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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lipooligosaccharide'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Howard, Michael David. "Antigenic Characterization of Haemophilus somnus Lipooligosaccharide." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35378.

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<P>Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) is the major outer membrane component of many Gram-negative bacteria inhabiting the mucosal membranes, including pathogenic species of <I>Haemophilus</I> and <I>Neisseria</I>. LOS phase variation is one mechanism by which some of these bacteria avoid the host immune response. To better understand LOS phase variation as a virulence mechanism of <I>H. somnus</I>, knowledge of the antigenic diversity of LOS epitopes must be increased. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to <I>H. somnus</I> LOS were produced and used with cross-reacting MAbs to <I>H. aegyptius</I> LOS (MAb

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2

Tu, Mai H. "Lipooligosaccharide-modified polymeric particles for targeted pulmonary drug delivery." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5666.

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Targeted delivery of drugs directly to the lung epithelium is a promising, though challenging, strategy for the treatment of diseases that affect the lung tissues, such as infections caused by cell-penetrating pathogens, cystic fibrosis, and cancer. With appropriate surface functionality, such as through the attachment of ligands that recognize receptors on cellular surfaces, particulate carriers show improved efficiency in penetrating cells in vitro. A useful class of ligands is produced by many natural human pathogens that infect the respiratory tract. A variety of phylogenetically distinct

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3

Pollard, Angela M. Nichols Wade. "Haemophilus parainfluenzae lipooligosaccharide analysis of structure, toxicity, and role in colonization /." Normal, Ill. : Illinois State University, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p3196641.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2005.<br>Title from title page screen, viewed September 27, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Wade Nichols (chair), Jon Friesen, Craig Gatto, Laura Vogel, Brian Wilkinson. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-93) and abstract. Also available in print.

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4

O'Connor, Ellen Therese. "What makes a pathogen? genetic and structural heterogeneity of neisserial lipooligosaccharide /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3359.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.<br>Thesis research directed by: Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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5

Millar, Lorna Anne. "Diversity and function of the lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis genes from Campylobacter jejuni." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30348.

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The enteric pathogen, Campylobacter jejuni, produces a range of LOS structures, however, the precise functions of LOS molecules in infection are largely undetermined. LOS structural diversity is known to arise from variation in LOS biosynthesis gene content and gene sequence. In determining the extent of LOS biosynthesis gene content variation in a group of mainly clinical C. jejuni isolates, in this study two new clusters of LOS biosynthesis genes have been identified. The C. jejuni LOS core can also undergo phase variation due to the presence of GC homopolymeric tracts in the protein coding

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6

Chakraborti, Srinjoy. "Therapeutic Antibody Against Neisseria gonorrhoeae Lipooligosaccharide, a Phase-variable Virulence Factor." eScholarship@UMMS, 2017. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/905.

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Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng) which causes gonorrhea has become multidrug-resistant, necessitating the development of novel therapeutics and vaccines. mAb 2C7 which targets an epitope within an important virulence factor, the lipooligosaccharide (LOS), is a candidate therapeutic mAb. Ninety-four percent of clinical isolates express the 2C7-epitope which is also a vaccine target. Ng expresses multiple LOS(s) due to phase-variation (pv) of LOS glycosyltransferase (lgt) genes. mAb 2C7 reactivity requires a lactose extension from the LOS core Heptose (Hep) II (i.e. lgtG ‘ON’ [G+]). Pv results in HepI

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7

Sun, Shuhua. "Cloning and characterization of lipooligosaccharide (LOS) biosynthetic genes of Haemophilus ducreyi /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488205318509985.

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8

Chakraborti, Srinjoy. "Therapeutic Antibody Against Neisseria gonorrhoeae Lipooligosaccharide, a Phase-variable Virulence Factor." eScholarship@UMMS, 2005. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/905.

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Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng) which causes gonorrhea has become multidrug-resistant, necessitating the development of novel therapeutics and vaccines. mAb 2C7 which targets an epitope within an important virulence factor, the lipooligosaccharide (LOS), is a candidate therapeutic mAb. Ninety-four percent of clinical isolates express the 2C7-epitope which is also a vaccine target. Ng expresses multiple LOS(s) due to phase-variation (pv) of LOS glycosyltransferase (lgt) genes. mAb 2C7 reactivity requires a lactose extension from the LOS core Heptose (Hep) II (i.e. lgtG ‘ON’ [G+]). Pv results in HepI

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9

Phongsisay, Vongsavanh, and vongsavang@yahoo com au. "Campylobacter jejuni and the Guillain-Barré syndrome." RMIT University. Applied Sciences, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20061221.100446.

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Campylobacter jejuni is an enteric bacterium that causes human gastroenteritis worldwide. Some C. jejuni strains exhibiting human ganglioside-like lipooligosaccharide (LOS) structures, such as GM1 ganglioside, can induce an autoimmune neuropathy of the peripheral nervous system known as the Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). This GBS-inducible determinant is encoded by a gene cluster, which shows a high degree of variation among C. jejuni strains. The experiments presented in this thesis were conducted to give a better insight into the LOS synthesis genes in relation to the patho

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10

Lodge, Karen, and karen lodge@rmit edu au. "A Molecular Investigation of Campylobacter jejuni Pathogenesis." RMIT University. Applied Sciences, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080229.151747.

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Campylobacter jejuni is one of the leading bacterial causes of human gastroenteritis world wide and has been linked to several severe complications including autoimmune syndromes which can result in paralysis. Despite being the subject of much study, C. jejuni remains a major public health burden in both developing and developed nations. There is currently no vaccine available for protection against this pathogen and the mechanisms important for C. jejuni pathogenesis are not fully defined. This study has employed a range of experimental approaches to investigate the molecular me

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11

Faglin, Isabelle. "Investigation of glycosyltransferases of Moraxella catarrhalis and Moraxella bovis." Thesis, Griffith University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365322.

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Glycosyltransferases are a diverse group of enzymes found in natire and perform critical functions in all domains of life by transferring sugars to various targets, forming glycoside bonds. In Gram-negative bacteria such as Moraxella catarrhalis, glycosyltransferases are essential in the biosynthesis of the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) structure, a major component of the outer membrane. M. catarrhalis is a frequent coloniser of the human upper respiratory tract and is associated with ear infections and diseases of the lower respiratory tract, particularly in patients with underlying lung impairme

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12

Hensley, Jennifer A. "Cloning and Characterization of a Gene Involved in Lipooligosaccharide Biosynthesis in Haemophilus somnus." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36667.

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Repetitive tetramers of the DNA sequence 5'-CAAT-3' are present in several loci associated with lipooligosaccharide (LOS) phase variation in Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). In an attempt to identify H. somnus phase-variable LOS genes, the presence of CAAT repeats within the H. somnus 738 genome was confirmed using a (CAAT)7 probe. A 3.9 kb EcoRI fragment that reacted with the probe was cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis confirmed the presence of 31 CAAT repeats downstream of two potential start codons, and indicated that small or large proteins would be encoded depending on the n

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13

Marsden, Gemma Louise. "Characterisation of the genetic diversity in the lipooligosaccharide core biosynthesis region of Campylobacter jejuni." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30377.

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Lipooligosaccharides (LOS) are an important constituent of the bacterial outer membrane involved in maintaining cellular structural integrity. In Campylobacter jejuni LOS is postulated to have a role in the virulence of this important gastrointestinal pathogen. The ability of C. jejuni to vary LOS structure and the molecular mimicry of host gangliosides by LOS epitopes suggests a role in the avoidance of host defence mechanisms. Molecular mimicry may form the immunopathological basis for an association with Guillain Barre syndrome. LOS structures differ between strains due to gene content, seq

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14

Howard, Michael D. "Investigation of Haemophilus somnus Virulence Factors: Lipooligosaccharide Sialylation and Inhibition of Superoxide Anion Production." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26848.

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Virulent strains of the bovine opportunistic pathogen Haemophilus somnus (Histophilus somni) cause multi-systemic diseases in cattle. One of the reported virulence factors that H. somnus may use to persist in the host is resistance to intracellular killing. It is reported in this dissertation that H. somnus significantly (P <0.001) inhibited production of superoxide anion (O2-) by bovine mammary and alveolar macrophages as well as by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Inhibition of O2- production was time- and dose-dependent and did not occur after incubation with Escherichia coli, H. influenzae, o

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15

Balyan, Rajiv. "Effect of Sialylation of Histophilus somni Lipooligosaccharide on Virulence and Resistance to Host Defenses." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34405.

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<p>Incorporation of N-acetyl neuraminic acid (NANA), or sialic acid, onto lipooligosaccharide (LOS) enhances the virulence of several bacterial species. In the present study, we assessed the effect of sialylation of Histophilus somni LOS on complement-mediated killing, binding of complement factor H (which converts C3b to inactive C3b (iC3b) and inhibit the alternative complement pathway) to the bacteria, complement activation by the LOS, and phagocytosis and killing of the bacteria by bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Killing of H. somni by alternative complement pathway was measured

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16

Naito, Mizue. "Effects of sequential Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 lipooligosaccharide core truncations on stress survival and pathogenesis." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5032.

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Campylobacterjejuni, a Gram-negative enteric pathogen, is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the developed world. A C. jejuni strain 8 1-176 transposon library was used to screen for mutants over-producing a calcofluor white (CFW)-reactive polymer implicated in biofilm formation. This identified two lipooligosaccharide (LOS) core mutants: one defective for a two-domain glycosyltransferase (lgtF), and the other defective in a heptosyltransferase (waaF). To determine if other LOS core mutants displayed a similar phenotype, and to explore other biological outcomes of step-wise LOS

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17

Elswaifi, Shaadi Fouad. "The Molecular Characterization of Phosphorylcholine (ChoP) on Histophilus somni Lipooligosaccharide: Contribution of ChoP to Bacterial Virulence and Pathogenesis." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30079.

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Histophilus somni virulence factors include expression and antigenic variation of lipooligosaccharide (LOS). Phosphorylcholine (ChoP) is often expressed on H. somni LOS and also undergoes antigenic variation. In this study, five genes that play a role in expression and antigenic variation of ChoP, lic1ABCD and glpQ, were identified in the genome sequence of H. somni through sequence homology with Haemophilus influenzae genes. The open reading frame (ORF) of lic1A contained a variable number of tandem repeats of the tetranucleotide unit 5'-AACC-3'. Slipped strand mispairing in the repeat region

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18

Dawood, Wisam Al-Ako. "Elucidation of the cell surface lipooligosaccharide structure of Moraxella bovoculi and its influence on the growth and biological activity of the microorganism." Thesis, Griffith University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/382710.

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Moraxella bovoculi is a Gram-negative microorganism that has shown potential to aide in the pathogenesis of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) or ‘pink-eye’ in cattle. An ocular disease, IBK has shown to cause a significant economic loss to the cattle and dairy industry with reported losses of AUD 21 million annually to the beef industry in Australia.1 Infected animals show symptoms of keratitis, conjunctivitis, corneal ulceration and in severe cases, IBK can lead to permanent blindness.2 Currently, the only known cause for IBK is the Gram-negative bacterium Moraxella bovis. However,

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19

Rustam, Tarick. "Investigation of the effect of the phoP gene on the toxicity of Neisseria meningitidis derived lipooligosaccharide." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.479216.

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20

Borrow, R. "The role of outer membrane proteins and lipooligosaccharide in the immunogenicity and pathogenicity of Neisseria meningitidis." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386713.

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21

Lövkvist, Lena. "Receptor Interactions Between Pathogenic Bacteria and Host Cells." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7782.

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<p>This thesis focuses on host and pathogen specific interactions during invasive disease. We have investigated the role and impact of different virulence factors of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis</i> and <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> on host epithelial cells and <i>in vivo</i>. </p><p><i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> cause the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhoea and <i>N. meningitidis</i> is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis and may be leathal to the host within hours of infection. The neisserial type IV pili were shown to have an important impact on host cells for the induct

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22

Turkington, Christopher Jason Richard. "Investigation of the influence of phase variable restriction modification systems and lipooligosaccharide epitopes on resistance of Haemophilus influenzae to infection by bacteriophage." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/40031.

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The evolution of ON/OFF switching phase variable loci is presumed to have arisen due to the need for bacterial populations to cope with uncertain environments where selection fluctuates between opposing pressures. One such selection is believed to be the presence of bacteriophage. Bacteriophage can influence bacterial evolution by forcing the development of bacteriophage resistance mechanisms within bacterial populations. However, resistance mechanisms can often come at a cost, such as reduced survival against the immune responses. As such, phase variation may circumnavigate this cost by gener

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23

Cahill, Sarah M. "Variation of surface polysaccharides in the ST25 clonal lineage of Acinetobacter baumannii." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/207776/1/Sarah_Cahill_Thesis.pdf.

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This project provides a novel insight into the genetics of complex surface structures present in the ST25 lineage of the multi-drug resistant bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii. The thesis employs a newly developed tool, Kaptive, to aid global tracking efforts of this pathogen and uncovers new structure variants which inform future therapeutic options.

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24

Singh, Sanjesh. "Investigation of Gram-negative bacterial surface glycans: characterisation of Moraxella bovis lipooligosaccharide and progress towards developing a Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae/Moraxella catarrhalis vaccine candidate." Thesis, Griffith University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/388637.

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Moraxella bovis, Moraxella catarrhalis and Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) are Gram-negative, oxidase positive, pathogenic microorganisms. M. bovis causes Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis, known (IBK) as ‘pink-eye’ in cattle worldwide. The disease is of economic importance as it leads to substantial economic loss in the cattle and dairy industries. There are antibiotic treatments available to treat M. bovis associated infections, but they tend to be ineffective at controlling disease outbreaks. Importantly, the current series of antibiotics used to treat IBK have shown occurren

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25

Bulteau, François. "Ciblage in vivo des tumeurs via l'antigène Tn : Développement d'un cluster de Macrophage Galactose Lectine Human Macrophage Galactose-Type Lectin (MGL) Recognizes the Outer Core of Escherichia coli Lipooligosaccharide." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALV048.

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L’ensemble des cellules, qu’elles soient procaryotes ou eucaryotes, est doté d’une couche de glycosylation externe riche et diversifiée, composant la face dominante immédiate en relation à leur environnement. Elles résultent de processus enzymatiques complexes liant les sucres entre eux et sur des protéines ou lipides. Des variations du « glycome » peuvent apparaître dans certaines pathologies. Les cancers sont les pathologies les plus fréquentes présentant des anomalies de ces glycosylations. Ces altérations sont quasi systématiques à la surface des cellules cancéreuses. Parmi celles-ci, l’an

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26

Semchenko, Evgeny A. "Characterisation of Campylobacter jejuni Lipooligosaccharides." Thesis, Griffith University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366659.

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Campylobacter jejuni is a major bacterial cause of food-borne enteritis, and its lipooligosaccharide (LOS) plays an initiating role in the development of the autoimmune neuropathy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, by induction of anti-neural cross-reactive antibodies through ganglioside molecular mimicry. Herein we describe the existence and heterogeneity of multiple LOS forms in C. jejuni strains of human and chicken origin grown at 37°C and 42°C. The C. jejuni NCTC 11168 original isolate (11168-O) was compared to the genome-sequenced variant (11168-GS), and both were found to have a lower-Mr LOS for

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27

Rombouts, Yoann. "Analyse structurale et fonctionnelle des glycolipides pariétaux de Mycobacterium marinum : une mycobactérie modèle dans l’étude de la tuberculose." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10145/document.

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Mycobacterium marinum est une mycobactérie pathogène des ectothermes génétiquement proche de M. tuberculosis. Ce modèle peut être utilisé pour mieux comprendre la formation des granulomes tuberculeux et déterminer le rôle des glycoconjugués pariétaux dans la régulation de la réponse immunitaire. Dans ce contexte, nos travaux ont porté sur la purification des glycolipides polaires et apolaires extraits de la paroi de M. marinum et leur caractérisation en utilisant la résonance magnétique nucléaire et la spectrométrie de masse. Nos résultats concernant l’analyse structurale de la famille des lip

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28

Young, Rosanna E. B. "The lipopolysaccharide of Haemophilus parainfluenzae." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fc7b7bcc-ea89-4ded-bb65-a1f2879236ca.

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Haemophilus parainfluenzae (Hp) and H. influenzae (Hi) are closely related members of the Pasteurellaceae family and are common commensal bacteria of the human nasopharynx. Whilst Hi is frequently implicated in meningitis, otitis media and respiratory tract infections, reports of pathogenic behaviour by Hp are very rare. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a key component of the Gram negative cell wall, and its structure influences the ability of Haemophilus to interact with the host and evade immune clearance. A better understanding of the differences in LPS structure between Hi and Hp could help to

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29

Chiang, Yu-Ting, and 蔣郁亭. "Characterization of the licABCD Genes that Control the Decoration of Phosphorylcholine on Lipooligosaccharide of Avibacterium paragallinarum." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86823200536644360185.

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30

Bouchet, Bénédicte. "Étude des interactions entre Haemophilus parasuis et des cellules endothéliales et épithéliales porcines: implications d’une composante bactérienne, le lipooligosaccharide (LOS)." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3261.

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Haemophilus parasuis est un pathogène porcin causant la maladie de Glässer caractérisée par de la polysérosite fibrineuse, polyarthrite, méningite et septicémie. La pathogenèse de l’infection et les facteurs de virulence sont encore mal connus. Le site de colonisation de Haemophilus parasuis dans le tractus respiratoire supérieur est controversé. Pour accéder à la circulation sanguine, H. parasuis doit envahir la muqueuse. H. parasuis adhère à des cellules épithéliales porcines de trachée (NPTr). Pour accéder au système nerveux central et causer la méningite, H. parasuis doit traverser la barr

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31

Chen, Yi-Yin, and 陳依吟. "Mycobacterium marinum mmar_2318 and mmar_2319 are Responsible for Lipooligosaccharide Biosynthesis and Virulence towards Dictyostelium: screening in a transposon mutant library." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15798083985838293381.

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博士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>微生物學研究所<br>104<br>Resistance to phagocyte killing is an important virulence factor in mycobacteria. Dictyostelium has been used to study the interaction between phagocytes and bacteria, given its similarity to the mammalian macrophage. Here, we investigated the genes responsible for virulence to Dictyostelium by screening 1728 transposon mutants of the Mycobacterium marinum NTUH-M6094 strain. A total of 30 mutants that were permissive for Dictyostelium growth were identified. These mutants revealed interruptions in 20 distinct loci. Of the 20 loci, six genes (losA, mmar_2318, m

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32

Nguyen, Bidong. "Systems for Genetic Analysis in the Obligate Intracellular Pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis." Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/5030.

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<p>Chlamydia trachomatis, a pathogen responsible for major diseases of significant clinical and public health importance, remains poorly characterized because of its intractability to molecular genetic manipulation. The development of a system(s) for genetic analysis would significantly accelerate our ability to identify genes that enable Chlamydia to establish infection, survive within its host, and cause disease. This thesis describes two methods used to assess gene function in Chlamydia and to provide insights into its biology and pathogenesis. The first method described is based on spec

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Edwards, Katie J. "Analysis of the biosynthesis and function of a serotype B glycoform of Moraxella catarrhalis lipooligosaccharides." 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1136088521&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=39334&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--State University of New York at Buffalo, 2006.<br>Title from PDF title page (viewed on Oct. 09, 2006) Available through UMI ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Thesis adviser: Campagnari, Anthony A. Includes bibliographical references.

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