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Journal articles on the topic 'Light optical microscopy (LOM)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Smith, Ronald W. "Microscopy of Rubber Products." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 75, no. 3 (2002): 511–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547680.

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Abstract This paper is a review of published literature containing some aspects of rubber product analysis using microscopy techniques. This includes close-up photography, photomicrography, photomicrography obtained from light optical microscope (LOM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Products represented are tires, belts, hoses, seals, rubber bands, balloons and some miscellaneous products such as a submarine hydrophone boot, rubber mat, shoe soles, tire curing bladder, and roofing membrane.

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Kara, I. H., T. A. I. Yousef, H. Ahlatci, and Y. Turen. "Ca and Ce Effect on the Corrosion Resistance of Hot-Rolled AZ31 Mg Alloys." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 10, no. 1 (2020): 5113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3238.

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In this study, AZ31 Mg alloys with added Ca and Ce were produced by low pressure die casting and were rolled at 400°C. The corrosion properties of the materials were determined by immersion test for 72 hours at a 3.5% NaCl solution. The microstructure of the samples was investigated by light optical microscopy (LOM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before the corrosion test. Twins, dynamic recrystallization (DRX), and the alloying elements have an important role in imparting the final corrosion resistance of the investigated materials.

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Burke, M. G., and D. M. Symons. "Microstructural Effects on the Scc Morphology of Alloy 600 in Deaerated Water." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (1997): 783–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600010801.

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Previous studies on the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of Alloy 600 forgings revealed a correlation between the SCC susceptibility and thermomechanical processing (specifically the final annealing temperature). (1) Detailed microstructural analyses using analytical electron microscopy (AEM) techniques showed that the materials containing dendritic-type intergranular M7C3 carbides were also more resistant to SCC initiation and propagation. This type of analysis has been extended to the evaluation of a 0.062 wt.% C Alloy 600 plate in three conditions (as-received, and heat-treated for

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Valente, Emilie Hørdum, Carsten Gundlach, Thomas L. Christiansen, and Marcel A. J. Somers. "Effect of Scanning Strategy During Selective Laser Melting on Surface Topography, Porosity, and Microstructure of Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V." Applied Sciences 9, no. 24 (2019): 5554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9245554.

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The effect of the scanning strategy during selective laser melting (SLM) of Ti-6Al-4V was investigated. An optimized cellular scan strategy (island scan modeled) was compared to a simple cellular scan strategy (island scan stripes) and a simple antiparallel line scanning strategy (line scan). Surface texture was investigated by optical three-dimensional (3D) surface measurements, which when combined with light optical microscopy (LOM), revealed deflections caused by the thermal stresses during the build process. Elevated edges caused by the edge-effect dominate the surface texture of all inves

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Perianayagam, Philomen, Palaniradja Kichenaradjao, and Gopalakrishna Alluru. "Effect of porosity, density and temperature on microstructure and mechanical behavior of hybrid premix sponge ferrous compact." Science of Sintering 49, no. 2 (2017): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos1702187p.

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This study on hybrid premix sponge ferrous sintered materials is focused on its mechanical properties and microstructure with respect to the amount of porosity. The pressure of 430 MPa and sintering temperatures 1090?C, 1115?C, and 1130?C in a Nitrogen atmosphere for an hour is followed to produce this hybrid premix sponge ferrous compact. Radial crush strength, dimensional change and micro hardness test were performed on these samples to determine the mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used for fractured surface analysis, while light optical microscopy (LOM) is used

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Ternstedt, Patrik, Gunilla Runnsjö, Anders Tilliander, Jesper Janis, Nils Å. I. Andersson, and Pär G. Jönsson. "Methods to Determine Characteristics of AOD-Converter Decarburization-Slags." Metals 10, no. 3 (2020): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10030308.

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Argon Oxygen Decarburization (AOD) converter slags are known to consist of both liquid and solid phases, but limited information on the slag characteristics has been published in the open literature. Therefore, a new methodology to study the characteristics of slag samples taken from the AOD converter process during production was developed based on petrography. The results show that the preparations of the slag samples using the borax method are suitable to use when determining the chemical composition of AOD slag samples using the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) method. The results also showed that

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Uzun, Ramazan, Ümran Başkaya, Zafer Çetin, Yasemin Kılıç, Oğuz Gündüz, and Adem Bakkaloğlu. "Effect of strain ratio on hydrogen permeability properties of low carbon enamel steel." Metallurgical Research & Technology 118, no. 4 (2021): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2021053.

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In this study, the effect of varying strain levels on hydrogen permeability properties were investigated. Distinct strain levels (10% and 40%) were carried out on the deep drawing test samples by using Marciniak die to simulate the forming process. Amount of strain on deep drawn material was calculated by GOM’s ARAMIS 3D deformation measurement system. Hydrogen diffusion coefficient and permeation time were calculated by using Helios II system. Light optical microscope (LOM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for microstructure characterization. Automated inclusion/precipitation

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Buchko, Christopher J., Kenneth M. Kozloff, and David C. Martin. "Length-Scale-Dependent surface roughness measurements of bioactive polymer thin films using scanning probe microscopy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (August 11, 1996): 198–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100163459.

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The development of implantable biomedical devices requires active biological interfaces that minimize the body’s immune response. We have identified candidate protein polymer coatings for biomedical applications and methods of processing these coatings that promote a favorable in vitro biological performance. However, the chronic implantation of biomedical devices, specifically the neural prosthetic devices developed at the University of Michigan, places additional requirements on the polymer coatings. Among these constraints are the efficient transport of neuronal signals from tissue to the d

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Rosário, Adriano Murilo, and Marcio Ferreira Hupalo. "Characterization of surface fish-eye casting defect." Rem: Revista Escola de Minas 66, no. 1 (2013): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0370-44672013000100013.

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Fish-eye defects are usually observed in the surface of ductile iron casting. Their formation mechanism is not fully understood and very little has been published concerning the subject. This paper investigates the sleeve material effect on fish-eye defect formation in ductile cast irons. Unburnt exothermic and insulating sleeves with different fluorine concentrations have been crushed and mixed in with green sand. These mixtures have been used as facing sands for the casting molds. The morphological and chemical characterization of the fish-eye defects have been performed by light optical mic

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10

Kisasoz, A., M. Tümer, and A. Karaaslan. "Microstructure, Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of UNS 32205 Duplex Stainless Steel Weldment Joints by Multipass FCAW." Practical Metallography 58, no. 6 (2021): 332–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pm-2021-0025.

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Abstract In this study, the effect of multipass welding on the microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties of the UNS 32205 duplex stainless steels (DSS) is investigated. The UNS 32205 DSS is welded in 3 or 7 passes by flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) using E2209 T1 – 1/4 flux cored wire. The weldments are characterized by light optical microscopy (LOM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Feritscope analysis, Charpy impact tests and electrochemical corrosion tests. The results suggest that the multipass FCAW process induces the formation of γ2 in the

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Dobrzański, Leszek Adam, Z. Brytan, Marco Actis Grande, and Mario Rosso. "Sintered Duplex Stainless Steels Corrosion Properties." Materials Science Forum 534-536 (January 2007): 721–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.534-536.721.

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This work presents mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of duplex stainless steels obtained through powder metallurgy starting from austenitic X2CrNiMo17-12-2 (AISI 316L), martensitic X6Cr13 (AISI 410L) powders by controlled addition of alloying elements in the proper quantity to obtain the chemical composition of the structure similar to biphasic one. In the mixes preparations the Schaffler’s diagram was taken into consideration. Prepared mixes of powders have been sintered in a vacuum furnace with argon backfilling. After sintering rapid cooling was applied using nitrogen. Produced

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12

ŁATKA, Leszek, Aneta NIEMIEC, Monika MICHALAK, and Paweł SOKOŁOWSKI. "TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF Al2O3 + TiO2 COATINGS MANUFACTURED BY PLASMA SPRAYING." Tribologia 283, no. 1 (2019): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.1431.

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In the paper the results of tribological, microscopic, and mechanical research of Al2O3 + TiO2 coatings manufactured by plasma spraying are presented. The feeding material was a powder Al2O3 + 13 wt.% TiO2 (Metco 6221, OerlikonMetco) with grain size – 45 ± 15 μm. The cylinder substrates made from stainless steel (X5CrNi18-10) had a diameter equal to 25 mm and 2 mm of thickness. The variable spray parameters were plasma torch velocity in terms of substrate and spray distance. The morphology of obtained coatings was tested by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the microstructure was investi

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Anti, M.-L., V. Collado Ciprés, J. Mouzon, P. Åkerfeldt, and R. Pederson. "Effect of silicon on creep properties of titanium 6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo alloy." MATEC Web of Conferences 321 (2020): 04021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032104021.

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The alloy Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo is a titanium alloy for elevated temperatures often used in aerospace applications. Minor additions of silicon have proven to improve the creep resistance of this alloy. In this work, three different amounts of silicon (0.015, 0.07 and 0.162 wt% Si) were added to cast Ti-6242 and creep tests were performed at different temperatures and loads. Creep resistance increased significantly with silicon addition by means of silicide precipitation hindering dislocations movement. Silicon rich nanoparticles in the microstructure were detected and their effect on creep resist

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14

Nick, Arash Safavi, and Hasse Fredriksson. "On the Relationship between Inclusions and Pores, Part II: Dendritic Structure, Pressure Drop in the Liquid and Pore Precipitation ." Materials Science Forum 790-791 (May 2014): 302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.790-791.302.

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There is a relationship between pores and inclusions. As hypothesis goes, inclusions have an affinity to gather inside the pores and form clusters. Focus of this paper is how solidified dendritic structure affects the pressure field in the liquid and pore precipitation in austenitic stainless steel. Steel sample is a continuously cast bloom. Temperature profile and width of the mushy zone of the strand is modeled according to a constant temperature at the strands surface. Thermal analysis has been performed with differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). D

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15

Hupalo, Marcio Ferreira, Angelo Fernando Padilha, and Hugo Ricardo Zschommler Sandim. "Texture and Microstructure Evolution during Cold Swaging and Recrystallization of Oligocrystalline INCOLOY^® MA 956." Solid State Phenomena 105 (July 2005): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.105.315.

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Cold swaged and annealed samples of INCOLOY MA 956 (UNS S67956) were investigated using light optical microscopy (LOM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), and Vickers microhardness testing. The as-received oligocrystalline material presented a strong <111>-texture parallel to the longitudinal direction of the bar. This texture results from secondary recrystallization promoted by zone annealing. The microstructure in the deformed state was found to be very inhomogeneous. Deformation bands were observed in all grains

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16

Yang, Yi Qiao, Shuang Jiang, and Xiang Zhao. "Microstructure Evolution of Laser Direct Metal Deposition of M2 High Speed Steel." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 2198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.2198.

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In the current investigation, the M2 high speed steel (HSS) sample was produced by laser direct metal deposition (DMD) with a rapid manufacturing (AM) process. The overall microstructure analysed by light optical microscopy (LOM) was a gradual transition from bottom zone to top zone due to the continuous decrease of the cooling rate. The observed microstructure from SEM and XRD was consisted of a cellular or dendritic structure of ferrite, martensite, retained austenite and fine carbides. Annealing at 860 oC led to spheroidization of carbides. The carbides were examined by XRD to be M6C and MC

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17

Gurešić, Dejan, Nadežda Talijan, Vladan Ćosović, Dušan Milisavljević, Aleksandar Đorđević, and Milica Tomović. "Effect of chemical composition on microstructure, hardness and electrical conductivity profiles of the Bi-Cu-Ga alloys at 100 °C." Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 22, no. 3 (2016): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30544/211.

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Theoretical calculation and experimental investigation of the isothermal section of a ternary Bi-Cu-Ga system at 100 oC are presented in this paper. Thermodynamic binary-based calculation of the isothermal section was performed using Pandat software. Experimental investigation included microstructural analysis carried out using light optical microscopy (LOM) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), phase composition analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brinell and Vickers hardness testing and electrical conductivity measurements. In total, thirty alloy

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18

Ćosović, Vladan, Duško Minić, Milena Premović, et al. "The influence of chemical composition on microstructure, hardness and electrical conductivity of Ag-Bi-In alloys at 100 °C." Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 23, no. 1 (2017): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30544/265.

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Considering possible applications and scarceness of literature data, Ag-Bi-In system was investigated in terms of microstructure, mechanical and electrical properties of ternary alloys from an isothermal section at 100oC. Based on the experimentally obtained results hardness and electrical conductivity of all ternary alloys from the ternary Ag-Bi-In system at 100oC were predicted. In addition, the selected isothermal section was further thermodynamically assessed and experimentally studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray powder diffract

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19

Kukla, Dominik, Mateusz Kopec, Kehuan Wang, Cezary Senderowski, and Zbigniew L. Kowalewski. "Nondestructive Methodology for Identification of Local Discontinuities in Aluminide Layer-Coated MAR 247 during Its Fatigue Performance." Materials 14, no. 14 (2021): 3824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14143824.

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In this paper, the fatigue performance of the aluminide layer-coated and as-received MAR 247 nickel superalloy with three different initial microstructures (fine grain, coarse grain and column-structured grain) was monitored using nondestructive, eddy current methods. The aluminide layers of 20 and 40 µm were obtained through the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process in the hydrogen protective atmosphere for 8 and 12 h at the temperature of 1040 °C and internal pressure of 150 mbar. A microstructure of MAR 247 nickel superalloy and the coating were characterized using light optical microscop

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20

Szala, Mirosław, and Tadeusz Hejwowski. "Cavitation Erosion Resistance and Wear Mechanism Model of Flame-Sprayed Al2O3-40%TiO2/NiMoAl Cermet Coatings." Coatings 8, no. 7 (2018): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8070254.

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This manuscript deals with the cavitation erosion resistance of flame-sprayed Al2O3-40%TiO2/NiMoAl cermet coatings (low-velocity oxy-fuel (LVOF)), a new functional application of cermet coatings. The aim of the study was to investigate the cavitation erosion mechanism and determine the effect of feedstock powder ratio (Al2O3-TiO2/NiMoAl) of LVOF-sprayed cermet coatings on their cavitation erosion resistance. As-sprayed coatings were investigated for roughness, porosity, hardness, and Young’s modulus. Microstructural characteristics of the cross section and the surface of as-sprayed coatings we

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21

Kværndrup, Frederik Bojsen, Kristian V. Dahl, Kenny Ståhl, Marcel A. J. Somers, Grethe Winther, and Thomas L. Christiansen. "Gaseous thermochemical synthesis and characterization of mixed interstitial phases in the Ti-C-O system." MATEC Web of Conferences 321 (2020): 12044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032112044.

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Titanium grade 2 thin foils were carbo-oxidized at 800 °C in a thermogravimetric analyzer in CO gas for 20 - 100 hours. The synthesized thin foils were characterized by infrared carbon determination for composition analysis, transmission X-ray diffraction (XRD), light optical microscopy (LOM) and nanoindentation. Thermodynamic equilibrium predictions were performed using ThermoCalc. Oxygen and carbon expanded h.c.p. α and NaCl type δ carbo-oxide were identified from the XRD patterns. Rietveld refinements of the XRD patterns revealed an increase in expansion of the h.c.p. α lattice from interst

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Feijoo, Cabeza, Merino, Pena, and Rey. "Age Hardening of Extruded AA 6005A Aluminium Alloy Powders." Materials 12, no. 14 (2019): 2316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12142316.

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Pre-alloyed micron-sized 6005A Al alloy (AA 6005A) powders, with a Mg/Si atomic ratio of 0.75, obtained by high pressure inert gas atomization were consolidated by uniaxial cold pressing at 200 MPa into cylindrical Al containers and hot extruded at 450, 480 and 500 °C with an extrusion rate of 7:1, followed by artificial T6 precipitation hardening. Ageing conditions were varied between 170 °C and 190 °C and times of 6, 7 and 8 hours. The microstructure of the extruded profiles was analysed using X-Ray diffractometry (XRD), light optical microscopy (LOM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and

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Aguado, Edurne, Asier Baquedano, Urko Uribe, Ana Isabel Fernandez-Calvo, and Andrea Niklas. "Comparative Study of Different Interfaces of Steel Inserts in Aluminium Castings." Materials Science Forum 765 (July 2013): 711–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.765.711.

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The necessity of preserving resources and to reduce environmental pollution makes light weight concepts highly interesting for the transportation market, with light weight being essential for newly developed electric and hybrid vehicles. However, some components cannot be replaced only by aluminium, but need to be combined with steel in order to achieve the desired mechanical characteristics. Therefore, there is great interest in developing processes to manufacture aluminium/steel hybrid structures that present a good bond.In the present work a range of processing conditions for improving the

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24

Mustafa, Alaaeldin H. "Failure Analysis of Heavy Industrial Gas Turbine Engine First Stage Nozzel Guide Vane." Advanced Materials Research 445 (January 2012): 1047–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.445.1047.

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Failure analysis investigation was conducted on 70 MW set of 1st stage turbine nozzle guide vanes (NGVs) of heavy industrial gas turbine. The failure was investigated using the light optical microscope (LOM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) in an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The results of the analysis indicate that the NGVs which were made of Co base superalloy FSX-414 had been operated above the recommended operating hours under different fuel types in addition to inadequate repair process in previous repair removal. The X

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Krbaťa, Michal, Maroš Eckert, Daniel Križan, Igor Barényi, and Ivana Mikušová. "Hot Deformation Process Analysis and Modelling of X153CrMoV12 Steel." Metals 9, no. 10 (2019): 1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9101125.

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Analysis of the high temperature plastic behavior of high-strength steel X153CrMoV12 was developed in the temperature range of 800–1200 °C and the deformation rate in the range of 0.001–10 s−1 to the maximum value of the true strain 0.9%. Microstructural changes were observed using light optical microscopy (LOM) as well as atomic force microscopy (AFM). The effect of hot deformation temperature on true stress, peak stress and true strain was evaluated from the respective flow curves. Based on these results, steel transformation was discussed from the dynamic recovery and recrystallization poin

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26

Haubner, Roland, Susanne Strobl, Lorenz Pinkas Bichler, and Paul Linhardt. "Liquid Metal Embrittlement of Copper Brazed Plate Heat Exchangers." Key Engineering Materials 809 (June 2019): 535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.809.535.

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Plate heat exchangers are widely used for heating and cooling activities in domestic and industrial applications. The plates of all these components were made of stainless steel (e.g. type X2 CrNiMo 17-12-2) and they were brazed with pure copper. After cutting and metallographic preparation, the samples were investigated by light optical microscopy (LOM) to measure the depth of copper penetration into the plates (liquid metal embrittlement (LME)). For seven heat exchangers the penetration depth was between 25 and 60 μm, but for one the depth was about 150 μm. At the steel-copper interfaces an

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Szala, Mirosław, Mariusz Walczak, Kamil Pasierbiewicz, and Mariusz Kamiński. "Cavitation Erosion and Sliding Wear Mechanisms of AlTiN and TiAlN Films Deposited on Stainless Steel Substrate." Coatings 9, no. 5 (2019): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9050340.

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The resistance to cavitation erosion and sliding wear of stainless steel grade AISI 304 can be improved by using physical vapor deposited (PVD) coatings. The aim of this study was to investigate the cavitation erosion and sliding wear mechanisms of magnetron-sputtered AlTiN and TiAlN films deposited with different contents of chemical elements onto a stainless steel SS304 substrate. The surface morphology and structure of samples were examined by optical profilometry, light optical microscopy (LOM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS). Mechanical properties (hardness, elastic modulus) we

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28

Hajizad, Omid, Ankit Kumar, Zili Li, Roumen H. Petrov, Jilt Sietsma, and Rolf Dollevoet. "Influence of Microstructure on Mechanical Properties of Bainitic Steels in Railway Applications." Metals 9, no. 7 (2019): 778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9070778.

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Wheel–rail contact creates high stresses in both rails and wheels, which can lead to different damage, such as plastic deformation, wear and rolling contact fatigue (RCF). It is important to use high-quality steels that are resistant to these damages. Mechanical properties and failure of steels are determined by various microstructural features, such as grain size, phase fraction, as well as spatial distribution and morphology of these phases in the microstructure. To quantify the mechanical behavior of bainitic rail steels, uniaxial tensile experiments and hardness measurements were performed

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Mihalic, Soares de Sousa, Burzic, Hinterreiter, Stifter, and Fürst. "Morphology and Characterisation of Novolac–LDPE-Based Mixtures as Matrix for Injection Moulded Green Bodies for Bio-Based SiC Ceramics." Ceramics 2, no. 3 (2019): 536–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ceramics2030041.

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This work focuses on the influence of the composition of novolac–LDPE-based mixtures, which serve as a matrix for the green bodies for bio-based silicon carbide (C/Si/SiC) ceramics, on the morphology and the mechanical properties of the green bodies and the ceramics produced thereof. The green bodies were obtained through compounding and injection moulding, and were characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mechanical testing. Selected formulations were reinforced with natural fibres, pyrolysed to yield porous carbon templates, and converted into C/Si/SiC ceramics via liquid sili

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Hussein, Rajab Mohammed, and Osama Ibrahim Abd. "Influence of Al and Ti Additions on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Leaded Brass Alloys." Indian Journal of Materials Science 2014 (July 16, 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/909506.

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Brass has an attractive combination of properties, namely, good corrosion resistance, good wear properties, and high thermal and electrical conductivity. In this study, influence of selected alloy additions (Al and Ti) on performance of leaded brass alloys (CuZn39pb3) was investigated. The observation of microstructures, compression tests, and hardness tests were performed. The results of metallographic and mechanical tests indicate some influence of small amount additives of Al and Ti. Optical emission spectrometer (OES), light optical microscope (LOM), micro-Vickers hardness tester, and comp

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31

Depriester, Dorian, and Elisabeth Massoni. "Submicrocristalline Structure and Dynamic Recovery of Cold Flowformed ELI Grade Ti-6Al-4V." Key Engineering Materials 554-557 (June 2013): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.554-557.157.

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Flowforming is a means to produce seamless tubes by plastic deformation at room temperature. It consists in reducing the thickness of a tubular part mounted on a mandrel by deforming it using several rollers translating along the tube axis, while the tube is rotating along its axis. Thanks to the high compressive stresses, and to the incremental nature of the deformation process, flowforming can lead to a high thickness reduction and thus to high elongation of the deformed tubes. Ti-6Al-4V (Extra Low Interstitial grade) tubes have been deformed by cold flowforming, with a thickness reduction r

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32

Ribeiro, Mônica Paula, Marcio Ferreira Hupalo, Selauco Vurobi, and Osvaldo Mitsuyuki Cintho. "Study of Sintering of Iron Powder Bars Processed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing." Materials Science Forum 802 (December 2014): 404–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.802.404.

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The main aim of this work is to show porosity evolution during application of various processing conditions to a high-purity (99.7 wt.%) iron powder, including compacting, sintering and equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). Iron powder bars with dimensions of 8x8x30 mm and 8x8x10 mm were axially pressed with pressures ranging from 100MPa to 250MPa, followed by sintering at 1100oC during 30 minutes under argon atmosphere. Sintered bars were processed by ECAP at room temperature in a single pass, using a SAE 1045 steel die with an internal angle of 120o. Microstructural characterization was per

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33

Saarna, Mart, Fjodor Sergejev, Jaana Kateriina Gomon, Lauri Kollo, and Marc Leparoux. "Surface Fatigue of Al-Metal Matrix Composites at Impact Loading." Key Engineering Materials 527 (November 2012): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.527.119.

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Aluminium 6061 has proven to be a suitable alloy as a basis for producing metal matrix composites (MMC). These MMCs have a low specific weight combined with a relatively good specific stiffness and high specific strength. The hardness and compressive strength of Al composites can be increased by reinforcing bulk material with nano particles. However the ductility of such alloys is relatively low, therefore one of the applications for such light alloys could be wear applications. In many wear conditions such as erosive or abrasive wear at normal impact angles the surface wear resistance plays a

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Strobl, Susanne, and Roland Haubner. "Microstructural Features of Bronze-Coated Iron Coins from the Roman Empire." Materials Science Forum 782 (April 2014): 629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.782.629.

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At the late second and early third century coin copies, termed subferrata, were produced in the provinces Noricum and Pannonia of the Roman Empire. Subferrata consist of an iron core, which was plated with a copper alloy. To get information about the manufacturing process and the materials used, coins were cut and investigated after metallographic preparation by light optical microscope (LOM). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy disperse X-ray analysis (EDX) were used to get information about the local chemical compositions. The general composition was determined by X-ray fluorescenc

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Abdelmonem, Ali, Mohamed Soliman, Heinz Palkowski, and Ahmed Elsabbagh. "Aging Behavior of Intercritically Quenched Ductile Iron." Metals 11, no. 6 (2021): 897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11060897.

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Although extensive aging and strain aging (bake hardening, BH) studies have been carried out on dual-phase steels, the aging behavior of the dual matrix structure (DMS) ductile iron (DI), as a potential way to improve its mechanical properties, has not been addressed until now. This research was designed to study the aging behavior of DI with a ferrite-martensite matrix structure. DMS-DI with a martensite volume fraction of 30% was produced by intercritical austenitizing at 785 °C followed by quenching in water to room temperature. Aging treatments were carried out without pre-straining at agi

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Mejía, I., H. Hernández-Belmontes, and C. Maldonado. "Weldability of High-Mn Austenitic Twinning-Induced Plasticity (TWIP) Steel Microalloyed with Nb." MRS Advances 2, no. 62 (2017): 3899–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.108.

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ABSTRACTThe objective of this research work is to study the weldability of a Nb microalloyed TWIP steel through welding nuggets generated by Gas Tungsten Arc Welding process. Weldability was examined by microstructural changes in the fusion zone (FZ) and heat affected zone (HAZ) using light optical metallography (LOM), segregation in the nuggets was evaluated using elemental mappings of chemical analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), phase transformations were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the hardness properties were examined usi

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Eckert, Maros, Michal Krbata, Igor Barenyi, Jozef Majerik, Andrej Dubec, and Michal Bokes. "Effect of Selected Cooling and Deformation Parameters on the Structure and Properties of AISI 4340 Steel." Materials 13, no. 23 (2020): 5585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13235585.

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The paper is focused on investigation of the high-strength AISI 4340 steel at various temperature and deformation conditions. The article is divided into two specific analyses. The first is to examine the dilatation behavior of the steel at eight different cooling rates, namely, 100, 10, 5, 1, 0.5, 0.1, 0.05 and 0.01 °C·s−1. The mapping of the phase transformations due to varying cooling rates from the austenitizing temperature of 850 °C allows the construction of the CCT diagram for a given high-strength steel. These dilatation curves were also compared with the metallography of the selected

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Mejía, I., E. García-Mora, G. Altamirano, A. Bedolla-Jacuinde, and J. M. Cabrera. "Dynamically recrystallized austenitic grain in a low carbon advanced ultra-high strength steel (A-UHSS) microalloyed with boron under hot deformation conditions." MRS Proceedings 1485 (2012): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.283.

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ABSTRACTThis research work studies the dynamically recrystallized austenitic grain size (Drec) in a new family of low carbon NiCrCuV advanced ultra-high strength steel (A-UHSS) microalloyed with boron under hot deformation conditions. For this purpose, uniaxial hot-compression tests are carried out in a low carbon A-UHSS microalloyed with different amounts of boron (14, 33, 82, 126 and 214 ppm) over a wide range of temperatures (950, 1000, 1050 and 1100°C) and constant true strain rates (10−3, 10−2and 10−1s−1). Deformed samples are prepared and chemically etched with a saturated aqueous picric

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Kaar, Simone, Daniel Krizan, Reinhold Schneider, Coline Béal, and Christof Sommitsch. "Effect of Manganese on the Structure-Properties Relationship of Cold Rolled AHSS Treated by a Quenching and Partitioning Process." Metals 9, no. 10 (2019): 1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9101122.

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The present work focuses on the investigation of both microstructure and resulting mechanical properties of different lean medium Mn Quenching and Partitioning (Q&P) steels with 0.2 wt.% C, 1.5 wt.% Si, and 3–4 wt.% Mn. By means of dilatometry, a significant influence of the Mn-content on their transformation behavior was observed. Light optical and scanning electron microscopy (LOM, SEM) was used to characterize the microstructure consisting of tempered martensite (α’’), retained austenite (RA), partially bainitic ferrite (αB), and final martensite (α’final) formed during final cooling to

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Shaaban, A., Mona F. Ali, A. Turos, A. Korman, and Anna Stonert. "PIXE Analysis of Ancient Egyptian Pigments (Case Study)." Journal of Nano Research 8 (September 2009): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.8.71.

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Particle Proton–Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE) is one of the most sensitive analytical methods which can be used in the study of ancient mural paintings - especially pigments. It requires small samples or tiny fragments of the paint layer. It is a non-destructive technique and provides data on elemental concentrations. Analysis can be performed in vacuum or in air. The major advantage of this technique is the ability to analyze simultaneously both elements and trace elements present in the sample. Another advantage is the short data acquisition time. This research studies red, yellow, blue and

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Anutgan, Mustafa, Tamila Anutgan, and Ismail Atilgan. "SEM, EDX spectroscopy and real-time optical microscopy of electroformed silicon nitride-based light emitting memory device." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 89, no. 1 (2020): 10303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2020190300.

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An ordinary amorphous silicon nitride-based p-i-n diode was electroformed under optimized process conditions, which led to its instant transformation to a semiconductor device with two-in-one properties: a bright visible light emitting diode and a resistive memory switching device; i.e. light emitting memory (LEM). In the present work, for a thorough understanding of the changes that occur during electroforming, SEM images and EDX analyses were performed on both top-view and cross-section of both as-deposited and electroformed diodes. It was seen from the top-view images that while the diode s

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Szala, Mirosław, Grzegorz Winiarski, Łukasz Wójcik, and Tomasz Bulzak. "Effect of Annealing Time and Temperature Parameters on the Microstructure, Hardness, and Strain-Hardening Coefficients of 42CrMo4 Steel." Materials 13, no. 9 (2020): 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13092022.

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The study presents the effect of annealing process parameters on the microstructure, hardness, and strain-hardening coefficients, that is, the strength coefficient c and the strain-hardening exponent n, of 42CrMo4 steel. Seven selected annealing time–temperature schemes are examined for superior steel formability in cold metal forming conditions. The c and n coefficients are first determined in experimental upsetting of annealed samples and then used in FEM (finite element method) simulations of the upsetting process. The results demonstrate that the strain-hardening coefficients (c and n) dep

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Rozumová, L., T. Melichar, J. Berka, and L. Velebil. "Evaluation of microstructure of the steels after exposure in supercritical CO2." Koroze a ochrana materialu 64, no. 4 (2020): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kom-2020-0016.

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Abstract The Brayton cycle with supercritical carbon dioxide is considered as an innovative technology with the potential to replace conventional steam cycles. The optimization of the supercritical CO2 cycle (sCO2) is necessary and important to achieve the required thermal cycle parameters. The above optimization focuses on the setting of the energy cycle as such, the design solution of the individual components and, the last but not least, on the selection of suitable construction materials. Due to the operating conditions, namely temperatures exceeding 550 °C and pressure up to 25 MPa, mater

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Jagoo, S., Comondore Ravindran, and Dennis Nolan. "Fold Defects in Aluminum Alloy A356 Lost Foam Casting." Advanced Materials Research 15-17 (February 2006): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.15-17.1.

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In the lost foam casting (LFC) of aluminum alloys, the expandable polystyrene (EPS) foam characteristics (foam composition, polymer processing and bead fusion) influence the formation of deleterious fold defects in the final casting. In this research, four types of EPS beads were investigated: (1) the regular EPS beads, (2) 2wt% hexabromocyclododecane and 2wt% dicumyl peroxide added to the EPS beads during the polymerization process, (3) 2wt% silicaalumina blended to EPS beads after the pre-expansion process of the beads and (4) 2wt% hexabromocyclododecane blended to EPS beads after the pre-ex

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Kaar, Simone, Reinhold Schneider, Daniel Krizan, Coline Béal, and Christof Sommitsch. "Influence of the Quenching and Partitioning Process on the Transformation Kinetics and Hardness in a Lean Medium Manganese TRIP Steel." Metals 9, no. 3 (2019): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9030353.

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The quenching and partitioning (Q&P) process of lean medium Mn steels is a novel approach for producing ultra-high strength and good formable steels. First, the steel is fully austenitized, followed by quenching to a specific quenching temperature (TQ) in order to adjust an appropriate amount of initial martensite (α’initial). Subsequently, the steel is reheated to a partitioning temperature (TP) in order to ensure C-partitioning from α’initial to remaining austenite (γremain) and thus retained austenite (RA) stabilization. After isothermal holding, the steel is quenched to room temperatur

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Szalva, Péter, and Imre Norbert Orbulov. "Influence of Vacuum Support on the Fatigue Life of AlSi9Cu3(Fe) Aluminum Alloy Die Castings." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 29, no. 9 (2020): 5685–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-020-05050-y.

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Abstract High-pressure die casting (HPDC) is a near-net-shape process that produces high quality castings with narrow dimensional tolerances. The HPDC castings are being increasingly used due to good flexibility and high productivity, especially for the automotive industry. Depending on the location of the cast components, there are ever more complex geometries and increasing strength requirements that can be achieved by the application of vacuum-assisted die casting (VPDC). The most specific features of the HPDC process are the rapid mold filling, high cooling rate and intensification pressur

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Zhang, Xiuling, Zimin Jin, Lizhu Hu, et al. "A Silver Yarn-Incorporated Song Brocade Fabric with Enhanced Electromagnetic Shielding." Materials 14, no. 14 (2021): 3779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14143779.

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The fabrics with electromagnetic interference (EMI) have been used in various fields. However, most studies related to the EMI fabrics focused on the improvement of the final electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EM SE) by adjusting the preparation parameters while the breathability of the EMI fabrics was affected and the visible surficial patterns on the EMI fabric was limited. In this work, the two samples based on the Song Brocade structure were fabricated with surficial visible pattern ‘卐’. One was fabricated with silver-plated polyamide (Ag-PA) yarns and the silk yarns, the another wit

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Bartolo, N., E. Sinagra, and B. Mallia. "Optimising sulfuric acid hard coat anodising for an Al-Mg-Si wrought aluminium alloy." Materials Science-Poland 32, no. 2 (2014): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s13536-013-0174-9.

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AbstractThis research evaluates the effects of sulfuric acid hard coat anodising parameters, such as acid concentration, electrolyte temperature, current density and time, on the hardness and thickness of the resultant anodised layers. A small scale anodising facility was designed and set up to enable experimental investigation of the anodising parameters. An experimental design using the Taguchi method to optimise the parameters within an established operating window was performed. Qualitative and quantitative methods of characterisation of the resultant anodised layers were carried out. The

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Hernández-Belmontes, H., I. Mejía, V. García-García, and C. Maldonado. "Heat Input Effect on the Microstructure of Twinning-Induced Plasticity (TWIP) Steel Welded Joints Through the GTAW Process." MRS Advances 3, no. 64 (2018): 3949–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.597.

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ABSTRACTHigh-Mn Twinning Induced Plasticity (TWIP) steels are an excellent alternative in the design of structural components for the automotive industry. The TWIP steels application allows weight reduction, maintaining the performance of vehicles. Nowadays the research works focused on TWIP steel weldability are relative scarce. It is well-known that weldability is one of the main limitations for industrial application of TWIP steel. The main goal of this research work was studied the effect of heat input on the microstructural changes generated in a TWIP steel microalloyed with Ti. A pair of

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Gensch, Felix, Sven Gall, Stefan Lechner, Christoph Fahrenson, and Soeren Mueller. "Microstructural Stability of Extruded Mg-Mn-Ce Hollow Profiles with Weld Seams." Metals 11, no. 4 (2021): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11040547.

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Despite aluminum profiles, magnesium profiles have not been well developed due to the low formability. Furthermore, extruded magnesium profiles show a strong dependence on the mechanical properties, according to the loading direction. This is caused by a strong basal texture, which is directly dependent on the process parameters during the extrusion and the subsequent aging. Thus, the present paper focuses on the analysis of the microstructure and its evolution of extruded magnesium hollow profiles, which were subjected to a series of heat treatments at 475 °C up to one hour. The hollow profil

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