Books on the topic 'Layout problem'

This chapter provides a clear introduction to the book, explaining the value of social science theories in developing strategies for solving complex environmental problems. It articulates why technical fixes alone, even brilliant ones based on excellent science, are rarely sufficient to influence meaningful change. Without navigating the complexities of human behaviors and relationships, their implementation is rarely effective. Social scientists have developed a massive amount of knowledge about these complexities, resulting in well-tested theories. This book is about turning those theories into strategies. This chapter explains the layout of the book and provides tips for how to make best use of it. Readers are encouraged to approach the book with an adaptive mindset, which should better enable readers to consider multiple theories within the context of any specific real world problem they might face.

Chapter 2 teases out the fraught links between authoritarianism, authority, and authorship, using Salvador Plascencia’s The People of Paper. The characters stage a revolution against the author of their world, whom they accuse of controlling the plots of their lives and using omniscient narration to profit from their stories. In contrast to the author-as-god analogy, the chapter explores the analogy of the author-as-dictator. The layout of the novel formally reflects the effects of surveillance and visually depicts the struggle against the militarization of the U.S.-Mexico border and the exploitation of undocumented migrants. The novel grapples with the problem of defending the rights of agricultural laborers and people without papers in the pages of a novel that circulates as a commodity and poses questions about possible alternative economic and narrative ethics that could be used in the service of social and narrative justice. The chapter ultimately wrestles with the contradiction that writing, which is as a form of power and violence, is used to resist repressive power.

This chapter discusses the different characteristics of critical edition. It illustrates a global view of the processes and key components of digital critical edition with examples of problems and concrete solutions. The chapter aims to describe how “traditional” components of critical edition—the critical apparatus, the page layout, indexes, and different types of reference systems—can be combined, through digital technology, with tools for analysis and dynamic organization under the reader's control. Through examples of online productions, the chapter shows how the historical modes and conventions are reformulated in a digital environment and how digitally specific modalities can renew critical edition projects.

Clinical Electromyography in Clinical Practice provides case-based learning of clinical Electromyography (EMG) with a main mission of reducing the gap between theory and practice in the field of electrodiagnostic medicine. The book format includes four introductory chapters that acquaint the discipline and scope of the EMG Examination to the beginners. This include chapters on nerve conduction studies, needle EMG, and specialized testing including late responses, repetitive nerve stimulation and single fiber EMG. Discussion on the electrodiagnostic and clinical EMG findings in the numerous neuromuscular disorders including anterior horn cell disorders, peripheral neuropathies, neuromuscular junction disorders and myopathies. The second part of the book includes comprehensive presentations of 27 cases that encompass the most common disorders encountered in the EMG laboratory and are presented in a similar layout. These are subdivided into (1) focal disorders of the lower extremity, (2) focal disorders of the upper extremity, and (3) generalized neuromuscular disorders. The book focuses on problem solving through analysis of the data obtained on nerve conduction studies and needle EMG. This is meant to be a bedside analysis of data, similar to what occurs in the EMG laboratory on a daily basis. The exact values obtained on nerve conduction studies are examined and the details of the findings on needle EMG are studied. A final diagnosis is then made. This is followed by a detailed discussion of the clinical and electrodiagnostic findings of the disorder. Clinical Electromyography in Clinical Practice is an ideal book for physicians interested in learning and mastering the clinical practice of clinical EMG. This includes specialists in the field of neurology, physical medicine and rehabilitation, orthopedics, hand surgery, neurosurgery, spine, rheumatology and pain management.

Physics of the Body provides a wealth of information on the relationship between physics and the functions of the various systems of the body, such as the eyes, ears, lungs, and heart. The authors’ enthusiasm and good humor have delighted readers for years. Although it was written primarily as a text for students who have some knowledge of elementary physics, the book is interesting and understandable to any person who is curious about how the body works. This book is intended primarily for students who plan to make a career in some field of medicine. The mathematics is at the algebra level. Various problems are included to test the reader’s understanding of the concepts presented. This revised edition features an updated page layout and sharpened images.

An essential tool to help improve communication between pediatrician and patient or family, Plain Language Pediatrics offers a framework for implementing a plain language approach to communication in your office, and provides specific steps you can take to ensure the information you present to patients and their parents is clearly understood. Included are 25 reproducible plain language patient education handouts--in English and Spanish! Plain Language Pediatrics combines health literacy and plain language principles to present information in a way that makes it as easy as possible for everyone to understand, and applies these principles to a variety of ambulatory acute, chronic, and preventive conditions. Common pediatric topics such as asthma, ADHD, ear infections, and medical dosing are addressed in detail. This robust resource is divided into 2 parts. Part I explores limited health literacy, including the scope of the problem, how it affects children in particular, and how health care providers can address and overcome health literacy issues with patients and their caregivers. At the heart of Part II is a new series of 25 reproducible patient education handouts in English and Spanish that feature need-to-know information up front, health care terms and jargon, practical pronunciation guides, low reading levels, user-friendly layouts, and simple, purposeful illustrations.

Hard coal mining is characterised by features that pose numerous challenges to its current operations and cause strategic and operational problems in planning its development. The most important of these include the high capital intensity of mining investment projects and the dynamically changing environment in which the sector operates, while the long-term role of the sector is dependent on factors originating at both national and international level. At the same time, the conditions for coal mining are deteriorating, the resources more readily available in active mines are being exhausted, mining depths are increasing, temperature levels in pits are rising, transport routes for staff and materials are getting longer, effective working time is decreasing, natural hazards are increasing, and seams with an increasing content of waste rock are being mined. The mining industry is currently in a very difficult situation, both in technical (mining) and economic terms. It cannot be ignored, however, that the difficult financial situation of Polish mining companies is largely exacerbated by their high operating costs. The cost of obtaining coal and its price are two key elements that determine the level of efficiency of Polish mines. This situation could be improved by streamlining the planning processes. This would involve striving for production planning that is as predictable as possible and, on the other hand, economically efficient. In this respect, it is helpful to plan the production from operating longwalls with full awareness of the complexity of geological and mining conditions and the resulting economic consequences. The constraints on increasing the efficiency of the mining process are due to the technical potential of the mining process, organisational factors and, above all, geological and mining conditions. The main objective of the monograph is to identify relations between geological and mining parameters and the level of longwall mining costs, and their daily output. In view of the above, it was assumed that it was possible to present the relationship between the costs of longwall mining and the daily coal output from a longwall as a function of onerous geological and mining factors. The monograph presents two models of onerous geological and mining conditions, including natural hazards, deposit (seam) parameters, mining (technical) parameters and environmental factors. The models were used to calculate two onerousness indicators, Wue and WUt, which synthetically define the level of impact of onerous geological and mining conditions on the mining process in relation to: —— operating costs at longwall faces – indicator WUe, —— daily longwall mining output – indicator WUt. In the next research step, the analysis of direct relationships of selected geological and mining factors with longwall costs and the mining output level was conducted. For this purpose, two statistical models were built for the following dependent variables: unit operating cost (Model 1) and daily longwall mining output (Model 2). The models served two additional sub-objectives: interpretation of the influence of independent variables on dependent variables and point forecasting. The models were also used for forecasting purposes. Statistical models were built on the basis of historical production results of selected seven Polish mines. On the basis of variability of geological and mining conditions at 120 longwalls, the influence of individual parameters on longwall mining between 2010 and 2019 was determined. The identified relationships made it possible to formulate numerical forecast of unit production cost and daily longwall mining output in relation to the level of expected onerousness. The projection period was assumed to be 2020–2030. On this basis, an opinion was formulated on the forecast of the expected unit production costs and the output of the 259 longwalls planned to be mined at these mines. A procedure scheme was developed using the following methods: 1) Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) – mathematical multi-criteria decision-making method, 2) comparative multivariate analysis, 3) regression analysis, 4) Monte Carlo simulation. The utilitarian purpose of the monograph is to provide the research community with the concept of building models that can be used to solve real decision-making problems during longwall planning in hard coal mines. The layout of the monograph, consisting of an introduction, eight main sections and a conclusion, follows the objectives set out above. Section One presents the methodology used to assess the impact of onerous geological and mining conditions on the mining process. Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) is reviewed and basic definitions used in the following part of the paper are introduced. The section includes a description of AHP which was used in the presented analysis. Individual factors resulting from natural hazards, from the geological structure of the deposit (seam), from limitations caused by technical requirements, from the impact of mining on the environment, which affect the mining process, are described exhaustively in Section Two. Sections Three and Four present the construction of two hierarchical models of geological and mining conditions onerousness: the first in the context of extraction costs and the second in relation to daily longwall mining. The procedure for valuing the importance of their components by a group of experts (pairwise comparison of criteria and sub-criteria on the basis of Saaty’s 9-point comparison scale) is presented. The AHP method is very sensitive to even small changes in the value of the comparison matrix. In order to determine the stability of the valuation of both onerousness models, a sensitivity analysis was carried out, which is described in detail in Section Five. Section Six is devoted to the issue of constructing aggregate indices, WUe and WUt, which synthetically measure the impact of onerous geological and mining conditions on the mining process in individual longwalls and allow for a linear ordering of longwalls according to increasing levels of onerousness. Section Seven opens the research part of the work, which analyses the results of the developed models and indicators in individual mines. A detailed analysis is presented of the assessment of the impact of onerous mining conditions on mining costs in selected seams of the analysed mines, and in the case of the impact of onerous mining on daily longwall mining output, the variability of this process in individual fields (lots) of the mines is characterised. Section Eight presents the regression equations for the dependence of the costs and level of extraction on the aggregated onerousness indicators, WUe and WUt. The regression models f(KJC_N) and f(W) developed in this way are used to forecast the unit mining costs and daily output of the designed longwalls in the context of diversified geological and mining conditions. The use of regression models is of great practical importance. It makes it possible to approximate unit costs and daily output for newly designed longwall workings. The use of this knowledge may significantly improve the quality of planning processes and the effectiveness of the mining process.