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Journal articles on the topic 'Lassa fever'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 January 2023

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1

McCormick, Joseph B., Isabel J. King, Patricia A. Webb, Curtis L. Scribner, Robert B. Craven, Karl M. Johnson, Luanne H. Elliott, and Rose Belmont-Williams. "Lassa Fever." New England Journal of Medicine 314, no. 1 (January 2, 1986): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm198601023140104.

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2

Coyle, Amanda L. "Lassa fever." Nursing 46, no. 7 (July 2016): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nurse.0000482873.70955.7b.

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3

Roberts, Amy, and Charles Kemp. "Lassa Fever." Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners 14, no. 7 (July 2002): 289–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7599.2002.tb00127.x.

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4

Banatvala, J. E. "Lassa fever." BMJ 293, no. 6557 (November 15, 1986): 1256–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.293.6557.1256.

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5

Bannister, B. "Lassa fever." BMJ 302, no. 6768 (January 12, 1991): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.302.6768.114-b.

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6

Asogun, Danny A., Stephan Günther, George O. Akpede, Chikwe Ihekweazu, and Alimuddin Zumla. "Lassa Fever." Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 33, no. 4 (December 2019): 933–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2019.08.002.

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7

Fisher-Hoch, Susan P., and Joseph B. McCormick. "Lassa fever vaccine." Expert Review of Vaccines 3, no. 2 (April 2004): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14760584.3.2.189.

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8

Bhadelia, Nahid. "Understanding Lassa fever." Science 363, no. 6422 (January 3, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aav8958.

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9

Wiwanitkit, Viroj. "Lassa viral hemorrhagic fever." Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth 13, no. 1 (2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_144_19.

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10

Yun, Nadezhda E., and David H. Walker. "Pathogenesis of Lassa Fever." Viruses 4, no. 10 (October 9, 2012): 2031–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v4102031.

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11

Glover, S. C., and SusanP Fisher-Hoch. "MANAGEMENT OF LASSA FEVER." Lancet 326, no. 8468 (December 1985): 1359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(85)92651-0.

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12

Bannister, Barbara, and Anthony Hall. "MANAGEMENT OF LASSA FEVER." Lancet 327, no. 8471 (January 1986): 35–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(86)91911-2.

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13

EL-BAHNASAWY, MAMDOUH, LAILA MEGAHED, HALA SALEH, and TOSSON MORSY. "LASSA FEVER OR LASSA HEMORRHAGIC FEVER RISK TO HUMANS FROM RODENT-BORNE ZOONOSES." Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 45, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jesp.2015.89689.

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14

Morsy, Tosson A., Mamdouh M. El-Bahnasawy, Hala Ahmed Abdalla Saleh, and Laila Abdel-Mawla Megahed. "Lassa Fever or Lassa Hemorrhagic Fever Risk to Humans from Rodent-Borne Zoonoses." Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 45, no. 1 (April 2015): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0010850.

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15

Patassi, Akouda Akessiwe, Dadja Essoya Landoh, Agballa Mebiny-Essoh Tchalla, Wemboo Afiwa Halatoko, Hamadi Assane, Bayaki Saka, Mouchedou Abdoukarim Naba, et al. "Emergence of Lassa Fever Disease in Northern Togo: Report of Two Cases in Oti District in 2016." Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2017 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8242313.

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Background. Lassa fever belongs to the group of potentially fatal hemorrhagic fevers, never reported in Togo. The aim of this paper is to report the first two cases of Lassa fever infection in Togo. Case Presentation. The two first Lassa fever cases occurred in two expatriate’s health professionals working in Togo for more than two years. The symptoms appeared among two health professionals of a clinic located in Oti district in the north of the country. The absence of clinical improvement after antimalarial treatment and the worsening of clinical symptoms led to the medical evacuation. The delayed diagnosis of the first case led to a fatal outcome. The second case recovered under ribavirin treatment. Conclusion. The emergence of this hemorrhagic fever confirms the existence of Lassa fever virus in Togo. After a period of intensive Ebola virus transmission from 2013 to 2015, this is an additional call for the establishment and enhancement of infection prevention and control measures in the health care setting in West Africa.

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16

Sattler, Rachel A., Slobodan Paessler, Hinh Ly, and Cheng Huang. "Animal Models of Lassa Fever." Pathogens 9, no. 3 (March 6, 2020): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9030197.

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Lassa virus (LASV), the causative agent of Lassa fever, is estimated to be responsible for up to 300,000 new infections and 5000 deaths each year across Western Africa. The most recent 2018 and 2019 Nigerian outbreaks featured alarmingly high fatality rates of up to 25.4%. In addition to the severity and high fatality of the disease, a significant population of survivors suffer from long-term sequelae, such as sensorineural hearing loss, resulting in a huge socioeconomic burden in endemic regions. There are no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved vaccines, and therapeutics remain extremely limited for Lassa fever. Development of countermeasures depends on relevant animal models that can develop a disease strongly mimicking the pathogenic features of Lassa fever in humans. The objective of this review is to evaluate the currently available animal models for LASV infection with an emphasis on their pathogenic and histologic characteristics as well as recent advances in the development of a suitable rodent model. This information may facilitate the development of an improved animal model for understanding disease pathogenesis of Lassa fever and for vaccine or antiviral testing.

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17

Ossai, Edmund Ndudi, Ogah Emeka Onwe, Nnaemeka Philips Okeagu, Amarachi Laura Ugwuoru, Thankgod Kelechi Eze, and Augustine Sunday Nwede. "Knowledge and preventive practices against Lassa fever among heads of households in Abakaliki metropolis, Southeast Nigeria: A cross-sectional study." Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare 29, no. 2 (February 19, 2020): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2010105819899120.

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Background: Lassa fever is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the knowledge and preventive measures against Lassa fever among heads of households in Abakaliki metropolis, Southeast Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. A four-stage sampling design was used to select 420 respondents from Abakaliki metropolis. A good knowledge of Lassa fever was determined by the proportion of respondents scoring ⩾50% in 15 variables. Good preventive practices against Lassa fever were determined by the proportion of respondents obtaining a score of ⩾50% in 12 variables. Results: The mean age of respondents was 34.1±9.4 years, and the majority (56.5%) were males. Major sources of information included television (66.4%) and radio (64.3%). A minority (11.0%) consume rats at present, while 86.7% knew that rats could transmit Lassa fever to humans. The majority (60.0%) had a good knowledge of Lassa fever, while 66.4% demonstrated good preventive practices. A predictor of good knowledge included being a consumer of rats, (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=2.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–4.9). Predictors of good preventive practices included being in a low socio-economic class (AOR=2.1; 95% CI 1.3–3.6) and having a good knowledge of Lassa fever (AOR=10.2; 95% CI: 6.2–10.6). Conclusions: The majority of respondents had a good knowledge of Lassa fever and demonstrated good preventive practices against it. A good knowledge of Lassa fever was associated with good preventive practices. There is need for a good understanding of Lassa fever among the population, as this will improve preventive practices. Health workers have an important role to play in disseminating information concerning Lassa fever.

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18

Rosenke, Kyle, David Safronetz, and Heinz Feldmann. "Biomarkers for Lassa fever outcome?" Annals of Infection 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/aoi.2018.09.02.

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19

Musa, Abdulmutalab. "An overview of Lassa fever." WikiJournal of Medicine 6, no. 1 (2019): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.15347/wjm/2019.002.

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20

Ehichioya, Deborah U., Meike Hass, Stephan Ölschläger, Beate Becker-Ziaja, Christian O. Onyebuchi Chukwu, Jide Coker, Abdulsalam Nasidi, Osi-Ogbu Ogugua, Stephan Günther, and Sunday A. Omilabu. "Lassa Fever, Nigeria, 2005–2008." Emerging Infectious Diseases 16, no. 6 (June 2010): 1040–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1606.100080.

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21

Du Toit, Andrea. "Lassa fever outbreak in Nigeria." Nature Reviews Microbiology 16, no. 5 (April 4, 2018): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2018.39.

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22

Raabe, Vanessa, and Jeffrey Koehler. "Laboratory Diagnosis of Lassa Fever." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 55, no. 6 (April 12, 2017): 1629–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00170-17.

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ABSTRACTLassa virus remains an important cause of illness in West Africa and among the travelers returning from this region with an acute febrile illness. The symptoms of Lassa fever can be nonspecific and mimic those of other endemic infections, especially early in illness, making a clinical diagnosis difficult; therefore, laboratory testing is needed to confirm the diagnosis. An early identification of Lassa fever is crucial for maximizing the benefit of available antiviral therapy, as treatment efficacy rapidly decreases following the clinical onset of the disease. This minireview provides an overview of the currently available diagnostic tests for Lassa fever and their strengths and weaknesses.

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23

Saluzzo, J. F., F. Adam, J. B. McCormick, and J. P. Digoutte. "Lassa Fever Virus in Senegal." Journal of Infectious Diseases 157, no. 3 (March 1, 1988): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/157.3.605.

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24

Cummins, D. "Lassa fever: 10 years on." BMJ 316, no. 7126 (January 17, 1998): 237–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.316.7126.237a.

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25

Fisher-Hoch, S. P., L. Hutwagner, B. Brown, and J. B. McCormick. "Effective Vaccine for Lassa Fever." Journal of Virology 74, no. 15 (August 1, 2000): 6777–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.15.6777-6783.2000.

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ABSTRACT Lassa fever has been estimated to cause 5,000 deaths annually in West Africa. Recently, war in the zone where Lassa fever is hyperendemic has severely impeded control and treatment. Vaccination is the most viable control measure. There is no correlation between antibody levels and outcome in human patients, and inactivated vaccines produce high titers of antibodies to all viral proteins but do not prevent virus replication and death in nonhuman primates. Accordingly, we vaccinated 44 macaques with vaccinia virus-expressed Lassa virus structural proteins separately and in combination, with the object of inducing a predominantly TH1-type immune response. Following Lassa virus challenge, all unvaccinated animals died (0% survival). Nine of 10 animals vaccinated with all proteins survived (90% survival). Although no animals that received full-length glycoprotein alone had a high titer of antibody, 17 of 19 survived challenge (88%). In contrast, all animals vaccinated with nucleoprotein developed high titers of antibody but 12 of 15 died (20% survival). All animals vaccinated with single glycoproteins, G1 or G2, died, but all those that received both single glycoproteins (G1 plus G2) at separate sites survived, showing that both glycoproteins are independently important in protection. Neither group had demonstrable antibody levels prior to challenge. We demonstrate that in primates, immune responses to epitopes on both glycoproteins are required to protect against lethal challenge with Lassa virus without having untoward side effects and that this protection is likely to be primarily cell mediated. We show that an effective, safe vaccine against Lassa virus can and should be made and that its evaluation for human populations is a matter of humanitarian priority.

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26

Cross, Robert W., Kathryn M. Hastie, Chad E. Mire, James E. Robinson, Thomas W. Geisbert, Luis M. Branco, Erica Ollmann Saphire, and Robert F. Garry. "Antibody therapy for Lassa fever." Current Opinion in Virology 37 (August 2019): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2019.07.003.

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27

Akpede, George O., Danny A. Asogun, Silvanus A. Okogbenin, and Peter O. Okokhere. "Lassa fever outbreaks in Nigeria." Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy 16, no. 9 (August 24, 2018): 663–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14787210.2018.1512856.

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28

Rybak, Leonard P. "Deafness Associated With Lassa Fever." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 264, no. 16 (October 24, 1990): 2119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1990.03450160089037.

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29

Rybak, L. P. "Deafness associated with Lassa fever." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 264, no. 16 (October 24, 1990): 2119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.264.16.2119.

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30

Fisher-Hoch, Susan P., J. B. McCormick, D. Sasso, and R. B. Craven. "Hematologic dysfunction in Lassa fever." Journal of Medical Virology 26, no. 2 (October 1988): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.1890260204.

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31

Egejuru, Ngozi Chidozie, Oluwatobiloba Victor Omotayo, Omanma Chidima Uche,, and Sarumi Olusegun Ajibola. "Development of a Fuzzy Logic Predictive Model for Lassa Fever Risk Detection." Advances in Multidisciplinary and scientific Research Journal Publication 10, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/maths/v10n2p7.

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Abstract- Although there is no vaccine to prevent Lassa fever, symptomatic therapy increases the patient's chances of survival. The antiviral medicine Ribavirin demonstrated being effective when administered early enough in the illness. Lassa fever clinical research is difficult. To lower the mortality and morbidity of Lassa fever, urgent research is underway. Through a search of pertinent literature and organized interviews with medical professionals, risk factors for Lassa fever were discovered. Fuzzy Logic Toolbox, MATLAB® R2009a, was used to create and simulate the model for predicting Lassa fever risk. The risk factors and target risk were created using triangle membership functions, which fuzzy inference engine inferred 384 rules from six risk parameters. The target class has No, Low, Moderate, and High risk as the linguistic labels. In the MATLAB environment, the validity of the inferred rules was tested. This work built and developed a model for predicting Lassa fever risk, which patient and non-medical specialists can use for early Lassa fever risk diagnosis. This will help decrease the mortality rate because early treatment aids in recovery. Keywords: Lassa fever, Rodent, Fuzzy Logic, Predictive Model, Simulation, Risk Factor.

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32

Goldsmith, C. S., H. G. Morrison, D. D. Auperin, S. G. Whitfield, and E. L. Palmer. "Vaccinia-lassa recombinant produces lassa-like inclusions." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 1036–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100157164.

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Lassa virus, a member of the Arenaviridae, is the etiologic agent of Lassa fever. The virus is endemic in widespread areas of West Africa, particularly Nigeria, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. Rough estimates indicate that there are upwards of 300,000 human infections annually, resulting in approximately 5000 fatalities. A safe and effective vaccine for Lassa fever is not yet available. Recent studies in our laboratories have focused on the development of recombinant vaccinia viruses that express the nucleoprotein and envelope glycoproteins of Lassa virus as potential vaccine candidates. Tissue culture cells infected with various recombinant viruses were examined by thin-section TEH for any morphological alterations.Tissue culture cells were infected with wild-type Lassa virus or with recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing either the Lassa virus nucleoprotein (NP). the envelope glycoproteins (GPI,GP2), or NP, GPI, and GP2 in combination. Cells were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.2M cacodylate buffer, postfixed in buffered 1% osmium tetroxide, and en bloc stained with 4% uranyl acetate. The samples were dehydrated and embedded in Polysciences Epon-substitute and Araldite. Sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

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33

Peters, C. J., Ching-Tong Lin, George W. Anderson, John C. Morrill, and Peter B. Jahrling. "Pathogenesis of Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers: Rift Valley Fever and Lassa Fever Contrasted." Clinical Infectious Diseases 11, Supplement_4 (May 1, 1989): S743—S749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/11.supplement_4.s743.

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34

Popova, O. D., O. V. Zubkova, T. A. Ozharovskaia, D. I. Zrelkin, D. V. Voronina, I. V. Dolzhikova, D. V. Shcheblyakov, B. S. Naroditsky, D. Yu Logunov, and A. L. Gintsburg. "Review of candidate vaccines for the prevention of Lassa fever." Problems of Virology 66, no. 2 (May 15, 2021): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-33.

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The Lassa virus one of the main etiological agent of hemorrhagic fevers in the world: according to WHO estimates, it affects 100,000 to 300,000 people annually, which results in up to 10,000 deaths [1]. Although expansion of Lassa fever caused by this pathogen is mostly limited to the West African countries: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea and Nigeria, imported cases have been historically documented in Europe, the United States of America (USA), Canada, Japan, and Israel [2]. In 2017, WHO included the Lassa virus in the list of priority pathogens in need of accelerated research, development of vaccines, therapeutic agents and diagnostic tools regarding infections they cause [3]. This review describes main technological platforms used for the development of vaccines for the prevention of Lassa fever.

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35

Alenoghena, I., and V. Omuemu. "Perception of Risk for Lassa Fever among Residents of a Rural Community in Edo State, Nigeria." Journal of Epidemiological Society of Nigeria 4, no. 1 (August 10, 2021): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/jeson.40.

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Background: The prevention and control of Lassa fever depends on the adoption of appropriate behavioural practices. The expected changes are best explained using the Health Belief Model. The study investigated respondents’ perception of their risk for Lassa fever infection and its associated factors in Akhalowa community of Edo State. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among eligible heads of households using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics on IBM SPSS version 22.0. A p-value < 0.05 at 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant. Results: The participants included 220 respondents with mean age (SD) of 37.9 (13.2) years. There were 127 (57.7%) females and 143 (65.0%) respondents had at least secondary education. One hundred and ninety one (86.8%) of them were aware of Lassa fever, out of which 146 (76.4%) had overall good perception of their risk for the disease and 144 (75.4%) agreed that Lassa fever was a problem in the community. One hundred and seventy seven (92.7%) agreed that complying with preventive measures would protect them against Lassa fever. Respondents’ good knowledge of Lassa fever was the only significant predictor of good perception of risk for Lassa fever [Odds Ratio=3.806; 95 CI = 1.498-9.672, p=0.005]. Conclusion: The study revealed overall good perception of risk for Lassa fever among the respondents. It is therefore recommended that this is sustained through continuous risk communication messages on the prevention and control of Lassa fever to the people by the Edo State and local governments.

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36

Ifejube, O. J., S. O. Babalola, I. O. Mukaila, and A. O. Badewa. "A GIS-BASED APPROACH TO RISK MAPPING OF LASSA FEVER OUTBREAK IN AKURE SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, NIGERIA." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-4/W3-2021 (January 10, 2022): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-4-w3-2021-147-2022.

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Abstract. Lassa fever is an acute viral illness, which is endemic in some counties in West Africa, including Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone and parts of Nigeria. It is caused by the Lassa virus, which is primarily hosted by multi-mammate rats that live in and around houses. This study sees the need to enhance public awareness by producing risk maps of Lassa fever for the study area. In a bid to understand and predict the prevalence of the disease in Akure South Local Government Area. Temporal and spatial analyses of Lassa fever cases were carried out, information about related environmental variables such as temperature, rainfall, vegetation, and elevation were obtained. These data sets from primary and secondary sources were integrated independently as predictor variables for the developed risk model. The accessibility of incidences of Lassa fever to health centres was determined and analysed. The risk map produced indicates that areas about the Ijoka community are at higher risk of being affected by a future Lassa fever outbreak than other areas. The model developed an understanding of the high risk and potential outbreak of Lassa fever to alert the general public of the virus to curb the future outbreak. However, future research can be on the control and prevention of Lassa fever in the study area.

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37

Amoo, Olufemi Samuel, Joseph Shaibu, Olumuyiwa Salu, Ifeoma Idigbe, Zaidat Musa, Gboyega Famokun, Oliver Ezechi, Babatunde Salako, Sunday Omilabu, and Rosemary Audu. "Comparative Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude/Practices and Prevention of Lassa fever among Community Dwellers and Contacts of Confirmed Patients in Endemic Areas of Ondo State, Nigeria." European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 3, no. 4 (August 19, 2021): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2021.3.4.962.

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Background: The current resurgence and transmission dynamics of Lassa fever (LF) within an endemic community in Nigeria calls for concern. Lassa fever virus is known to be transmitted from rodents to humans as well as from human to human. This study aims to compare the knowledge, attitude/practices and prevention of Community dwellers (CD) and Contacts of confirmed Lassa fever patients (CCP) with respect to LF in an endemic area in Nigeria. Methodology: This is a comparative cross-sectional study conducted between 2018 and 2019 during an outbreak of LF disease in Ondo State, Nigeria. A total of 250 consenting CD and 104 CCP were randomly selected to participate in this study. They were administered semi-structured questionnaires which were analysed using SPSSv23. Lassa fever disease causative agents, mode of transmission and prevention as well as actions on response to Lassa virus infections were assessed among respondents. Data were analysed and presented using descriptive statistics at 95% confidence interval and (p<0.05) level of significance. Results: The gender distribution for CD was 116 males and 134 females while for CCP, it was 43 males and 61 females. Furthermore, radio (CD= 55.8%, CCP= 20.8%) and public health campaign (CD= 40.4%, CCP= 26.5%) were the major sources of information on Lassa fever among respondents. A larger fraction of CCP (12.5%) erroneously believe mosquitoes are the mode of transmission of Lassa fever compared to CD (4.2%). Comparison also showed that higher proportion (60.6%) of CCP exhibits poor attitude/practices to Lassa fever infection compared to 4% of CD. Level of education for both CD and CCP respondents were statistically significantly associated with knowledge and prevention of Lassa fever. Conclusion: Comparatively, our study showed poor awareness on Lassa fever diseases, erroneous believes and need for positive attitudinal changes and practices towards LF prevention and control in affected communities.

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Daboer, JC, OY Sodipo, L. Okoro, IC Maimagani, JM Dogo, O. Ahgu, YO Tagurum, et al. "Comparison of Lassa fever prevention practices between public and private primary health care facilities in Jos, Plateau state, Nigeria." Journal of Epidemiological Society of Nigeria 2 (July 18, 2020): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/jeson.26.

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Background: Lassa fever is endemic in Nigeria and health care workers are at a high risk of contracting and transmitting the infection. This study compares Lassa fever prevention practices among health care providers in public and private Primary Health Care facilities in Jos.Methods: The study used a comparative cross-sectional design to study health care workers in 29 Primary Health Care facilities selected using a two-stage sampling technique. All health care workers who attended to patients were interviewed using a semistructured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23 and a p-value of ≤ 0.5 was considered statistically significant.Results: Majority of the respondents had neither received on-the-job training on Lassa fever prevention (91.9%) nor Universal Standard Precautions (88.7%). Private Primary Health Care facilities had better supplies and equipment for Lassa fever prevention compared to their public counterparts. Majority (65.8%) of respondents had poor Lassa fever prevention practices and this was worse in the private (75.4%) than the public (55.6%) facilities. No facility met all the requirements for Lassa fever prevention. Training had a statistically significant association with good practice among public Primary Health Care facilities. Conclusion: Noncompliance with Lassa fever prevention practice is still common in Primary Health Care facilities. This is worse in private facilities. Continuous training and improved supplies of materials and equipment are necessary for effective Lassa fever prevention among these health care providers.

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39

Steur, Nikolai A. K., and Carsten Mueller. "Classification of Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Focusing Ebola and Lassa Fever Using Neural Networks." International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing 9, no. 3 (June 2019): 334–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijmlc.2019.9.3.807.

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40

Hansen, Frederick, Michael A. Jarvis, Heinz Feldmann, and Kyle Rosenke. "Lassa Virus Treatment Options." Microorganisms 9, no. 4 (April 7, 2021): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040772.

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Lassa fever causes an approximate 5000 to 10,000 deaths annually in West Africa and cases have been imported into Europe and the Americas, challenging public health. Although Lassa virus was first described over 5 decades ago in 1969, no treatments or vaccines have been approved to treat or prevent infection. In this review, we discuss current therapeutics in the development pipeline for the treatment of Lassa fever, focusing on those that have been evaluated in humans or animal models. Several treatments, including the antiviral favipiravir and a human monoclonal antibody cocktail, have shown efficacy in preclinical rodent and non-human primate animal models and have potential for use in clinical settings. Movement of the promising preclinical treatment options for Lassa fever into clinical trials is critical to continue addressing this neglected tropical disease.

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Khare, Basant, Dolly Jain, Monika Jain, Sameeksha Jain, Pushpendra Kumar Khangar, and Deepak Kumar Jain. "An Overview of Lassa fever, an Rising Old World Haemorrhagic Viral Disease." Asian Journal of Dental and Health Sciences 2, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajdhs.v2i1.12.

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Lassa fever is an acute immunosuppressive illness of increasing public health concern causing severe morbidity and significant mortality especially in epidemic cases. Lassa fever is an acute viral zoonotic illness caused by Lassa virus, an arenavirus known to be responsible for a severe haemorrhagic fever characterised by fever, muscle aches, sore throat, nausea, vomiting, chest and abdominal pain. The virus exhibits persistent, asymptomatic infection with profuse urinary virus excretion in the ubiquitous rodent vector, Mastomys natalensis. Lassa fever is endemic in West Africa and has been reported from Sierra Leone, Guinea, Liberia, and Nigeria. The virus replicates through a strategy known as the Ambisense, where two RNA strands code for genes in both the sense and antisense direction that is rapid and demonstrate temporal control in replication. Different diagnostic tests for the virus are available, which range from viral culture to serological and molecular diagnostic tests. There is an urgent need to develop drugs and vaccines against the virus because the World Health Organization (WHO) has identified Lassa virus as one of the viruses that is likely to cause a future epidemic, although a research is ongoing to evaluate Lassa virus vaccine immunogenicity in the CBA/J-ML29 mouse model. This review gives an overview on the structure, replication cycle, pathogenesis and diagnosis of the virus. Keywords: Lassa fever, Lassa virus, Arenavirus, Replication, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis

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Hugonnet, S., Hugo Sax, and D. Pittet. "Management of viral haemorrhagic fevers in Switzerland." Eurosurveillance 7, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.07.03.00340-en.

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Over the past years, there have been very few imported cases of VHF in Switzerland: one confirmed and four suspected cases of Ebola fever in Basel in 1994, two suspected cases of Ebola and Lassa fevers in Lausanne in 2000, and in the same year, six suspected cases of Lassa fever in Geneva. Given the considerable diversity in the management of patients with suspected or confirmed VHF, national guidelines are needed, as well as the establishment of a national reference centre.

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ADEMUSIRE, Babatunde Isaac, Karolina Maria WIECZOREK, Aishat Temitope ALONGE, Anuska RAJEN, Joanne EGBE, Deborah ADEBAMBO, Chiamaka Bianca OFFORBUIKE, et al. "PROSPECTS OF LASSA FEVER CANDIDATE VACCINES." AFRICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 16, no. 2S (August 17, 2022): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21010/ajidv16i2s.6.

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Background: Lassa fever is an acute viral haemorrhagic disease caused by the Lassa virus (LASV). It is endemic in West Africa and infects about 300,000 people each year, leading to approximately 5000 deaths annually. The development of the LASV vaccine has been listed as a priority by the World Health Organization since 2018. Considering the accelerated development and availability of vaccines against COVID-19, we set out to assess the prospects of LASV vaccines and the progress made so far. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the progress made on twenty-six vaccine candidates listed by Salami et al. (2019) and searched for new vaccine candidates through Google Scholar, PubMed, and DOAJ from June to July 2021. We searched the articles published in English using keywords that included “vaccine” AND “Lassa fever” OR “Lassa virus” in the title/abstract. Results: Thirty-four candidate vaccines were identified – 26 already listed in the review by Salami et al. and an additional 8, which were developed over the last seven years. 30 vaccines are still in the pre-clinical stage while 4 of them are currently undergoing clinical trials. The most promising candidates in 2019 were vesicular stomatitis virus-vectored vaccine and live-attenuated MV/LASV vaccine; both had progressed to clinical trials. Conclusions: Despite the focus on COVID-19 vaccines since 2020, LASV vaccine is under development and continues to make impressive progress, hence more emphasis should be put into exploring further clinical studies related to the most promising types of vaccines identified.

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Ficenec, Samuel, Donald Grant, Susan Emmett, and John Schieffelin. "729. Lassa Fever Associated Hearing Loss." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2021): S463—S464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.926.

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Abstract Background Hearing loss (HL) is the second leading cause of disability affecting approximately 19% of the world’s population. Despite well known social, economic, and neurologic consequences this condition receives little attention. Lassa Fever (LF) was noted to be associated with HL shortly after its discovery in the 1970’s. However, the true burden of this sequelae is likely underestimated due to a lack of standardized measurement and reporting. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study of LF survivors and household controls in Kenema, Sierra Leone. Upon recruitment, survivors and controls were screened for HL by determining Pure Tone Averages (PTA) of air conduction thresholds using an AMBCO audiometer, according to WHO standards. Individuals found to have elevated PTAs were referred to confirmatory testing measuring both air and bone thresholds using a SHOEBOX audiometer to differentiate sensorineural and conductive HL. All subjects completed symptom questionnaires and physical exams to understand the full spectrum of viral sequelae. Results 94 LF survivors and 281 controls were recruited. The average age of LF survivors was higher than controls (32.9 vs 28.7, p=0.008). Of these 94 LF survivors, 40 (43%) were found to have HL in comparison to 40 (14%) of controls (p< 0.001). Lassa fever survivors were also found to have significantly worse HL with 16 (40%) found to have profound HL compared to only 2 (5%) of controls (p< 0.001). Logistic regression of this cohort found that LF infection (OR = 1.30, p< 0.001), any inner or middle ear symptoms (OR = 1.20, p=0.041), or pharyngeal symptoms (OR = 1.23, p=0.012) were significant risk factors of developing HL (p< 0.001). Interestingly the development of any pulmonary symptoms was protective of HL (OR = 0.86, p=0.039). Animal model studies suggested that LF infection may result in the development of an ANCA vasculitis which may be causative of LF sequelae. A subset of LF survivors (n=80) and IgG negative controls (n=9) were tested for ANCA proteins, of these 20 (25%) survivors vs 5 (55%) tested positive with mean concentrations of 202.4 µg/ml and 135.7 µg/ml (p=0.449), respectively. Conclusion This data further characterizes the sequelae of LF and suggests mechanisms of pathogenesis of symptoms. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Chinedu, Obasi, Mbah C. E. Godwin, Didigwu Ndidiamaka, and Offor Paschal. "Mathematical Treatment Model of Lassa Fever." Journal of Mathematical Sciences & Computational Mathematics 3, no. 2 (January 3, 2022): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15864/jmscm.3202.

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We present and explore a novel mathematical treatment model of the epidemiology of Lassa Fever (LF). The model is a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equation model for rodent and human population. We analyzed the model to find the stability of the disease-free equilibrium and test which model parameters affect this stability most significantly. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of treatment on the control of LF. The analysis revealed that treatment rate of humans will have a positive impact in reducing the burden of LF in the population. Our model predicts that treatment control can reduce the population level transmission by up to 12% alone without existing interventions. Therefore, treatment has significant effect on LF transmission, but it may not be able to eliminate the disease unless a multiple control strategy is adopted. Finally, some numerical simulations were carried out to support our theoretical results.

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Panning, Marcus, Petra Emmerich, Stephan Ölschläger, Sergiusz Bojenko, Lamine Koivogui, Arthur Marx, Peter Clement Lugala, Stephan Günther, Daniel G. Bausch, and Christian Drosten. "Laboratory Diagnosis of Lassa Fever, Liberia." Emerging Infectious Diseases 16, no. 6 (June 2010): 1041–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1606.100040.

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Amorosa, Valerianna, Adam MacNeil, Ryan McConnell, Ami Patel, Katherine E. Dillon, Keith Hamilton, Bobbie Rae Erickson, et al. "Imported Lassa Fever, Pennsylvania, USA, 2010." Emerging Infectious Diseases 16, no. 10 (October 2010): 1598–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1610.100774.

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Hadi, Christiane M., Augustine Goba, Sheik Humarr Khan, James Bangura, Mbalu Sankoh, Saffa Koroma, Baindu Juana, Alpha Bah, Mamadou Coulibaly, and Daniel G. Bausch. "Ribavirin for Lassa Fever Postexposure Prophylaxis." Emerging Infectious Diseases 16, no. 12 (December 2010): 2009–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1612.100994.

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Lukashevich, Igor. "Advanced Vaccine Candidates for Lassa Fever." Viruses 4, no. 11 (October 29, 2012): 2514–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v4112514.

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&NA;. "Imported Lassa Fever: New Jersey, 2004." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 24, no. 2 (February 2005): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.inf.0000154219.12612.06.

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