Academic literature on the topic 'Ion beam focusing'

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Journal articles on the topic "Ion beam focusing"

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Bieniosek, F. M., E. Henestroza, and P. Ni. "Funnel cone for focusing intense ion beams on a target." Laser and Particle Beams 28, no. 1 (2010): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034610000108.

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AbstractWe describe a funnel cone for concentrating an ion beam on a target. The cone utilizes the reflection characteristic of ion beams on solid walls to focus the incident beam and increase beam intensity on target. The cone has been modeled with the TRIM code. A prototype has been tested and installed for use in the 350-keV K+ NDCX target chamber.
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Pozimski, J., and M. Aslaninejad. "Gabor lenses for capture and energy selection of laser driven ion beams in cancer treatment." Laser and Particle Beams 31, no. 4 (2013): 723–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034613000761.

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AbstractThe application of laser accelerated ion beams in Hadron therapy requires ion beam optics with unique features. It has been shown that due to the spectral and spatial distribution of laser accelerated protons a lens based focusing system has advantages over aperture collimated beam formation. We present a compact ion optical system with therapy applications, based on Gabor space charge lenses for collecting, focusing and energy filtering the laser produced proton beam. For a full therapy solution, a scenario based on three space charge lenses is presented. In this very compact beam lin
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Imanari, Kazuo, Takeru Bingo, Kozue Sasaki, Weihua Jiang, Katsumi Masugata, and Kiyoshi Yatsui. "Evaluation of focusing characteristics of spherical plasma focus diode." Laser and Particle Beams 16, no. 1 (1998): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026303460001185x.

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Experiments and the associated simulations for the evaluation of the focusibility of spherical Plasma focus diode (SPFD) were carried out. To evaluate the ion beam focusibility, two types of time-integrated Rutherford scattering pinhole camera were used: angle-integrated and angle-resolved type. From the former method, the ion beam has been found to focus in a cylindrical area with 4.5mmφ × 6.0 mm. The ion density profile shows a peak at 2.5 mm downstream from the geometric focusing point. From the latter method, it is found that a large fraction of the ion beam is produced from the downstream
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Hosoya, S., H. Kashiwagi, and K. Yamada. "Simulation of laser-plasma focusing using taper solenoid." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2743, no. 1 (2024): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2743/1/012009.

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Abstract A laser ion source can produce ion beams of various elements, including high melting point metals. Owing to its ability to switch beams rapidly by loading multiple solid targets, we are developing a laser ion source to implement it in a 400 kV ion implanter, which requires a wide range of ion species. Although a laser ion source offers above advantages, most of the plasma is lost in an ion source due to the generation of the beam from a part of the diffused plasma with a broad angular distribution. To suppress this loss and enhance beam intensity, we employ a linear solenoid to increa
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Heimrich, B., H. J. Laue, and H. Wollnik. "RFQ final-focusing lens at the GSI." Laser and Particle Beams 9, no. 4 (1991): 863–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600006601.

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For first investigations of hot dense matter produced by intense heavy-ion beams we built an electrostatic quadrupole doublet that focused Ar+and Kr+ ions of 45 keV/amu after acceleration through the radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator at the GSI onto a small spot of approximate area 1 mm2. This beam then deposited a specific beam power of about 1.5 GW/g to targets.
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Zhu, X. P., Q. Zhang, L. Ding, et al. "High-intensity pulsed ion beam focusing by its own space charge." Laser and Particle Beams 36, no. 4 (2018): 470–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034618000514.

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AbstractThe paper presents the results of a study on propagation and focusing of high-intensity pulsed ion beams, produced by a self-magnetically insulated diode of semi-cylindrical geometry at the TEMP-6 accelerator (120 ns, 200–250 kV). We examined the space-charge neutralization of the beam, the energy density in the focus, the divergence of the beam, and its shot-to-shot displacement in the focal plane. It is found that the concentration of low-energy electrons in the beam is 1.3–1.5 times higher than the concentration of ions. We observed additional ion focusing by its own space charge. W
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Yatsui, K., A. Tokuchi, H. Tanaka, et al. "Geometric focusing of intense pulsed ion beams from racetrack type magnetically insulated diodes." Laser and Particle Beams 3, no. 2 (1985): 119–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026303460000135x.

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Focusing properties and mechanisms are experimentally investigated of an intense pulsed light-ion beam or a medium-mass ion beam extracted from racetrack type magnetically insulated diodes. Quantitative determinations are made for three factors that affect the focusing ability of the beam, i.e., local divergence angle, deviation angle from ideal trajectory and space-charge effect. Behaviour of electrons in an anodecathode gap as well as neutralizing process of the ion beam by electrons are studied in connection with beam focusing. It is found that there is a close correlation between ion yield
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Schnitzler, Wolfgang, Georg Jacob, Robert Fickler, Ferdinand Schmidt-Kaler, and Kilian Singer. "Focusing a deterministic single-ion beam." New Journal of Physics 12, no. 6 (2010): 065023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/12/6/065023.

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Hu, Zhang-Hu, Yuan-Hong Song, Yong-Tao Zhao, and You-Nian Wang. "Modulation of continuous ion beams with low drift velocity by induced wakefield in background plasmas." Laser and Particle Beams 31, no. 1 (2013): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034612001115.

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AbstractTwo-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are performed to investigate the propagation of low energy continuous ion beams through background plasmas. It is shown that the continuous ion beam can be modulated into periodic short beam pulses by the induced wakefield, which can be adopted as a method to produce ultrashort ion beam pulses. Furthermore, the transport of the continuous ion beam in plasma with density gradient in the beam propagation direction is proposed and an enhanced longitudinal compression by density gradient is found due to the phase lock of ion pulses in the focusi
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Zhou, Y., Y. J. Zhai, Q. Y. Jin, et al. "Development of an energy spread analyzer for secondary ion mass spectrometry ion source." Review of Scientific Instruments 94, no. 4 (2023): 043302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0146274.

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The energy spread (ΔE) of an ion source is an important parameter in the production of a finely focused primary ion beam applied in secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). A variable-focusing retarding field energy analyzer (RFEA) has been developed and tested with an Ar+ beam and an oxygen ion beam extracted from a 2.45 GHz microwave ion source, which is developed as a candidate ion source for SIMS applications. The simulation results show that the relative resolution ΔE/E of the designed RFEA reaches 7 × 10−5. The experimental results indicate that a focusing electrode can improve the ΔE mea
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ion beam focusing"

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Kuzema, O. S., and P. O. Kuzema. "Ion Probe with Primary ion Beam Prism Mass Separator." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35627.

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It has been considered the ion-optical properties and characteristics of ion microprobe analyzer in which the primary ion beam mass separation is realized by the magnetic prism, and the beam spherical capacitor is used in the secondary ion analyzing system as energy analyzer which form parallel ion beam at the mass analyzer inlet. It has allowed to improve the instrument parameters and to scale down its overall dimension. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35627
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Komarov, F., A. Kamyshan, and P. Grishin. "Micro- and Nanocapillary Structures Based on Dielectric Materials to Focus the Ion Beams." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35219.

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The 255 keV and 150 keV proton beams transmission through tapered glass capillaries with 10 μm and 5 μm outlet diameters, respectively, were studied. The dependence of the output current on input current and the dependence of coefficient of proton beam transmission through capillary on the tilt angle of the capillary with respect to the beam axis were investigated. The focusing and guiding effects for transmitted proton beams were observed. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35219
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Henestroza, Enrique. "Generation, transport and focusing of high-brightness heavy ion beams." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37211.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2006.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 195-201).<br>The Neutralized Transport Experiment (NTX) has been built at the Heavy Ion Fusion Virtual National Laboratory. NTX is the first successful integrated beam system experiment that explores various physical phenomena, and determines the final spot size of a high intensity ion beam on a scaled version of a Heavy Ion Fusion driver. The final spot size is determined by the conditions of the beam produced in the injector, the beam dynamics in the focusing lattice, an
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Thomas, Brent Cecil. "Magnetic focusing of ion beams and deposition of hydroxyapatite films with graded crystallinity." 2006. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03292006-011603/unrestricted/etd.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Ion beam focusing"

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Wells, Nikita. Radio frequency quadrupole and alternating phase focusing methods used in proton linear accelerator technology in the USSR. Rand, 1985.

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Moyers, Michael Farley, and Stanislav M. Vatnitsky. Practical Implementation of Light Ion Beam Treatments. Medical Physics Publishing, 2013. https://doi.org/10.54947/9781930524552.

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The number of light ion beam (including proton beam) treatment programs is rapidly increasing worldwide: however, there are currently no practical guides to support the acceptance testing, commissioning, planning, and continuing quality assurance of these programs. This book is aimed at those individuals who participate in the delivery and planning aspects of light ion beam treatments. Typically these individuals are medical physicists with responsibilities for calibration and verification of beam delivery, quality assurance, and computerized treatment planning: however other individuals may a
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Stanton, Annette L., and Robert Franz. Focusing on Emotion. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195119343.003.0005.

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The focus of this chapter is the adaptive roles of emotion in coping processes. It presents a review of literature that point to the potential utility of processing and expressing emotions, and theories that bear on potentially adaptive functions of coping through emotional approach (such as active processing and expression of emotion). It also addresses theoretical, empirical, and applied directions for work on this construct.
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Das, Indra J., and Harald Paganetti. Principles and Parctice of Proton Beam Therapy. Medical Physics Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.54947/9781936366439.

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Proton therapy has been used in radiation therapy for over 70 years, but within the last decade its use in clinics has grown exponentially. This book fills in the proton therapy gap by focusing on the physics of proton therapy, including beam production, proton interactions, biology, dosimetry, treatment planning, quality assurance, commissioning, motion management, and uncertainties. From Niek Schreuder in Medical Physics…"This book is a well-composed compendium of papers that serves as a comprehensive textbook for Medical Physicists and other professionals practicing in the field of proton t
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Blankholm, Joseph. Secularism, Humanism, and Secular Humanism. Edited by Phil Zuckerman and John R. Shook. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988457.013.42.

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This chapter considers recent American attempts to recognize secular humanism as a religion in light of more than a century of debates over the religiosity of secularism and humanism. It offers a history of these terms’ codependent evolution in the United States by focusing on the individuals, groups, and institutions that have adopted them and shaped their meanings. The chapter also argues that those who use these terms today bear forth a fraught and sometimes self-contradicting inheritance. In order to recognize the stakes of contemporary struggles over the meaning and purpose of secularism,
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Jaramillo, George S., and Juliane Tomann, eds. Transcending the Nostalgic: Landscapes of Postindustrial Europe beyond Representation. Berghahn Books, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/9781800732216.

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Even as the global economy of the twenty-first century continues its dramatic and unpredictable transformations, the landscapes it leaves in its wake bear the indelible marks of their industrial past. Whether in the form of abandoned physical structures, displaced populations, or ecological impacts, they persist in memory and lived experience across the developed world. This collection explores the affective and “more-than-representational” dimensions of post-industrial landscapes, including narratives, practices, social formations, and other phenomena. Focusing on case studies from across Eur
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Halliday, Daniel. Inheritance and Luck. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803355.003.0004.

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This chapter reviews and criticizes varieties of the luck egalitarian conception of justice. It begins with the ‘naïve’ distinction between choice and circumstance, on which inequalities are permissible insofar as they depend on the former rather than the latter. The bulk of the chapter discusses more sophisticated versions of luck egalitarianism, which either supplement the naïve view with some countervailing principle (e.g. by appeal to personal prerogatives) or by constraining its scope (e.g. by focusing on the mediating effects of institutions). Later parts of the chapter evaluate other co
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Nardini, Luisa. In the Quest of Gallican Remnants in Gregorian Manuscripts. Edited by Patricia Hall. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199733163.013.11.

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This chapter examines Gallican components in liturgical chants copied in Gregorian manuscripts by focusing on a group of chants for the masses for the Holy Cross. These chants, copied in manuscripts from Aquitaine, bear signs of more remote pre-Gregorian roots that can be recognized in some textual and musical features, in aspects related to their liturgical collocation, and in the theological arguments they contain. Before undertaking an analysis of specific examples, the chapter first considers the extent to which royal decrees influenced chant practices in Carolingian and post-Carolingian E
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Leonard-Fleckman, Mahri. Scribal Representations and Social Landscapes of the Iron Age Shephelah. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/9780197652992.001.0001.

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Abstract Scribal Representations and Social Landscapes of the Iron Age Shephelah presents irresolution as a practice for scholars of the Hebrew Bible and the ancient Levant. While the role of scholarship is often defined by its ability to reach definitive conclusions, Mahri Leonard-Fleckman illustrates how resisting conclusions can be an asset to investigating the distant past. She does so by analyzing identity in the Iron Age Shephelah, a complex social-political place and one of the most intensely excavated areas in the world. Focusing on two sites, Timnah and Gath, Scribal Representations j
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Lewis-Beck, Michael S., and Richard Nadeau. Explaining French Elections. Edited by Robert Elgie, Emiliano Grossman, and Amy G. Mazur. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199669691.013.16.

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This chapter reviews research done on French elections, focusing on presidential contests. Initially, the scientific literature on voting behavior, coming out of the Michigan Model, is looked at. Then, we bear down specifically on the French case, comparing the perspectives of French scholars, such as exploration of “heavy variables,” to the perspectives of non-French scholars, for example the search for general models. Attention is given also to the search for a Michigan Model à la française. The final part of the chapter considers the convergence between the two traditions of studying French
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Book chapters on the topic "Ion beam focusing"

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Kaneda, Takeshi, and Keishiro Niu. "Focusing and Transportation of Intense Light Ion Beam in Inertial Confinement Fusion." In Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena. Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3324-5_42.

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Breese, Mark. "Focusing keV and MeV Ion Beams." In Ion Beams in Nanoscience and Technology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00623-4_32.

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Gabovich, M. D., N. V. Pleshivtsev, and N. N. Semashko. "Focusing and Transport of Ion Beams." In Ion and Atomic Beams for Controlled Fusion and Technology. Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8407-6_2.

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Weidner, Anja, Ruben Wagner, Mikhail Seleznev, and Horst Biermann. "Analysis of Detrimental Inclusions in Steel and Aluminum." In Multifunctional Ceramic Filter Systems for Metal Melt Filtration. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40930-1_25.

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AbstractThis chapter presents results on the analysis of nonmetallic as well as intermetallic inclusions within a metal matrix. In both, steel and aluminum matrix these impurities cause detrimental effects during production as well as in service, e.g. under mechanical load. In steel, nonmetallic inclusions originate from the steelmaking process and range in the magnitude of ppm. In recycled aluminum alloys, iron-rich intermetallic phases exhibit a volume fraction in the range of percent caused by insufficient scrap separation. Both types of detrimental inclusions/precipitates were investigated
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Méot, François. "Classical Cyclotron." In Particle Acceleration and Detection. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59979-8_3.

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AbstractThis chapter introduces the classical cyclotron, and the theoretical material needed for the simulation exercises. It begins with a brief reminder of the historical context, and continues with beam optics and with the principles and methods which the classical cyclotron leans on, including ion orbit in a cyclic accelerator, weak focusing and periodic transverse motion, revolution period and isochronism, voltage gap and resonant acceleration, the cyclotron equation. The simulation of a cyclotron dipole will either resort to an analytical model of the field: the optical element DIPOLE, o
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Parrish, W., and M. Hart. "Parallel Beam and Focusing X-Ray Powder Diffractometry." In Advances in X-Ray Analysis. Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9110-5_58.

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Torres, Pedro J. "Electron Beam Focusing by Means of a Periodic Magnetic Field." In Atlantis Briefs in Differential Equations. Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-106-2_6.

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Fraiman, G. M., A. G. Litvak, V. I. Talanov, and S. N. Vlasov. "Optical Self-Focusing: Stationary Beams and Femtosecond Pulses." In Topics in Applied Physics. Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-34727-1_3.

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Ma, Hongjie, Jinsong Li, and Pengjie Sun. "Focusing Characteristics of Radially Polarized Anomalous Vortex Beams." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4110-4_19.

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Kotlyar, Victor V., Alexey A. Kovalev, and Anton G. Nalimov. "Sharp Focusing of Modified Cylindrical Vector Laser Beams." In Optical Hall Effect in the Sharp Focus of Laser Light. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-64683-6_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ion beam focusing"

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Barman, S., and S. Bhattacharjee. "Focusing of keV Ion Beams from Plasma with Micro-Glass Capillaries Beyond the Self-Focusing Limit: Realization of Quantum Ion Beams." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icops58192.2024.10626520.

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Sun, Ping, Haiyang Zhang, Francesco Guidi, Davide Dardari, Baoyun Wang, and Yonina C. Eldar. "Beam-Focusing for Near-Field ISAC Systems." In 2024 IEEE 25th International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spawc60668.2024.10694020.

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Pal, Sushanta Kumar, and Leslie A. Rusch. "Tight Focusing of Fractional Ellipse Field Polarization Singularities." In Frontiers in Optics. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1364/fio.2024.jtu5a.67.

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We study the tight focusing of fractional ellipse field polarization singularities. For these optical fields, the strengths of transverse components at the focal plane depend on the value of the orbital angular momentum of the vortex beam.
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Mujawar, Fahad Mohammed Azeem, Likhith R, Dheeraj M, G. Niranjana, Rajat Kumar Sinha, and Kaustav Bhowmick. "Holey meta-lens integrated with VCSEL to explore subwavelength beam focusing." In Frontiers in Optics. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1364/fio.2024.jd4a.17.

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This paper showcases the first-ever integration of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) and Holey meta-lenses for sub-wavelength beam-focusing. Operating at 1310 nm with FWHM ~1 µm and ~66% efficiency, this novel approach promises future enhancements and easy fabrication.
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Foust, Julia S., Robert Trout, Jingkai Zhang, Jianwei D. Li, Joseph A. Izatt, and Al-Hafeez Dhalla. "Meter-scale working distance OCT with optimal Gaussian beam focusing." In Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XXIX, edited by Rainer A. Leitgeb and Yoshiaki Yasuno. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3043479.

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Droulias, Sotiris, Giorgos Stratidakis, and Angeliki Alexiou. "Beam-focusing in near-field communications: enhancing the physical layer security." In 2024 IEEE 25th International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spawc60668.2024.10694462.

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Khatiwada, Pawan, Daniel Yu, Edward Yu, and Xiao-Feng Qian. "Simulating Quantum State Revival with Paraxial Beam Propagation." In Frontiers in Optics. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1364/fio.2024.jw4a.11.

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We explore the equivalence between paraxial optical beam propagation and 2D harmonic oscillator evolution. The phenomenon of quantum state revival of harmonic oscillator is shown to be simulated with the propagation of a focusing beam.
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Ryabchikov, A. I., and V. P. Tarakanov. "Numerical simulation of the features and regularities of the high-power density ion beam formation." In 8th International Congress on Energy Fluxes and Radiation Effects. Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56761/efre2022.c1-p-021302.

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The development of methods to modify materials based on the synergy of high-intensity implantation and simultaneous energy exposure is intended at creating deep ion-doped layers. For this purpose, it is proposed to use pulsed and repetitively-pulsed beams of metal and gas ions with micro- submillisecond duration with a high-pulsed power density. The paper presents the results of numerical simulation of the pulsed and repetitively-pulsed high-intensity ion beam formation. Simulations were performed using the Karat code. The ballistic focusing of heavy ions was studied at injection current from
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Ryabchikov, A. I., D. O. Sivin, and S. V. Dektyarev. "High-intensity ion beams with submillisecond duration for synergistic of ion implantation and energy impact on the surface." In 8th International Congress on Energy Fluxes and Radiation Effects. Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56761/efre2022.c1-p-018301.

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The development of methods to modify materials based on the synergistic high-intensity implantation and simultaneous energy impact on the ion-doped layer involves using the pulsed and repetitively-pulsed beams of metal and gas ion beams with micro-submillisecond duration with high pulsed power density. The paper presents the results of experimental studies on the formation of pulsed and repetitively-pulsed high-intensity beams of titanium ions with a pulse duration from 150 to 500 μs. The plasma flow was generated by a vacuum arc discharge. To obtain ion beams with a power density in the range
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Goncharov, A. A., I. V. Litovko, I. N. Onishchenko, and V. F. Zadorozhny. "On 2D electron cloud dynamics in high-current plasma lens for ion beam focusing." In Beam stability and nonlinear dynamics. American Institute of Physics, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.53485.

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Reports on the topic "Ion beam focusing"

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Lee, Edward P., and Matthaeus Leitner. Solenoidal Fields for Ion Beam Transport and Focusing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/965351.

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Dorf, Mikhail A., Igor D. Kaganovich, Edward A. Startsev, and Ronald C. Davidson. Collective Focusing of Intense Ion Beam Pulses for High-energy Density Physics Applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1013056.

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Mikhail, Dorf A., Igor D. Kaganovich, Edward A. Startsev, and Ronald C. Davidson. Whistler Wave Excitation and Effects of Self-Focusing on Ion Beam Propagation through a Background Plasma along a Solenoidal Magnetic Field. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/973083.

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Liu, Sam, and Yuhui Shen. Hybrid Nanocrystalline Permanent Magnets for Beam Focusing in High Energy Accelerators. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/841460.

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Liu, Sam, and Yuhui Shen. Hybrid Nanocrystalline Permanent Magnets for Beam Focusing in High Energy Accelerators. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/841481.

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Palkovic, John A. Gabor Lens Focusing and Emittance Growth in a Low-Energy Proton beam. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1425810.

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Seletskiy, Sergei, A. Fedotov, and D. Kayran. Beam dynamics in non-magnetized electron cooler with strong hadron-electron focusing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1646588.

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Esarey, E., A. Ting, and P. Sprangle. Relativistic Focusing and Beat Wave Phase Velocity Control in the Plasma Beat Wave Accelerator. Defense Technical Information Center, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada200399.

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Carlsten, B. E. Emittance growth of an nonequilibrium intense electron beam in a transport channel with discrete focusing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/434425.

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Krall, J., C. M. Tang, and T. Swyden. Numerical Simulation of the Electromagnetic Instability of an Intense Beam in a Quadrupole Focusing System. Defense Technical Information Center, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada252275.

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