Relevant bibliographies by topics / Iran – History

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Iran – History'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Iran – History"

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Yakubovich, Azimov Habibullo. "HISTORY AND CURRENT STATE OF IRAQ- IRAN RELATIONS." American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 6, no. 5 (May 1, 2024): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume06issue05-09.

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From the 1968 Baath Party coup to the 2003 US invasion of Iraq, relations between Baghdad and Tehran have never been good-neighborly or normal. Therefore, the overthrow of Saddam Hussein can be considered as one of the turning points in Iran-Iraq relations. This article elaborates on the Iraq-Iran relationship and the ethnic, religious, sectarian and external forces that influence it.
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Milani, Mohsen M. "Iran, the Status Quo Power." Current History 104, no. 678 (January 1, 2005): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2005.104.678.30.

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Iran appears ready to discuss the future of Iraq as well as other security issues with the United States. It remains uncertain for Tehran whether a ‘tactical consensus’ on Iraq could … lead to a marked improvement in US-Iran relations.
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Axelgard, Frederick W. "Iraq and the War with Iran." Current History 86, no. 517 (February 1, 1987): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1987.86.517.57.

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Mancini-Lander, Derek J. "A History of Iran." American Journal of Islam and Society 26, no. 4 (October 1, 2009): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v26i4.1371.

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This survey of the history of Iranian civilization from ancient times to thepresent is intended for general audiences with little knowledge of Iranianhistory. The book’s nine chapters consist largely of chronological presentationsof political history, but occasionally make room for sections on religiousmovements, society, and the arts. The first two chapters briskly coverthe ancient period through the Sassanids. The third runs from the Islamicconquests through the fifteenth century and contains a long section on theevolution of Persian verse tradition. The fourth and fifth chapters cover theSafavids’ rise and fall, the development of early modern Twelver Shi`ism,and the tumultuous period leading up to the Qajars. The sixth surveys thelate Qajar period and the constitutional revolution, while the last three chaptersdetail the events of the twentieth century with an emphasis on the 1979Islamic revolution and what has happened since. As nearly a third of thebook deals with the twentieth century, the treatment of the ancient periodsand the first millennium of the Islamic era are comparatively spare.Axworthy’s main project is to trace the history of a sense of “Iranianness”or “Irananian identity” that he claims to have identified in ancientsources and uses to justify composing what he calls “a history of Iran.”Although he does not provide an explicit and comprehensive definition ofthis “Iranian identity,” he states clearly that he is not describing a sense ofnation (pp. xv-xvi and 117). Rather, he implies that this identity is a loosesense of affiliation based on the idea of a common land, language, andshared memory. But when he speaks, for example, of an “Iranian revival” inthe second century or an “Iranian reconquest” in the fourteenth, he uses thevery nation-centered paradigm of history that he seeks to avoid, even if herefrains from invoking a “national” sensibility ...
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Babaie, Sussan. "Iran: A Modern History." Iranian Studies 52, no. 3-4 (July 4, 2019): 645–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2019.1649003.

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Matin-Asgari, Afshin. "Iran: A Modern History." Iranian Studies 52, no. 3-4 (July 4, 2019): 653–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2019.1649004.

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Afary, Janet. "Iran: A Modern History." Iranian Studies 52, no. 3-4 (July 4, 2019): 648–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2019.1649005.

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Matthee, Rudi. "Iran: A Modern History." Iranian Studies 52, no. 3-4 (July 4, 2019): 640–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2019.1652784.

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Byrne, Malcolm. "The Iran–Iraq War." Iranian Studies 46, no. 4 (July 2013): 669–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2013.784533.

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Gawrych, George W., and Efraim Karsh. "The Iran-Iraq War: Impact and Implications." Journal of Military History 54, no. 4 (October 1990): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1986100.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Iran – History"

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Hunter, Robert C. "BROTHERS OR RIVALS? IRAN AND THE SHI'A OF IRAQ /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA457514.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2006.
Thesis Advisor(s): James R. Russell. "June 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-148). Also available in print.
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Treadwell, William Luke. "The political history of the Sāmānid state." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2bcb89ab-29b3-401b-84b9-e25c477476bb.

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The Sāmānids (204/819-395/1005) were the last Iranian dynasty to rule Eastern Iran before the advent of the Turkish Muslim states which dominated the_central Islamic lands during the medieval period. The Sāmānid state was the largest and most prosperous of the "Abbasid successor states and one of the most vigorous culturally. Yet like all successor states, the Samanids were beset by a high level of political instability which led finally to the dismemberment of the state between two Turkish dynasties, the Qarākhānid steppe rulers and the Ghaznavids, former vassals of the Sāmānids. This thesis explores the causes of this instability and attempts to account for the fall of the state, using the works of V.V. Barthold and R.N. Frye as points of reference. Barthold's hypothesis, which concludes that the Samanids and their bureaucrats were overwhelmed by an alliance of military and scholarly interests before the arrival of the Qarākhānids, is rejected. Instead the fatal weakness in the state structure is sought in the institution of patronage which controlled appointments to provincial governorships. Chapter one presents a survey of the sources with particular reference to the chronicle literature and the geographers, Iṣtakhrī, Ibn Hawqal and Muqaddasī; the unpublished works of the chronicler Ibn Ẓafir al-Azdī (d. 613/1216) and Muhammad ibn ˋAbd al-Jalll al-Samarqandī's 12th century biographical dictionary of Transoxanian scholars are also analysed. Chapter two comprises an overview of the physical and human geography of the 10th century mashriq. The following six chapters form a narrative of the political history of the dynasty from the obscure pre-monarchical period to 395/1005. Chapters five and six are devoted to the reign of Nasr ibn Aḥmad, a watershed in the Sāmānid period during which the earliest works of Persian literature were composed and many senior courtiers converted to Ismāˋīlīsm. Chapter nine examines the Sāmānids 1 sources of revenue, the state apparatus, the nature of Sāmānid politics and the ways in which rulers sought to legitimize their authority and Chapter ten summarizes my conclusions regarding Barthold's interpretation of the fall of the dynasty. The appendices include prosopographical studies of members of the state elite, notes on the Ismāˋīlī rebellion of 295/907, the history of the Khwārazmshāhs and an edition of Ibn Ẓāfir al-Azdī's chapter on Sāmānid history.
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Shahibzadeh, Yadullah. "From totalism to perspectivism : an intellectual history of Iranian Islamism from Shariati to the advent of Khatami /." [Oslo] : Faculty of Humanities, University of Oslo, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000285476.

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Clark, James Dee. "The history of the Iranian Province of Azerbaijan, 1848-1914 /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Baca-Winters, Keenan. "From Rome to Iran| Identity and Xusro II." Thesis, University of California, Irvine, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3717048.

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The Roman-Sasanian War of the seventh century CE was the last conflict of late antiquity. Šahanšah Xusrō II nearly conquered the Roman Empire. James Howard-Johnston has studied the war extensively. Walter Kaegi has produced a biography of Xusrō II's opponent, Heraclius, while Geoffrey Greatrex and Touraj Daryaee have written articles focusing on Xusrō II. Scholars, however, have not attempted a major study of him. This dissertation seeks not only to understand how different authors depicted Xusrō II but to understand the man's personality.

Roman authors who witnessed the war sought to highlight only the negative aspects of Xusrō II. He was, according to the Romans, an enemy of God. Fear of Xusrō II was the basis for these depictions. Pseudo-Sebēos, an Armenian historian, depicted Xusrō II as an arrogant, blasphemous ruler. Pseudo-Sebēos, however, did not write anything positive about the Romans, either, because both the Romans and Sasanians wanted to control Armenia.

Christians living under Xusrō II's rulership also seemed to despise him. They portray Xusrō II as wicked because, in an attempt to punish them, he did not let allow them to elect a ruler. A careful reading of these sources, however, suggests these authors were aware of how Xusrō II took care of Christians in his realm. Finally, Arab and Persian sources differ in their portrayals of Xusrō II because both groups, although both Muslim, were competing for legitimacy in the post-Islamic conquest of Iran, due to ethnic tensions. Arab authors emphasized Xusrō II's faults. Persian authors, on the other hand, presented his good qualities.

Ultimately, all of these different depictions of Xusrō II demonstrate that he possessed a fierce will and embraced a vision of how to rule. Xusrō II wanted to conquer the Romans and extend his domain and be remembered forever. Xusrō II's drive might have made him seem arrogant to the authors studied in this dissertation, and they depicted him accordingly. We should not, however, lose sight of the man he truly was: a man who dared to dream.

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Soltan, Zadeh Maryam. "History Education and the Construction of National Identity in Iran." FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/601.

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This study examined the representation of national and religious dimensions of Iranian history and identity in Iranian middle school history textbooks. Furthermore, through a qualitative case study in a school in the capital city of Tehran, teachers’ use of textbooks in classrooms, students’ response, their perceptions of the country’s past, and their definitions of national identity is studied. The study follows a critical discourse analysis framework by focusing on the subjectivity of the text and examining how specific concepts, in this case collective identities, are constructed through historical narratives and how social actors, in this case students, interact with , and make sense of, the process. My definition of national identity is based on the ethnosymbolism paradigm (Smith, 2003) that accommodates both pre-modern cultural roots of a nation and the development and trajectory of modern political institutions. Two qualitative approaches of discourse analysis and case study were employed. The textbooks selected were those published by the Ministry of Education; universally used in all middle schools across the country in 2009. The case study was conducted in a girls’ school in Tehran. The students who participated in the study were ninth grade students who were in their first year of high school and had just finished a complete course of Iranian history in middle school. Observations were done in history classes in all three grades of the middle school. The study findings show that textbooks present a generally negative discourse of Iran’s long history as being dominated by foreign invasions and incompetent kings. At the same time, the role of Islam and Muslim clergy gradually elevates in salvaging the country from its despair throughout history, becomes prominent in modern times, and finally culminates in the Islamic Revolution as the ultimate point of victory for the Iranian people. Throughout this representation, Islam becomes increasingly dominant in the textbooks’ narrative of Iranian identity and by the time of the Islamic Revolution morphs into its single most prominent element. On the other hand, the students have created their own image of Iran’s history and Iranian identity that diverges from that of the textbooks especially in their recollection of modern times. They have internalized the generally negative narrative of textbooks, but have not accepted the positive role of Islam and Muslim clergy. Their notion of Iranian identity is dominated by feelings of defeat and failure, anecdotal elements of pride in the very ancient history, and a sense of passivity and helplessness.
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Ruffner, Todd W. "Identity and Border Relations between Iraq and Iran in the 20th Century: The Cases of Khuzestan and Shatt al-Arab." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1274891695.

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Gibson, Bryan. "Covert relationship: American foreign policy, intelligence, and the Iran-Iraq War, 1980--1988." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27848.

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Following the Iranian Revolution of 1979, Iraq invaded Iran resulting in a costly war from 1980 to 1988, which threatened American interests in the Persian Gulf. From the outset, the stated official American policy was strict neutrality, but this was not the case. The war had provided the United States with an opportunity to improve relations with Iraq, particularly alter Iran reversed the Iraqi invasion in the summer of 1982. Because the Reagan administration could not let Iraq collapse, the United States tilted heavily towards Iraq in defiance of its stated policy. Interestingly, the tilt towards Iraq did not stop the Reagan administration from secretly dealing with Iran in 1985. Consequently, the disclosure of these dealings resulted in the buildup of American naval forces in the region to protect the shipment of oil, and eventually the use of force to end the conflict in 1988.
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Rejali, Darius M. "Discipline and torture, or, How Iranians became moderns." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=67424.

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In this dissertation, I undertake an empirical analysis of Iranian punitive practices over the last century. In thiscontext, I set out to investigate three issues. First, I critically examine the claim that modernity is characterizedby a diminution of corporal punishments, considering both the older humanist-progressivist verions of this claim and therevisionist-Nietzschean versions that have been advanced by several scholars including Michel Foucault, David Rothman,Michael Ignatieff, John Langbein, Gerhard Oestreich and Marc Raeff. In particular, I examine the relationship betweenmodern torture and might be called the "disciplinary process" that is said to characterize modernization. Second, I evaluate Chomsky and Herman's hypothesis that developing societies are characterized by a specific economy of violence that might be described as "state terrorism." Third, I test the utility of Foucault's theoretical approach to the study of power.
Dans cette these, j'entreprends une analyse empirique des coutumes punitives iraniennes depuis un siecle. A cette fin, j'examine trois aspects. Premierement, j'examine d'une maniere critique le point de vue suivant lequel, la modernite se caracterise par une diminution des punitions physiques, tout en considerant l'interprétation traditionnelle humanistico-progressive de ce point de vue et les interpretations Nietzscheo-revisionnistes qui ont ete suggerees par plusieurs penseurs, tels que Michel Foucault, David Rothman, Michael Ignatieff, John Langbein, Gerhard Oestreich, et Marc Raeff. Plus precisement j'examine la relation entre la torture au XXieme siecle et ce que l'on pourrait appeler le "processus disciplinaire" qui, soi-disant, caracterise la modernisation. Deuxiemement, j'évalue les hypothèses de Noam Chomsky et d'Edward Herman suivant lesquelles les sociétés en voie de développement sont caractérisées par la violence d'une manière bien précise, et qui pourrait etre decrite comme "une économie de terrorisme d'état." Troisièmement, j'examine l'utilité de l'approche théorique de Michel Foucault pour l'etude du pouvoir. fr
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Fuad, Ahmad Nur. "The Bābī movement in Iran : from religious dissent to political revolt, 1844-1853." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20482.

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This thesis is a study of the development of the Babi movement and the political implications embodied in its religious teachings. The thesis basically assumes that in its early development (1844--1848), the movement may be seen merely as religiously dissenting from the mainstream of Shi'i tradition. In the course of history, however, and especially after the Bab, its founder, claimed in 1848 to be the return of the Hidden Imam and proclaimed the abrogation of Qur'anic shari'a, the Babi movement showed radical tendencies, thus threatening the established religious and political authorities. This later development (1848--1853) was characterized by armed revolts by the Babis against the government troops. This thesis also examines the nature of Babi religious dissent and demonstrate that the Babi revolts were to a large extent based on religious motives.
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Books on the topic "Iran – History"

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P, Jacob John, ed. Iran. Göttingen: Steidl, 2009.

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Chubin, Shahram. Iran and Iraq at war. Boulder: Westview Press, 1988.

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Farndon, John. Iran. Cambridge: Icon Books, 2006.

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Somervill, Barbara A. Iran. New York: Children's Press, 2012.

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Wagner, Heather Lehr. Iran. 2nd ed. New York: Chelsea House, 2009.

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Spilsbury, Richard. Iran. Chicago: Heinemann Library, 2012.

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Iraq and Iran. Taylor & Francis Group, 2011.

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The Iran-Iraq War. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

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Schaffer, David. World History Series - The Iran-Iraq War. Lucent Books, 2002.

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HO, Mah. Iran History 2. Independently Published, 2022.

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Book chapters on the topic "Iran – History"

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Anaraki, Nahid Rahimipour. "History of Prison." In Prison in Iran, 21–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57169-6_2.

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Tucker, Ernest. "Revolution in Iran, Saddam, and the Iran–Iraq War." In The Middle East in Modern World History, 284–300. Second edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. |: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351031707-20.

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Atabaki, Touraj. "Iranian History in Transition." In Iran Facing Others, 65–78. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137013408_4.

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Cook, Alethia H., and Jalil Roshandel. "Iran/U.S. Political History." In The United States and Iran, 15–39. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230623286_2.

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Jett, Dennis C. "A Bit of History." In The Iran Nuclear Deal, 25–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59822-2_2.

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Brandon, S. G. F. "Zarathustra and the Dualism of Iran." In Religion in Ancient History, 193–208. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003483229-13.

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Bazoobandi, Sara. "Iran Nuclear Programme, a Brief History." In The New Regional Order in the Middle East, 69–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27885-4_4.

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"Legitimacy and succession in Iranian history." In Iran, 23–39. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203081310-6.

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"Iran." In World Military History Bibliography, 236–40. BRILL, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789047402107_031.

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"Iran." In World Military History Annotated Bibliography, 126–27. BRILL, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789047414865_029.

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Conference papers on the topic "Iran – History"

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Sadrzadeh, M., and G. Badalians Gholikandi. "Five thousand years of irrigation history in Iran: rituals and methods." In SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION 2010. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/si100071.

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Saidi, Ali M. "Twenty Years of Gas Injection History into Well-Fractured Haft Kel Field (Iran)." In International Petroleum Conference and Exhibition of Mexico. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/35309-ms.

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Khatibi Mehr, Mina, Ali Moallemi, and Mohammad Hossein Adabi. "Depositional History and Nummulite Reservoir of the Jahrum (Zagros) and Ziyarat (Alborz) Formations, Iran." In GEO 2010. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.248.308.

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Khatibi Mehr, Mina, Ali Moallemisa, and Mohammad Hossein Adabi. "Depositional History and Nummulite Reservoir of the Jahrum (Zagros) and Ziyarat (Alborz) Formations, Iran." In GEO 2010. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.248.350.

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Vinogradova, S. P. "Some notes on place and time in ancient Iran (from the history of words)." In International scientific conference " Readings in memory of B.B. Lashkarbekov dedicated to the 70th anniversary of his birth". Yazyki Narodov Mira, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/978-5-89191-092-8-2020-0-0-158-167.

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"Diet History in Patients with Type1 and Type 2 Diabetes in Eslamshahr-Tehran, Iran." In International Conference on Food, Biological and Medical Sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c0114602.

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Khoshnoodkia, Mehdi, Hassan Mohseni, and Ihsan S. Al-Aasm. "Diagenetic History and Isotope Geochemistry of Pabdeh Formation in Dezful Embayment (Zagros Basin) SW Iran." In GEO 2010. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.248.356.

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Sarabandikachyani, Samira. "Sistan Mapped: A History of Cartographic Representations of a Borderland Region." In 112th ACSA Annual Meeting. ACSA Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.112.50.

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In the late 19th century Qajar Dynasty, British imperialism in Iran changed the essence of the Sistan region by imposing a new border line between Iran and Afghanistan. The British redefined territorial boundaries, all influenced by a “colonial gaze”— seeing the region as a miserable space, awaiting reclamation by supposedly more civilized cultures. This paper takes a qualitative, interpretive-historical approach along with visual analysis to examine five historical maps of Sistan as primary sources. This study examines how the border imposition was artificially created through mapping and cartographic representations, how the British showed various moments of confrontation and displacement of regional identities, and how Persians resisted to save their territoriality and reverse the colonial gaze. Initially, a 10th-century world map crafted by Ibn Hawqal indicates the historical significance of Sistan in both Persian culture and the Islamic world. Then, Dhulfaqar Kirmani’s 1871-1873 map invokes the “mythical unity” of Sistan, drawing inspiration from Abu’l Qasim Firdausi’s Shahnameh (Book of Kings) to assert Iran’s claim. Frederic Goldsmid’s 1872 map, reflecting British interests, serves as an “ideological construct” to assert colonial control. Mirza Mohammad-Reza Tabrizi’s map as a “cultural construct” blends indigenous territoriality with British influence, showcasing a complex hybrid. Finally, Henry McMahon’s 1905 map highlights the interplay between meanings and power while revealing the impact of local resistance on Sistan’s cartographic representation. These interpretations demonstrate that maps are not disembodied representations or neutral constructs. Sistan is depicted on these maps as a “region interrupted” by Eurocentric perspectives, a “region united” by Persian maps, and a “region in-between” when the British maintained their political order and relied on the locals to resist the imposed border, resulting in an ongoing “place of conflict.” Overall, this paper unveils how these maps transformed Sistan into an “in-between” region, striated by delineated boundaries, disrupting its seamless territorial perception.
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Məmmədova, İradə. "The Religion and Sects in Iran in The Description of Fakhraddin Shovkat." In International Symposium Sheikh Zahid Gilani in the 800th Year of His Birth. Namiq Musalı, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59402/ees01201807.

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Dr. Fahreddin Shovkat's work “Iran” was first published in 1923 in the newspaper “Sarıgamış Varlıq” and in 1925 in Istanbul as a 160-page book. In the article, the 2017 year's Ankara edition prepared by Prof. Dr. Darya Ors was used. Fakhraddin Shovkat says that to recognize Iran, which has more than a million Turkish people, is more important than to know any western country, it is also important for its own culture and industry. Chapter 8 of the book “Iran” was dedicated to the religion and the sects. This chapter of the book deals with religion and sects in Iran at the beginning of the 20th century, their attitude to each other, the preference of religion by Turkish, Persian and other nations living in Iran, the difference of Jafari sect from others, religious rites and so on and it is important for F. Shovkat’s wide, objective views and analyses. Fakhraddin Shovkat emphasizes that the Iranian Turks are loyal and extremely tend to Jafari sect and Persians mostly tend to Baha'i sect. In the article, will be given the comparison of opinions by Fakhraddin Shovkat about religion and sects in Iran with information in A. Semenov’s “How the Persians live”, V. Gurko- Kryazhin's “Short History of Iran” and others. This will enable us to reveal the differences and similarities of the views of the Turkish-Muslim author of the Ottoman Empire and Christian Russian authors of the Russian Empire about the religions and sects in Iran and the level of objectivity of the information. Keywords: Fakhraddin Shovket, Iran, Jafari, Baha'i, Sheikhids, Heydarids, Nematies.
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"Familial History and Psychological Problems: High Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes in Hamedan (Northwestern Iran)." In International Conference on Chemical, Agricultural and Medical Sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c514079.

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Reports on the topic "Iran – History"

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Saeidi, Elahe, and Amanda Thompson. Using Clothing to Unify a Country: The History of Reza Shah’s Dress Reform in Iran. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-621.

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Horejs, Barbara, and Ulrike Schuh, eds. PREHISTORY & WEST ASIAN/NORTHEAST AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGY 2021–2023. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/oeai.pwana2021-2023.

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The long-established research of Prehistory and West Asian/Northeast African archaeology (the former Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology, OREA) at the Austrian Academy of Sciences was transformed into a department of the »new« Austrian Archaeological Institute (OeAI) at the Austrian Academy of Sciences in 2021. This merging of several institutes into the new OeAI offers a wide range of new opportunities for basic and interdisciplinary research, which support the traditional research focus as well as the development of new projects in world archaeology. The research areas of the Department of Prehistory and West Asian/Northeast African Archaeology include Quaternary archaeology, Prehistory, Near Eastern archaeology and Egyptology. The groups cover an essential cultural area of prehistoric and early historical developments in Europe, Northeast Africa and West Asia. Prehistory is embedded in the world archaeology concept without geographical borders, including projects beyond this core zone, as well as a scientific and interdisciplinary approach. The focus lies in the time horizon from the Pleistocene about 2.6 million years ago to the transformation of societies into historical epochs in the 1st millennium BC. The chronological expertise of the groups covers the periods Palaeolithic, Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Bronze Age and Early Iron Age. The archaeology of West Asia and Northeast Africa is linked to the Mediterranean and Europe, which enables large-scale and chronologically broad basic research on human history. The department consists of the following seven groups: »Quaternary Archaeology«, »Prehistoric Phenomena«, »Prehistoric Identities«, »Archaeology in Egypt and Sudan«, »Archaeology of the Levant«, »Mediterranean Economies« and »Urnfield Culture Networks«. The groups conduct fieldwork and material analyses in Austria, Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Italy, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova, Greece, Cyprus, Türkiye, Iran, the United Arab Emirates, Lebanon, Israel, Egypt, Sudan and South Africa.
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Swetz, Frank J. Mathematics in Ancient Iraq: A Social History. Washington, DC: The MAA Mathematical Sciences Digital Library, December 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4169/loci003211.

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Brown, D., M. W. Herman, and G. P. A. Nobre. Brief History of Iron Evaluations in the ENDF/B Library. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1399698.

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Yousef, Yohanna, and Nadia Butti. “There is No Safety”: The Intersectional Experiences of Chaldean Catholic and Orthodox Women in Iraq . Institute of Development Studies, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2022.026.

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This CREID Policy Briefing provides recommendations to address the marginalisation and discrimination faced by Chaldean Catholic Christian women in Iraq. Christian communities in Iraq have faced threats and discrimination throughout their history. Their numbers have declined considerably in recent years as more Christians have been displaced or forced to migrate due to war, occupation and persecution. This research, which focuses on the experiences of Chaldean Catholic and Orthodox women and men in Iraq, demonstrates the commonalities among different groups of Christian women and men. However, it also highlights the specific challenges facing Christian women, interlinked with their identities as women who are part of a religious minority and to their geographic location.
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Avis, William. Refugee and Mixed Migration Displacement from Afghanistan. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.002.

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This rapid literature review summarises evidence and key lessons that exist regarding previous refugee and mixed migration displacement from Afghanistan to surrounding countries. The review identified a diverse literature that explored past refugee and mixed migration, with a range of quantitative and qualitative studies identified. A complex and fluid picture is presented with waves of mixed migration (both outflow and inflow) associated with key events including the: Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989); Afghan Civil War (1992–96); Taliban Rule (1996–2001); War in Afghanistan (2001–2021). A contextual picture emerges of Afghans having a long history of using mobility as a survival strategy or as social, economic and political insurance for improving livelihoods or to escape conflict and natural disasters. Whilst violence has been a principal driver of population movements among Afghans, it is not the only cause. Migration has also been associated with natural disasters (primarily drought) which is considered a particular issue across much of the country – this is associated primarily with internal displacement. Further to this, COVID-19 is impacting upon and prompting migration to and from Afghanistan. Data on refugee and mixed migration movement is diverse and at times contradictory given the fluidity and the blurring of boundaries between types of movements. Various estimates exist for numbers of Afghanistan refugees globally. It is also important to note that migratory flows are often fluid involving settlement in neighbouring countries, return to Afghanistan. In many countries, Afghani migrants and refugees face uncertain political situations and have, in recent years, been ‘coerced’ into returning to Afghanistan with much discussion of a ‘return bias’ being evident in official policies. The literature identified in this report (a mix of academic, humanitarian agency and NGO) is predominantly focused on Pakistan and Iran with a less established evidence base on the scale of Afghan refugee and migrant communities in other countries in the region. . Whilst conflict has been a primary driver of displacement, it has intersected with drought conditions and poor adherence to COVID-19 mitigation protocols. Past efforts to address displacement internationally have affirmed return as the primary objective in relation to durable solutions; practically, efforts promoted improved programming interventions towards creating conditions for sustainable return and achieving improved reintegration prospects for those already returned to Afghanistan.
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Mahdi, Juwan, and Yarjanik Kerob. The Language of the Armenian Ethno-Linguistic Subgroup in Kurdistan Region of Iraq from the Last Generation to Today. Institute of Development Studies, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2023.003.

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This topic is significant because it considers the language of an ethno-religious group, the Armenian people, in Iraq with non-Arab or Kurdish origins. The Armenian people did not originate from Iraq but from Armenia, one of the smaller countries in the former Soviet Union. Many Armenians were forced to migrate in 1915 to different countries in the Middle East due to ethnic cleansing under the Ottomans. This study explores the different methods by which the Armenian community has maintained its native Armenian language during its history in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). To this end, the study includes a comparison of how the language was viewed and maintained across two successive generations of Armenians in KRI. The findings show that the first generation is divided into those who speak Armenian and those who assimilated and speak Kurdish. Those who no longer speak Armenian prioritised integration and moved away from their mother tongue. This posed a threat to the ongoing maintenance of the language in these communities. However, the younger generation has worked to revive its mother tongue by learning it in schools established in the region approximately 20 years ago.
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Jenkins, Darrell L. Phase Four: Applying History's Successful Nation Building Lessons in Iraq. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada469093.

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Shammo, Turkiya, Diana Amin Saleh, and Nassima Khalaf. Displaced Yazidi Women in Iraq: Persecution and Discrimination Based on Gender, Religion, Ethnic Identity and Displacement. Institute of Development Studies, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2022.010.

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This CREID Policy Briefing provides recommendations to address the marginalisation, discrimination and exclusion faced by displaced Yazidi women in Iraq. Throughout the history of their presence in Iraq, the Yazidis have experienced harassment, persecution, killing and displacement. Most recently, they have been exposed to genocide from the Islamic State (ISIS) group after they took control of Sinjar district and the cities of Bahzani and Bashiqa in the Nineveh Plain in 2014, destroying Yazidi homes, schools, businesses and places of worship. Yazidi people were killed or forced to convert to Islam. Over 6,000 were kidnapped, including over 3,500 women and girls, many of whom were forced into sexual slavery. Men and boys were murdered or forced to become soldiers. Any remaining citizens were displaced. Seven years later, more than 2,000 Yazidi women and children were still missing or in captivity, more than 100,000 Yazidis had migrated abroad, and over 200,000 Yazidi people were still displaced, living in camps.
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Baker, James, and Sofya Shahab. Preserving Communities' Heritage: A Workbook for Heritage Capturers. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2021.006.

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This is a practical workbook to guide local communities and heritage gatherers through the process of capturing and storing their heritage for future generations. Through initiatives with the British Academy and the Coalition for Religious Equality and Inclusive Development (CREID), the Institute of Development Studies (IDS) has been working with young people in Egypt, Iraq and Syria to capture their oral heritage, so that it may be preserved for future generations. Alongside life history interviews and topic interviews - which cover particular aspects of communities’ heritage - a key component of this heritage preservation is how these records will be stored. Thinking about the language and accessibility of digital archiving practices, this workbook is a practical guide to capturing and storing “heritage harvests”, including community interviews, photographs, and short films.
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