on the nature of services, marketing scholars are in a strong position to make valuable contributions to the ongoing debate concerning international services, which has until now been dominated by international economists and trade statisticians.

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Jiang, Zekun. "Innovative Marketing Strategies Analysis of Alibaba." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 96, no. 1 (2024): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/96/2024mur0092.

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In the context of a globalized economy, the rapid development of cross-border e-commerce offers businesses unprecedented opportunities for market expansion. However, this expansion process requires enterprises to effectively promote their products and services to attract international buyers and build enough trust to ensure the security and reliability of transactions. As one of the world's largest B2B e-commerce platforms, Alibaba has successfully addressed these challenges through its unique business model and strategy, facilitating global trade. Through a case study, this paper examines the

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Mishchenko, Dmytro, Viktoriia Khurdei, Viktoriia Datsenko, and Tetiana Dronova. "MARKETING MECHANISM IN THE SPHERE OF CUSTOMS SERVICES." Economies' Horizons, no. 2(24) (June 7, 2023): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2616-5236.2(24).2023.279476.

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The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the functioning of the marketing mechanism in the field of customs services. The definition of customs marketing as a management concept in market conditions is given. It is noted that the modern concept of customs services marketing is aimed at solving the problems of economic security and promoting trade through the use of customs tools at the level of international standards. The purpose of customs marketing is to increase the quality and competitiveness of customs administration, to ensure the prerequisites and optimal conditions

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Kuprina, I. V., and E. V. Novikova. "DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE CUSTOMS SERVICES MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ON THE PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING." Economic Science and Humanities 361, no. 2 (2022): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7424-2022-361-2-113-118.

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The issues related to the development of the customs services management system based on the principles of marketing are touched upon. The problems of ensuring security and promoting international trade are being studied. The marketing approach of customs services management is characterized, first of all, as a market-oriented system.

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Wang, Hansheng. "Global Trade Policies and Their Impact on Marketing in The Digital Age." Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 15, no. 3 (2024): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/4qyfgr06.

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With electronic commerce and digital services gradually becoming an important part of international trade, the rapid development of digital technologies has led to significant changes in market structures and business models. The article first outlines the salient features of the digital economy, including the widespread use of big data, cloud computing and artificial intelligence. The article then explores the impact of trade policies on product pricing, firm profitability and market diversity, as well as the way digital technologies are changing marketing strategies. Thanks to big data and a

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Hibner, Jacek. "The Development of an Information Society and Electronic Commerce in the European Union in the Context of Selected Documents of the EU and International Organisations." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 15, no. 1 (2012): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10103-012-0006-x.

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Due to the rapidly growing use of the Internet, the development of electronic commerce (defined by the World Trade Organization as “the production, distribution, marketing, sale or delivery of goods and services by electronic means”1) has become one of the key aspects of today’s sustained growth. It influences productivity, facilitates the international movement of goods and services, and stimulates export and import trade. The European Union, as well as many multinational organisations, is working towards the harmonisation of their rules, and to facilitate and streamline this kind of internat

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Issa, Ibrahim, Emmanuel Munishi, and Kirumirah Mubarack. "CONSTRAINTS TO INTERMEDIARIES’ ROLE IN P R O V I S I O N O F M A R K E T A N D M A R K E T I N G S E R V I C E S F O R U R B A N F R E S H F R U I T S A N D V E G E T A B L E S S U P P L Y C H A I N." Business Education Journal 11, no. 1 (2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54156/cbe.bej.11.1.328.

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Despite the critical role played by intermediaries in marketing services and trade, along with various initiatives undertaken to enhance this role, fresh fruits and vegetables traders in Dar es Salaam-Tanzania are still discontented with the intermediaries’ inability to undertake marketing services roles. This paper examined the constraints to intermediaries’ role in provision of market and marketing services for urban fresh fruits and vegetables supply chain and recommended strategies for improving the same. Qualitative approach was adopted and data were drawn from a purposive sample of 48 re

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Sambuaga, Jerry, and Endah Ayu Ningsih. "SWOT Analysis of Indonesia's Trade in Services in Facing The ASEAN Trade in Services Agreement (ATISA)." Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan 18, no. 2 (2024): 117–40. https://doi.org/10.55981/bilp.2024.7084.

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The liberalization of services within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has been a key focus since the ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services (AFAS) was signed in 1995. This effort reached a new milestone by introducing the ASEAN Trade in Services Agreement (ATiSA) in 2019, which seeks to enhance further the integration and liberalization of the services sector across ASEAN member states (AMS). ATiSA aims to create a stable and predictable environment for service trade by reducing discriminatory regulatory barriers and increasing transparency. This study explores the best strat

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Ostrom, Amy, and Dawn Lacobucci. "Consumer Trade-Offs and the Evaluation of Services." Journal of Marketing 59, no. 1 (1995): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224299505900102.

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The evaluation of services by consumers in terms of service attributes that should have an impact on judgments as well as the nature of the judgments themselves are investigated. A conjoint analysis is used to examine subjects’ utilities for service alternatives that differ in terms of price, level of quality, friendliness of the service personnel, and the degree of customization of the service. The impact on subjects’ utilities was studied in relation to several factors, including the type of service industry being evaluated (i.e., experience or credence services); the criticality of the serv

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West, Harry, Steve Morgan, Deborah Goodall, and Monica Blake. "Book Reviews." Library and Information Research 18, no. 60 (2013): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/lirg438.

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Jack, Meadows. Innovation in information: twenty years of the British Library Research and Development Department   Kinnell, Margaret and MacDougall, Jennifer. Meeting the marketing challenge: strategies for public libraries and leisure services  Baverstock, Alison. Are books different? Marketing in the book trade  Smith, John W T (Editor). Internet world & document delivery world international

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Singh, Jaywant, Paurav Shukla, and Stavros P. Kalafatis. "IT usage for enhancing trade show performance: evidence from the aviation services." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 32, no. 3 (2017): 398–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-11-2014-0245.

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Purpose While trade shows remain an important customer relationship management (CRM) tool, recent advancements in information technology (IT) have raised concerns about the future of trade shows. This study aims to examine the antecedents and consequences of IT integration into trade shows. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a questionnaire-based survey with senior and middle managers in the aviation services, resulting in 135 valid responses from industry professionals. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modelling. Findings The findings demonstrate

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Malkowska, Agnieszka, and Arkadiusz Malkowski. "International Trade in Transport Services between Poland and the European Union." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (2021): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010424.

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The structure of international trade in today’s global economy is undergoing transformation. The increase in the importance of services is a clear trend. In Polish foreign trade with the European Union countries, it is transport services that to the greatest extent create the trade surplus. These services significantly affect the environment, which makes it necessary to take measures aimed at the implementation of the green transport principles. The aim of the study was to provide a detailed description of transport services in Polish foreign trade with European Union (EU) countries and to ass

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Johannesson, Louise, and Hildegunn Kyvik Nordås. "Services Trade: The Great Gender Equaliser?" Foreign Trade Review 56, no. 3 (2021): 341–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00157325211011845.

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Standing at 24% in 2018, India’s female labour force participation is only half of the global average (48%). At the same time, India has one of the widest gender wage gaps in the world and women are less likely to be employed in the formal sector compared to men. This article focuses on how international trade affects relative wages and formal employment between men and women in India. Using the Revealed Symmetrical Comparative Advantage index, sectors of comparative advantage and disadvantage are identified and matched to Indian labour force surveys that contain information on sectoral employ

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17

Lysohor, Ihor, and Oleksandr Bilanenko. "Digital marketing as a determinant of activation of international business processes of trading enterprises." PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF ECONOMIC AND MANAGEMENT, no. 4 (40) (December 30, 2024): 88–99. https://doi.org/10.25140/2411-5215-2024-4(40)-88-99.

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The article examines the peculiarities of using digital marketing to activate international business processes of trade enterprises. It is substantiated that the choice of digital marketing tools depends on the goals and needs of the enterprise, its type of activity, scale and available resources. It was determined that the main purpose of digital marketing is to attract the attention of the target audience, engage them in interaction with the brand, increase awareness of products or services, stimulate sales and provide high-quality customer support. The types of marketing that are most widel

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Dimitrieska, Savica, and Tanja Efremova. "COLORS IN THE INTERNATIONAL MARKETING." Entrepreneurship 9, no. 1 (2021): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/ep.swu.v9i1.7.

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Companies achieve great benefits when they sell products and services abroad. The advantages of International trade are numerous, such as efficient allocation and better utilization of resources, efficiency in production, increased revenues, more employment, higher market share, longer product lifespan, enhanced reputation, etc. Without a thorough marketing research of the foreign (local) market, as well as the understanding of cultural peculiarities, many companies, even the famous ones, are making mistakes that can jeopardize their business. International marketing blunders are related to po

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Obolenska, Tetiana, Olha Yatsenko, Lesia Lyskova, and Ostian Zdenek. "Features of the Development of International Trade in Tourist Services." Economics Ecology Socium 8, no. 3 (2024): 104–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.61954/2616-7107/2024.8.3-9.

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Introduction. The relevance of studying the peculiarities of the development of international trade in tourist services is determined by the significant role of world tourism in the structure of the global economy. In the conditions of a complex international political situation, which is dynamically changing, it is crucial to identify the vectors of the development of the tourism industry to determine the future structure of the macro-regional distribution of tourist flows. Aim and tasks. The purpose of this study is to identify the dominant factors and prospects for the development of intern

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Goyal, Tanu M. "Technology Uncertainty and Incompleteness in Trade Agreements: Reflections from the Design of India’s Bilateral Agreements Covering Services." Foreign Trade Review 56, no. 3 (2021): 322–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732520981511.

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International trade agreements are incomplete contracts. The international environment is non-stationary, and technological progress affects both the nature of services and modes of service delivery. This creates uncertainty about future developments in technology-based services. In the presence of transactions costs and due to limited foresight, it is difficult to specify all contingencies within trade agreements ex ante, resulting in contractual incompleteness. This article investigates the design of India’s services agreements to assess the approach followed while listing the ex ante commit

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Liu, Yuexi, Zhaokai Liang, and Jiangang Zhang. "Generative AI Reshaping International Trade Pattern: How Do Foreign Trade Enterprises Seize Opportunities." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 79, no. 1 (2024): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/79/20241828.

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The year 2023 is the first year of the outbreak of generative artificial intelligence applications, and digital transformation has also become the development trend of international trade today. Digital transformation, driven by the rapid development and adoption of generative AI technologies, has also become the dominant trend of international trade in the contemporary world. Generative AI, exemplified by ChatGPT, a powerful natural language generation model, has attracted global attention and sparked heated discussions about its implications and possibilities in different fields. Generative

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Phillips, Matthew W., and Charles W. Stahl. "International Trade in Higher Education Services in the Asia Pacific Region: Trends and Issues." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 10, no. 2 (2001): 273–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719680101000203.

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The expansion of trade and investment in the global economy since the 1980s has been accompanied by an associated growth in the international trade in education services, particularly higher education. In this paper we provide a detailed analysis of the expansion of higher educational mobility, measured by the burgeoning numbers of tertiary students going abroad to study. In particular, this paper investigates the increasing mobility of students from the Asia Pacific region undertaking study in Western Europe, North America and Australia. The paper argues that increasing international trade in

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23

Kłosiński, Kazimierz. "Miejsce Unii Europejskiej oraz Polski w międzynarodowym obrocie usługami." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 2009, no. 7 (2009): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.59139/ws.2009.07.7.

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The study, based on the World Trade Organisation's statistics, confirms the position of the European Union (27) as a leader in international service turnover and that of Poland as a net service exporter. Furthermore, main export and import directions of EU commercial services as well as the group position in the world export of modern services (legal, accounting, managing, public relations, advertising, marketing survey, public opinion survey, R&D, architectural, engineering) are discussed in the article.

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Boyko, Olena. "Prospects for intensifying the promotion of Ukrainian goods and services on foreign markets by trade diplomacy." Problems of Innovation and Investment Development, no. 26 (September 29, 2021): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33813/2224-1213.26.2021.1.

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The purpose of the article is to analyze the features and effectiveness of Ukraine’s trade diplomacy at the present stage, in particular in the field of promoting domestic goods for services to international markets. The research methodology consists in the use of methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, forecasting, as well as in the use of systemic, activity- based and historical approaches. The scientific novelty is due to the fact that the article presents proposals for solving the problem of enhancing the promotion of Ukrainian goods and services to foreign markets by m

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Zimmerman, Alan. "Impacts of services trade barriers: a study of the insurance industry." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 14, no. 3 (1999): 211–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/08858629910272247.

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Dr., S. Senthil, and S. Kowsalya Dr. "An Analysis on India's Foreign Trade." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 4, no. 3 (2020): 1064–69. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3892857.

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International trade plays an important role in the development of economy as a whole. India is the 19th largest exporter with a share of 1.7 to the total global trade and 10th largest importer with share of 2.65 to the global merchandise trade, according to the WTO ranking for the year 2018. International trade enables the countries to widen the scope of marketing for its output. Exports of goods and services of a nation provide better employment opportunities to the people and higher standard of living of home as well as host countries. Exports lead to increase the efficiency on the national

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Geigenmüller, Anja, and Harriette Bettis‐Outland. "Brand equity in B2B services and consequences for the trade show industry." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 27, no. 6 (2012): 428–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/08858621211251433.

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Herlan, Herlan, Martoyo Martoyo, and Elyta Elyta. "Analysis of the Transformation of Health Services to Support Social and Tourism Balance Amid the Singkawang City Pandemic." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach Research and Science 2, no. 02 (2024): 528–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.59653/ijmars.v2i02.588.

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The Entikong border, as a trade gateway between Indonesia and Malaysia, is a crucial area to analyze regarding the impact of international cooperation in supporting export activities. This research aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the extent to which international cooperation has contributed to export development in the region. Involving a review of bilateral trade agreements, infrastructure development programs, and joint marketing initiatives, this analysis reflects the complex dynamics involving both countries. Infrastructure development cooperation, such as projects in the fiel

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CONRATH, DAVID W. "THE MARKET PLACE: A COMPUTER BASED NETWORK FOR GLOBAL MARKETING." Journal of Enterprising Culture 01, no. 03n04 (1994): 383–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495894000069.

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This paper is the second in a series about the MarketPlace, a computer-based network designed to facilitate the involvement of small and medium sized businesses in international trade. The MarketPlace provides a means for identifying and contacting people with whom one would like to do business. Using the system’s software and database a firm could specify requirements or state its capabilities, negotiate contracts and obtain support services (e.g. arranging shipping, customs clearance and financing) that would enable them to undertake trade that would otherwise seem out of reach. The first pa

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Zadorozhnyi, Zenovii-Mykhaylo, Volodymyr Muravskyi, Nataliya Pochynok, and Uliana Ivasechko. "Application of the Internet of Things and 6G Cellular Communication to Optimize Accounting and International Marketing." Virtual Economics 6, no. 1 (2023): 38–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34021/ve.2023.06.01(3).

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Digitalization of marketing forms preconditions for personalization and individualization of advertising promotion of goods (works, services). Databases about consumer preferences and market situation are at the disposal of major international corporations, which makes it difficult for advertisers and admen. It is envisaged that the development of technologies of the Internet of Things (IoT) and 6G cellular communication should change the situation in the field of processing and using information for accounting, management and marketing purposes. The purpose of the scientific research lies in

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Patterson, Paul. "Bringing a Client Focus to International Marketing: A Change Management Case Study." Journal of Management & Organization 6, no. 2 (2000): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200005411.

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AbstractConsumers the world over are becoming more homogeneous thanks to the unifying forces of travel, media, technology, information transfer and the like. Furthermore, today customers have higher expectations than ever before regarding the quality of service they should receive from a wide range of service organisations (professional as well as non-professional). As customers are increasingly exposed to world best practice in a wide range of service industries, expectations spiral upwards. Slow, discourteous, unresponsive and unprofessional service will no longer be tolerated - but especial

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Patterson, Paul. "Bringing a Client Focus to International Marketing: A Change Management Case Study." Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management 6, no. 2 (2000): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2000.6.2.44.

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AbstractConsumers the world over are becoming more homogeneous thanks to the unifying forces of travel, media, technology, information transfer and the like. Furthermore, today customers have higher expectations than ever before regarding the quality of service they should receive from a wide range of service organisations (professional as well as non-professional). As customers are increasingly exposed to world best practice in a wide range of service industries, expectations spiral upwards. Slow, discourteous, unresponsive and unprofessional service will no longer be tolerated - but especial

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Dekhtyar, Nadiya, Oksana Mazorenko, and Maksym Serpukhov. "Estimation of Ukraine’s foreign trade structure in order to determine the areas of export potential." Innovative Marketing 14, no. 3 (2018): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.14(3).2018.04.

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Now there is no single approach to the planning of normative indicators of the foreign trade structure and the optimization of foreign economic operations, including marketing mix, which consider the priorities of socio-economic development of the territories acting as the global market agents. The work proposes an expanded method for using the Grubel-Lloyd and Horvath indices when assessing the level of inter-industry trade, which will determine the priority fields of international cooperation in the process of developing a foreign economic strategy both at the state level and for an individu

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Riyanto, Slamet, Satrio Sudarso, and Sumardi Sumardi. "International Market Development Strategy in Companies." International Journal of Management Science and Information Technology 4, no. 1 (2024): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35870/ijmsit.v4i1.2682.

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In the era of globalization, international market development is an important strategy for companies that want to expand their business reach and increase their competitiveness in the global market. This article discusses various strategies that companies can implement in developing international markets, from market research to technological innovation. Comprehensive market research, SWOT analysis, and a deep understanding of local consumer preferences are crucial first steps. In addition, customization of products and services, strategic alliances with local companies, and segmented marketin

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Pratama, Rinanda Bagus Anarta. "PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM UMKM INTERNASIONAL UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT BERDASARKAN KEADILAN SOSIAL." Legal Standing : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 8, no. 1 (2023): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24269/ls.v8i1.7392.

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One of the efforts that can realize the welfare of the people is to increase the competitiveness of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to be able to develop in global competition. This research aims to find out the potential and problems of MSME development and to find out the legal protection for MSMEs implementing international trade in the context of improving people's welfare based on social justice. This type of research is normative juridical with a statutory approach, conceptual approach, and historical approach. The results of this study indicate that the potential in the deve

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Johnson, Madeline, and Betsy D. Gelb. "Cyber-Libel: Policy Trade-Offs." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 21, no. 1 (2002): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jppm.21.1.152.17598.

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The laws that limit the publication of false but harmful statements about goods, services, or the companies that produce them do not extend to Internet service providers in the same way they do to older media. Companies therefore are vulnerable to negative communication from sources whose anonymity provides the heart of a legal dilemma: freedom of expression and privacy versus the right to damages when libeled. This dilemma leads the authors to suggest public policy and corporate policy remedies.

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PUZYROVA, P.V., N.O. KHMELEVSKIY, and S. MAMMADOVA. "Main aspects of international marketing activities of export companies." Market Relations Development in Ukraine №7-8(254-255)2022 152 (November 15, 2022): 124–31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7323421.

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The subject of the research is the theoretical and practical aspects of determining the international marketing activities of export enterprises. The aim of the research is to determine the essence of the organization of marketing activities of exporting enterprises and find effective ways to overcome the problems of marketing support for export enterprises in Ukraine. Research methods. When writing the article, a system of scientific research methods was used, namely: analysis and synthesis; complex analysis; comparative and economic analysis. Results of the investigation. As a result of writ

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Gusain, M., Zafar Sultan, C. Singh, and N. Bisht. "Potential of marketing medicinal plants in Uttarakhand." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 16, no. 3 (2009): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2009-1jar9h.

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There is a large population all over the world who are dependent on medicinal plants for their primary healthcare needs. According to WHO, the international market of herbal products is estimated to be of the tune of US $62 billion which is poised to grow to US $5 trillion by the year 2050. The share of India is less than 1% in the world medicinal plant trade. Uttarakhand with its unique geographical location and rich heritage of traditional use of medicinal plants promises a good future, thus moving towards the ambitious goal of becoming a herbal state. There exists established markets in the

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Cruz Roche, Ignacio, Jaime Romero, and Ricardo Sellers-Rubio. "Retail services efficiency: impact of country-specific factors." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 47, no. 8 (2019): 774–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-12-2018-0275.

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Purpose Efficiency in retailing companies is mandatory for survival. Literature acknowledges external factors impact on efficiency. However, this impact remains understudied, as previous research typically focuses on managerial decisions. The purpose of this paper is to partially fill this gap by exploring the influence of external factors on retailers’ efficiency. Design/methodology/approach This research simultaneously measures retail efficiency and evaluates the impact of six potential drivers by applying bootstrap techniques in a sample of 25 European Union countries during the period 2006

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Håkanson, Lars. "The role of psychic distance in international trade: a longitudinal analysis." International Marketing Review 31, no. 3 (2014): 210–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-04-2013-0079.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the importance to international trade of impediments related to, first, geographic distance, such as freight and other costs related to the movement of physical goods, and second, “psychic distance”, such as the costs and difficulties of transferring and interpreting the information necessary to effect international transactions. Design/methodology/approach – The paper highlights that psychic distance perceptions between countries are not symmetric and that both exporters’ and importers’ perceptions are important. The empirical analysis covers

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TSURSKA, Bogdana. "CHANGES IN THE FORMAT OF RETAIL ENTERPRISES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF FACTORS OF THE MACRO-MARKETING ENVIRONMENT." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Economic sciences 312, no. 6(2) (2022): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2022-312-6(2)-27.

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The article analyzes the interpretation of the definitions of “retail” and “network retail” in the works of Ukrainian and foreign scientists. These concepts have been clarified in accordance with the objectivity and scaling of commercial activity. The author’s definitions of these concepts are formulated: “retail is a type of commercial activity that represents the retail sale of goods (including accompanying services) to individuals and legal entities for personal consumption or use, not related to business activity, through store trade facilities with significant visitor traffic”; “network r

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De Klerk, S., and J. Kroon. "E-commerce adoption in South African businesses." South African Journal of Business Management 36, no. 1 (2005): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v36i1.618.

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The modern economy is an ever-changing environment and businesses need to adapt to maintain competitive advantages and secure profits. Trade and communication barriers have faded leading to a more global and international environment. Technological advances, such as computer innovation and networks, changed the face of economic trade and play an important role in the global and electronic marketplace. Electronic commerce (e-commerce) is a low-cost way of conducting economic activities, as well as, building global business partnerships to interchange information through interconnected networks.

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R, Yashoda, and Dr Sunitha R. "Consumer awareness of digital media marketing in india." Journal of Management and Science 11, no. 1 (2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.11.1.

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The Industrial Revolution and the development in the International Trade and Commerce, Communication and Information Technology have led to the vast expansion of business and trade. As a result, variety of consumer goods have appeared in the market to cater to the needs of the consumers and a host of services have been made available to the consumers like Insurance, Transport, Electricity, Housing, Entertainment, Finance, Banking and the like. The market is becoming more and more complicated today. Technological Development, intensive marketing strategies, entry of multinational corporations,

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Mifsud, Paul V. "Metal Neutrality and the Nation-Bound Airline Industry." Air and Space Law 36, Issue 2 (2011): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2011016.

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The system of trade in international aviation services is a product of post-World War II economic nationalism. It has resulted in an international airline industry in which international airlines are effectively 'nation-bound', because their operations all must begin and end in their home countries. The growth of branded global alliances and the evolution of US and European aviation policies are accelerating rapidly. As part of its deregulation policy, the US has used the possibility for antitrust immunity (ATI) for cooperative marketing arrangements with national carriers that accept Open Ski

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Wei, Tongxin. "An Empirical Analysis of the Factors Affecting China’s Cross- Border E-Commerce Exports to RCEP Member Countries - Based on the Expanded Trade Gravity Model." SHS Web of Conferences 200 (2024): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202420001022.

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Exports of goods can now be facilitated across international borders through RCEP. China’s cross-border e-commerce exports to RCEP countries are examined in a panel study. This study examines how economy scale, geographical distance, openness to trade, and Internet technology level impact Chinese e-commerce exports across borders. Consequently, Chinese cross-border e-commerce exporters are advised to develop differentiated export strategies so as to improve export efforts, increase online marketing and promotion in low- and middle-income countries, and provide high-quality products and service

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Bekteshi, Xhelil, and Sevdie Alshiqi. "Marketing Strategy as Driving Force of Export Performance Small and Medium Enterprises." Journal of information and organizational sciences 47, no. 2 (2023): 271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31341/jios.47.2.2.

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Kosovo’s private sector business is led by small and medium enterprises and shows acrucial role in the economic development and promoting the growth of this sector. Dueto the lack of studies in Kosova, related to marketing strategy and export performance,the research aims to explore growth determinants of SMEs in Kosovo by emphasizingexports, revealing the importance of marketing strategy related to the performance ofSMEs. Since exporting is becoming more important, it is necessary to understand allthe factors that are involved in this booming trade. This research analyses explore theliteratur

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Bocharova, Yu H., T. V. Kozhuhova, O. V. Ishchenko, and O. O. Mashoshyn. "TARIFF REGULATION OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN THE XXI CENTURY." TRADE AND MARKET OF UKRAINE, no. 2(54) 2023 (December 30, 2023): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33274/2079-4762-2023-54-2-7-17.

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Objective. The objective of our study is to analyse the status and peculiarities of tariff regulation of international trade in the XXI century. Methods. The following methods and techniques of cognition were used in the research process: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction (to substantiate the importance and role of tariff regulation of international and foreign trade in the XXI century, to identify factors influencing the development of international trade), generalisation and systematisation (to substantiate the state and peculiarities of the development of tariff regulation of

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CANNADY, CYNTHIA. "North–South trade in intellectual property: can it be fair?" World Trade Review 3, no. 2 (2004): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745604001843.

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For many developing countries trading in intellectual property has been a spectator sport. Active play in the high stakes game of ‘trading in knowledge’ has been for a few wealthy countries whose institutions and citizens own intellectual property (IP). These IP-owner countries have the equipment needed to play – the funding systems, patent lawyers, marketing support services, and thriving government subsidized research labs and universities – enabling them to turn their research and development into IP, intangible but highly valuable financial assets. In the game of ‘trading in knowledge’, ca

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Shymko, O. V. "Benchmarking as a Marketing Tool to Ensure the Competitiveness of Trading Enterprises." Business Inform 10, no. 525 (2021): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-10-387-392.

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The article is devoted to solving theoretical, methodological and applied aspects of benchmarking by trade enterprises in the context of globalization of commodity markets and integration of Ukraine into international trade and economic relations. The economic essence and the purpose of benchmarking as a marketing tool for ensuring competitive advantages are disclosed. The main prerequisites, the motives that presuppose the use of benchmarking in the activities of enterprises are considered. The modern approaches to benchmarking management are specified. Classification features are distinguish

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Tolavi Soruco, Iván. "VARIABLES RELACIONADAS CON INNOVACIÓN EN FERIAS INTERNACIONALES EN BOLIVIA." Investigación & Negocios 13, no. 21 (2020): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.38147/invneg.v13i21.85.

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Las ferias comerciales son acontecimientos que se realizan periódicamente alrededor del mundo, en distintos lugares y generalmente en forma anual.La innovación es un aspecto de suma importancia en las empresas que deseen detentar ventajas competitivas sustentables, en sus distintas formas, como ser empresarial, tecnológica, de marketing y aspectos socioculturales.En Bolivia existen algunas ferias internacionales, en las cuales se ofertan productos/servicios de empresas locales, regionales e internacionales.En la presente investigación se aborda las ferias internacionales y se nombra las que se

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