Academic literature on the topic 'Life without parole sentence'
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Journal articles on the topic "Life without parole sentence"
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Pettigrew, Mark. "Deterioration and the long term prisoner: a descriptive analysis of Myra Hindley." International Journal of Prisoner Health 12, no. 2 (2016): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-10-2015-0036.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore supposed inevitable personal decline for long-term prisoners, particularly those serving a sentence of life without parole. Design/methodology/approach – Using the prison records of a life without parole sentenced prisoner. Findings – Findings suggest that prisoner deterioration is not inevitable in a whole life prison sentence. Research limitations/implications – Findings are based on one account, of a female prisoner. Practical implications – Distinct services and support are required for those with a natural life prison sentence. Originality/value – To date, there is limited research of prisoners serving life without parole, particularly the mental health implications of denying a prisoner future parole.
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Leigey, Margaret E., and Doris Schartmueller. "The Fiscal and Human Costs of Life Without Parole." Prison Journal 99, no. 2 (2019): 241–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885519825496.
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In recent decades, the United States has increasingly relied on life-without-parole (LWOP) sentences. Due to its indeterminacy, such a sentence involves tremendous fiscal and human costs. This study first examines the use of LWOP in Louisiana, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts, which have high percentages of LWOP inmates in their prison populations. After a comparison of what type of convictions trigger LWOP, we discuss the impact the LWOP population has had on the states’ correctional systems. We then assess the human costs of LWOP by problematizing the indeterminacy of the sentence and comparing how international and domestic courts have restricted its use.
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Smith, Tobias, and Su Jiang. "Making sense of life without parole in China." Punishment & Society 21, no. 1 (2017): 70–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1462474517739848.
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In 2015, the People’s Republic of China introduced the sentence of lifelong imprisonment for a single, non-violent crime: corruption. Although life without the possibility of parole statutes were increasingly common in the US and across the world by the late 20th century, this is the first such statute ever introduced in China. While introducing the new punishment for corruption, China, the world’s leading executioner, retained the death penalty for corruption as well. This study examines the reasons for China’s adoption of life without the possibility of parole and situates China in global debates about the punitive turn and capital punishment. It also provides insights for understanding how the adoption of life without the possibility of parole fits into a wider constellation of penal practices.
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Gilbert, Jeremiah J. "'The Same as a Death Sentence': Juvenile Life without Parole." Journal of Prisoners on Prisons 18, no. 1-2 (2009): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/jpp.v18i1-2.5340.
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Harris, Anjelica. "“We Can’t Just Throw Our Children Away”." Texas A&M Law Review 7, no. 3 (2020): 613–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v7.i3.4.
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In the words of Supreme Court Justice Elena Kagan, children are different. The issue of how to sentence juvenile offenders has long been controversial. Although psychology acknowledges the connection between incomplete juvenile brain development and increased criminality, the justice system lags behind in how it handles juvenile offenders. A prime example is the case of Bobby Bostic, who at the age of sixteen was charged with eighteen offenses and sentenced to 241 years in prison. This sentence, known as a term-of-years or virtual life sentence, essentially guarantees that no matter what Bobby does or who he proves himself to be as an adult, he will die in prison. Since Bobby’s sentencing in 1997, the Supreme Court has held that sentencing juveniles to death violates the Eighth Amendment and has banned life without parole for juvenile offenders. Despite landmark Supreme Court decisions, a gap in the law continues to exist when it comes to juvenile non-homicide of- fenders who are certified and tried as adults. Thousands of juvenile offenders are now trapped in the legal gap that exists in the distinction, or lack thereof, between life without parole and lengthy term-of-years sentences. This Comment will explore the gap in the law, the various ways the States have chosen to handle this issue, and will propose a possible solution for Texas.
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Sorensen, Jonathan R., and Thomas J. Reidy. "Nothing to Lose? An Examination of Prison Misconduct Among Life-Without-Parole Inmates." Prison Journal 99, no. 1 (2018): 46–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885518814719.
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Inmates serving life-without-parole (LWOP) have been described as having “nothing to lose” by virtue of their sentence, leading to an assumption that they are more prone to disciplinary violations. This study refutes such an argument and is consistent with research demonstrating that LWOP inmates do not pose a disproportional risk for disciplinary misconduct. Results from our study comparing LWOP with parole-eligible, life-sentenced (LWP) inmates revealed neither significant differences in the total violation count nor the time to commission of an act of disciplinary misconduct. Trajectories of misconduct showed slightly higher prevalence of misconduct among LWOP inmates, a pattern of declining prevalence during the first 18 months of confinement, and a convergence with LWP inmates thereafter. The failure of assumptions of high violence risk for LWOP inmates has important public policy and correctional implications.
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D’Angelo, Jill. "Book Review: The forgotten men: Serving a life without parole sentence." Criminal Justice Review 41, no. 1 (2015): 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016815604703.
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Hussemann, Jeanette, and Jonah Siegel. "Decision-Making and Holistic Public Defense Post-Montgomery v. Louisiana." Criminal Justice Policy Review 31, no. 6 (2019): 886–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403419871601.
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In 2012, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Miller v. Alabama that mandatory sentences of life without the possibility of parole (LWOP) for youth are unconstitutional. In 2016, the Court held in Montgomery v. Louisiana that the ruling in Miller should be applied retroactively. Drawing from qualitative interviews with justice actors, and individuals who were sentenced to LWOP as juveniles and paroled, this article examines the implementation of Miller-Montgomery in Michigan, the factors that influence decisions to release juvenile lifers, and their reentry process. In doing so, we focus specific attention to the role of publicly appointed defense attorneys and the application of holistic defense practices to support Montgomery case mitigation and juvenile lifer reentry. Findings indicate that institutional disciplinary and programming records, emotional wellness, statements by victims’ family members, political considerations, and reentry plans are key considerations when deciding whether a juvenile lifer should be eligible for parole.
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Milne, David. "Youth Advocates Fight to End Life-Without-Parole Sentences." Psychiatric News 41, no. 18 (2006): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.41.18.0010.
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Daly, Rich. "Fewer Young Criminals May Face Life-Without-Parole Sentences." Psychiatric News 44, no. 20 (2009): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.44.20.0016a.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Life without parole sentence"
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Leigey, Margaret E. "Life while serving life examining the correctional experiences of older inmates serving a life without parole sentence /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 439 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1397904001&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Abraham, Glenn J. "PRISONERS SERVING SENTENCES OF LIFE WITHOUT PAROLE: A QUALITATIVE STUDY AND SURVEY." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/814.
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This mixed methods exploratory study examined how adult male prisoners serving sentences of life without parole adapt to the probability that they will be incarcerated for the remainder of their lives. As a second element, state prison wardens were surveyed about their support for the provision of certain amenities to those serving life without parole and the extent to which they believed those prisoners presented a risk of future dangerousness. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 24 inmates serving sentences of life without parole at a high security prison in Ohio. Informants identified factors that made adjustment more difficult or which enhanced the ability to adapt. Some study participants expressed hope that a favorable court decision or a change in sentencing laws would lead to release from prison. A survey sent to 430 state prison wardens asked if they supported providing prisoners serving life without parole amenities involving access to academic and vocational education programs, special housing assignments, and special programs to enhance adaptation. Wardens were asked to rate the extent to which they believed those prisoners presented a risk of future dangerousness. Study hypotheses were tested to determine if factors related to wardens’ prior work experience as a correction officer or in a treatment position, opinions about the primary purpose of prison, experience as a warden of a facility that housed prisoners serving life without parole, level of educational attainment, and gender impacted support for amenities and perception of future dangerousness. Three different two-way ANOVA tests were conducted, each of which had a categorical predictor variable and moderating independent variables of educational attainment and gender. Several of the main effects did reach the level of statistical significance. A reported belief that rehabilitation was the primary purpose of prison and level of educational attainment were significant in predicting wardens’ support for amenities. Having served as the warden of a prison at which inmates serving life without parole were housed and being female were found to be related to a lower perception of future dangerousness.
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Corrington, David L. "Life without Parole for Juvenile Offenders: Questions of Legality and Adolescent Culpability." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc31530/.
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Life without parole for juvenile offenders is a controversial issue across the globe. Recently, the United States stands alone as the only country in the world that allows juvenile offenders to be sentenced to life time confinement without the possibility of parole. Furthermore, the U.S. has seen an increase in juvenile waivers and blended sentences, which has resulted in harsher penalties for juvenile offenders who have committed serious and violent crimes. This analysis examines scientific evidence that shows juveniles are different from adults in terms of brain development, rational decision making abilities, and maturity levels. These findings have questioned the reasoning behind imposing adult punishment on adolescent behavior. This analysis also presents the legal arguments suggesting that juvenile life without parole is unconstitutional and violates the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments. Arguments for and against life sentences were also presented. This study concludes with a discussion of policy implications, whether the U.S. Supreme Court should abolish juvenile life without parole sentencing practices and explores the possible future direction of juvenile sentencing in the United States.
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Forde, Robert Anthony. "Risk assessment in parole decisions : a study of life sentence prisoners in England and Wales." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5476/.
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This thesis examines the relationships between risk assessment and parole decisions. Chapter 1 introduces the problem. Chapter 2 systematically reviews 29 papers involving 20,568 participants, concluding that practices vary widely, but subjective rather than evidence-based risk assessment predominates. Chapter 3 reports a study of how parole decisions related to three widely-used risk assessment instruments (the PCL-R, the HCR-20, and the SVR-20), and recommendations of professionals (psychologists and probation officers) on 100 life sentence prisoners in England and Wales, 84 of whom were eligible for parole. The study found that parole decisions were related to the recommendations of professionals, especially that of the offender manager (external probation officer). Professional recommendations themselves were related to the more subjective subscales of the risk assessment instruments. Chapter 4 considers an instrument used in the research, the PCL-R psychopathy assessment, concluding that the PCL-R, although it may have been successful in academic research, lacks reliability when used as a risk assessment instrument “in the field”. Chapter 5 discusses the findings, concluding that the present system of risk assessment for parole in England and Wales is not evidence-based and that as a result many low-risk prisoners are likely to undergo prolonged detention unnecessarily.
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Evrigenis, Amelia. ""Death is Different" Jurisprudence and LWOP: Rethinking Life Without Parole in American Criminal Justice." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1037.
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Kirk, Lisa R. "A Content Analysis of Media Accounts of Death Penalty and Life Without Parole Cases." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3184.
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The study analyzed a convenience sample of published accounts of death penalty cases and life without parole cases. The objective of the study was to explore factors that influence the selection of cases for coverage in books, think tank reports (e.g., Heritage Foundation), and periodicals and factors related to coverage of homicides resulting in a death penalty sentence or a life without parole sentence (often termed “America’s other death penalty”).
Since this study was exploratory, hypotheses were not offered. However, prior research on the death penalty and on life without parole offered several clues. For example, since black offender/white victim homicides were more likely to result in a death penalty sentence, it was expected that such homicides would more likely to be covered. Since conservatives were more likely to favor the death penalty and liberals were likely to oppose it, it was expected that coverage would vary by how conservative or liberal the coverage source. For example, how the Heritage Foundation covered cases was expected to be different from coverage by Human Rights Watch.
In summary, my study revealed opposite results of previous research studies. The results of my study are probably skewed because of the small sample size. A bigger sample size would more than likely resulted in more accurate and reliable results.
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Vannier, Marion. "In the shadow of death : the normalization of life without parole and death penalty abolitionism in California." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1fe0b555-ed02-41bd-879a-1d18a1fa9650.
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Since its introduction in 1978 as an alternative to the death penalty, there has been a dramatic increase and expansion of life without parole (LWOP), including beyond the scope of capital crimes for which it was originally devised. Despite this growth, there has been limited political and academic attention paid to this punishment and very few attempts made to narrow its scope or curtail its proliferation. Moreover, some inmates on death row find the prospect of awaiting death in prison so bleak that they have opposed reformative efforts that would commute their death sentence to LWOP. Emerging scholarship suggests the punishment has been 'normalized', in part because of how some death penalty abolitionists have framed and instrumentalized LWOP. By providing a more substantive and granular account, drawing upon a wide range of evidence, this thesis significantly deepens and extends this claim. 'Normalization' here is defined as a set of mechanisms through which the punishment has been made to seem normal, specifically: routinization, limited visibility, and denial. The concept does not propose a measure of severity. Rather, it offers a lens through which to explore how a punishment's severity can be shaped to fit either a punitive or moderate model of punishment. To discuss the extent to which some opponents to the death penalty may have facilitated, participated in, or perhaps even animated such normalizing mechanisms, this thesis privileges a 'Punishment and Society' multidisciplinary approach and focuses on three sites where abolitionists have lobbied, campaigned, pled and settled, for LWOP: Congress, the broader political sphere, and courtrooms. This dissertation then contrasts abolitionists' representation of LWOP's severity with prisoners' lived experience. The investigation is carried out between the early 1900s, when the punishment was first imagined, and 2012, when the SAFE Campaign was launched in California to replace capital punishment with LWOP. The thesis sheds light on how, in the shadow of the traditional death penalty, other extreme forms of punishment have been modelled to appear 'moderate'. Ultimately, the normalization of life without parole illustrates how extreme punitiveness can subsist in the guise of penal moderation.
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Martin, Kieshia. "An Evaluation of Juvenile Lifers in Pennsylvania Pre and Post Act 33 of 1995." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5637.
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Act 33 of 1995 is an amendment to Pennsylvania's Juvenile Act (2008). This amendment changed jurisdictional boundaries for juvenile offenders who committed violent crimes with weapons. As a result, youth who committed violent crimes with weapons were automatically transferred to the adult criminal justice system. Using punctuated equilibrium as the theoretical foundation, the purpose of this study was to determine if Act 33, as a punctuating event, resulted in an increase in the number of youth transferred to the adult criminal justice system and sentenced to life without the possibility of parole in an urban county in Pennsylvania. Secondary data (N = 143) were acquired from the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections on juveniles sentenced to life without the possibility of parole in Pennsylvania pre and post Act 33. Chi-square test with 2-way contingency table analysis was used to analyze the data. Results did not indicate a statistically significant association between the numbers of juveniles transferred to the adult criminal justice system and sentenced to life without the possibility of parole and the implementation of Pennsylvania of Act 33. The positive social change implications of this study include recommendations to the Pennsylvania legislators to increase state funds in order to implement service integration for juvenile lifers returning to the community.
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Mc, Kay Krystina. "Une étude sur le processus de changement menant au désistement criminel d’un détenu purgeant une peine à perpétuité dans la collectivité." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16100.
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La présente étude explore la trajectoire de vie d’un détenu condamné à une peine à perpétuité qui bénéficie d’une libération conditionnelle totale afin d’identifier laquelle ou lesquelles des cinq grandes conceptualisations théoriques du désistement criminel permettent le mieux d’expliquer sa trajectoire de désistement. Pour atteindre cet objectif, une méthodologie qualitative de type exploratoire a été privilégiée. Un homme purgeant une peine à perpétuité dans la collectivité a été rencontré en contexte d’entretiens afin de restituer en profondeur son histoire de vie et cerner, à la lumière des théories recensées, les concepts applicables à son désistement criminel. Une série de neuf entretiens d’environ une heure et demie a été réalisée. Le récit de vie de monsieur P est présenté et analysé pour illustrer l’applicabilité des principales conceptualisations théoriques du désistement criminel qui ont été recensées dans le présent mémoire. L’analyse des données recueillies a permis de faire ressortir l’importance de considérer le concept identitaire dans le processus de désistement et le changement psychologique qui l’accompagne. La discussion aborde quelques pistes d’interventions susceptibles de soutenir le travail des membres du personnel qui œuvrent auprès des délinquants qui purgent de longues peines. Celles-ci prennent en compte les défis posés par la clientèle particulière des détenus à perpétuité et cherchent à maximiser leur réintégration sociale lors de leur mise en liberté.<br>This research explores the life trajectory of an offender serving a life sentence in the community after having been granted a full parole. The goal of this research is to identify which of the five main theoretical concepts, explaining the cessation of criminal behavior, best indicates what led him to cease his criminal behavior. To reach this objective, an exploratory qualitative research was preferred. A man serving a life sentence in the community was interviewed on numerous occasions. These interviews were aimed at getting the utmost account of his life story and then, by integrating the appropriate theories in the research process, selecting the concepts that best explained the cessation of his criminal behavior. A series of nine interviews, each one lasting approximately an hour and a half, were conducted. For the purpose of this memoir, the life story of Mr. P is presented and analyzed so has to illustrate the application of the main theoretical concepts linked to the cessation of criminal behavior. By analyzing the data collected, the importance of considering the identity concept in the cessation of criminal behavior was noted just as the psychological change that comes with it. The discussion also addresses certain intervention strategies that are likely to offer an improved support for people working with offenders serving long sentences. These interventions take into account the challenges that arise when working with this type of clientele and they aim at maximizing the social reinsertion potential of these individuals upon release.
Books on the topic "Life without parole sentence"
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Hassine, Victor. Life without parole: Living in prison today. Roxbury Pub. Co., 1996.
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Life without parole: Living in prison today. 4th ed. Oxford University Press, Inc., 2009.
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J, Bernard Thomas, McCleary Richard, and Wright Richard A. 1953-, eds. Life without parole: Living in prison today. 2nd ed. Roxbury Pub. Co., 1999.
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Bob, Harris. Steal this book and get life without parole. Common Courage Press, 1999.
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Life without parole: Drugs, murder, prison, new life in God. Pacific Press Pub., 2008.
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1948-, Johnson Robert, and Tabriz Sonia, eds. Life without parole: Living and dying in prison today. 5th ed. Oxford University Press, 2010.
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Beyond the tariff: Human rights and the release of life sentence prisoners. Willan, 2002.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Life without parole sentence"
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Sorensen, Jonathan R., and Thomas J. Reidy. "Incapacitation and Life Without Parole." In Routledge Handbook on Capital Punishment. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315624723-11.
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Dick, Andrew j., William Rich, and Tony Waters. "Vignette: Life Without Parole and “Could Be Worse”." In Prison Vocational Education and Policy in the United States. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56469-6_17.
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Shook, Jeffrey J. "Sentencing Juveniles to Life in Prison Without the Opportunity for Parole." In Handbook of Juvenile Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry. Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0905-2_7.
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Drinan, Cara H. "The Future of Juvenile Life-Without-Parole Sentences." In The Eighth Amendment and Its Future in a New Age of Punishment. Cambridge University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108653732.020.
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"Chapter 11. Abolishing Sentences of Life Without Parole for Juvenile Offenders." In Campaigning for Justice. Stanford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780804784382-014.
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Tyson, Sarah. "The Heart of the Other?" In Deconstructing the Death Penalty. Fordham University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823280100.003.0013.
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In the United States, life without parole (LWOP) has become the leading alternative to the death penalty. However, we have compelling reason to be suspicious what passes for the abolition of the death penalty. If, with the death penalty, we have the calculation of the precise moment a life will end, with LWOP we have a different sort of calculation: however long the life of the accused, that will be length of punishment appropriate to this crime. The only possible life after a sentence of LWOP would be the afterlife of civil and social death. This chapter moves between Derrida’s seminar on the death penalty, his interview “Death Penalties,” and the written reflections of people serving LWOP sentences, particularly Spoon Jackson, and people condemned to die to interrogate the leading “alternative” to the death penalty and to continue the work of thinking deconstructive abolitionism.
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Kavanaugh, Antoinette, and Thomas Grisso. "The Legal Context." In Evaluations for Sentencing of Juveniles in Criminal Court. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190052812.003.0001.
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The chapter begins with a brief introduction, describing the scope and types of evaluations for juvenile sentencing in criminal court, offering the reader relevant terminology and an introduction to the book’s purpose. The primary focus of the chapter is on the relevant law for these evaluations. It describes relevant U.S. Supreme Court cases, especially Miller v. Alabama, which abolished mandatory life without parole sentences for juveniles and required developmental analysis to inform juvenile sentencing, as well as Montgomery v. Louisiana, which required resentencing for persons previously receiving mandatory life without parole sentences as juveniles. Miller’s definitions for the standards to be applied in juvenile sentencing and resentencing are then introduced and discussed: the legal concept of “irreparable corruption” and the five “Miller factors” defining characteristics of immaturity relevant for sentencing. Finally, the chapter describes the legal process for juvenile sentencing, identifying the role of Miller evaluations within that process.
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Tonry, Michael. "Doing Justice Better." In Doing Justice, Preventing Crime. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195320503.003.0008.
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The main ideas in this book are simple. Treat people charged with and convicted of crimes justly, fairly, and even-handedly, as anyone would want done for themselves or their children. Take sympathetic account of the circumstances of peoples’ lives. Punish no one more severely than he or she deserves. Those propositions are implicit in the rule of law and its requirement that the human dignity of every person be respected. Three major structural changes are needed. First, selection of judges and prosecutors, and their day-to-day work, must be insulated from political influence. Second, mandatory minimum sentence, three-strikes, life without parole, truth in sentencing, and similar laws must be repealed. Third, correctional and prosecution systems must be centralized in unified state agencies.
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Lackey, Jennifer. "Punishment and Transformation." In Becoming Someone New. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823735.003.0014.
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This chapter argues that the possibility of transformations and transformative experiences shows that strict, long-term punishments are epistemically irrational. Since the rationality of punishment must be sensitive to the mental states of the person being punished, including their mental states after the time of the punishable act, the possibility of radical changes makes it irrational to punish a person in a way that precludes considering future evidence about these changes. Since strict, long-term punishments, such as sentences of natural life without the possibility of parole, do just this, such punishments always run afoul of the demands of epistemic rationality.
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Vannier, Marion. "Introduction." In Normalizing Extreme Imprisonment. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827825.003.0001.
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The introductory chapter lays out the puzzle surrounding life without the possibility of parole (LWOP). LWOP holds a unique place in the landscape of extreme forms of punishment. It stands at the intersection between the death penalty and long-term imprisonment. While recognized as being particularly cruel since at least Beccaria, relatively few empirical studies have focused on LWOP’S extreme severity. Despite growing awareness and evidence of LWOP’S cruelty, the punishment has become a rather ordinary practice in the American sentencing toolkit. The expansion and proliferation of LWOP in America stands in sharp contrast with the rest of the world where the punishment is deemed reprehensible. LWOP’S growth in the United States is particularly remarkable for the apparent dispassion with which the American public and various penal state actors have embraced and accepted such a practice. Other than prisoners-led organizations, like The Other Death Penalty Project, there are very few strong and vocal activist groups campaigning against the punishment. By contrast, strong and vocal groups have campaigned against prison overcrowding and death sentences. While sharing features with both imprisonment and the death penalty, LWOP’S extreme severity has not triggered similar attention and reaction. Instead, the punishment has even been actively promoted by a number of criminal justice actors including those who traditionally challenge degrading and inhumane treatments. This book investigates how, using the development of LWOP in the Californian death penalty context as an example, extreme forms of imprisonment can become normalized.
Conference papers on the topic "Life without parole sentence"
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Chen, Jie. "From Death Penalty with Immediate Execution to Life Imprisonment without Parole and Commutation: Amendment to Chinese Criminal Law against Corruption." In 2016 International Conference on Education, Management Science and Economics. Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icemse-16.2016.55.
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Tan, Suo, Yong Zeng, Greg Huet, and Clément Fortin. "Effective Reverse Engineering of Qualitative Design Knowledge: A Case Study of Aerospace Pylon Design." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-13006.
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Global collaboration is now a key for enterprises to rapidly achieve their worldwide successes. During the rapid expansion of their business, many challenges are emerging, e.g., novice training, knowledge transferring, intellectual property (IP) protection. This paper presented an effective approach for gaining new knowledge in a design project through reverse engineering by using Environment Based Design (EBD) methodology. The case study used in this paper was designed to demonstrate how design knowledge can be assimilated by using the proposed approach. A graduate student, without any aerospace design knowledge and experience, was presented with a sentence extracted from a statement of work of a student capstone project in the aerospace engineering department of École Polytechnique de Montréal. Within a month, the graduate student designer was able to deliver a conceptual design solution including product life cycle analysis, with only public resources at his disposal. The results were then evaluated by experts in aerospace who have collectively overseen the project for many years, on how much knowledge the student had assimilated. A comparison, between the student designer and other novice designers from the project, was given thereafter. The assessment turns out promising and inspiring in terms of the knowledge assimilation for a novice within such a short time. In other words, the effectiveness of the presented approach has been validated. This is a feasible attempt to significantly shorten the time and minimize the efforts for novice training and knowledge transferring in education and industry, especially when a firm is expanding their global business.
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Tóth, Noémi Evelin, and Győző Yang Zijian. "Magyar nyelvtan tanulását segítő alkalmazás átalános és középiskolás diákok részére." In Agria Média 2020 : „Az oktatás digitális átállása korunk pedagógiai forradalma”. Eszterházy Károly Egyetem Líceum Kiadó, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17048/am.2020.211.
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A kutatás célja egy olyan tanulást segítő alkalmazás megvalósítása, amely segítségével a magyar diákok számára könnyebbé tehető az olyan anyanyelvi alapok megértése, mint például, hogy miként épülnek fel a mondatok, milyen egységekből állnak össze és azok hogyan viszonyulnak egymáshoz. A száraz nyelvtani anyagok helyett önállóságot növelő, játékos és interaktív feladatokkal több diák is közelebb kerülhetne a magyar nyelvhez és annak mélyebb megértéséhez. Tapasztalat, hogy a tanulók számára a nyelvtan, mint tanóra, sokszor okoz nehézségeket a tanulás során. Bár az évek alatt átfogó anyagot kapnak ahhoz, hogy a nyelvtan mindennapi használata ne jelenthessen gondot, azonban sokan így sem tudják összeegyeztetni a tanultakat a gyakorlattal, hiába használják nap mint nap helyesen az anyanyelvüket. Elmondható, hogy messze elmarad az általában kedvelt tantárgyak mögött, holott mindennek az alapját az jelentené, ha egy ember a saját anyanyelvét jól ismerné és használná. Ezért fontos lenne elérni, hogy a gyerekek számára a nyelvtantanulás, korosztálytól függetlenül, ne csak teher legyen. Találják meg a nekik megfelelő nehézségű feladatokat, amelyeket élvezettel oldhatnak meg, megfelelő visszajelzést kapva arról, ha hibáztak és azt hogyan javíthatják. Ehhez társul egy olyan webes technológiákkal és nyelvészeti eszközökkel támogatott alkalmazás, ami rendelkezik a megfelelően felépített és letisztult felhasználói felülettel, ami kisebb gyerekek és szülők számára is érthető és könnyen használható. Az alkalmazás funkciói közé tartozik mind a törzsanyag elsajátítása, mind a helyesírás és a mondatok elemzése, ellenőrzése. A tananyag csakúgy, mint ahogy az iskolában, témakörökre bontott, amikben korosztály szerint megtalálhatók a feladatsorok és a hozzájuk artozó magyarázó részek. Így könnyebben feldolgozható, lépésről lépésre, gyakorlati példákon keresztül tanulható az elmélet. A feladatok sokszínűsége miatt a diákok figyelme fenntartható és különböző jutalmazási rendszereken keresztül a tanulás élvezetesebbé válhat. A szoftver hátterében pedig jól bevált, különféle nyelvi elemzők implementálásával maga a szoftver is részt vesz a mondatok elemzésében, a helyesírás ellenőrzésében az iskolákban tanított nyelvi szabályok alapján. A felhasználók pedig maguk is megadhatják az elemezni kívánt mondatot, vagy mondatokat. Mindezzel nemcsak a diákok, de a pedagógusok munkája is egyszerűbbé válhat, ugyanis azzal, hogy a diákok nemcsak az órán kaphatnak visszajelzést a tudásukról, ami a legtöbb iskolában heti egy-két alkalmat jelent, az önálló, otthoni tanulás is eredményessé válhat, a program így elősegíti az anyag helyes rögzülését is. ----- Hungarian grammar learning application for primary and high school students ----- The aim of this research is the development of an application that allows Hungarian students to learn the basics of the Hungarian grammar in an easier way, for instance the sentence structure, the different units that build up a sentence, and how they relate to one another. Instead of the plain grammar rules, this application motivates students for independence, helps students to get closer to the Hungarian language by friendly and interactive tasks, and allows them to gain a deeper understanding of the language itself. When it comes to grammar lessons many individuals have experienced difficulties in the learning process. Although they get a brief overview during the years, granting them the correct use of their language in the everyday life without complication, some still can’t manage to apply their studies in practise. It can be stated that it is far behind the popular subjects, despite the fact that it would be the basis of everything, that a person knows and uses their mother language in the correct way. This is one of the main reasons why we need to find a way, in which every individual regardless of their age finds learning grammar more than just a burden. They should be able to find the right tasks for their knowledge, which they can solve with joy, getting the right feedback, letting them know of their mistakes, and ways to correct those mistakes. Such a thing would be the application stated above, using web technologies and linguistic tools, including a properly structured and clean user interface, which would be easy to use and understand for both small children and adults as well. The application would function as a tool for learning the core material, besides accurate spelling, analysing sentences and inspecting them. The educational material would be themed just like in school, in which themes one can find tasks for particular age groups along with the explanation. With this approach the theory is more processable through practical examples. With the diversity of tasks the attention of students is more viable, and using some kind of a rewarding system the learning process becomes more enjoyable. The software would take part in analysing the sentences, supervising the spelling based on the language and grammar rules applied by schools, alongside with the well proven language analysts. The users would also be able to specify their own sentences when it comes to analysing. Thereby not just the learning process for students would become easier, but the performance for teachers and educators, considering that the students would not only receive feedback of their knowledge in school, which only happens one or two times a week, but also during their independent learning processes which they can manage outside of school, since the application supports the correct fixation of material.