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Academic literature on the topic 'Limiting factors for fuel cell'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Limiting factors for fuel cell"

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FRENI, S., S. CAVALLARO, M. AQUINO, D. RAVIDA, and N. GIORDANO. "Lifetime-limiting factors for a molten carbonate fuel cell." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 19, no. 4 (1994): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-3199(94)90065-5.

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Kim, Yu Seung, Jong-Ho Choi, Tanya Agarwal, Eun Joo Park, Rod L. Borup, and Heemin Park. "(Invited) Key Factors of Hydrocarbon Ionomeric Binders for Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2025-01, no. 7 (2025): 763. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2025-017763mtgabs.

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The development of non-fluorinated hydrocarbon ionomer binders for electrochemical devices has garnered significant attention due to growing regulatory restrictions on polyfluoroalkyl substances. However, hydrocarbon binders generally exhibit inferior performance compared to perfluorosulfonic acid binders. This study investigates the key factors limiting the performance of hydrocarbon binders in fuel cells and electrolyzers. Using half-cell experiments with hydrocarbon ionomers and aqueous hydrocarbon sulfonic acids, three primary performance-limiting factors are identified: undesirable adsorp

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Shuai, Qilin, Yiheng Wang, Zhengxiong Jiang, and Qingsong Hua. "Reinforcement Learning-Based Energy Management for Fuel Cell Electrical Vehicles Considering Fuel Cell Degradation." Energies 17, no. 7 (2024): 1586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17071586.

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The service life and fuel consumption of fuel cell system (FCS) are the main factors limiting the commercialization of fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV). Effective energy management strategies (EMS) can reduce fuel consumption during the cycle and prolong the service life of FCS. This paper proposes an energy management strategy based on the deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm, deep Q-learning (DQL). Considering the unstable performance of conventional DQL during the training process, a new algorithm called Double Deep Q Learning (DDQL) is introduced. The DDQL uses a target evaluation

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Fry, M. R., H. Watson, and J. C. Hatchman. "Design of a prototype fuel cell/composite cycle power station." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 211, no. 2 (1997): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0957650971537088.

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The aspiration for fuel cells, in a public utility context, is that they are envisaged in the developed world as a means of significantly increasing the overall efficiency of power plants and of utilizing poor-quality fuel supplies. The thermodynamic and practical aspects in the design of a prototype power station consisting of a composite cycle of fuel cells, a gas turbine expander and a steam plant, or a steam plant only, are reported. The design was based on tubular fuel cell development. Overall efficiencies are estimated and limiting factors in the design are identified. Performance and e

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Li, Wenzhi, Yun Liu, Zhefei Pan, and Yun LIU. "A Hybrid Direct Ammonia Fuel Cell." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 1 (2023): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02161mtgabs.

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Ammonia has emerged as a highly promising energy carrier [1], primarily because it offers a noticeable economic benefit over hydrogen in terms of source-to-tank expenses, owing to reduced transmission, distribution, and dispensation costs [2]. Direct ammonia fuel cells (DAFCs) are capable of directly converting the chemical energy stored in ammonia into electrical energy. With its quick start-up advantage, this fuel cell technology holds great potential in the field of zero-emission transportation [3]. Although promising, this fuel cell performance needs to be much improved before the widespre

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Megill, Liam, and Volker Grewe. "Investigating the limiting aircraft-design-dependent and environmental factors of persistent contrail formation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 25, no. 7 (2025): 4131–49. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-4131-2025.

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Abstract. Mounting evidence has highlighted the role of aviation non-CO2 emissions in anthropogenic climate change. Of particular importance is the impact of contrails, to which recent studies attribute over one-third of the total effective radiative forcing from aircraft operations. However, the relative importance of the aircraft-design-dependent and environmental factors that influence the formation of persistent contrails is not yet well understood. In this paper, we use ERA5 data from the 2010s to better understand the interplay between the factors on a climatological timescale. We identi

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Shi, Wenwen, Ruimin Ding, Chang Liu, et al. "(Digital Presentation) Diagnostic Study of the Key Performance-Limiting Factors in Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 38 (2023): 2293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01382293mtgabs.

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Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFC) have received significant attention for their promised low production cost, largely enabled by the facile kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline electrolytes and the broader selection of potential ionomers.1,2 The performance of AEMFCs has been improved significantly by utilizing AEM with high ion exchange capacity (IEC) and optimizing membrane electrode structures.3 However, some fundamental issues limiting the performance of AEMFCs need to be better understood, especially the reaction kinetics at the catalyst-ionomer interface and the

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Yurova, Polina A., Viktoria R. Malakhova, Ekaterina V. Gerasimova, Irina A. Stenina, and Andrey B. Yaroslavtsev. "Nafion/Surface Modified Ceria Hybrid Membranes for Fuel Cell Application." Polymers 13, no. 15 (2021): 2513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13152513.

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Low chemical durability of proton exchange membranes is one the main factors limiting their lifetime in fuel cells. Ceria nanoparticles are the most common free radical scavengers. In this work, hybrid membranes based on Nafion-117 membrane and sulfonic or phosphoric acid functionalized ceria synthesized from various precursors were prepared by the in situ method for the first time. Ceria introduction led to a slight decrease in conductivity of hybrid membranes in contact with water. At the same time, conductivity of membranes containing sulfonic acid modified ceria exceeded that of the pristi

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Jahan, Sarowar, Md Tarikul Islam, and Suman Chowdhury. "Investigation of Power Performance of a PEM Fuel Cell Using MATLAB Simulation." Malaysian Journal of Applied Sciences 5, no. 1 (2020): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/myjas.2020.5.1.230.

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Fuel cell based power generation systems have gained remarkable interest in this modern age, due to its high conversion efficiency and reliability. Among the different types of fuel cells, PEM fuel cells are achieving more significance due to its fast start up time and low operating temperature. This paper studies the mathematical model of proton exchange membrane of fuel cell (PEMFC) using Matlab/SIMULINK software. The paper consists of the calculation of cell voltage, stack current, ohmic loss, activation loss. This model is used to research the fuel cell behavior and the characteristic of o

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Yim, Chae-Ho, and Yaser Abu-Lebdeh. "Understanding Key Limiting Factors of Electrode and Cell Designs in Solid-State Lithium Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 2 (2022): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-012213mtgabs.

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Solid-state batteries (SSBs) use solid electrolytes (SE) to replace flammable liquid electrolytes that result in safer batteries with increased energy density enabled by lithium metal as an anode. Even though there have been recent major breakthroughs at the material level and some at the cell level, there are still many more challenges to overcome that are mostly related to the solid-solid interfaces besides the grand challenge of manufacturing these type of batteries with or without existing manufacturing processes with the promised energy density ( > 400Wh/Kg) at targeted low costs (<

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Limiting factors for fuel cell"

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Khadke, Prashant Subhas [Verfasser], and Ulrike [Akademischer Betreuer] Krewer. "Analysis of Performance Limiting factors in H2-O2 Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cell / Prashant Subhas Khadke ; Betreuer: Ulrike Krewer." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1175818275/34.

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Khadke, Prashant Subhas Verfasser], and Ulrike [Akademischer Betreuer] [Krewer. "Analysis of Performance Limiting factors in H2-O2 Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cell / Prashant Subhas Khadke ; Betreuer: Ulrike Krewer." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:084-16092811020.

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PAPURELLO, DAVIDE. "Biogas from anaerobic digestion of biomass (Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste and sewage sludge): trace compounds characterization through an innovative technique (PTR-MS) and detrimental effects on SOFC energy generators, from single cells to short stacks." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2544741.

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The use of biofuels instead of conventional fossil derived fuels is becoming an increasingly crucial topic for future energy systems where environmental issues are also taken into account. Biomass exploitation, including biowaste, appears as a promising means for the energy production and also it contributes to the carbon dioxide emissions reduction. Among the different techniques for biomass exploitation, interesting aspects are covered by the dry anaerobic fermentation of organic waste (OFMSW). In addition also interesting aspects can be achieved by the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge i

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Uría, Moltó Naroa. "Microbial fuel cell performance: design, operation and biological factors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284032.

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Una pila microbiana de combustible es un sistema bioelectroquímico en el cual las bacterias oxidan materia orgánica y transfieren los electrones a un electrodo produciendo electricidad. La eficiencia de este sistema depende de la actividad metabólica de los microorganismos creciendo en el ánodo, pero también de un gran número de factores relacionados con el diseño y la operación del sistema. El objetivo de esta tesis es contribuir al análisis y control de algunos de estos factores, así como ayudar a determinar el papel de los diferentes mecanismos de transferencia de electrones en el funcionam

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BONA, DENIS. "Study on the key factors allowing the PEM fuel cell systems large commercialization: fuel cell degradation and components integration." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2537914.

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PEM Fuel Cells are expected to gradually substitute internal combustion engines as electrical and co-generation power sources thanks to high efficiency, low operating temperature, fast startup time and favourable power-to-weight ratio. However, while PEMFCs have achieved significant progresses in the last decade, their short lifetime and high cost still continue to impede large-scale commercialization. The first subject of the present work had been the study of the PEM fuel cells degradation mechanisms with the aim of: a) find out the most relevant phenomena concerning the fuel cell life

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Marcum, Allen McDonald 1961. "Study of factors around automotive fuel cell implementation and market acceptance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8884.

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Thesis (S.M.M.O.T.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Management of Technology Program, 2001.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 78-79).<br>There are data that suggest that the earth's surface temperature has. increased over the past century. Many scientists believe that this rise is due to the emissions of greenhouse gases by anthropogenic sources, while others believe it is due primarily to natural phenomena, such as solar cycles. Regardless of the actual cause, we should be motivated to drastically reduce · emissions of these gases, improve fuel eff

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Colon-Jimenez, Lisandra. "Factors limiting spontaneous repair and their relevance for the efficiency of stem cell therapy of infarcted hearts." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1266171874.

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Dyantyi, Noluntu. "Factors influencing fuel cell life and a method of assessment for state of health." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6753.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD<br>Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) converts chemical energy from the electrochemical reaction of oxygen and hydrogen into electrical while emitting heat, oxygen depleted air (ODA) and water as by-products. The by-products have useful functions in aircrafts, such as heat that can be used for ice prevention, deoxygenated air for fire retardation and drinkable water for use on board. Consequently, the PEMFC is also studied to optimize recovery of the useful products. Despite the progress made, durability and reliability remain key challenges to the fuel cell

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Biz, Chiara. "Electronic and magnetic factors in the design of optimum catalysts for hydrogen fuel cells." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/14104.2022.709278.

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Fuel cells represent one of the most promising energy storage system nowadays. Nonetheless, several obstacles need to be overcome in order to commercially exploit this technology. One of them lies in the efficiency loss due to the overpotential of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Thus, during the last decades, researchers have mainly focused on finding optimum solid catalyst(s) with the following profile: good ORR activity, good stability under the operating FC conditions, inexpensive, widely available and environmentally friendly. Magnetic catalysts, based on 3d-metals such as Pt-based al

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Morgan, Jason. "Towards an Understanding of the Gas Diffusion Layer in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells." Digital WPI, 2016. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/555.

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The gas diffusion layer (GDL) is one of the key components in a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell. It performs several functions including the transport of reactant gases and product water to and from the catalyst layer, conduction of both electrons and heat produced in the catalyst layer, as well as mechanical support for the membrane. The overarching goal of this work is to thoroughly examine the GDL structure and properties for use in PEM fuel cells, and more specifically, to determine how to characterize the GDL experimentally ex-situ, to understand its performance in-situ, and

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Books on the topic "Limiting factors for fuel cell"

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B, Wipke Keith, Sprik Sam, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory (U.S.), eds. FCV learning demonstration: Factors affecting fuel cell degradation. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2008.

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Tsai, Ching-Wei, Sanjeev Noel, and Hamid Rabb. Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury, Repair, and Regeneration. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199653461.003.0030.

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Acute kidney injury (AKI), regardless of its aetiology, can elicit persistent or permanent kidney tissue changes that are associated with progression to end-stage renal disease and a greater risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In other cases, AKI may result in complete repair and restoration of normal kidney function. The pathophysiological mechanisms of renal injury and repair include vascular, tubular, and inflammatory factors. The initial injury phase is characterized by rarefaction of peritubular vessels and engagement of the immune response via Toll-like receptor binding, activation of

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Book chapters on the topic "Limiting factors for fuel cell"

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Kamaruzaman, Nur Azzalia, Mohd Hafiidz Jaafar, Mazlin Mohideen, and Sharon Fatinathan. "Effects of Treated and Untreated Sludge Applications on Human Health, the Environment and Other Ecological Factors." In Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) Applications for Sludge Valorization. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1083-0_2.

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Pedrazzoli, Paolo, and John B. A. G. Haanen. "Developments in Solid Tumours." In The EBMT/EHA CAR-T Cell Handbook. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94353-0_19.

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AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have emerged as breakthrough therapies in patients with refractory haematologic malignancies, and the highly encouraging clinical results have fuelled expectations of implementing these strategies in other cancer types. However, a similar success of CAR-T cell treatment has not yet been observed in solid tumours. Various factors, including the immunosuppressive nature of the tumour microenvironment, hinder CAR-T cell trafficking and infiltration into scarcely accessible tumour sites, and difficulties in identifying targetable antigens with optima

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Kazim, Ayoub. "Determination of an Optimum Performance of a PEM Fuel Cell Based on its Limiting Current Density." In Hydrogen Materials Science and Chemistry of Carbon Nanomaterials. Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2669-2_16.

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Liu, Jing, and Tong Zhang. "Design of Membrane Electrode Assembly with Non-precious Metal Catalyst for Self-humidifying Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell." In Proceedings of the 10th Hydrogen Technology Convention, Volume 1. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8631-6_39.

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AbstractHigh cost is one of the key factors restricting the industrialization and commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this paper, a low-cost membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is prepared by using a self-made non-precious metal catalyst. Through the polarization curve test of fuel cell, the optimal loading of Fe-N-S-C catalyst and the optimal ratio with Nafion ionomer are studied. When the loading of Fe-N-S-C catalyst is 2.0 mg cm−2 and the ratio of Nafion ionomer to Fe-N-S-C catalyst is 3:7, the performance of the PEMFC is the best. The performance of MEA unde

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Golz, Julia Carolin, and Kerstin Stingl. "Natural Competence and Horizontal Gene Transfer in Campylobacter." In Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65481-8_10.

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AbstractThermophilic Campylobacter, in particular Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli and C. lari are the main relevant Campylobacter species for human infections. Due to their high capacity of genetic exchange by horizontal gene transfer (HGT), rapid adaptation to changing environmental and host conditions contribute to successful spreading and persistence of these foodborne pathogens. However, extensive HGT can exert dangerous side effects for the bacterium, such as the incorporation of gene fragments leading to disturbed gene functions. Here we discuss mechanisms of HGT, notably natural transform

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Jiang, Bin, Tongshen Zhen, and Fangfang Fang. "Experimental Research on High-Pressure Hydrogen Leakage and Diffusion of Hydrogen Refueling Station." In Proceedings of the 10th Hydrogen Technology Convention, Volume 1. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8631-6_22.

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AbstractAs the infrastructure to provide hydrogen for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, hydrogen refueling station is a very important part of hydrogen energy utilization. However, due to the characteristics of hydrogen, such as flammability and explosion, low density, wide range of explosive limit concentration, hydrogen refueling station accidents often occur. The existing research on hydrogen refueling stations often uses the method of numerical simulation, and mainly considers the leakage of hydrogen storage tank. There are few relevant experimental studies and little consideration is given to

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Salminen, Justin, and Tanja Kallio. "Battery and Fuel Cell Materials." In Materials for a Sustainable Future. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781849734073-00537.

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Lithium ion battery-powered applications are rapidly increasing, especially for larger systems which include energy storage and some types of vehicles. Mass production capability exists for batteries but fuel cells are still made on a small scale. The global capacity for the industrial-scale production of large lithium ion battery cells or fuel cell systems is more likely to be the limiting factor than the shortage of natural resources if current plans for even partial electrification of vehicles or energy storage visions are to be realized. Strategic metals such as lithium, cobalt, platinum a

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Patterson, Timothy, and Sridhar Kanuri. "Fuel cells – Phosphoric acid fuel cell | Life-limiting considerations." In Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering. Elsevier, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-96022-9.00136-5.

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Weber, A. "Fuel Cells – Solid Oxide Fuel Cell | Life-Limiting Considerations." In Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-96022-9.00363-7.

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Sethuraman, Vijay. "Fuel cells – Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell | Life-limiting considerations." In Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering. Elsevier, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-96022-9.00300-5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Limiting factors for fuel cell"

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Hooie, Diane T., and Elias H. Camara. "Material Critical Issues for Phosphoric Acid and Carbonate Fuel Cells – 1986." In CORROSION 1986. NACE International, 1986. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1986-86083.

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Abstract The current primary life-limiting factor for fuel cells is material stability. Fuel cells operate at moderate (475K) to high (925 - 1275K) temperatures in a variety of mediums and, as a result, each has its own unique set of material stability concerns. The material critical issues for phosphoric acid and carbonate fuel cells will be discussed.

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Li, Xu, and Li Chen. "Enhancing Hydrogen Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle Performance With Strategies Based on Optimized Equivalent Factors." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Control Science and Systems Engineering (ICCSSE). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccsse63803.2024.10823967.

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Paul, L. D., and R. R. Seeley. "Oil Ash Corrosion-A Review of Utility Boiler Experience." In CORROSION 1990. NACE International, 1990. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1990-90267.

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Abstract A review of experience with oil ash corrosion is presented along with current design practices used to avoid excessive tube wastage. Factors influencing oil ash corrosion include fuel chemistry, boiler operation, and boiler design. These factors are interdependent and determine the corrosion behavior in utility boilers. Oil ash corrosion occurs when vanadium-containing ash deposits on boiler tube surfaces become molten. These molten ash deposits dissolve protective oxides and scales causing accelerated tube wastage. Vanadium is the major fuel constituent that is responsible for causin

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Wang, Yun. "Dynamic Characteristics of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Tank." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-23005.

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In this paper, we develop 3D dynamic models for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) and hydrogen tanks, respectively. The PEFC model considers the key components of a single PEFC and couples the various mechanisms that govern fuel cell transient including the electrochemical double-layer behavior, species transport, heat transfer, liquid water dynamics, and membrane water uptake. The hydrogen tank model includes a 3D description of the hydrogen discharging kinetics coupled with mass/heat transport in a LaNi5–based hydrogen tank. Efforts are made to discuss the dynamic characteristics of the

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Shiomi, Daisuke, Hiroshi Iwai, Kenjiro Suzuki, and Hideo Yoshida. "Numerical Study on Transient Characteristics of a Tubular SOFC Cell." In ASME 2005 3rd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2005-74171.

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Fundamental performance and the transient characteristics of a small tubular SOFC were numerically investigated. The model simultaneously treats momentum, heat and mass transfer, electrochemical phenomena and an electric circuit. Transient characteristics of a cell upon a sudden change of the cell terminal voltage or the air flow rate were examined. During its process, a steady simulation was first conducted and its result was used as the initial condition for the transient calculation. The transient calculation continued until a steady state under the new boundary condition was obtained. Disc

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Mukherjee, Partha P., and Chao-Yang Wang. "A Catalyst Layer Flooding Model for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells." In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2008-65021.

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It is widely recognized that the performance degradation and the limiting current behavior in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC) are mainly attributed to the excessive build up of liquid water in the cathode side and the resulting flooding phenomena. Liquid water blocks the open pore space in the catalyst layer (CL) and the gas diffusion layer (GDL) leading to hindered oxygen transport and covers the electrochemically active sites in the CL thereby rendering reduced catalytic activity. The CL flooding therefore plays a crucial role in the overall PEFC performance limitation. In order to elu

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Barbir, Frano, Bhaskar Balasubramanian, and Jay Neutzler. "Trade-Off Design Analysis of Operating Pressure and Temperature in PEM Fuel Cell Systems." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0840.

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Abstract The paper presents the results of an optimization study of an automotive fuel cell propulsion system equipped with a fuel reformer. Based on a set of fuel cell polarization curves determined experimentally by running a prototype fuel cell stack at a variety of operating pressures and temperatures, a numerical steady state model was used to determine the optimal operating pressure and temperature. The optimization criteria were the size of individual components and the entire propulsion system as well as its total efficiency at both full power and partial load. The results suggested th

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Nelson, George J., Comas Haynes, and William Wepfer. "Performance Metrics for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cross-Section Design." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2009-85087.

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Analytical models have been developed to describe the partial pressure distributions of reactants within solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) electrodes and introduce the concept of a reactant depletion current density. These existing analytical expressions for two-dimensional reactant partial pressure distributions and the reactant depletion current density are presented in non-dimensional form. Performance metrics for SOFC electrodes are developed including a correction factor that can be applied to button-cell predictions of pressure distribution and two forms of dimensionless reactant depletion cu

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Nelson, George, and Comas Haynes. "Parametric Studies of Constriction Resistance Effects Upon Solid Oxide Cell Transport Phenomena." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15100.

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The competition between mass transfer and electronic resistance effects arising from solid oxide cell interconnect geometry has been initially explored through parametric studies based on a design of experiments (DOE) approach. These studies have demonstrated the advantages of smaller interconnect-fuel stream total width and the increased dominance of mass transport as a limiting factor at low fuel stream hydrogen compositions. In addition to the direct effects of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) interconnect geometry on mass and electronic transport phenomena, the compounded effects of fuel strea

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Share, Dylan, Lakshmi Krishnan, Dan Walczyk, David Lesperence, and Raymond Puffer. "Thermal Sealing of Membrane Electrode Assemblies for High-Temperature PEM Fuel Cells." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33227.

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The main challenges of low temperature (80–120°C) Nafion-based PEM technology are (1) low cathode performance due to slow kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (2) high material costs (3) considerable system design and operation for water management (4) low tolerance to impurities in fuel stream and (5) low quality heat resulting in low overall system efficiency. Furthermore, Nafion membranes achieve maximum conductivity only when hydrated, limiting their operation to &lt;100 C. Operating the fuel cell &gt;100 C is desirable to overcome the aforementioned limitations. Though severa

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Reports on the topic "Limiting factors for fuel cell"

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Or, Dani, Shmulik Friedman, and Jeanette Norton. Physical processes affecting microbial habitats and activity in unsaturated agricultural soils. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587239.bard.

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experimental methods for quantifying effects of water content and other dynamic environmental factors on bacterial growth in partially-saturated soils. Towards this end we reviewed critically the relevant scientific literature and performed theoretical and experimental studies of bacterial growth and activity in modeled, idealized and real unsaturated soils. The natural wetting-drying cycles common to agricultural soils affect water content and liquid organization resulting in fragmentation of aquatic habitats and limit hydraulic connections. Consequently, substrate diffusion pathways to soil

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Meidan, Rina, and Robert Milvae. Regulation of Bovine Corpus Luteum Function. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604935.bard.

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The main goal of this research plan was to elucidate regulatory mechanisms controlling the development, function of the bovine corpus luteum (CL). The CL contains two different sterodigenic cell types and therefore it was necessary to obtain pure cell population. A system was developed in which granulosa and theca interna cells, isolated from a preovulatory follicle, acquired characteristics typical of large (LL) and small (SL) luteal cells, respectively, as judged by several biochemical and morphological criteria. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of granulosa cells removal

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Gustafsson, Marcus, and Stephanie Cordova. Värdeskapande av koldioxid från biogasproduktion. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/9789180753838.

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arbon dioxide (CO₂) has a negative impact on the climate, but it also has several practical areas of use. Many industrial processes emit CO₂ in high concentrations, which could be captured to mitigate emissions while also creating valuable products. One example of such a process is biogas upgrading – a process separating renewable gases, where methane is taken care of for use as vehicle fuel or industrial energy carrier, while CO₂ is released into the atmosphere. The aim of this project has been to chart alternatives and technologies for taking care of green CO₂ from biogas upgrading, so-calle

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Analysis of environmental factors impacting the life cycle cost analysis of conventional and fuel cell/battery-powered passenger vehicles. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/366490.

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