Journal articles on the topic 'Linguistic primacy'
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1
Liberek, Jarosław. "Norma językowa jako fakt społeczny fundowany na uzusie. Uwagi w kontekście Słownika właściwych użyć języka." Język Polski 101, no. 2 (September 2021): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31286/jp.101.2.3.
Abstract:
The prescriptive approach has been prevalent in discussions about the linguistic norm for many decades. Many linguists question the primacy of social custom and make many arbitrary changes to establish the subjective form of the norm. In connection with the planned The Dictionary of Proper Uses of Languagethe author of the article presents the best structuralist traditions and calls for research on the linguistic norm which is based on descriptive methods. It is necessary to completely break away from all manifestations of arbitrariness and subjectivity in contemporary prescriptive linguistics. The fundamental premise that the linguistic norm is a fact based on usus must be reflected in relevant procedures aimed at analyzing corpora consisting of millions of words. Such an approach will make it possible to establish a model that comprises more than just individual language uses. As far as dictionary definitions are concerned, the most frequent, widespread and thus typical linguistic units should be primarily considered to be normative. Typicality, determined by frequency, as well as textual, social and territorial conditions, is the most important category.
2
Dresner, Eli. "Radical Interpretation, the primacy of communication, and the bounds of language." Empedocles: European Journal for the Philosophy of Communication 1, no. 1 (November 1, 2009): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ejpc.1.1.123/1.
Abstract:
In the first section of this paper I review the notion of Radical Interpretation, introduced by Donald Davidson in order to account for linguistic meaning and propositional thought. It is then argued that this concept, as embedded in Davidson's whole philosophical system, gives rise to a view of communication as a key explanatory concept in the social sciences. In the second section of the paper it is shown how this view bears upon the question as to what the bounds of linguistic behaviour are. As opposed to major psychological and sociological perspectives on language, Davidson's communication-centred position gives rise to an inclusive, context-dependent answer to this question.
3
Gensini, Stefano. "The Linguistic Naturalism of Theophrastus Redivivus (1659?)." Historiographia Linguistica 23, no. 3 (January 1, 1996): 301–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.23.3.04gen.
Abstract:
Summary This paper deals with the linguistic subjects in Theophrastus redivivus (1659?), an anonymous masterpiece of French Free-thinkers movement. Attention is paid, firstly, to the criticism of the concept of god, whose existence is denied mainly on linguistic grounds; secondly, to the anti-Cartesian discussion of the alleged ‘primacy’ of humans, which also is denied with the argument that all animals share both reason and extrinsic discourse, although in forms different from ours. Particular attention is given to the argumentative structure of TR, which reveals an original fusion of Epicurean epistemology and of suggestions borrowed from the ancient Naturalism, notably as found in Aristotle’s Historia animalium
4
Ponari, Marta, Courtenay Frazier Norbury, Armand Rotaru, Alessandro Lenci, and Gabriella Vigliocco. "Learning abstract words and concepts: insights from developmental language disorder." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1752 (June 18, 2018): 20170140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0140.
Abstract:
Some explanations of abstract word learning suggest that these words are learnt primarily from the linguistic input, using statistical co-occurrences of words in language, whereas concrete words can also rely on non-linguistic, experiential information. According to this hypothesis, we expect that, if the learner is not able to fully exploit the information in the linguistic input, abstract words should be affected more than concrete ones. Embodied approaches instead argue that both abstract and concrete words can rely on experiential information and, therefore, there might not be any linguistic primacy. Here, we test the role of linguistic input in the development of abstract knowledge with children with developmental language disorder (DLD) and typically developing children aged 8–13. We show that DLD children, who by definition have impoverished language, do not show a disproportionate impairment for abstract words in lexical decision and definition tasks. These results indicate that linguistic information does not have a primary role in the learning of abstract concepts and words; rather, it would play a significant role in semantic development across all domains of knowledge. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Varieties of abstract concepts: development, use and representation in the brain’.
5
Kuparashvili, M. J. "A Philosophical view on Phonology of F. de Saussure and N.S. Trubetskoy." Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly, no. 3 (March 2021): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/am.03-21.094.
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Offered is the author’s philosophical understanding of the linguistic heritage of two iconic figures of philology science Ferdinand de Saussure and Nikolai Sergeevich Trubetskoy in search of foundations of the worldview of the era. A look at formation of post-modern in retrospect makes obvious importance of the strategy of structural linguistics and phonology, which in fact became the methodology of structuring history, ethnography, anthropology, poetry, geography, literature, mythology, etc. These strategies offer a fundamentally different view of the world and are definitely marked by the primacy of the language both before and after the post-modernism.
6
Biber,, Douglas. "Register as a predictor of linguistic variation." Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 8, no. 1 (May 25, 2012): 9–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cllt-2012-0002.
Abstract:
AbstractOver the last two decades, corpus analysis has been used as the basis for several important reference grammars and dictionaries of English. While these reference works have made major contributions to our understanding of English lexis and grammar, most of them share a major limitation: the failure to consider register differences. Instead, most reference works describe lexico-grammatical patterns as if they applied generally to English.The main goal of the present paper is to challenge this practice and the underlying assumption that the patterns of lexical-grammatical use in English can be described in general/global terms. Specifically, I argue that descriptions of the average patterns of use in a general corpus do not accurately describe any register. Rather, the patterns of use in speech are dramatically different from the patterns in writing (especially academic writing), and so minimally an adequate description must recognize the two major poles in this continuum (i.e., conversation versus informational written prose).The paper begins by comparing two general corpus approaches to the study of language use: variationist and text-linguistic. Although both approaches can be used to investigate the use of words, grammatical features, and registers, the two approaches differ in their bases: the first gives primacy to each linguistic token, while the second gives primacy to each text. This difference has important consequences for the overall research design, the kinds of variables that can be measured, the statistical techniques that can be applied, and the particular research questions that can be asked. As a result, the importance of register has been more apparent in text-linguistic studies than in studies of linguistic variation.The bulk of the paper, then, argues for the importance of register at all linguistic levels: lexical, grammatical, and lexico-grammatical. Analyses comparing conversation and academic writing are discussed for each level, showing how a general ‘average’ description includes some characteristics that are not applicable to one or the other register, while also omitting other important patterns of use found in particular registers.
7
Kibbey, Tyler. "Linguistics Out of the Closet." Cadernos de Linguística 2, no. 1 (April 19, 2021): 01–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25189/2675-4916.2021.v2.n1.id293.
Abstract:
In this paper, I develop a holistic framework for an anti-disciplinary project based in and encompassing the intellectual critiques of colonialism, imperialism, and racism within linguistics in addition to subsuming queer and trans programs of linguistic thought in queering the science of language. This anti-disciplinary project presents a defense of iconoclastic forms of knowledge production that explicitly reject a priori assumptions of the orthodox linguistic canon’s primacy as a body of knowledge and seeks to engage ulterior and auxiliary modes of language science. In rejecting the notion of linear scientific progression – the humanist notion of progress as forward-facing – this project furthermore seeks to move beyond simple critiques, apologetics, and hagiographies and work toward a true repositioning of the field and a productive reimagination of the discipline. To that end, I outline four anti-disciplinary concepts – hetero-cistoriography, transcriptivism, decentralization, and systamatic professionalism – which I argue are productive points of departure from the institution of discipline.
8
Olson, Daniel J. "Short-Term Sources of Cross-Linguistic Phonetic Influence: Examining the Role of Linguistic Environment." Languages 5, no. 4 (October 24, 2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages5040043.
Abstract:
While previous research has shown that bilinguals are able to effectively maintain two sets of phonetic norms, these two phonetic systems experience varying degrees of cross-linguistic influence, driven by both long-term (e.g., proficiency, immersion) and short-term (e.g., bilingual language contexts, code-switching, sociolinguistic) factors. This study examines the potential for linguistic environment, or the language norms of the broader community in which an interaction takes place, to serve as a source of short-term cross-linguistic phonetic influence. To investigate the role of linguistic environment, late bilinguals (L1 English—L2 Spanish) produced Spanish utterances in two sessions that differed in their linguistic environments: an English-dominant linguistic environment (Indiana, USA) and a Spanish-dominant linguistic environment (Madrid, Spain). Productions were analyzed at the fine-grained acoustic level, through an acoustic analysis of voice onset time, as well as more holistically through native speaker global accent ratings. Results showed that linguistic environment did not significantly impact either measure of phonetic production, regardless of a speaker’s second language proficiency. These results, in conjunction with previous results on long- and short-term sources of phonetic influence, suggest a possible primacy of the immediate context of an interaction, rather than broader community norms, in determining language mode and cross-linguistic influence.
9
Butler, Brian E. "Herman Oliphant, stare decisis and the primacy of pragmatics in legal reasoning (with a brief excursion into neuropragmatics)." Intercultural Pragmatics 16, no. 3 (May 27, 2019): 319–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ip-2019-0016.
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Abstract Capone and Bucca argue that legal interpretation can go significantly wrong when founded upon a false conception of language and linguistic practices. This claim is correct. Specifically, semantic-based theories of linguistic meaning that are based upon the idea that a “core” semantic meaning can be identified outside of context and then needs to be “pragmatically enriched” for specific applications get the project of understanding language use in the legal context profoundly backwards. This paper emphasizes the primacy of an embedded pragmatics over other conceptions of linguistic meaning and practice in law. Herman Oliphant, in “A Return to Stare Decisis” offers an argument that helps strengthen the claim for the “primacy of pragmatics” in law. His work also shows that if the primacy of pragmatics is accepted, not only does this have significant impact upon actual legal practice, but it also highlights worrisome blind spots in currently dominant philosophical theories of law. His argument is that a conception of law that is centered upon such an appeal to principle, stare dictis, leads to a legal practice based upon distorting abstractions and a false conception of language use in law pulled out of its worldly roots. Because of this, he argues that stare dictis is detrimental to a living and empirically effective and informed legal system. Hence the need for a return of stare decisis properly understood. His article gives some grounds for critiquing many dominant philosophical theories of law. Oliphant’s theory is, importantly, compatible with, and supported by, a picture of language use offered by Jaszczolt and recent work in neuropragmatism. This, in turn, can be thought as further verification of Capone and Buccas’ assertion that the adoption of a false theory of language can have far ranging and detrimental effects upon legal practice and legal theory.
10
Beckman, Mary E., and Jan Edwards. "The Ontogeny of Phonological Categories and the Primacy of Lexical Learning in Linguistic Development." Child Development 71, no. 1 (January 2000): 240–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00139.
11
Rinke, Esther, and Cristina Flores. "Portuguese as Heritage Language in Germany—A Linguistic Perspective." Languages 6, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages6010010.
Abstract:
This article provides a comprehensive overview of the contribution of linguistic research on Portuguese as a heritage language in Germany to the general understanding of heritage language development. From 1955 to 1973, nearly 166,000 Portuguese migrants found work in Germany as so-called ‘guest workers’ (Gastarbeiter). Because the aim of many Portuguese migrant families was to return to Portugal, their children met relatively good conditions for the acquisition of their heritage language. Nonetheless, second-generation heritage speakers (HSs) show some linguistic particularities in comparison to monolingual Portuguese speakers in Portugal. Based on the results of previous research, we show that the following factors shape the linguistic knowledge of this group of bilinguals: (1) Restricted exposure to the heritage language may cause a delay in the development of certain linguistic structures, (2) deviations from the standard norm may be related to the lack of formal education and the primacy of the colloquial register and (3) heritage bilinguals may accelerate ongoing diachronic development. We argue that apparent effects of influence from the environmental language can often have alternative explanations.
12
Rinke, Esther, and Cristina Flores. "Portuguese as Heritage Language in Germany—A Linguistic Perspective." Languages 6, no. 1 (January 7, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages6010010.
Abstract:
This article provides a comprehensive overview of the contribution of linguistic research on Portuguese as a heritage language in Germany to the general understanding of heritage language development. From 1955 to 1973, nearly 166,000 Portuguese migrants found work in Germany as so-called ‘guest workers’ (Gastarbeiter). Because the aim of many Portuguese migrant families was to return to Portugal, their children met relatively good conditions for the acquisition of their heritage language. Nonetheless, second-generation heritage speakers (HSs) show some linguistic particularities in comparison to monolingual Portuguese speakers in Portugal. Based on the results of previous research, we show that the following factors shape the linguistic knowledge of this group of bilinguals: (1) Restricted exposure to the heritage language may cause a delay in the development of certain linguistic structures, (2) deviations from the standard norm may be related to the lack of formal education and the primacy of the colloquial register and (3) heritage bilinguals may accelerate ongoing diachronic development. We argue that apparent effects of influence from the environmental language can often have alternative explanations.
13
Schutter, Helder De. "Personality and territoriality in theory and in Belgium." Language Problems and Language Planning 45, no. 2 (November 24, 2021): 218–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.00078.sch.
Abstract:
Abstract Language policy debates regularly refer to the principles of personality and territoriality. Yet the precise meaning of these principles remains unclear. In this contribution, I conceptualize these principles as poles of a continuum between official bilingualism (instantiating the personality principle) and official unilingualism (exemplifying the territoriality principle), with a mixed regime in between (which grants a certain territorial primacy to a language, but allows exceptions based on linguistic affiliation). The question of the determination of particular points on the continuum cannot be separated from the metaterritorial question of the boundaries of the units within which those principles apply. Application of this ‘continuum model’ to Belgium draws attention to three language-political regimes. The first invokes a strict personality principle (Brussels). The second follows the strict territoriality principle (almost all municipalities in Flanders and Wallonia). The third is a mixed regime (a total of 27 ‘municipalities with facilities’ where one language enjoys primacy but speakers of another language enjoy certain linguistic ‘facilities’). The article also analyses the manner in which these regimes were historically established in Belgium in combination with a delineation of the language border and the division of the country into four language areas.
14
Desmet, Piet, Peter Lauwers, and Pierre Swiggers. "Dialectology, Philology and Linguistics in the Romance Field." Variation in (Sub)standard language 13 (December 31, 1999): 177–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.13.10des.
Abstract:
Abstract. This contribution offers a historical survey of the views adopted by Romance scholars in methodological discussions tied up with dialectological work conducted between 1875 and 1925. Following an initial phase in which dialectology was strongly linked to folklore-based work and was mainly devoted to the collection of materials, the study of dialects gained a theoretical status within the historical-comparative model. Dialectology then became institutionalised as an academic discipline which developed in various theoretical directions, with Jules Gilliéron and Louis Gauchat as the two key representatives. Whereas Gilliéron favoured the semantic and psychological study of the history of words - to the neglect of the study of their phonetic evolution -, Gauchat stressed the primacy of phonetics, while paying due attention to sociolinguistic phenomena. The methodological principles on which dialectological work was based had a major impact on other domains within Romance linguistics. Walther von Wartburg, for example, integrated the results of dialectological work in his Romance etymological studies, and Antoine Meillet stressed the heuristic and methodological contribution of linguistic geography to historical and general linguistics.
15
Baehaqi, Luqman. "Mandating teaching approaches stifles innovation: a case against." Journal on English as a Foreign Language 12, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 198–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.23971/jefl.v12i1.3837.
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The article discusses the primacy of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) in research and pedagogy on second language (L2) writing in Indonesia. Indonesian academics use SFL theory as a shell to value arguments and observations in the methodological literature of L2 writing, demonstrating how the theory transforms into an "instrument reliable for scaffolding thinking, for propelling knowledge and ideas forward" (Thomas, 2007, p. 44) in their research and practice. The hijacking of an educational researcher's thought process and methodology by a linguistic paradigm serves only to reinforce the researchers' lack of confidence in challenging the established and recognized paradigm. Numerous articles from reputable local publications were gathered and analyzed. The paper concludes that researchers working in Indonesiashould commit to conducting more thought experiments to learn and support critical refection over and above imitating “what has been". Reflection and consideration of interdisciplinary evidence help make a unique contribution to educational theory and practice.
16
MEDOVA, ANASTASIA. "WHY PHENOMENOLOGY COULD NOT COMMIT THE LINGUISTIC TURN?" HORIZON / Fenomenologicheskie issledovanija/ STUDIEN ZUR PHÄNOMENOLOGIE / STUDIES IN PHENOMENOLOGY / ÉTUDES PHÉNOMÉNOLOGIQUES 11, no. 2 (2022): 558–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/2226-5260-2022-11-2-558-583.
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Frege and Husserl are traditionally regarded as the precursors of the linguistic turn; however, the importance of their ideas for this event still is not fully comprehended. This article contributes to such comprehension: the principles of the linguistic turn in its analytical interpretation provided by Rorty are applied as an indicator revealing the commonality and difference of Frege’s and Husserl’s positions regarding key issues of their concepts. The connection of the philosophers’ ideas with the linguistic turn is viewed in the context of their interpretation of predicativity, propositionality, contextuality of meaning, and ways of categorization. The analysis conducted gives rise to distinguishing between Frege’s and Husserl’s referential schemes. It is based on the differences in the characteristics of the connection between perception and predication. In conclusion, the arguments against Frege’s and Husserl’s involvement in the linguistic turn are emphasized. These arguments stem from the idea of the primacy of sense over language fundamental for both philosophers who proceed from the fact that certain a priori logical relations underlie utterances or other acts. There is a more solid argument which does not allow considering Frege’s and Husserl’s legacies as its source. This argument consists in the fact that they regard sense as an objective, communicable, and universal phenomenon independent of its carriers, not inherently linguistic, and pre-logical which is due to its intentional nature according to Husserl and logical “indecomposability” of concepts according to Frege.
17
Brala Vukanović, Marija, and Aneta Stojić. "Look at This 'Here'." Tabula, no. 19 (December 8, 2022): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32728/tab.19.2022.3.
Abstract:
Departing from the well-known ontological parallel between the pointing gesture on the one hand, and linguistic deixis on the other, in this paper we analyse the semantic and pragmatic dimensions of the deictic terms ‘here’ in English, ‘hier’ in German and ‘ovdje’ in Croatian. We systematize the different usages of these terms – both intra- and cross-linguistically – and propose a reading of the semantics of the proximal deictic element for 'linguistic spatial location', which – as our analysis shows – ranges from the pure spatial locational function, via a temporal – more generally metaphorical segment - all the way to a series of discourse functions. We observe that the universality of usage patterns that is found at the spatial, and even spatio-temporal level, can still be found – albeit to a lesser degree – at the discourse level. What seems to be maintained at all levels is the primacy of the proximal segment in terms of referential prominence. We thus conclude that what physical proximity is in the spatial sense, can largely be understood as pragmatic proximity in the linguistic sense.
18
ROTHMAN, JASON. "Linguistic and cognitive motivations for the Typological Primacy Model (TPM) of third language (L3) transfer: Timing of acquisition and proficiency considered." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 18, no. 2 (November 13, 2013): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136672891300059x.
Abstract:
This article elucidates the Typological Primacy Model (TPM; Rothman, 2010, 2011, 2013) for the initial stages of adult third language (L3) morphosyntactic transfer, addressing questions that stem from the model and its application. The TPM maintains that structural proximity between the L3 and the L1 and/or the L2 determines L3 transfer. In addition to demonstrating empirical support for the TPM, this article articulates a proposal for how the mind unconsciously determines typological (structural) proximity based on linguistic cues from the L3 input stream used by the parser early on to determine holistic transfer of one previous (the L1 or the L2) system. This articulated version of the TPM is motivated by argumentation appealing to cognitive and linguistic factors. Finally, in line with the general tenets of the TPM, I ponder if and why L3 transfer might obtain differently depending on the type of bilingual (e.g. early vs. late) and proficiency level of bilingualism involved in the L3 process.
19
GIANCASPRO, DAVID, BECKY HALLORAN, and MICHAEL IVERSON. "Transfer at the initial stages of L3 Brazilian Portuguese: A look at three groups of English/Spanish bilinguals." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 18, no. 2 (October 30, 2014): 191–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728914000339.
Abstract:
This study examines three formal linguistic acquisition models of third language (L3) acquisition in the context of Brazilian Portuguese (BP), specifically examining Differential Object Marking (DOM). The main goal is to determine which of the models is best able to predict and explain syntactic transfer in three experimental groups: mirror-image groups of first/second language (L1/L2) English/Spanish bilinguals (i) L1 English/L2 Spanish and (ii) L1 Spanish/L2 English, and (iii) heritage Spanish/English bilinguals. The data provide evidence to support the Typological Primacy Model (Rothman, 2010, 2011, 2013), which predicts Spanish transfer irrespective of its status as an L1, L2 or bilingual first language (2L1). Additionally, the heritage speaker and L1 English group results, taken together, provide evidence for Iverson's (2009) claim that comparing such populations adds independent supportive evidence that the acquisition of linguistic features or properties in an L2 acquired past puberty is not subject to a maturational critical period.
20
Gustafsson Sendén, Marie, Alice Eagly, and Sabine Sczesny. "Of Caring Nurses and Assertive Police Officers: Social Role Information Overrides Gender Stereotypes in Linguistic Behavior." Social Psychological and Personality Science 11, no. 6 (November 14, 2019): 743–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550619876636.
Abstract:
Three studies demonstrated the expression of gender stereotypes in linguistic behavior. In Study 1, participants composed sentences describing a person by freely choosing from female- or male-dominated occupations, female or male pronouns, and communal or agentic traits. In Study 2a, participants chose traits to describe a person identified by a female- or male-dominated occupation and in Study 2b by a female or male pronoun and noun. In Study 3, participants chose traits for a person identified by both a female- or male-dominated occupation and a female or male pronoun. In general, participants chose more communal and fewer agentic traits for sentences containing a female- (vs. male-) dominated occupation and a female (vs. male) pronoun or noun. However, participants described women and men in the same occupation as similarly agentic or communal, demonstrating the primacy of role over sex information as predicted by social role theory.
21
Rothman, Jason. "L3 syntactic transfer selectivity and typological determinacy: The typological primacy model." Second Language Research 27, no. 1 (December 22, 2010): 107–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658310386439.
Abstract:
The present article addresses the following question: what variables condition syntactic transfer? Evidence is provided in support of the position that third language (L3) transfer is selective, whereby, at least under certain conditions, it is driven by the typological proximity of the target L3 measured against the other previously acquired linguistic systems (cf. Rothman and Cabrelli Amaro, 2007, 2010; Rothman, 2010; Montrul et al., 2011). To show this, we compare data in the domain of adjectival interpretation between successful first language (L1) Italian learners of English as a second language (L2) at the low to intermediate proficiency level of L3 Spanish, and successful L1 English learners of L2 Spanish at the same levels for L3 Brazilian Portuguese. The data show that, irrespective of the L1 or the L2, these L3 learners demonstrate target knowledge of subtle adjectival semantic nuances obtained via noun-raising, which English lacks and the other languages share. We maintain that such knowledge is transferred to the L3 from Italian (L1) and Spanish (L2) respectively in light of important differences between the L3 learners herein compared to what is known of the L2 Spanish performance of L1 English speakers at the same level of proficiency (see, for example, Judy et al., 2008; Rothman et al., 2010). While the present data are consistent with Flynn et al.’s (2004) Cumulative Enhancement Model, we discuss why a coupling of these data with evidence from other recent L3 studies suggests necessary modifications to this model, offering in its stead the Typological Primacy Model (TPM) for multilingual transfer.
22
Sivova, T. V. "Color Continuum of the Story “The Golden Rose” by K.G. Paustovsky." Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta. Seriya Gumanitarnye Nauki 162, no. 5 (2020): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/2541-7738.2020.5.101-117.
Abstract:
A fragment of K.G. Paustovsky’s coloristic world view was reconstructed, which is of certain interest due to the importance of color in his works and in the light of anthropocentrism that prevails in modern linguistics. It was revealed that the color space of the story “The Golden Rose” (‘Zolotaya roza’), within the field model with zones based on both quantitative and qualitative features, is characterized by numerous color terms (for example, the field core includes 40 color terms). The color dominants of the story (black, white, yellow, and green) demonstrate the specificity of K.G. Paustovsky’s style with regard to color perception, as well as the primacy of national coloristic pattern over the individual one. The zonation of color terms shows K.G. Paustovsky’s space visualization, in which the transition occurs from the information component to the figurative one, as well as from color to light. The interrelation of color-light and space-time characteristics creates a unique color chronotope of the story “The Golden Rose”. Therefore, the identified features of K.G. Paustovsky’s color perception cast light upon his idiostyle. The results of the analysis confirm that the coloristic component played a key role in his linguistic world view.
23
Chernov, Ghelly V. "Simultaneous interpretation in Russia." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 4, no. 1 (December 31, 1999): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.4.1.06che.
Abstract:
Simultaneous conference interpretation was first practiced in Russia towards the end of the 1920s on rather primitive equipment. Research in simultaneous interpretation began in the 1960s and the concepts of the primacy of the sense of the message and the significance of interpreters' extra-linguistic knowledge underlay the training from the very beginning. A brief description is given of the history of the few schools of translation and interpreting existing in Russia. The author shows to what extent ongoing research in SI in Russia had an impact on the curricula of the schools. Finally, several suggestions are made on how to improve both training methods and lab equipment in future.
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Sandhu, Priti. "Resisting linguistic marginalization in professional spaces: Constructing multi-layered oppositional stances." Applied Linguistics Review 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 369–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2015-0017.
Abstract:
AbstractThis paper analyzes the resistant stances enacted by six recently-graduated, Hindi medium educated (HME) Indian women against the primacy accorded to English medium educated (EME) individuals in urban professional hiring practices. The data were collected in face-to-face, audio-recorded interviews by the researcher in the summer of 2013 from New Delhi. Aligning with Jaffe’s (2009) argument that a salient role of stance-based research is to theorize the relationship between stancetaking and sociocultural conditions and adopting a critical constructivist perspective (while withholding claims about participants’ inner psychological states), this paper shows that within the postcolonial context of urban India, the liminal, hybrid, third spaces of participants’ locations are discursively connected to the exigencies and inequalities characteristic of their local social structures. Analysis of participants’ resistant stances demonstrates their complex, multi-layered, and context-specific characteristics elucidating the ways in which these stance performances are achieved by variously intertwining discourses about linguistic prejudices, nationalism, colonialism, gender and socioeconomic conditions. Specifically, these sociopolitical issues are related to (i) gender-based personal safety anxieties, (ii) neoliberal discourses about India’s demographic dividend (i.e. the public celebration of the increase in the country’s ‘young’ population), (iii) arguments about justice, citizenship and national language, (iv) discourses of colonialism and government apathy, (v) group rights, ethics and responsibilities, and (vi) an unvarnished shaming of the ubiquity of EME preference in local hiring practices. The paper argues that HME-associated linguistic exclusionary practices, whether driven by economic necessities or by biased linguistic ideologies, perpetuate and deepen existing class-based divides, fail the aspirational needs of a growing urban, youthful, and vernacular medium educated population while further complicating the challenges faced by women in a historically patriarchal society.
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Jankiewicz, Szymon, Nadezhda Knyaginina, and Federica Prina. "Linguistic Rights and Education in the Republics of the Russian Federation: Towards Unity through Uniformity." Review of Central and East European Law 45, no. 1 (March 13, 2020): 59–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730352-bja10003.
Abstract:
This article traces the evolution of the debate on the balancing of federal and regional competences in regulating the use of minority languages in Russia’s education system. Taking into account relevant law and judicial practice, as well as developments in center-periphery relations since 2017, the article argues that the federal center has been increasingly depriving Russia’s republics of the ability to self-regulate in the education sphere – particularly over the question as to whether they may require the compulsory study of republican languages (recognized as co-official with Russian) in schools located within their administrative borders. These processes can be located in the context of the centralization of the education system and a corresponding reduction of multilingualism in Russia’s schools. This can, in turn, be seen as part of an underlying drive to promote national unity through uniformity, through the dilution of the country’s linguistic and cultural diversity and a concurrent emphasis on the primacy of the Russian language. The article further argues that the Russian education system’s centralization has been ongoing: while it has intensified since 2017, the trajectory of the jurisprudence shows an earlier movement towards a concern for ‘unity’ that anticipated it.
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Gajda, Paulina. "Cechy polskiego języka biznesu jako języka specjalistycznego w początkowym etapie kształtowania się (na podstawie „Czasu” z lat 1870–1914)." Investigationes Linguisticae, no. 33 (July 1, 2016): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/il.2016.33.5.
Abstract:
The aim of the article is to present a specific features of business language at the initial stage of its development (years: 1870-1914). This stage provides an interesting research material and its analysis is necessary to have a full overview of business language as a specialized variety of contemporary Polish. The article concerns various aspects of this issue: diversity of business subject fields, the primacy of cognitive function over the communicative function and specific features of the grammatical and lexical scope. All features stem from the specific communicative situations in which business language as a language for specific purposes occurs. The analysis embraces the linguistic material that comes from the Krakow newspaper Czas.
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Rakoczy, Marta. "Philosophical dialogue – towards the cultural history of the genre." Lingua Posnaniensis 59, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/linpo-2017-0007.
Abstract:
Abstract This text analyzes philosophical dialogue (from Plato to Augustine of Hippo, Berkeley, Hume and Leibniz) as a linguistic genre embedded in the cultural, historical and media context, which was decisive for the role and functions accorded to philosophy as such. I argue that one way to describe transformations of Western thought, which has not been consistently implemented, is a description of its history through the category of progressive textualization and through anthropological-historical category of a genre. Two models of communication analyzed by Ives Winkin – orchestral and telegraphic – first associated with the perception of communication as an act of interpersonal, linguistic and non-linguistic communio, and second, the perception of communication as a linear transfer of information from one mind to another, have their historical, especially the media roots. The first is associated with the word alive and spoken communication. The second is conditioned by the primacy of the printed word and the quiet, solitary reading, which cuts off existential contexts, and decontextualizes an utterance and tranforms it into a strictly graphic message far from direct, interpersonal understanding. Both models can be seen well in philosophical texts. And the dominance of the latter, related to the development of print culture, allows us to understand why the philosophical dialogue as a trace of the conversation – a trace of the existential practice as well as philosophical – is experiencing a crisis in modern times.
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Jones, Peter E. "Integrationist reflections on the place of dialogue in our communicational universe." Language and Dialogue 8, no. 1 (April 26, 2018): 118–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ld.00008.jon.
Abstract:
Abstract Roy Harris identifies the “main flaw” in J. L. Austin’s account of language as a “failure to consider to what extent being able to ‘do things with words’ is parasitic on being able to do things without them”. Harris’s comment here serves as a springboard for a critical evaluation of communicational theories based around “talk-in-interaction” or dialogic principles. The primacy thereby given to linguistic interaction arguably entails a mystification of communication processes and the dis-integration of the social world into which our communicational experiences are intervowen. Consequently, the ghost of segregationism, in the shape of Harris’s “fallacy of verbalism”, continues to haunt, at times faintly, at times aggressively, the assumptions and methodologies of the approaches in question.
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Figiel, Agnieszka. "Głusi i język migowy — spór o język i kulturę." Kultura i Społeczeństwo 53, no. 1 (March 23, 2009): 153–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/kis.2009.53.1.8.
Abstract:
The article tries to describe phenomena that have so far largely not captured the attention of the Polish social sciences, that is the process of crystallization and manifestation of the cultural identity of the deaf. The controversies presented here concern mainly two questions. The first is whether the sign (visual-spatial) language may be treated on a par with a phonic one as another type of human language. Secondly, whether on the basis of this linguistic differentiation one can speak of the cultural and linguistic identity of the deaf. In such a case the destruction of the sense of hearing would not be treated as a physical disability, but as a characteristic of cultural otherness. Moreover, one can be culturally Deaf even if one c a n hear — the factors that constitute the minority Deaf Culture are above all: the use of sign language, the recognition of its primacy over the artificial systems of sign language and a phonic language as well as the protection of the cultural heritage of the Deaf in a society capable of audition where the Deaf are discriminated against and “discultured” (for example by the system of education or the imperative of curing deafness by cochlear implants).
30
Leask, Ian. "Was There a Theological Turn in Phenomenology?" Philosophy Today 62, no. 1 (2018): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philtoday201837205.
Abstract:
This article examines the possibility that phenomenology was “always already” a theological enterprise, by outlining some of the foundational criticisms levelled by Michel Foucault and Louis Althusser. For both thinkers, the phenomenological stress on “lived experience” grants an undue primacy to the realm of “interiority”; as a result, subjectivity is left, not just reified, but also deified. By contrast, both Foucault and Althusser will argue for understanding the subject as constituted rather than constitutive; philosophy’s task, accordingly, is to delineate the broader structures (economic, ideological, discursive, linguistic, etc.) that create “lived experience,” rather than to hypostatize the subject as the privileged bearer of logos. As well as outlining the contours of this critique, however, the article indicates some of the shortcomings entailed in a total disavowal of “lived experience.”
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Stainton, Robert J. "Using non-sentences." Pragmatics and Cognition 2, no. 2 (January 1, 1994): 269–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.2.2.04sta.
Abstract:
Michael Dummett has nicely expressed a rather widespread doctrine about the primacy of sentences. He writes: "you cannot DO anything with a word — cannot effect any conventional (linguistic) act by uttering it — save by uttering some sentence containing that word ...". In this paper we argue that this doctrine is mistaken: it is not only sentences, but also ordinary words and phrases which can be used in isolation. The argument involves two steps. First: we show — using Sperber and Wilson's relevance theory — that an utterance of "John's father" could COMMUNICATE a proposition. Second: we point out that, in this context, this proposition would be asserted rather than merely implicated. Because there is nothing importantly idiosyncratic about the phrase "John's father", we infer that words and phrases generally can be used in isolation to make assertions.
32
Brunet, Yves. "Évolution de la relation rang-taille dans le système urbain québécois entre 1871 et 1976." Articles 56, no. 4 (January 21, 2009): 569–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/600947ar.
Abstract:
Abstract An analysis of 10 variables caracterising the distribution of the Québec's cities size, permitted identification of 3 distinct phases of evolution of the urban system since 1871. Primatial growth reached a maximum in the 1920s and was followed by a transition-maturation period where, around 1956, the number of centers stabilized at 60. Lognormality was then at a maximum. Since that peak, the metropolisation process induced a new spell of primatial growth. The Quebec urban structure is still markedly unbalanced, the transition from primacy to lognormality is still going on. Its longing could be explained by the fact that in Quebec the "center-periphery" spatial dualism is doubled with an ethno-linguistic dualism. Without the french-english opposition one can think that the transition period would have resolved rapidly with the development of non-metropolitan industrial complexes.
33
Takeuchi, Lone. "Zhuangzi and the search for coherence in Ise monogatari." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 72, no. 2 (May 28, 2009): 357–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x0900055x.
Abstract:
AbstractThis study proposes a reorientation of Ise monogatari's intertextuality beyond an exclusively Japanese perspective. The Ise monogatari text we have today is analysed as a single poetic-prose narrative entity, taking account of narrative patterns, paronomasia and other linguistic or rhetorical features. It is argued that Zhuangzi 荘子 (J. Sōshi) at a general level appears to have been used as an ideological pretext to construct a valorized episteme that grounded knowledge, perception and action in the ultimate immediacy beyond subjective or conventional distinctions. Further, a detailed analysis of six core sections proposes that specific passages in Zhuangzi may plausibly have inspired motifs and material details. The contention is that this approach, which breaks with the tradition that has long given primacy to historicizing methods, captures the philosophical coherence of the text without excluding incremental views of its production.
34
Popovic, Una. "The silence of the other: The voice and the sign." Filozofija i drustvo 31, no. 4 (2020): 569–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid2004569p.
Abstract:
This paper is about the interconnectedness of the realm of language with that of social interactions, constitutive of all human communities. Arguing against the traditional and still present primacy of the rationally based understanding of language, I wish to stress the possibility of another approach to language, strongly related to the question of the Other. Relying on the idea that the Other is a constitutive part of any linguistic situation, I wish to inspect how it is possible for the voice of the Other to be suppressed or silenced, and if that is the case, how we should understand the silence of the Other. The main result of my findings is that the silence of the Other is not only meaningful, but that it can have positive social and political effects, including the enhancement of the sensitivity for the various modalities of the voice of the Other.
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Jaensch, Carol. "Third language acquisition." Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 3, no. 1 (February 25, 2013): 73–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.3.1.04jae.
Abstract:
Up until around ten years ago, third language acquisition (L3A) research was generally subsumed under the umbrella term of second language acquisition (L2A). In this short space of time, however, L3A has established itself as an independent strand of linguistic research, providing an invaluable source of information into language and language acquisition. This paper emphasises the crucial differences between L2A and L3A. It provides a snapshot of the current state of cognitive research into L3A, discussing studies in the domains of morphology, syntax, phonology and lexicon. Recently proposed (specific L3) generative models are discussed, such as Cumulative Enhancement Model (Flynn, Foley & Vinnitskaya, 2004), L2 Status Factor (Bardel & Falk, 2007) and Typological Primacy Model (Rothman, 2011) together with an alternative proposal (Contextual Complexity Hypothesis, Hawkins & Casillas, 2007). Finally this paper highlights the gaps in our knowledge and the direction for future research in this fast-growing area of research.
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Laruelle, Marlene. "Introduction to the Special Issue: The Donbas Conflict." Nationalities Papers 47, no. 5 (September 2019): 715–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nps.2019.42.
Abstract:
Many scholarly studies of the Ukrainian conflict look at its origins, focusing either on the international level (external interference) or the domestic one (including ethnic, linguistic, economic, and regional tensions) (Pikulicka-Wilczewska and Sakwa 2015). The international level of analysis draws attention to external factors, namely Russia’s conscious decision to fragment Ukraine and make it a “failed state” in order to avoid its moving closer to the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Even though Moscow denies playing any role in the conflict, several international and independent Russian sources have confirmed the direct involvement of Russian regular troops (Urban 2015; Sutyagin 2015; Yashin and Shorina 2015). For scholars who emphasize the primacy of the international aspect of the conflict, the current war in Donetsk and Luhansk is not a civil war but a war orchestrated and directed from Moscow against Ukraine via Russian proxies (Motyl 2014; Kuzio 2015).
37
MANDLER, JEAN M., and CRISTÓBAL PAGÁN CÁNOVAS. "On defining image schemas." Language and Cognition 6, no. 4 (May 13, 2014): 510–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2014.14.
Abstract:
abstractIn this theoretical paper we propose three different kinds of cognitive structure that have not been differentiated in the psychological and cognitive linguistic literatures. They are spatial primitives, image schemas, and schematic integrations. Spatial primitives are the first conceptual building blocks formed in infancy, image schemas are simple spatial stories built from them, and schematic integrations use the first two types to build concepts that include non-spatial elements, such as force and emotion. These different kinds of structure have all come under the umbrella term of ‘image schemas’. However, they differ in their content, developmental origin, imageability, and role in meaning construction in language and in thought. The present paper indicates how preverbal conceptualization needs to be taken into account for a complete understanding of image schemas and their uses. It provides examples to illustrate this influence, the most important of these being the primacy of imageable spatial information.
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Rewa, Natalie. "Clichés of Ethnicity Subverted: Robert LePage's La Trilogie des Dragons." Theatre Research in Canada 11, no. 2 (September 1990): 148–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/tric.11.2.148.
Abstract:
La Trilogie des dragons, conceived and produced under the direction of Robert Lepage, has received national and international acclaim. This analysis of the six-hour version of the production examines how Lepage departs from traditional explorations of cultural communities. In a strikingly flexible playing space the production elicits an intertextual discourse among the disparate texts connoting ethnic experience. Superimposed on a simple narrative exploring the lives of two Québécois women is a metatext which questions the validity of narrow, highly individualized, artistic portrayals of multiculturalism. The mise en scène embodies archaeological inquiry into the physical artifacts of a population; the predominantly non-verbal text encourages a reconsideration of the primacy of written documents as a way of creating meaning; the use of three languages within the course of the production challenges the emphasis placed on linguistic compatibility between stage and audience; and the theatricality highlights, simultaneously, cultural stereotypes and their appropriation into a new context.
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Helms, Kirsten Lindegaard. "The Crosslinguistic Influence of First and Second Language on Third Language Acquisition." Leviathan: Interdisciplinary Journal in English, no. 4 (March 1, 2019): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/lev.v0i4.112682.
Abstract:
This paper explores the crosslinguistic influences of first and second language on third language acquisition. While it has earlier been argued that Universal Grammar is lost with subsequent language acquisition, some studies indicate that Universal Grammar is not lost and is also applied when acquiring other languages. By drawing on two studies of third language acquisition where the third languages are V2, it is shown that when it comes to acquiring a third language, transfer can happen from both the first and second languages. One study showed that both the first and second languages can influence the acquisition of a third language while another argued in favor of the second language being the most dominant influence. On the basis of an examination of different theoretical approaches to language transfer, this paper argues that the Typological Primacy Model provides the most convincing and pragmatic explanation in that language transfer depends on linguistic circumstances.
40
MADRID, ARTURO. "Official English: A False Policy Issue." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 508, no. 1 (March 1990): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716290508001006.
Abstract:
Making English the official language of the United States is a false policy issue. The evidence does not support arguments that the use of English is declining or that the use of other languages debilitates the social fabric of the United States. On the contrary, attempts to impose English on the U.S. population have served historically to divide the nation. The facts do not support linguistic or social fragmentation. English is the language of state and the common language of the U.S. population. Immigrants continue to enter the United States because of the protections and opportunities it offers, and they give highest priority to learning English. The real language-policy issues have to do with literacy and high-level multilingual skills. A sane national language policy would give primacy to literacy and would promote multilingualism. The nation's energies must be directed at language policies that empower all citizens rather than punish some.
41
Bonvillian, John D., Cathleen Althaus Rea, Michael D. Orlansky, and L. Allen Slade. "The effect of sign language rehearsal on deaf subjects' immediate and delayed recall of English word lists." Applied Psycholinguistics 8, no. 1 (March 1987): 33–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400000059.
Abstract:
ABSTRACTThe relationship between sign language rehearsal and written free recall was examined by having deaf college students overtly rehearse the sign language equivalents of printed English words. In studies of both immediate and delayed memory, word recall was found to increase as a function of total rehearsal frequency and frequency of appearance in rehearsal sets. The serial recall curves in both memory experiments evidenced a primacy effect, which was interpreted as resulting from increased rehearsal of the words in the initial positions over the course of the list. In contrast to findings from previous short- and long-term memory studies with normally hearing subjects, neither a recency nor a negative recency effect was found. High imagery words were rehearsed and recalled slightly more frequently in immediate memory, but there was no effect resulting from the different imagery values of the stimuli in delayed recall. These results are discussed in relation to current conceptualizations of memory and of linguistic processing by deaf individuals.
42
Zanini, Chiara, Rosa Rugani, Dunia Giomo, Francesca Peressotti, and Francesca Franzon. "Effects of animacy on the processing of morphological Number: a cognitive inheritance?" Word Structure 13, no. 1 (March 2020): 22–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2020.0158.
Abstract:
Language encodes into morphology part of the information present in the referential world. Some features are marked in the great majority of languages, such as the numerosity of the referents that is encoded in morphological Number. Other features do not surface as frequently in morphological markings, yet they are pervasive in natural languages. This is the case of animacy, that can ground Gender systems as well as constrain the surfacing of Number. The diffusion of numerosity and animacy could mirror their biological salience at the extra-linguistic cognitive level. Human extra-linguistic numerical abilities are phylogenetically ancient and are observed in non-human animal species, especially when counting salient animate entities such as social companions. Does the saliency of animacy influence the morphological encoding of Number in language processing? We designed an experiment to test the encoding of morphological Number in language processing in relation to animacy. In Italian, Gender and Number are mandatorily expressed in a fusional morpheme. In some nouns denoting animate referents, Gender encodes the sex of referents and is semantically interpretable. In some other animate nouns and in inanimate nouns, Gender is uninterpretable at the semantic level. We found that it is easier to inflect for Number nouns when the inflectional morpheme is interpretable with respect to a semantic feature related to animacy. We discuss the possibility that the primacy of animacy in counting is mirrored in morphological processing and that morphology is designed to easily express information that is salient from a cognitive point of view.
43
Akoto, Osei Yaw, Charles Ofosu Marfo, Juliet Oppong-Asare Ansah, Emmanuel Antwi Fordjour, and Isaac Adjei Forson. "Examining graphemic and lexical anglicisms in Twi for academic purposes in textbooks written in Twi." Linguistik Online 113, no. 1 (February 9, 2022): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.113.8309.
Abstract:
This paper examines graphemic and lexical borrowings in Twi for Academic Purposes (TAP). Textbooks written in Asante Twi by some renowned scholars in the language constituted the dataset for this study. The textbooks were read and all instances of anglicisms or English features borrowed into Twi were collected. The borrowed-features were identified by drawing on our native speaker and scholarly competencies. The dataset was analyzed by drawing on Clyne’s (1977) Borrowing Typology and Haugen’s (1950) Borrowability Scale. Three key findings emerged from the analysis. First, the study yielded that in TAP two letters (<v>, and <j>) are borrowed towards empowering Asante Twi to enable it to account for words that contain these letters. Second, at the lexical level, it was found that the borrowed words were either integrated or adapted into Asante Twi linguistic environment. The final point was that all the lexical items realized were nominals affirming the primacy of noun on borrowability scales. The findings have implications for developing Ghanaian languages for academic purposes.
44
Goral, Mira. "What Can Aphasia Tell Us about How the First-Acquired Language Is Instantiated in the Brain?" Languages 7, no. 4 (November 4, 2022): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7040283.
Abstract:
Recent neurolinguistic theories converge on the hypothesis that the languages of multilingual people are processed as one system in the brain. One system for the multiple languages is also at the core of a translanguaging framework of multilingualism—a framework that focuses on each speaker’s complete linguistic repertoire rather than on the separate languages they know. However, evidence from neuroimaging studies suggests at least some nonoverlapping activations of the first-acquired language (L1) and other (non-L1) languages of multilingual people, especially when the age of acquisition and/or levels of proficiency differ across the languages. Neurolinguistic studies of acquired language disorders have demonstrated that in multilingual people who experience language impairments due to brain lesion, L1 may be less impaired or better recovered than non-L1. This paper explores the evidence available to date from the study of acquired language impairment regarding this potential primacy of the first-acquired language. Findings suggest that L1 may be better preserved in many instances of language impairment, challenging the theory of a single system for multiple languages.
45
Filatov, A. V. "Two approaches to the analysis of spatial and temporal organizations of a literary work (M.M. Bakhtin and V.M. Zhirmunsky)." Solov’evskie issledovaniya, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2076-9210.2020.4.151-161.
Abstract:
This article examines two methodologies for analyzing a literary work. The first one was developed by M.M. Bakhtin on the basis of a broad aesthetic and philosophical approach; the second one was developed by V.M. Zhirmunsky on the basis of a more specific formal and poetological approach. These methodologies were applied by both researchers to A.S. Pushkin’s poems in the 1920s. It is argued that Bakhtin’s methodology was worked out in opposition to the main provisions of Zhirmunsky, who was close to the position of Russian formalism, also taking into account L.V. Shcherba’s achievements in the field of the linguistic analysis of a poetic text. This article describes the fundamental differences in the methodological conceptions of the philosopher and the literary critic concerning the nature of verbal creativity and understanding of the spatial and temporal organization of a literary work. The comparison of two analyses of Pushkin’s poem “For the Shores of Distant Homeland…”, shows that Zhirmunsky reduces the spatial and temporal aspects of a work of art to the compositional arrangement of verbal and sound material, since he considers verbal creativity as a linguistic phenomenon, while Bakhtin refers to the space and time of aesthetic reality, drawing a distinction between the composition and the architectonics of the literary work. It appears that the philosopher perceives the work as a field of dialogue between various subjects of consciousness (the author, the characters, the reader), while the literary critic proceeds from the author’s primacy as creator of a system of artistic techniques, giving the reader a position of passive perception. It is concluded that both methods of analysis complement each other organically, Zhirmunsky analyzing the verbal-compositional dimensions of a literary work and Bakhtin its objective-architectonic dimension.
46
Smith, Stephen, Tone Saevi, Rebecca Lloyd, and Scott Churchill. "Editorial: Life Phenomenology--Movement, Affect and Language." Phenomenology & Practice 11, no. 1 (July 11, 2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/pandpr29334.
Abstract:
The “life phenomenology” theme of the 35th International Human Science Research Conference challenged participants to consider pressing questions of life and of living with others of our own and other-than-human kinds. The theme was addressed by keynote speakers Maxine Sheets-Johnstone, Ralph Acampora and David Abram who invoked a motile, affective and linguistic awareness of how we might dwell actively and ethically amongst human communities and with the many life forms we encounter in the wider, wilder world we have in common. Conference participants were provoked to consider the following questions: “How might phenomenology have us recognize a primacy of movement and bring us in touch with the motions and gestures of the multiple lifeworlds of daily living? What worlds from ecology to technology privilege certain animations? What are the affects and effects of an enhanced phenomenological sensitivity? What senses, feelings, emotions and moods of self-affirmation and responsiveness to others sustain us in our daily lives? And to what extent might the descriptive, invocative, provocative language of phenomenology infuse the human sciences and engender a language for speaking directly of life?”
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Kamau, Nicholas Goro. "The metatext of culture and the limits of translation in Ngũgĩ wa Thiongo’s Devil on the Cross (1982)." Research Journal in Advanced Humanities 3, no. 2 (July 4, 2022): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.58256/rjah.v3i2.825.
Abstract:
This paper examines Ngũgĩ’s translation of his first Gĩkũyũ language novel Caitaani Mũtharaba-inĩ into English, with a view to showing how the author translates Gĩkũyũ culture and idiom into English. Starting from the premise that the act of literary creation inevitably starts within a culture, the paper proceeds from the position advanced by Nadine Gordimer that literature in indigenous African languages must be confident that it can connect with the literary culture of the outside world on its own terms (2003, p. 7). The paper goes further to shows how Ngũgĩ attempts to ensure that his translation of the novel into English does not become complicit with the linguistic and cultural hegemony of the English language while at the same time making sure that the translated text is intelligible to the English reading public. This shows the primacy of the indigenous gnosis, its language and worldview in Ngũgĩ’s practice as a writer and translator and the foremost advocate of writing in African indigenous languages. The paper comes to the conclusion that Ngũgĩ’s translation of the novel into English as Devil on the Cross makes deliberate efforts to resist the absorption of the indigenous culture and language by English.
48
ODYNTSOVA, HALYNA. "FORMATION OF GRAMMATICAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS BY MEANS OF INTERESTING LINGUISTICS." Scientific Issues of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: pedagogy 1, no. 1 (July 7, 2021): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2415-3605.21.1.13.
Abstract:
The questions of formation of grammatical competence as a component of an individual’s linguistic competence have been considered, the essence of the definition of “grammatical competence” has been analyzed and author’s comprehension of this notion has been suggested. The structural components of grammatical competence (grammatical knowledge, grammatical skills and abilities and grammatical awareness) have been singled out. It has been emphasized that the study of grammatical system of a language requires logical operations, such as scientific information analysis, ability to compare, relate and summarize the linguistic facts and deduce certain regularities. The possibilities of the subject “Formation of primary school students’ language personality by means of interesting Linguistics” in the process of formation of students’ grammatical competence in the context of linguistic subjects cycle have been outlined. Special attention has been paid to the application of interesting Linguistics elements while teaching students notional and categorical apparatus. It has been suggested to take into account the interpretation of linguistic terms by linguists, consider and correspond the modern ones with their equivalents in the old Grammar books. It has been proved that the definition of the term “Grammar” has been narrowed down diachronically. There have been outlined the other methods and techniques applied to form student’s grammatical competence (revealing linguistic notions etymology, using linguistic aphorisms, Comparative Historical Linguistics elements, didactic poetry, linguistic fairytales, entertaining tasks, exercises, jokes, learning projects) that contribute to enlargement of future teachers’ scientific perspective and their professional level growth.
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Naguib, Shuruq. "Bint al-Shāṭiʾ’s Approach to tafsīr: An Egyptian Exegete's Journey from Hermeneutics to Humanity." Journal of Qur'anic Studies 17, no. 1 (February 2015): 45–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jqs.2015.0179.
Abstract:
In recent decades, Bint al-Shāṭiʾ’s literary approach to the exegesis of the Qur'an received some scholarly attention. This has particularly been directed at the exegetical method she developed under the tutelage of Amīn al-Khūlī. This paper aims to re-examine Bint al-Shāṭiʾ’s exegetical oeuvre with an interest in its hermeneutic underpinnings. Through a close reading of her work al-Tafsīr al-bayānī li'l-Qurʾān, questions about authority, language, and application emerge as central to her approach. These questions are further explored in light of the tension between modernity and tradition characterising her intellectualism, and in the context of her personal journey as a woman attempting to establish an authoritative exegetical voice in a male-dominated tradition. The paper concludes with a discussion on Bint al-Shāṭiʾ’s stance on the primacy of a linguistic approach for understanding the Qur'an and thus her divergence from Amīn al-Khūlī who emphasised history above language in his Manahij al-tajdīd. The emphasis on linguisticality evolves in Bint al-Shāṭiʾ’s work into a theology of humanity in which women are equally entrusted with understanding the Qur'an, revealing her interpretation to be motivated not only by an interest in the Qur'an's literary inimitability but also by a concern for social application.
50
Daigle, Amelie. "The translation of an imagined community in Raja Rao’s Kanthapura." Journal of Commonwealth Literature 53, no. 3 (February 13, 2017): 497–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021989416683542.
Abstract:
In Imagined Communities, Benedict Anderson describes how sacred script languages (Arabic, Chinese, Latin) were usurped in political primacy by languages based on the spoken vernacular (French, English, German). In this article I examine one instance of these complications through Raja Rao’s classic novel of Indian independence, Kanthapura, a novel written in Indian English that works both with and against Anderson’s concept of nationalism’s linguistic underpinnings. Kanthapura not only proposes a model for Indian English speakers and writers, but performs a rhetorical argument about the necessity for Indian English if India is to cohere as a nation. I argue that the residents of Kanthapura are “translated” into citizens of the nation of India. This movement of translation is echoed by the language of the novel: the largely spoken language of Kannada is translated into the largely written (in India) language of English. English in Kanthapura performs a double function, unifying the nation as a script language while also reflecting the idiosyncrasies of local regional vernaculars. Kanthapura demonstrates that a nativized form of Indian English can serve as an invaluable tool for the development of a national consciousness, and that novels written in Indian English will play a role in determining the shape and identity of the nation.